1
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Iba C, Abe Y, Tanaka KF. Optogenetic demonstration of the involvement of SMA-negative mural cells in the regulation of cerebral blood flow. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1322250. [PMID: 38187133 PMCID: PMC10771846 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1322250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Mural cells are critical components of the cerebral vasculature. They are categorized into three primary subsets: arteriole smooth muscle cells (aSMCs), pericytes (PCs) and venule smooth muscle cells (vSMCs). It is well known that aSMCs can directly regulate cerebral blood flow (CBF) with their own contraction and dilation mechanisms. On the other hand, the direct involvement of PCs or vSMCs in CBF regulation is controversial. This ambiguity is largely due to the lack of specifically manipulable tools to isolate their function. To address this issue, we employed a set-subtraction approach by using a combination of tTA-mediated gene induction and Cre-mediated gene excision. We developed transgenic mice expressing optical actuators, channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) and photoactivated adenylyl cyclase (PAC) in smooth muscle actin (SMA)-negative mural cells that lack the machinery for SMA-mediated vasoregulation. Using these mouse models, we assessed CBF alterations in response to optical stimulation using laser Doppler techniques. Our results showed that optical stimulation induced notable CBF changes in both models. This study provides evidence for the potential regulatory role of PCs and vSMCs in cerebral hemodynamics and introduces powerful tools to specifically manipulate these cell types in vascular neurobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kenji F. Tanaka
- Division of Brain Sciences, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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2
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Nakisli S, Lagares A, Nielsen CM, Cuervo H. Pericytes and vascular smooth muscle cells in central nervous system arteriovenous malformations. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1210563. [PMID: 37601628 PMCID: PMC10437819 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1210563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously considered passive support cells, mural cells-pericytes and vascular smooth muscle cells-have started to garner more attention in disease research, as more subclassifications, based on morphology, gene expression, and function, have been discovered. Central nervous system (CNS) arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) represent a neurovascular disorder in which mural cells have been shown to be affected, both in animal models and in human patients. To study consequences to mural cells in the context of AVMs, various animal models have been developed to mimic and predict human AVM pathologies. A key takeaway from recently published work is that AVMs and mural cells are heterogeneous in their molecular, cellular, and functional characteristics. In this review, we summarize the observed perturbations to mural cells in human CNS AVM samples and CNS AVM animal models, and we discuss various potential mechanisms relating mural cell pathologies to AVMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sera Nakisli
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
- Neuroscience Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
| | - Alfonso Lagares
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Surgery, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Imas12, Madrid, Spain
| | - Corinne M. Nielsen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
- Neuroscience Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
| | - Henar Cuervo
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (F.S.P), Madrid, Spain
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3
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Oishi M, Passlick S, Yamazaki Y, Unekawa M, Adachi R, Yamada M, Imayoshi I, Abe Y, Steinhäuser C, Tanaka KF. Separate optogenetic manipulation of Nerve/glial antigen 2 (NG2) glia and mural cells using the NG2 promoter. Glia 2023; 71:317-333. [PMID: 36165697 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Nerve/glial antigen 2 (NG2) is a protein marker of NG2 glia and mural cells, and NG2 promoter activity is utilized to target these cells. However, the NG2 promoter cannot target NG2 glia and mural cells separately. This has been an obstacle for NG2 glia-specific manipulation. Here, we developed transgenic mice in which either cell type can be targeted using the NG2 promoter. We selected a tetracycline-controllable gene induction system for cell type-specific transgene expression, and generated NG2-tetracycline transactivator (tTA) transgenic lines. We crossed tTA lines with the tetO-ChR2 (channelrhodopsin-2)-EYFP line to characterize tTA-dependent transgene induction. We isolated two unique NG2-tTA mouse lines: one that induced ChR2-EYFP only in mural cells, likely due to the chromosomal position effect of NG2-tTA insertion, and the other that induced it in both cell types. We then applied a Cre-mediated set-subtraction strategy to the latter case and eliminated ChR2-EYFP from mural cells, resulting in NG2 glia-specific transgene induction. We further demonstrated that tTA-dependent ChR2 expression could manipulate cell function. Optogenetic mural cell activation decreased cerebral blood flow, as previously reported, indicating that tTA-mediated ChR2 expression was sufficient to impact cellular function. ChR2-mediated depolarization was observed in NG2 glia in acute hippocampal slices. In addition, ChR2-mediated depolarization of NG2 glia inhibited their proliferation but promoted their differentiation in juvenile mice. Since the tTA-tetO combination is expandable, the mural cell-specific NG2-tTA line and the NG2 glia-specific NG2-tTA line will permit us to conduct observational and manipulation studies to examine in vivo function of these cells separately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuhiro Oishi
- Division of Brain Sciences, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Stefan Passlick
- Institute of Cellular Neurosciences, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Yoshihiko Yamazaki
- Department of Physiology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Miyuki Unekawa
- Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ruka Adachi
- Division of Brain Sciences, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mayumi Yamada
- Research Center for Dynamic Living Systems, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Itaru Imayoshi
- Research Center for Dynamic Living Systems, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Abe
- Division of Brain Sciences, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Christian Steinhäuser
- Institute of Cellular Neurosciences, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Kenji F Tanaka
- Division of Brain Sciences, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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4
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Chen J, Chen Q, Qiu Y, Chang L, Yu Z, Li Y, Chang SJ, Chen Z, Lin X. CD146 + mural cells from infantile hemangioma display proangiogenic ability and adipogenesis potential in vitro and in xenograft models. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1063673. [PMID: 37182177 PMCID: PMC10172585 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1063673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Infantile hemangioma (IH), the most common infantile vascular neoplasm, is uniquely characterized by rapid proliferation followed by slow spontaneous involution lasting for years. In IH lesions, perivascular cells are the most dynamic cell subset during the transition from the proliferation phase to the involution phase, and we aimed to systematically study this kind of cell. Methods and results CD146-selective microbeads were used to isolate IH-derived mural-like cells (HemMCs). Mesenchymal markers of HemMCs were detected by flow cytometry, and the multilineage differentiation potential of HemMCs was detected by specific staining after conditioned culture. CD146-selected nonendothelial cells from IH samples showed characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells with distinct angiogenesis-promoting effects detected by transcriptome sequencing. HemMCs spontaneously differentiated into adipocytes 2 weeks after implantation into immunodeficient mice, and almost all HemMCs had differentiated into adipocytes within 4 weeks. HemMCs could not be induced to differentiate into endothelial cells in vitro. However, 2 weeks after implantation in vivo, HemMCs in combination with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) formed GLUT1+ IH-like blood vessels, which spontaneously involuted into adipose tissue 4 weeks after implantation. Conclusions In conclusion, we identified a specific cell subset that not only showed behavior consistent with the evolution of IH but also recapitulated the unique course of IH. Thus, we speculate that proangiogenic HemMCs may be a potential target for the construction of hemangioma animal models and the study of IH pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xiaoxi Lin
- *Correspondence: Zongan Chen, ; Xiaoxi Lin,
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5
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Shaw K, Boyd K, Anderle S, Hammond-Haley M, Amin D, Bonnar O, Hall CN. Gradual Not Sudden Change: Multiple Sites of Functional Transition Across the Microvascular Bed. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 13:779823. [PMID: 35237142 PMCID: PMC8885127 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.779823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In understanding the role of the neurovascular unit as both a biomarker and target for disease interventions, it is vital to appreciate how the function of different components of this unit change along the vascular tree. The cells of the neurovascular unit together perform an array of vital functions, protecting the brain from circulating toxins and infection, while providing nutrients and clearing away waste products. To do so, the brain's microvasculature dilates to direct energy substrates to active neurons, regulates access to circulating immune cells, and promotes angiogenesis in response to decreased blood supply, as well as pulsating to help clear waste products and maintain the oxygen supply. Different parts of the cerebrovascular tree contribute differently to various aspects of these functions, and previously, it has been assumed that there are discrete types of vessel along the vascular network that mediate different functions. Another option, however, is that the multiple transitions in function that occur across the vascular network do so at many locations, such that vascular function changes gradually, rather than in sharp steps between clearly distinct vessel types. Here, by reference to new data as well as by reviewing historical and recent literature, we argue that this latter scenario is likely the case and that vascular function gradually changes across the network without clear transition points between arteriole, precapillary arteriole and capillary. This is because classically localized functions are in fact performed by wide swathes of the vasculature, and different functional markers start and stop being expressed at different points along the vascular tree. Furthermore, vascular branch points show alterations in their mural cell morphology that suggest functional specializations irrespective of their position within the network. Together this work emphasizes the need for studies to consider where transitions of different functions occur, and the importance of defining these locations, in order to better understand the vascular network and how to target it to treat disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kira Shaw
- Sussex Neuroscience, School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Falmer, United Kingdom
| | - Katie Boyd
- Sussex Neuroscience, School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Falmer, United Kingdom
| | - Silvia Anderle
- Sussex Neuroscience, School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Falmer, United Kingdom
| | | | - Davina Amin
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Orla Bonnar
- MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown Navy Yard, MA, United States
| | - Catherine N. Hall
- Sussex Neuroscience, School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Falmer, United Kingdom
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6
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Chen W, Liu X, Li W, Shen H, Zeng Z, Yin K, Priest JR, Zhou Z. Single-cell transcriptomic landscape of cardiac neural crest cell derivatives during development. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e52389. [PMID: 34569705 PMCID: PMC8567227 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202152389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The migratory cardiac neural crest cells (CNCCs) contribute greatly to cardiovascular development. A thorough understanding of the cell lineages, developmental chronology, and transcriptomic states of CNCC derivatives during normal development is essential for deciphering the pathogenesis of CNCC‐associated congenital anomalies. Here, we perform single‐cell transcriptomic sequencing of 34,131 CNCC‐derived cells in mouse hearts covering eight developmental stages between E10.5 and P7. We report the presence of CNCC‐derived mural cells that comprise pericytes and microvascular smooth muscle cells (mVSMCs). Furthermore, we identify the transition from the CNCC‐derived pericytes to mVSMCs and the key regulators over the transition. In addition, our data support that many CNCC derivatives had already committed or differentiated to a specific lineage when migrating into the heart. We explore the spatial distribution of some critical CNCC‐derived subpopulations with single‐molecule fluorescence in situ hybridization. Finally, we computationally reconstruct the differentiation path and regulatory dynamics of CNCC derivatives. Our study provides novel insights into the cell lineages, developmental chronology, and regulatory dynamics of CNCC derivatives during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Center of Laboratory Medicine, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xuanyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Center of Laboratory Medicine, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wenke Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Center of Laboratory Medicine, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Huayan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Center of Laboratory Medicine, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ziyi Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Center of Laboratory Medicine, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Kunlun Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Center of Laboratory Medicine, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - James R Priest
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Zhou Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Center of Laboratory Medicine, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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7
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Sun R, Kong X, Qiu X, Huang C, Wong PP. The Emerging Roles of Pericytes in Modulating Tumor Microenvironment. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:676342. [PMID: 34179005 PMCID: PMC8232225 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.676342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pericytes (PCs), known as mural cells, play an important blood vessel (BV) supporting role in regulating vascular stabilization, permeability and blood flow in microcirculation as well as blood brain barrier. In carcinogenesis, defective interaction between PCs and endothelial cells (ECs) contributes to the formation of leaky, chaotic and dysfunctional vasculature in tumors. However, recent works from other laboratories and our own demonstrate that the direct interaction between PCs and other stromal cells/cancer cells can modulate tumor microenvironment (TME) to favor cancer growth and progression, independent of its BV supporting role. Furthermore, accumulating evidence suggests that PCs have an immunomodulatory role. In the current review, we focus on recent advancement in understanding PC's regulatory role in the TME by communicating with ECs, immune cells, and tumor cells, and discuss how we can target PC's functions to re-model TME for an improved cancer treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruipu Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangzhan Kong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyi Qiu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping-Pui Wong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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8
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Wong PP, Muñoz-Félix JM, Hijazi M, Kim H, Robinson SD, De Luxán-Delgado B, Rodríguez-Hernández I, Maiques O, Meng YM, Meng Q, Bodrug N, Dukinfield MS, Reynolds LE, Elia G, Clear A, Harwood C, Wang Y, Campbell JJ, Singh R, Zhang P, Schall TJ, Matchett KP, Henderson NC, Szlosarek PW, Dreger SA, Smith S, Jones JL, Gribben JG, Cutillas PR, Meier P, Sanz-Moreno V, Hodivala-Dilke KM. Cancer Burden Is Controlled by Mural Cell-β3-Integrin Regulated Crosstalk with Tumor Cells. Cell 2020; 181:1346-1363.e21. [PMID: 32473126 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Enhanced blood vessel (BV) formation is thought to drive tumor growth through elevated nutrient delivery. However, this observation has overlooked potential roles for mural cells in directly affecting tumor growth independent of BV function. Here we provide clinical data correlating high percentages of mural-β3-integrin-negative tumor BVs with increased tumor sizes but no effect on BV numbers. Mural-β3-integrin loss also enhances tumor growth in implanted and autochthonous mouse tumor models with no detectable effects on BV numbers or function. At a molecular level, mural-cell β3-integrin loss enhances signaling via FAK-p-HGFR-p-Akt-p-p65, driving CXCL1, CCL2, and TIMP-1 production. In particular, mural-cell-derived CCL2 stimulates tumor cell MEK1-ERK1/2-ROCK2-dependent signaling and enhances tumor cell survival and tumor growth. Overall, our data indicate that mural cells can control tumor growth via paracrine signals regulated by β3-integrin, providing a previously unrecognized mechanism of cancer growth control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Pui Wong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China; Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China; Centre for Tumor Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.
| | - José M Muñoz-Félix
- Centre for Tumor Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.
| | - Maruan Hijazi
- Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Hyojin Kim
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, Mary-Jean Mitchell Green Building, Chester Beatty Laboratories, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Stephen D Robinson
- Gut Microbes and Health, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK; School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Beatriz De Luxán-Delgado
- Centre for Tumor Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Irene Rodríguez-Hernández
- Centre for Tumour Microenvironment, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Oscar Maiques
- Centre for Tumour Microenvironment, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Ya-Ming Meng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China; Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Qiong Meng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China; Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Natalia Bodrug
- Centre for Tumor Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Matthew Scott Dukinfield
- Centre for Tumor Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Louise E Reynolds
- Centre for Tumor Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - George Elia
- Centre for Tumor Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Andrew Clear
- Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Catherine Harwood
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 2AT, UK
| | - Yu Wang
- ChemoCentryx Inc., 850 Maude Ave., Mountain View, CA 94043, USA
| | | | - Rajinder Singh
- ChemoCentryx Inc., 850 Maude Ave., Mountain View, CA 94043, USA
| | - Penglie Zhang
- ChemoCentryx Inc., 850 Maude Ave., Mountain View, CA 94043, USA
| | - Thomas J Schall
- ChemoCentryx Inc., 850 Maude Ave., Mountain View, CA 94043, USA
| | - Kylie P Matchett
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh BioQuarter, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Neil C Henderson
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh BioQuarter, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Peter W Szlosarek
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Sally A Dreger
- Centre for Tumor Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Sally Smith
- Centre for Tumor Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - J Louise Jones
- Centre for Tumor Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - John G Gribben
- Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Pedro R Cutillas
- Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Pascal Meier
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, Mary-Jean Mitchell Green Building, Chester Beatty Laboratories, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Victoria Sanz-Moreno
- Centre for Tumour Microenvironment, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Kairbaan M Hodivala-Dilke
- Centre for Tumor Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.
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9
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Sun C, Sakashita H, Kim J, Tang Z, Upchurch GM, Yao L, Berry WL, Griffin TM, Olson LE. Mosaic Mutant Analysis Identifies PDGFRα/PDGFRβ as Negative Regulators of Adipogenesis. Cell Stem Cell 2020; 26:707-721.e5. [PMID: 32229310 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2020.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Adipocyte progenitors (APs) express platelet-derived growth factor receptors (PDGFRs), PDGFRα and PDGFRβ. Elevated PDGFRα signaling inhibits adipogenesis and promotes fibrosis; however, the function of PDGFRs in APs remains unclear. We combined lineage tracing and functional analyses in a sequential dual-recombinase approach that creates mosaic Pdgfr mutant cells by Cre/lox recombination with a linked Flp/frt reporter to track individual cell fates. Using mosaic lineage labeling, we show that adipocytes are derived from the Pdgfra lineage during postnatal growth and adulthood. In contrast, adipocytes are only derived from the mosaic Pdgfrb lineage during postnatal growth. Functionally, postnatal mosaic deletion of PDGFRα enhances adipogenesis and adult deletion enhances β3-adrenergic-receptor-induced beige adipocyte formation. Mosaic deletion of PDGFRβ also enhances white, brown, and beige adipogenesis. These data show that both PDGFRs are cell-autonomous inhibitors of adipocyte differentiation and implicate downregulation of PDGF signaling as a critical event in the transition from AP to adipocyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyi Sun
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Hiromi Sakashita
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Jang Kim
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Zifeng Tang
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - G Michael Upchurch
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Longbiao Yao
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - William L Berry
- Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Timothy M Griffin
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Lorin E Olson
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
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10
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Ha JM, Jin SY, Lee HS, Vafaeinik F, Jung YJ, Keum HJ, Song SH, Lee DH, Kim CD, Bae SS. Vascular leakage caused by loss of Akt1 is associated with impaired mural cell coverage. FEBS Open Bio 2019; 9:801-813. [PMID: 30984553 PMCID: PMC6443864 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis plays a critical role in embryo development, tissue repair, tumor growth and wound healing. In the present study, we investigated the role of the serine/threonine kinase Akt in angiogenesis. Silencing of Akt1 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells significantly inhibited vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced capillary-like tube formation. Mice lacking Akt1 exhibited impaired retinal angiogenesis with delayed endothelial cell (EC) proliferation. In addition, VEGF-induced corneal angiogenesis and tumor development were significantly inhibited in mice lacking Akt1. Loss of Akt1 resulted in reduced angiogenic sprouting, as well as the proliferation of ECs and mural cells. Addition of culture supernatant of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in which Akt1 was silenced suppressed tube formation, the stability of preformed tubes and the proliferation of ECs. In addition, attachment of VSMCs to ECs was significantly reduced in cells in which Akt1 was silenced. Mural cell coverage of retinal vasculature was reduced in mice lacking Akt1. Finally, mice lacking Akt1 showed severe retinal hemorrhage compared to the wild-type. These results suggest that the regulation of EC function and mural cell coverage by Akt1 is important for blood vessel maturation during angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Min Ha
- Biomedical Research Institute Gene and Cell Therapy Center for Vessel Associated Disease Department of Pharmacology Pusan National University School of Medicine Yangsan Korea
| | - Seo Yeon Jin
- Biomedical Research Institute Gene and Cell Therapy Center for Vessel Associated Disease Department of Pharmacology Pusan National University School of Medicine Yangsan Korea
| | - Hye Sun Lee
- Biomedical Research Institute Gene and Cell Therapy Center for Vessel Associated Disease Department of Pharmacology Pusan National University School of Medicine Yangsan Korea
| | - Farzaneh Vafaeinik
- Biomedical Research Institute Gene and Cell Therapy Center for Vessel Associated Disease Department of Pharmacology Pusan National University School of Medicine Yangsan Korea
| | - Yoo Jin Jung
- Biomedical Research Institute Gene and Cell Therapy Center for Vessel Associated Disease Department of Pharmacology Pusan National University School of Medicine Yangsan Korea
| | - Hye Jin Keum
- Biomedical Research Institute Gene and Cell Therapy Center for Vessel Associated Disease Department of Pharmacology Pusan National University School of Medicine Yangsan Korea
| | - Sang Heon Song
- Biomedical Research Institute Department of Internal Medicine Pusan National University Hospital Busan Korea
| | - Dong Hyung Lee
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital Korea
| | - Chi Dae Kim
- Biomedical Research Institute Gene and Cell Therapy Center for Vessel Associated Disease Department of Pharmacology Pusan National University School of Medicine Yangsan Korea
| | - Sun Sik Bae
- Biomedical Research Institute Gene and Cell Therapy Center for Vessel Associated Disease Department of Pharmacology Pusan National University School of Medicine Yangsan Korea
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11
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Grant RI, Hartmann DA, Underly RG, Berthiaume AA, Bhat NR, Shih AY. Organizational hierarchy and structural diversity of microvascular pericytes in adult mouse cortex. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2019; 39:411-425. [PMID: 28933255 PMCID: PMC6399730 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x17732229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Smooth muscle cells and pericytes, together called mural cells, coordinate many distinct vascular functions. Canonically, smooth muscle cells are ring-shaped and cover arterioles with circumferential processes, whereas pericytes extend thin processes that run longitudinally along capillaries. In between these canonical mural cell types are cells with features of both smooth muscle cells and pericytes. Recent studies suggest that these transitional cells are critical for controlling blood flow to the capillary bed during health and disease, but there remains confusion on how to identify them and where they are located in the brain microvasculature. To address this issue, we measured the morphology, vascular territory, and α-smooth muscle actin content of structurally diverse mural cells in adult mouse cortex. We first imaged intact 3D vascular networks to establish the locations of major gradations in mural cell appearance as arterioles branched into capillaries. We then imaged individual mural cells occupying the regions within these gradations. This revealed two transitional cells that were often similar in appearance, but with sharply contrasting levels of α-smooth muscle actin. Our findings highlight the diversity of mural cell morphologies in brain microvasculature, and provide guidance for identification and categorization of mural cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger I Grant
- 1 Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - David A Hartmann
- 1 Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Robert G Underly
- 1 Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | | | - Narayan R Bhat
- 1 Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Andy Y Shih
- 1 Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.,2 Center for Biomedical Imaging, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
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12
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Berthiaume AA, Hartmann DA, Majesky MW, Bhat NR, Shih AY. Pericyte Structural Remodeling in Cerebrovascular Health and Homeostasis. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:210. [PMID: 30065645 PMCID: PMC6057109 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The biology of brain microvascular pericytes is an active area of research and discovery, as their interaction with the endothelium is critical for multiple aspects of cerebrovascular function. There is growing evidence that pericyte loss or dysfunction is involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease, vascular dementia, ischemic stroke and brain injury. However, strategies to mitigate or compensate for this loss remain limited. In this review, we highlight a novel finding that pericytes in the adult brain are structurally dynamic in vivo, and actively compensate for loss of endothelial coverage by extending their far-reaching processes to maintain contact with regions of exposed endothelium. Structural remodeling of pericytes may present an opportunity to foster pericyte-endothelial communication in the adult brain and should be explored as a potential means to counteract pericyte loss in dementia and cerebrovascular disease. We discuss the pathophysiological consequences of pericyte loss on capillary function, and the biochemical pathways that may control pericyte remodeling. We also offer guidance for observing pericytes in vivo, such that pericyte structural remodeling can be more broadly studied in mouse models of cerebrovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrée-Anne Berthiaume
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - David A Hartmann
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Mark W Majesky
- Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States.,Departments of Pediatrics and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Narayan R Bhat
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Andy Y Shih
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.,Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States.,Center for Biomedical Imaging, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
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13
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Yamazaki T, Nalbandian A, Uchida Y, Li W, Arnold TD, Kubota Y, Yamamoto S, Ema M, Mukouyama YS. Tissue Myeloid Progenitors Differentiate into Pericytes through TGF-β Signaling in Developing Skin Vasculature. Cell Rep 2017; 18:2991-3004. [PMID: 28329690 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.02.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mural cells (pericytes and vascular smooth muscle cells) are essential for the regulation of vascular networks and maintenance of vascular integrity, but their origins are diverse in different tissues and not known in the organs that arise from the ectoderm, such as skin. Here, we show that tissue-localized myeloid progenitors contribute to pericyte development in embryonic skin vasculature. A series of in vivo fate-mapping experiments indicates that tissue myeloid progenitors differentiate into pericytes. Furthermore, depletion of tissue myeloid cells and their progenitors in PU.1 (also known as Spi1) mutants results in defective pericyte development. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS)-isolated myeloid cells and their progenitors from embryonic skin differentiate into pericytes in culture. At the molecular level, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) induces pericyte differentiation in culture. Furthermore, type 2 TGF-β receptor (Tgfbr2) mutants exhibit deficient pericyte development in skin vasculature. Combined, these data suggest that pericytes differentiate from tissue myeloid progenitors in the skin vasculature through TGF-β signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Yamazaki
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Neuro-Vascular Biology, Genetics and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 10/6C103, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ani Nalbandian
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Neuro-Vascular Biology, Genetics and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 10/6C103, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yutaka Uchida
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Neuro-Vascular Biology, Genetics and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 10/6C103, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Wenling Li
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Neuro-Vascular Biology, Genetics and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 10/6C103, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Thomas D Arnold
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, 1550 4(th) Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Yoshiaki Kubota
- Department of Vascular Biology, The Sakaguchi Laboratory, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Seiji Yamamoto
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Masatsugu Ema
- Department of Stem Cells and Human Disease Models Research Center for Animal Life Science, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta, Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Yoh-Suke Mukouyama
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Neuro-Vascular Biology, Genetics and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 10/6C103, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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14
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Ulvmar MH, Martinez-Corral I, Stanczuk L, Mäkinen T. Pdgfrb-Cre targets lymphatic endothelial cells of both venous and non-venous origins. Genesis 2016; 54:350-8. [PMID: 27060598 PMCID: PMC5021155 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.22939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The Pdgfrb‐Cre line has been used as a tool to specifically target pericytes and vascular smooth muscle cells. Recent studies showed additional targeting of cardiac and mesenteric lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) by the Pdgfrb‐Cre transgene. In the heart, this was suggested to provide evidence for a previously unknown nonvenous source of LECs originating from yolk sac (YS) hemogenic endothelium (HemEC). Here we show that Pdgfrb‐Cre does not, however, target YS HemEC or YS‐derived erythro‐myeloid progenitors (EMPs). Instead, a high proportion of ECs in embryonic blood vessels of multiple organs, as well as venous‐derived LECs were targeted. Assessment of temporal Cre activity using the R26‐mTmG double reporter suggested recent occurrence of Pdgfrb‐Cre recombination in both blood and lymphatic ECs. It thus cannot be excluded that Pdgfrb‐Cre mediated targeting of LECs is due to de novo expression of the Pdgfrb‐Cre transgene or their previously established venous endothelial origin. Importantly, Pdgfrb‐Cre targeting of LECs does not provide evidence for YS HemEC origin of the lymphatic vasculature. Our results highlight the need for careful interpretation of lineage tracing using constitutive Cre lines that cannot discriminate active from historical expression. The early vascular targeting by the Pdgfrb‐Cre also warrants consideration for its use in studies of mural cells. genesis 54:350–358, 2016. © 2016 The Authors. Genesis Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria H Ulvmar
- Department of Immunology Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjöldsväg 20, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ines Martinez-Corral
- Department of Immunology Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjöldsväg 20, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lukas Stanczuk
- Department of Immunology Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjöldsväg 20, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Taija Mäkinen
- Department of Immunology Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjöldsväg 20, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
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15
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Durham JT, Surks HK, Dulmovits BM, Herman IM. Pericyte contractility controls endothelial cell cycle progression and sprouting: insights into angiogenic switch mechanics. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2014; 307:C878-92. [PMID: 25143350 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00185.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Microvascular stability and regulation of capillary tonus are regulated by pericytes and their interactions with endothelial cells (EC). While the RhoA/Rho kinase (ROCK) pathway has been implicated in modulation of pericyte contractility, in part via regulation of the myosin light chain phosphatase (MLCP), the mechanisms linking Rho GTPase activity with actomyosin-based contraction and the cytoskeleton are equivocal. Recently, the myosin phosphatase-RhoA-interacting protein (MRIP) was shown to mediate the RhoA/ROCK-directed MLCP inactivation in vascular smooth muscle. Here we report that MRIP directly interacts with the β-actin-specific capping protein βcap73. Furthermore, manipulation of MRIP expression influences pericyte contractility, with MRIP silencing inducing cytoskeletal remodeling and cellular hypertrophy. MRIP knockdown induces a repositioning of βcap73 from the leading edge to stress fibers; thus MRIP-silenced pericytes increase F-actin-driven cell spreading twofold. These hypertrophied and cytoskeleton-enriched pericytes demonstrate a 2.2-fold increase in contractility upon MRIP knockdown when cells are plated on a deformable substrate. In turn, silencing pericyte MRIP significantly affects EC cycle progression and angiogenic activation. When MRIP-silenced pericytes are cocultured with capillary EC, there is a 2.0-fold increase in EC cycle entry. Furthermore, in three-dimensional models of injury and repair, silencing pericyte MRIP results in a 1.6-fold elevation of total tube area due to EC network formation and increased angiogenic sprouting. The pivotal role of MRIP expression in governing pericyte contractile phenotype and endothelial growth should lend important new insights into how chemomechanical signaling pathways control the "angiogenic switch" and pathological angiogenic induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer T Durham
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Department of Developmental, Molecular, and Chemical Biology, Center for Innovations in Wound Healing Research, School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Howard K Surks
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Department of Developmental, Molecular, and Chemical Biology, Center for Innovations in Wound Healing Research, School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Brian M Dulmovits
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Department of Developmental, Molecular, and Chemical Biology, Center for Innovations in Wound Healing Research, School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ira M Herman
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Department of Developmental, Molecular, and Chemical Biology, Center for Innovations in Wound Healing Research, School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts
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