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Murugan NJ, Cariba S, Abeygunawardena S, Rouleau N, Payne SL. Biophysical control of plasticity and patterning in regeneration and cancer. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 81:9. [PMID: 38099951 PMCID: PMC10724343 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-05054-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Cells and tissues display a remarkable range of plasticity and tissue-patterning activities that are emergent of complex signaling dynamics within their microenvironments. These properties, which when operating normally guide embryogenesis and regeneration, become highly disordered in diseases such as cancer. While morphogens and other molecular factors help determine the shapes of tissues and their patterned cellular organization, the parallel contributions of biophysical control mechanisms must be considered to accurately predict and model important processes such as growth, maturation, injury, repair, and senescence. We now know that mechanical, optical, electric, and electromagnetic signals are integral to cellular plasticity and tissue patterning. Because biophysical modalities underly interactions between cells and their extracellular matrices, including cell cycle, metabolism, migration, and differentiation, their applications as tuning dials for regenerative and anti-cancer therapies are being rapidly exploited. Despite this, the importance of cellular communication through biophysical signaling remains disproportionately underrepresented in the literature. Here, we provide a review of biophysical signaling modalities and known mechanisms that initiate, modulate, or inhibit plasticity and tissue patterning in models of regeneration and cancer. We also discuss current approaches in biomedical engineering that harness biophysical control mechanisms to model, characterize, diagnose, and treat disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirosha J Murugan
- Department of Health Sciences, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada.
- Allen Discovery Center, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA.
| | - Solsa Cariba
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | | | - Nicolas Rouleau
- Department of Health Sciences, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada
- Allen Discovery Center, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
| | - Samantha L Payne
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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2
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Acute radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation exposure impairs neurogenesis and causes neuronal DNA damage in the young rat brain. Neurotoxicology 2023; 94:46-58. [PMID: 36336097 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A mobile phone is now a commonly used device for digital media and communication among all age groups. Young adolescents use it for longer durations, which exposes them to radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation (RF-EMR). This exposure can lead to neuropsychiatric changes. The underlying cellular mechanism behind these changes requires detailed investigation. In the present study, we investigated the effect of RF-EMR emitted from mobile phones on young adolescent rat brains. Wistar rats (5 weeks, male) were exposed to RF-EMR signal (2115 MHz) at a head average specific absorption rate (SAR) of 1.51 W/kg continuously for 8 h. Higher level of lipid peroxidation, carbon-centered lipid radicals, and single-strand DNA damage was observed in the brain of rat exposed to RF-EMR. The number of BrdU-positive cells in the dentate gyrus (DG) decreased in RF-EMR-exposed rats, indicating reduced neurogenesis. RF-EMR exposure also induced degenerative changes and neuronal loss in DG neurons but had no effect on the CA3 and CA1 neurons of the hippocampus and cerebral cortex. The activity of Pro-caspase3 did not increase upon exposure in any of the brain regions, pointing out that degeneration observed in the DG region is not dependent on caspase activation. Results indicate that short-term acute exposure to RF-EMR induced the generation of carbon-centered lipid radicals and nuclear DNA damage, both of which likely played a role in the impaired neurogenesis and neuronal degeneration seen in the young brain's hippocampus region. The understanding of RF-EMR-induced alteration in the brain at the cellular level will help develop appropriate interventions for reducing its adverse impact.
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3
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Levitt BB, Lai HC, Manville AM. Effects of non-ionizing electromagnetic fields on flora and fauna, Part 2 impacts: how species interact with natural and man-made EMF. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2022; 37:327-406. [PMID: 34243228 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2021-0050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ambient levels of nonionizing electromagnetic fields (EMF) have risen sharply in the last five decades to become a ubiquitous, continuous, biologically active environmental pollutant, even in rural and remote areas. Many species of flora and fauna, because of unique physiologies and habitats, are sensitive to exogenous EMF in ways that surpass human reactivity. This can lead to complex endogenous reactions that are highly variable, largely unseen, and a possible contributing factor in species extinctions, sometimes localized. Non-human magnetoreception mechanisms are explored. Numerous studies across all frequencies and taxa indicate that current low-level anthropogenic EMF can have myriad adverse and synergistic effects, including on orientation and migration, food finding, reproduction, mating, nest and den building, territorial maintenance and defense, and on vitality, longevity and survivorship itself. Effects have been observed in mammals such as bats, cervids, cetaceans, and pinnipeds among others, and on birds, insects, amphibians, reptiles, microbes and many species of flora. Cyto- and geno-toxic effects have long been observed in laboratory research on animal models that can be extrapolated to wildlife. Unusual multi-system mechanisms can come into play with non-human species - including in aquatic environments - that rely on the Earth's natural geomagnetic fields for critical life-sustaining information. Part 2 of this 3-part series includes four online supplement tables of effects seen in animals from both ELF and RFR at vanishingly low intensities. Taken as a whole, this indicates enough information to raise concerns about ambient exposures to nonionizing radiation at ecosystem levels. Wildlife loss is often unseen and undocumented until tipping points are reached. It is time to recognize ambient EMF as a novel form of pollution and develop rules at regulatory agencies that designate air as 'habitat' so EMF can be regulated like other pollutants. Long-term chronic low-level EMF exposure standards, which do not now exist, should be set accordingly for wildlife, and environmental laws should be strictly enforced - a subject explored in Part 3.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Henry C Lai
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Albert M Manville
- Advanced Academic Programs, Krieger School of Arts and Sciences, Environmental Sciences and Policy, Johns Hopkins University, Washington DC Campus, USA
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4
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Upadhyaya C, Upadhyaya T, Patel I. Exposure effects of non-ionizing radiation of radio waves on antimicrobial potential of medicinal plants. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrras.2022.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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5
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Vithoulkas G. An integrated perspective on transmutation of acute inflammation into chronic and the role of the microbiome. J Med Life 2021; 14:740-747. [PMID: 35126742 PMCID: PMC8811668 DOI: 10.25122/jml-2021-0375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Continuum theory and the Levels of Health theory were separately proposed to explain the myriad responses to treatment and understand the process of health and disease in an individual. In light of accumulating evidence on the intricate relationship between the human immune system and microbiome, an attempt is made in this article to connect these two theories to explain the transmutation of the efficiently responding immune system (through the acute inflammatory response and high fever) to one involved in a low-grade chronic inflammatory process (resulting in chronic disease). There is already enough evidence to demonstrate the role of the microbiome in all chronic inflammatory diseases. In this article, we discuss the mechanism by which subjecting a healthy person to continuous drug treatment for acute inflammatory conditions (at a certain time) leads to transmutation to chronic disease. Although this hypothesis requires further experimental evidence, it calls for a reconsideration of the manner in which we treat acute infectious diseases in the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Vithoulkas
- University of the Aegean, Syros, Greece
- Postgraduate Doctors’ Training Institute, Health Care Ministry of the Chuvash Republic, Cheboksary, Russian Federation
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6
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Hassanzadeh-Taheri M, Khalili MA, Hosseininejad Mohebati A, Zardast M, Hosseini M, Palmerini MG, Doostabadi MR. The detrimental effect of cell phone radiation on sperm biological characteristics in normozoospermic. Andrologia 2021; 54:e14257. [PMID: 34628682 DOI: 10.1111/and.14257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation emitted from cell phone has harmful effects on some organs of the body, such as the brain, heart, and testes. This study aimed to assess the effects of cell phones on sperm parameters, DNA fragmentation, and apoptosis in normozoospermic. Normal sperm samples were divided into two groups of control and case. The samples from the case were placed for 60 min at a distance of approximately 2.5 cm from the cell phone set in the active antenna position. Control samples were exposed to cell phones without active antennas. All specimens were analysed by World Health Organization criteria. Sperm viability, sperm with chromatin abnormality and maturity, DNA fragmentation, and apoptosis were examined. Viability and motility in the case were significantly lower than the control (p < .001, p = .004 respectively). The percentage of apoptotic sperms and DNA fragmentation were significantly higher in the case when compared with the control (p = .031, p < .001 respectively). The other parameters studied such as morphology, chromatin abnormality, and maturity showed no significant difference between the case and control groups. Cell phone waves had a detrimental effect on human sperm's biological features. Therefore, it is recommended to keep the cell phone away from the pelvis as much as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadmehdi Hassanzadeh-Taheri
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Khalili
- Research, and Clinical Center for Infertility, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | | | - Mahmood Zardast
- Department of Pathology, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Mehran Hosseini
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Maria Grazia Palmerini
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Mohammad Reza Doostabadi
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.,Research, and Clinical Center for Infertility, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.,Royesh Infertility Center, Birjand University of Medical Science, Birjand, Iran
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7
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Kundu A, Vangaru S, Bhowmick S, Bhattacharyya S, Mallick AI, Gupta B. One-time Electromagnetic Irradiation Modifies Stress-sensitive Gene Expressions in Rice Plant. Bioelectromagnetics 2021; 42:649-658. [PMID: 34559898 DOI: 10.1002/bem.22374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Electromagnetic energy is utilized over multiple frequency bands to provide seamless wireless communication services. Plants can well perceive electromagnetic energy present in open environment due to reasonably high permittivity and electrical conductivity of constituent tissues. Moreover, higher surface-to-volume ratio of plant structure facilitates increased interaction with the incident electromagnetic waves. To date, a few well-designed studies have been conducted inside controlled electromagnetic reverberation chambers to investigate either short duration-low amplitude or long duration-periodic electromagnetic irradiation-induced molecular responses in plants. However, as far as is known, studies investigating molecular responses particularly at the mid-vegetative stage in plants following one-time (hours-long) electromagnetic irradiation have not been reported earlier. Hence, the present study aimed at investigating molecular responses in 40-day-old Swarnaprabha rice plants following one-time 1837.50 MHz, 2.75 mW/m2 electromagnetic irradiation of 2 h 30 min duration. Controlled electromagnetic irradiation inside a simple reverberation chamber was ensured to achieve pure electromagnetic environment at 1837.50 MHz with deterministic electromagnetic power density at selected position. Swarnaprabha rice plant was chosen for this investigation since the rice variety is widely cultivated and consumed in the Indian subcontinent. Subsequent alterations in some selected stress-sensitive gene expressions were assayed using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction technique-significant upregulation in calmodulin and phytochrome B gene expressions were noted. This investigation was purposefully focused on subsequent molecular responses immediately following electromagnetic irradiation so that the possible effects of secondary stimulations could be avoided. Observed molecular responses strongly suggested that plants perceive 1837.50 MHz, 2.75 mW/m2 electromagnetic irradiation similar to other injurious stimuli. © 2021 Bioelectromagnetics Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ardhendu Kundu
- Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering Department, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
| | - Sathish Vangaru
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, India
| | - Sucharita Bhowmick
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, India
| | - Somnath Bhattacharyya
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, India
| | - Amirul I Mallick
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, India
| | - Bhaskar Gupta
- Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering Department, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
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8
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Manjua AC, Cabral JMS, Portugal CAM, Ferreira FC. Magnetic stimulation of the angiogenic potential of mesenchymal stromal cells in vascular tissue engineering. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2021; 22:461-480. [PMID: 34248420 PMCID: PMC8245073 DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2021.1927834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The growing prevalence of vascular diseases worldwide has emphasized the need for novel tissue-engineered options concerning the development of vascularized 3D constructs. This study reports, for the first time, the use of external magnetic fields to stimulate mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) to increase the production of vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A). Polyvinylalcohol and gelatin-based scaffolds, containing iron oxide nanoparticles, were designed for optimal cell magnetic stimulation. While the application of static magnetic fields over 24 h did not impact on MSCs proliferation, viability and phenotypic identity, it significantly increased the production of VEGF-A and guided MSCs morphology and alignment. The ability to enhance MSCs angiogenic potential was demonstrated by the increase in the number of new vessels formed in the presence of MSCs conditioned media through in vitro and in vivo models. Ultimately, this study uncovers the potential to manipulate cellular processes through short-term magnetic stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C. Manjua
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB – Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joaquim M. S. Cabral
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB – Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Carla A. M. Portugal
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Frederico Castelo Ferreira
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB – Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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9
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Aguilar AA, Ho MC, Chang E, Carlson KW, Natarajan A, Marciano T, Bomzon Z, Patel CB. Permeabilizing Cell Membranes with Electric Fields. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:2283. [PMID: 34068775 PMCID: PMC8126200 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The biological impact of exogenous, alternating electric fields (AEFs) and direct-current electric fields has a long history of study, ranging from effects on embryonic development to influences on wound healing. In this article, we focus on the application of electric fields for the treatment of cancers. In particular, we outline the clinical impact of tumor treating fields (TTFields), a form of AEFs, on the treatment of cancers such as glioblastoma and mesothelioma. We provide an overview of the standard mechanism of action of TTFields, namely, the capability for AEFs (e.g., TTFields) to disrupt the formation and segregation of the mitotic spindle in actively dividing cells. Though this standard mechanism explains a large part of TTFields' action, it is by no means complete. The standard theory does not account for exogenously applied AEFs' influence directly upon DNA nor upon their capacity to alter the functionality and permeability of cancer cell membranes. This review summarizes the current literature to provide a more comprehensive understanding of AEFs' actions on cell membranes. It gives an overview of three mechanistic models that may explain the more recent observations into AEFs' effects: the voltage-gated ion channel, bioelectrorheological, and electroporation models. Inconsistencies were noted in both effective frequency range and field strength between TTFields versus all three proposed models. We addressed these discrepancies through theoretical investigations into the inhomogeneities of electric fields on cellular membranes as a function of disease state, external microenvironment, and tissue or cellular organization. Lastly, future experimental strategies to validate these findings are outlined. Clinical benefits are inevitably forthcoming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alondra A. Aguilar
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (A.A.A.); (M.C.H.); (E.C.); (A.N.)
| | - Michelle C. Ho
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (A.A.A.); (M.C.H.); (E.C.); (A.N.)
| | - Edwin Chang
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (A.A.A.); (M.C.H.); (E.C.); (A.N.)
| | - Kristen W. Carlson
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA;
| | - Arutselvan Natarajan
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (A.A.A.); (M.C.H.); (E.C.); (A.N.)
| | - Tal Marciano
- Novocure, Ltd., 31905 Haifa, Israel; (T.M.); (Z.B.)
| | - Ze’ev Bomzon
- Novocure, Ltd., 31905 Haifa, Israel; (T.M.); (Z.B.)
| | - Chirag B. Patel
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (A.A.A.); (M.C.H.); (E.C.); (A.N.)
- Department of Neurology & Neurological Sciences, Division of Neuro-Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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10
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Ermakov D, Ermakov A. Memetic approach to cultural evolution. Biosystems 2021; 204:104378. [PMID: 33607224 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2021.104378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Charles Darwin, the founder of the idea of natural selection, believed that this selection is not limited exclusively to biology: changes in language, consciousness, and technology are also adaptive. The transmission of culture is not a human prerogative. To date, several approaches for the understanding of the biological basis of cultural evolution were developed. Memetics stands out among other interdisciplinary theories that consider the development of culture and society through the prism of biological phenomena, because it is based on the concept of the biological replicator, meme and the mechanisms of cultural evolution are understood by analogy with biological evolution. The concepts of the biological and cultural replicators are similar; however, the nature of memes and the specific mechanisms of their replication are still poorly understood. In this review, we consider the strengths and weaknesses of the memetic approach to the study of cultural phenomena in the context of the cultural and technological evolution of mankind.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Ermakov
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, Moscow, 117198, Russia.
| | - Alexander Ermakov
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Biology, Department of Embryology, 1, b. 12 Lenin Hills, Moscow, 119991, Russia; Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova str., 26, Moscow, 119334, Russia; Scientific Center of Children's Health, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Lomonosovsky prospect, 2/62, Moscow, 117296, Moscow, Russia.
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11
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Kundu A, Vangaru S, Bhattacharyya S, Mallick AI, Gupta B. Electromagnetic Irradiation Evokes Physiological and Molecular Alterations in Rice. Bioelectromagnetics 2021; 42:173-185. [PMID: 33427347 DOI: 10.1002/bem.22319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Electromagnetic energy is the "backbone" of wireless communication systems, and its progressive use is considered to have a low but measurable impact on a wide range of biological systems. Even though a growing amount of data has reported electromagnetic energy absorption in humans along with subsequent biological effects, the consequences of electromagnetic energy absorption on plants have been insufficiently addressed. The higher surface to volume ratio along with the enormous water-ion concentrations makes the plant an ideal model to interact with non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation. In this study, controlled and periodic electromagnetic exposure of 1837.50 MHz, 2.75 W/m2 for 6 h a day on a popular rice variety (var. Satabdi) reduced the seed germination rate. The same dose of periodic electromagnetic exposure upregulated phytochrome B and phytochrome C gene transcripts in 12-day-old seedlings, whereas, in 32-day-old plants, the dose upregulated calmodulin and phytochrome C while the bZIP1 gene showed repression. However, the transcript abundance of bZIP1, phytochrome B, and phytochrome C genes was enhanced even in 12-day-old Satabdi seedlings following instantaneous short-duration (2 h 30 min) controlled electromagnetic exposure to 1837.50 MHz, 2.75 W/m2 . The reported responses in rice were observed below the international electromagnetic regulatory limits. Thus, rice plants perceived electromagnetic energy emitted by the wireless communication system as abiotic stress as per its response by upregulation or repression of known stress-sensing genes. Bioelectromagnetics. © 2020 Bioelectromagnetics Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ardhendu Kundu
- Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
| | - Sathish Vangaru
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, West Bengal, India
| | - Somnath Bhattacharyya
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, West Bengal, India
| | - Amirul I Mallick
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, India
| | - Bhaskar Gupta
- Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
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12
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Calcium Phosphate Coating Prepared by Microarc Oxidation Affects hTERT Expression, Molecular Presentation, and Cytokine Secretion in Tumor-Derived Jurkat T Cells. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13194307. [PMID: 32992463 PMCID: PMC7579201 DOI: 10.3390/ma13194307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Calcium phosphate (CaP) materials are among the best bone graft substitutes, but their use in the repair of damaged bone in tumor patients is still unclear. The human Jurkat T lymphoblast leukemia-derived cell line (Jurkat T cells) was exposed in vitro to a titanium (Ti) substrate (10 × 10 × 1 mm3) with a bilateral rough (average roughness index (Ra) = 2–5 μm) CaP coating applied via the microarc oxidation (MAO) technique, and the morphofunctional response of the cells was studied. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscope (EDX) analyses showed voltage-dependent (150–300 V) growth of structural (Ra index, mass, and thickness) and morphological surface and volume elements, a low Ca/PaT ratio (0.3–0.6), and the appearance of crystalline phases of CaHPO4 (monetite) and β-Ca2P2O7 (calcium pyrophosphate). Cell and molecular reactions in 2-day and 14-day cultures differed strongly and correlated with the Ra values. There was significant upregulation of hTERT expression (1.7-fold), IL-17 secretion, the presentation of the activation antigens CD25 (by 2.7%) and CD95 (by 5.15%) on CD4+ cells, and 1.5–2-fold increased cell apoptosis and necrosis after two days of culture. Hyperactivation-dependent death of CD4+ cells triggered by the surface roughness of the CaP coating was proposed. Conversely, a 3.2-fold downregulation in hTERT expression increased the percentages of CD4+ cells and their CD95+ subset (by 15.5% and 22.9%, respectively) and inhibited the secretion of 17 of 27 test cytokines/chemokines without a reduction in Jurkat T cell survival after 14 days of coculture. Thereafter, cell hypoergy and the selection of an hTERT-independent viable CD4+ subset of tumor cells were proposed. The possible role of negative zeta potentials and Ca2+ as effectors of CaP roughness was discussed. The continuous (2–14 days) 1.5–6-fold reductions in the secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) by tumor cells correlated with the Ra values of microarc CaP-coated Ti substrates seems to limit surgical stress-induced metastasis of lymphoid malignancies.
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13
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Zhang B, Song W, Brown J, Nemanich R, Lindsay S. Electronic Conductance Resonance in Non-Redox-Active Proteins. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:6432-6438. [PMID: 32176496 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c01805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Bioelectronics research has mainly focused on redox-active proteins because of their role in biological charge transport. In these proteins, electronic conductance is a maximum when electrons are injected at the known redox potential of the protein. It has been shown recently that many non-redox-active proteins are good electronic conductors, though the mechanism of conduction is not yet understood. Here, we report single-molecule measurements of the conductance of three non-redox-active proteins, maintained under potential control in solution, as a function of electron injection energy. All three proteins show a conductance resonance at a potential ∼0.7 V removed from the nearest oxidation potential of their constituent amino acids. If this shift reflects a reduction of reorganization energy in the interior of the protein, it would account for the long-range conductance observed when carriers are injected into the interior of a protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bintian Zhang
- Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 87287, United States
| | - Weisi Song
- Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 87287, United States
| | - Jesse Brown
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 87287, United States
| | - Robert Nemanich
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 87287, United States
| | - Stuart Lindsay
- Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 87287, United States.,Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 87287, United States.,School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 87287, United States
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Fani N, Hajinasrollah M, Asghari Vostikolaee MH, Baghaban Eslaminejad M, Mashhadiabbas F, Tongas N, Rasoulianboroujeni M, Yadegari A, Ede KF, Tahriri M, Tayebi L. Influence of conductive PEDOT:PSS in a hard tissue scaffold: In vitro and in vivo study. J BIOACT COMPAT POL 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/0883911519881720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The presence of a conductive component in bone scaffolds can be helpful in facilitating the intracellular electrical signaling among cells as well as improving bone healing when electromagnetic stimulation is applied. In this study, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly(4-styrene sulfonate) as a biocompatible conductive polymer was incorporated into a hard tissue scaffold made of gelatin (Gel) and bioactive glass. The in vitro results revealed that incorporation of an optimized amount of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly(4-styrene sulfonate) into the scaffold composition enhanced cell viability more than four times after 14 days incubation, compared to the scaffold without poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly(4-styrene sulfonate). The in vivo studies demonstrated the amount of new bone formation of Gel/bioactive glass/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly(4-styrene sulfonate) scaffolds was significantly higher than the Gel/bioactive glass scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Fani
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Hajinasrollah
- Animal Core Facility, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - MH Asghari Vostikolaee
- Animal Core Facility, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Baghaban Eslaminejad
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - F Mashhadiabbas
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti Medical Science University, Tehran, Iran
| | - N Tongas
- School of Dentistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | | | - A Yadegari
- School of Dentistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - KF Ede
- Environmental Science Graduate Program, Oklahoma State University, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - M Tahriri
- School of Dentistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - L Tayebi
- School of Dentistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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15
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Průcha J, Skopalik J, Socha V, Hanáková L, Knopfová L, Hána K. Two types of high inductive electromagnetic stimulation and their different effects on endothelial cells. Physiol Res 2019; 68:611-622. [DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Effects of low-frequency electromagnetic fields (LF EMF) on the activation of different tissue recovery processes have not yet been fully understood. The detailed quantification of LF EMF effects on the angiogenesis were analysed in our experiments by using cultured human and mouse endothelial cells. Two types of fields were used in the tests as follows: the LF EMF with rectangular pulses, 340-microsecond mode at a frequency of 72 Hz and peak intensity 4 mT, and the LF EMF with sinusoidal alternating waveform 5 000 Hz, amplitude-modulated by means of a special interference spectrum mode set to a frequency linear sweep from 1 to 100 Hz for 6 s and from 100 Hz to 1 Hz return also for 6 s, swing period of 12 second. Basic parameters of cultured cells measured after the LF EMF stimulus were viability and proliferation acceleration. Both types of endothelial cells (mouse and human ones) displayed significant changes in the proliferation after the application of the LF EMF under conditions of a rectangular pulse mode. Based on the results, another test of the stimulation on a more complex endothelial-fibroblast coculture model will be the future step of the investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - L. Hanáková
- Department of Information and Communication Technologies in Medicine, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Kladno, Czech Republic.
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16
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Marycz K, Kornicka K, Röcken M. Static Magnetic Field (SMF) as a Regulator of Stem Cell Fate - New Perspectives in Regenerative Medicine Arising from an Underestimated Tool. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2019; 14:785-792. [PMID: 30225821 PMCID: PMC6223715 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-018-9847-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineering and stem cell-based therapies are one of the most rapidly developing fields in medical sciences. Therefore, much attention has been paid to the development of new drug-delivery systems characterized by low cytotoxicity, high efficiency and controlled release. One of the possible strategies to achieve these goals is the application of magnetic field and/or magnetic nanoparticles, which have been shown to exert a wide range of effects on cellular metabolism. Static magnetic field (SMF) has been commonly used in medicine as a tool to increase wound healing, bone regeneration and as a component of magnetic resonance technique. However, recent data shed light on deeper mechanism of SMF action on physiological properties of different cell populations, including stem cells. In the present review, we focused on SMF effects on stem cell biology and its possible application as a tool for controlled drug delivery. We also highlighted the perspectives, in which SMF can be used in future therapies in tissue engineering due to its easy application and a wide range of possible effects on cells and organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Marycz
- Department of Experimental Biology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 27B, Wrocław, Poland. .,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Equine Clinic - Equine Surgery, Justus-Liebig-University, 35392, Gießen, Germany.
| | - K Kornicka
- Department of Experimental Biology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 27B, Wrocław, Poland
| | - M Röcken
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Equine Clinic - Equine Surgery, Justus-Liebig-University, 35392, Gießen, Germany
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17
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Huang X, Das R, Patel A, Nguyen TD. Physical Stimulations for Bone and Cartilage Regeneration. REGENERATIVE ENGINEERING AND TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2018; 4:216-237. [PMID: 30740512 PMCID: PMC6366645 DOI: 10.1007/s40883-018-0064-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A wide range of techniques and methods are actively invented by clinicians and scientists who are dedicated to the field of musculoskeletal tissue regeneration. Biological, chemical, and physiological factors, which play key roles in musculoskeletal tissue development, have been extensively explored. However, physical stimulation is increasingly showing extreme importance in the processes of osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation, proliferation and maturation through defined dose parameters including mode, frequency, magnitude, and duration of stimuli. Studies have shown manipulation of physical microenvironment is an indispensable strategy for the repair and regeneration of bone and cartilage, and biophysical cues could profoundly promote their regeneration. In this article, we review recent literature on utilization of physical stimulation, such as mechanical forces (cyclic strain, fluid shear stress, etc.), electrical and magnetic fields, ultrasound, shock waves, substrate stimuli, etc., to promote the repair and regeneration of bone and cartilage tissue. Emphasis is placed on the mechanism of cellular response and the potential clinical usage of these stimulations for bone and cartilage regeneration.
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18
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Belpomme D, Hardell L, Belyaev I, Burgio E, Carpenter DO. Thermal and non-thermal health effects of low intensity non-ionizing radiation: An international perspective. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 242:643-658. [PMID: 30025338 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to low frequency and radiofrequency electromagnetic fields at low intensities poses a significant health hazard that has not been adequately addressed by national and international organizations such as the World Health Organization. There is strong evidence that excessive exposure to mobile phone-frequencies over long periods of time increases the risk of brain cancer both in humans and animals. The mechanism(s) responsible include induction of reactive oxygen species, gene expression alteration and DNA damage through both epigenetic and genetic processes. In vivo and in vitro studies demonstrate adverse effects on male and female reproduction, almost certainly due to generation of reactive oxygen species. There is increasing evidence the exposures can result in neurobehavioral decrements and that some individuals develop a syndrome of "electro-hypersensitivity" or "microwave illness", which is one of several syndromes commonly categorized as "idiopathic environmental intolerance". While the symptoms are non-specific, new biochemical indicators and imaging techniques allow diagnosis that excludes the symptoms as being only psychosomatic. Unfortunately standards set by most national and international bodies are not protective of human health. This is a particular concern in children, given the rapid expansion of use of wireless technologies, the greater susceptibility of the developing nervous system, the hyperconductivity of their brain tissue, the greater penetration of radiofrequency radiation relative to head size and their potential for a longer lifetime exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Belpomme
- European Cancer Environment Research Institute, Brussels, Belgium; Paris V University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Lennart Hardell
- European Cancer Environment Research Institute, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Oncology, Orebro University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Orebro, Sweden
| | - Igor Belyaev
- European Cancer Environment Research Institute, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Radiobiology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Science, Bratislava, Slovak Republic; Laboratory of Radiobiology, Institute of General Physics, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Ernesto Burgio
- European Cancer Environment Research Institute, Brussels, Belgium; Instituto Scientifico Biomedico Euro Mediterraneo, Mesagne, Italy
| | - David O Carpenter
- European Cancer Environment Research Institute, Brussels, Belgium; Institute for Health and the Environment, University at Albany, Albany, NY, USA; Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Faculty of Medicine, Brisbane, Australia.
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19
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Wang Y, Sun X, Wang Q, Yang J, Gong P, Man Y, Zhang J. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of porous chitosan electret membrane for bone regeneration. J BIOACT COMPAT POL 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/0883911518774814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A porous chitosan electret membrane, possessing a three-dimensional porous structure and surface charges, was developed using thermally induced phase separation method and grid-controlled corona charging. Results showed that surface charge release of porous electret membrane could be altered by varying charging voltage. Rat osteoblasts adhered well, and cell proliferation and differentiation were enhanced by porous electret membrane compared to porous uncharged membrane. Furthermore, rabbit calvarial defects model demonstrated that porous electret membrane promoted bone regeneration more significantly than porous uncharged membrane. Therefore, the porous chitosan electret membrane might be a promising material for bone regeneration and bone tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanying Wang
- Department of Oral Implantology, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, Hospital of Stomatology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaodi Sun
- Department of Oral Implantology, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, Hospital of Stomatology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qingfu Wang
- Department of Oral Implantology, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, Hospital of Stomatology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Oral Implantology, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, Hospital of Stomatology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ping Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Man
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Oral Implantology, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, Hospital of Stomatology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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20
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Maliszewska J, Marciniak P, Kletkiewicz H, Wyszkowska J, Nowakowska A, Rogalska J. Electromagnetic field exposure (50 Hz) impairs response to noxious heat in American cockroach. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 2018; 204:605-611. [PMID: 29721708 PMCID: PMC5966488 DOI: 10.1007/s00359-018-1264-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to electromagnetic field (EMF) induces physiological changes in organism that are observed at different levels—from biochemical processes to behavior. In this study, we evaluated the effect of EMF exposure (50 Hz, 7 mT) on cockroach’s response to noxious heat, measured as the latency to escape from high ambient temperature. We also measured the levels of lipid peroxidation and glutathione content as markers of oxidative balance in cockroaches exposed to EMF. Our results showed that exposure to EMF for 24, 72 h and 7 days significantly increases the latency to escape from noxious heat. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels increased significantly after 24-h EMF exposure and remained elevated up to 7 days of exposure. Glutathione levels significantly declined in cockroaches exposed to EMF for 7 days. These results demonstrate that EMF exposure is a considerable stress factor that affects oxidative state and heat perception in American cockroach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Maliszewska
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University, ul. Lwowska 1, 87-100, Toruń, Poland.
| | | | - Hanna Kletkiewicz
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University, ul. Lwowska 1, 87-100, Toruń, Poland
| | - Joanna Wyszkowska
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Anna Nowakowska
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University, ul. Lwowska 1, 87-100, Toruń, Poland
| | - Justyna Rogalska
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University, ul. Lwowska 1, 87-100, Toruń, Poland
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21
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López-Lázaro M. The stem cell division theory of cancer. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2018; 123:95-113. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2018.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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22
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Meijer DKF, Geesink HJH. Favourable and Unfavourable EMF Frequency Patterns in Cancer: Perspectives for Improved Therapy and Prevention. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.4236/jct.2018.93019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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23
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Tyler SEB. Nature's Electric Potential: A Systematic Review of the Role of Bioelectricity in Wound Healing and Regenerative Processes in Animals, Humans, and Plants. Front Physiol 2017; 8:627. [PMID: 28928669 PMCID: PMC5591378 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural endogenous voltage gradients not only predict and correlate with growth and development but also drive wound healing and regeneration processes. This review summarizes the existing literature for the nature, sources, and transmission of information-bearing bioelectric signals involved in controlling wound healing and regeneration in animals, humans, and plants. It emerges that some bioelectric characteristics occur ubiquitously in a range of animal and plant species. However, the limits of similarities are probed to give a realistic assessment of future areas to be explored. Major gaps remain in our knowledge of the mechanistic basis for these processes, on which regenerative therapies ultimately depend. In relation to this, it is concluded that the mapping of voltage patterns and the processes generating them is a promising future research focus, to probe three aspects: the role of wound/regeneration currents in relation to morphology; the role of endogenous flux changes in driving wound healing and regeneration; and the mapping of patterns in organisms of extreme longevity, in contrast with the aberrant voltage patterns underlying impaired healing, to inform interventions aimed at restoring them.
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24
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Tamrin SH, Majedi FS, Tondar M, Sanati-Nezhad A, Hasani-Sadrabadi MM. Electromagnetic Fields and Stem Cell Fate: When Physics Meets Biology. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 171:63-97. [PMID: 27515674 DOI: 10.1007/112_2016_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Controlling stem cell (SC) fate is an extremely important topic in the realm of SC research. A variety of different external cues mainly mechanical, chemical, or electrical stimulations individually or in combination have been incorporated to control SC fate. Here, we will deconstruct the probable relationship between the functioning of electromagnetic (EMF) and SC fate of a variety of different SCs. The electromagnetic (EM) nature of the cells is discussed with the emphasis on the effects of EMF on the determinant factors that directly and/or indirectly influence cell fate. Based on the EM effects on a variety of cellular processes, it is believed that EMFs can be engineered to provide a controlled signal with the highest impact on the SC fate decision. Considering the novelty and broad applications of applying EMFs to change SC fate, it is necessary to shed light on many unclear mechanisms underlying this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Hassanpour Tamrin
- Center of Excellence in Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mahdi Tondar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, School of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Amir Sanati-Nezhad
- BioMEMS and BioInspired Microfluidic Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Center for Bioengineering Research and Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N1N4.
| | - Mohammad Mahdi Hasani-Sadrabadi
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience and G.W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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25
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Arjmand M, Ardeshirylajimi A, Maghsoudi H, Azadian E. Osteogenic differentiation potential of mesenchymal stem cells cultured on nanofibrous scaffold improved in the presence of pulsed electromagnetic field. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:1061-1070. [PMID: 28419435 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, tissue engineering by using stem cells in combination with scaffolds and bioactive molecules has made significant contributions to the regeneration of damaged bone tissues. Since the usage of bioactive molecules including, growth factors to induce differentiation is safety limited in clinical applications, and it has also been previously observed that extremely low frequency pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF) can be effective in the enhancement of proliferation rate and osteogenic differentiation of stem cells, the aim of this study was investigating the osteoinductive potential of PEMF in combination with Poly(caprolactone) (PCL) nanofibrous scaffold. To achieve this aim, Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) isolated and characterized and then osteogenic differentiation of them was investigated after culturing on the surface of PCL scaffold under treatments of PEMF, PEMF plus osteogenic medium (OM) and OM. Analysis of common osteogenic markers such as Alizarin red staining, ALP activity, calcium content and four important bone-related genes in days of 7, 14, and 21 confirmed that the effects of PEMF on the osteogenic differentiation of ADSCs are very similar to the effects of osteogenic medium. Thus, regarding the immunological concerns about the application of bioactive molecules for tissue engineering, PEMF could be a good alternative for osteogenic medium. Although, results were showed a synergetic effect for simultaneous application of PEMF and PCL scaffold in the osteogenesis process of ADSCs. Taking together, ADSCs-seeded PCL nanofibrous scaffold in combination with PEMF could be a great option for use in bone tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monireh Arjmand
- Department of Biology, Payame Noor University (PNU), Tehran, Iran.,Stem Cell Technology Research Center, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdolreza Ardeshirylajimi
- Department of Tissue engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Maghsoudi
- Department of Biotechnology, Payame Noor University (PNU), Tehran, Iran
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26
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Tuszynski JA, Wenger C, Friesen DE, Preto J. An Overview of Sub-Cellular Mechanisms Involved in the Action of TTFields. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:E1128. [PMID: 27845746 PMCID: PMC5129338 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13111128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2016] [Revised: 10/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Long-standing research on electric and electromagnetic field interactions with biological cells and their subcellular structures has mainly focused on the low- and high-frequency regimes. Biological effects at intermediate frequencies between 100 and 300 kHz have been recently discovered and applied to cancer cells as a therapeutic modality called Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields). TTFields are clinically applied to disrupt cell division, primarily for the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). In this review, we provide an assessment of possible physical interactions between 100 kHz range alternating electric fields and biological cells in general and their nano-scale subcellular structures in particular. This is intended to mechanistically elucidate the observed strong disruptive effects in cancer cells. Computational models of isolated cells subject to TTFields predict that for intermediate frequencies the intracellular electric field strength significantly increases and that peak dielectrophoretic forces develop in dividing cells. These findings are in agreement with in vitro observations of TTFields' disruptive effects on cellular function. We conclude that the most likely candidates to provide a quantitative explanation of these effects are ionic condensation waves around microtubules as well as dielectrophoretic effects on the dipole moments of microtubules. A less likely possibility is the involvement of actin filaments or ion channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack A Tuszynski
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada.
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada.
| | - Cornelia Wenger
- The Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa 1749-016, Portugal.
| | - Douglas E Friesen
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada.
| | - Jordane Preto
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada.
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27
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Ross CL. The use of electric, magnetic, and electromagnetic field for directed cell migration and adhesion in regenerative medicine. Biotechnol Prog 2016; 33:5-16. [PMID: 27797153 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Directed cell migration and adhesion is essential to embryonic development, tissue formation and wound healing. For decades it has been reported that electric field (EF), magnetic field (MF) and electromagnetic field (EMF) can play important roles in determining cell differentiation, migration, adhesion, and evenwound healing. Combinations of these techniques have revealed new and exciting explanations for how cells move and adhere to surfaces; how the migration of multiple cells are coordinated and regulated; how cellsinteract with neighboring cells, and also to changes in their microenvironment. In some cells, speed and direction are voltage dependent. Data suggests that the use of EF, MF and EMF could advance techniques in regenerative medicine, tissue engineering and wound healing. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 33:5-16, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina L Ross
- The Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest Center for Integrative Medicine, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC
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28
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Harutyunyan H, Mkrtchyan V, Sukiasyan K, Sahakyan G, Poghosyan G, Soghomonyan A, Cherniavsky E, Bondarenko E, Shkumatov V. Effect of in vivo and in vitro exposure to electrostatic field on some hematological parameters in rats. Bioelectromagnetics 2016; 37:513-526. [PMID: 27530776 DOI: 10.1002/bem.22000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the external electrostatic field (ESF) on some hematological parameters in rats. Both in vivo and in vitro experiments were carried out. In in vivo investigations, rats were exposed to ESF (200 kV/m) during short (1 h) and long periods (6 days, 6 h daily). For in vitro study, the blood of intact rats was exposed to ESF for 1 h. Blood hematology was measured using validated ABX Micros ESV 60 Veterinary Hematology Analyzer. DNA damage in blood leucocytes was detected by means of comet assay. ESF effect on blood cell count was mainly manifested in white blood cells (WBC) and platelets. Damage of WBC was shown both in vitro and in vivo despite alterations in the count. This means the observed increase in WBC count in some cases might be a result of WBC compensatory mobilization from the bone marrow. Red blood cell (RBC) count and related parameters were slightly affected by ESF. Nevertheless, alterations in the shape and size of RBC were manifested. All ESF effects were extinguished in 14 days after the end of exposure. Bioelectromagnetics. 37:513-526, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayk Harutyunyan
- Laboratory of Biochemical and Biophysical Investigations, Scientific-Research Centre, Yerevan State Medical University After Mkhitar Heratsi, Yerevan, Republic of Armenia.,Laboratory of Adenyline Compaunds Metabolism, H. Buniatian Institute of Biochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Republic of Armenia, Yerevan, Republic of Armenia
| | - Vahe Mkrtchyan
- Chair of Therapy Clinical Diagnostics and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Husbandry, Armenian National Agrarian University, Yerevan, Republic of Armenia
| | - Karine Sukiasyan
- Chair of Therapy Clinical Diagnostics and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Husbandry, Armenian National Agrarian University, Yerevan, Republic of Armenia
| | - Gohar Sahakyan
- Laboratory of Biochemical and Biophysical Investigations, Scientific-Research Centre, Yerevan State Medical University After Mkhitar Heratsi, Yerevan, Republic of Armenia
| | - Gayane Poghosyan
- Laboratory of Biochemical and Biophysical Investigations, Scientific-Research Centre, Yerevan State Medical University After Mkhitar Heratsi, Yerevan, Republic of Armenia
| | - Ani Soghomonyan
- Laboratory of Biochemical and Biophysical Investigations, Scientific-Research Centre, Yerevan State Medical University After Mkhitar Heratsi, Yerevan, Republic of Armenia
| | - Eugene Cherniavsky
- Laboratory of Biochemistry of Drugs, Research Institute for Physical Chemical Problems, Belarusian State University, Minsk, Republic of Belarus
| | - Ekaterina Bondarenko
- Laboratory of Biochemistry of Drugs, Research Institute for Physical Chemical Problems, Belarusian State University, Minsk, Republic of Belarus
| | - Vladimir Shkumatov
- Laboratory of Biochemistry of Drugs, Research Institute for Physical Chemical Problems, Belarusian State University, Minsk, Republic of Belarus
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Maziarz A, Kocan B, Bester M, Budzik S, Cholewa M, Ochiya T, Banas A. How electromagnetic fields can influence adult stem cells: positive and negative impacts. Stem Cell Res Ther 2016; 7:54. [PMID: 27086866 PMCID: PMC4834823 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-016-0312-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The electromagnetic field (EMF) has a great impact on our body. It has been successfully used in physiotherapy for the treatment of bone disorders and osteoarthritis, as well as for cartilage regeneration or pain reduction. Recently, EMFs have also been applied in in vitro experiments on cell/stem cell cultures. Stem cells reside in almost all tissues within the human body, where they exhibit various potential. These cells are of great importance because they control homeostasis, regeneration, and healing. Nevertheless, stem cells when become cancer stem cells, may influence the pathological condition. In this article we review the current knowledge on the effects of EMFs on human adult stem cell biology, such as proliferation, the cell cycle, or differentiation. We present the characteristics of the EMFs used in miscellaneous assays. Most research has so far been performed during osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. It has been demonstrated that the effects of EMF stimulation depend on the intensity and frequency of the EMF and the time of exposure to it. However, other factors may affect these processes, such as growth factors, reactive oxygen species, and so forth. Exploration of this research area may enhance the development of EMF-based technologies used in medical applications and thereby improve stem cell-based therapy and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Maziarz
- Laboratory of Stem Cells' Biology, Department of Immunology, Chair of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rzeszow, ul. Kopisto 2a, 35-310, Rzeszow, Poland.,Centre for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rzeszow, ul. Warzywna 1a, 35-310, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Beata Kocan
- Laboratory of Stem Cells' Biology, Department of Immunology, Chair of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rzeszow, ul. Kopisto 2a, 35-310, Rzeszow, Poland.,Centre for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rzeszow, ul. Warzywna 1a, 35-310, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Mariusz Bester
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, ul. Pigonia 1, 35-310, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Sylwia Budzik
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, ul. Pigonia 1, 35-310, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Marian Cholewa
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, ul. Pigonia 1, 35-310, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Takahiro Ochiya
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, 104-0045, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Agnieszka Banas
- Laboratory of Stem Cells' Biology, Department of Immunology, Chair of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rzeszow, ul. Kopisto 2a, 35-310, Rzeszow, Poland. .,Centre for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rzeszow, ul. Warzywna 1a, 35-310, Rzeszow, Poland.
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Sarbazvatan S, Sardari D, Taheri N, Sepanloo K. Response of single cell with acute angle exposed to an external electric field. Med Eng Phys 2015; 37:1015-9. [PMID: 26307458 DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
It is known that the electric field incurs effects on the living cells. Predicting the response of single cell or multilayer cells to induced alternative or static eclectic field has permanently been a challenge. In the present study a first order single cell with acute angle under the influence of external electric field is considered. The cell division stage or the special condition of reshaping is modelled with a cone being connected. In the case of cell divisions, anaphase, it can be considered with two cones that connected nose-to-nose. Each cone consists of two regions. The first is the membrane modelled with a superficial layer, and the second is cytoplasm at the core. A Laplace equation is written for this model and the distribution of its electric field is a sharp point in the single cell for which an acute angle model is calculated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saber Sarbazvatan
- Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto- Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal .
| | - Dariush Sardari
- Plasma Physics Building, Islamic Azad University, Science & Research Branch, Tehran, P.O. Box 14515-775, Iran
| | - Nahid Taheri
- Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto- Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Kamran Sepanloo
- Reactor & Accelerators Research and Development School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute (NSTRI), End of North Karegar Street, P.O. Box 14395-836, Tehran, Iran
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31
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Ross CL, Siriwardane M, Almeida-Porada G, Porada CD, Brink P, Christ GJ, Harrison BS. The effect of low-frequency electromagnetic field on human bone marrow stem/progenitor cell differentiation. Stem Cell Res 2015; 15:96-108. [PMID: 26042793 PMCID: PMC4516580 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2015.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Revised: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSCs, also known as bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells) are a population of progenitor cells that contain a subset of skeletal stem cells (hSSCs), able to recreate cartilage, bone, stroma that supports hematopoiesis and marrow adipocytes. As such, they have become an important resource in developing strategies for regenerative medicine and tissue engineering due to their self-renewal and differentiation capabilities. The differentiation of SSCs/BMSCs is dependent on exposure to biophysical and biochemical stimuli that favor early and rapid activation of the in vivo tissue repair process. Exposure to exogenous stimuli such as an electromagnetic field (EMF) can promote differentiation of SSCs/BMSCs via ion dynamics and small signaling molecules. The plasma membrane is often considered to be the main target for EMF signals and most results point to an effect on the rate of ion or ligand binding due to a receptor site acting as a modulator of signaling cascades. Ion fluxes are closely involved in differentiation control as stem cells move and grow in specific directions to form tissues and organs. EMF affects numerous biological functions such as gene expression, cell fate, and cell differentiation, but will only induce these effects within a certain range of low frequencies as well as low amplitudes. EMF has been reported to be effective in the enhancement of osteogenesis and chondrogenesis of hSSCs/BMSCs with no documented negative effects. Studies show specific EMF frequencies enhance hSSC/BMSC adherence, proliferation, differentiation, and viability, all of which play a key role in the use of hSSCs/BMSCs for tissue engineering. While many EMF studies report significant enhancement of the differentiation process, results differ depending on the experimental and environmental conditions. Here we review how specific EMF parameters (frequency, intensity, and time of exposure) significantly regulate hSSC/BMSC differentiation in vitro. We discuss optimal conditions and parameters for effective hSSC/BMSC differentiation using EMF treatment in an in vivo setting, and how these can be translated to clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina L Ross
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, USA; Wake Forest Center for Integrative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd., Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | | | | | | | - Peter Brink
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
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Chervyakov AV, Chernyavsky AY, Sinitsyn DO, Piradov MA. Possible Mechanisms Underlying the Therapeutic Effects of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation. Front Hum Neurosci 2015; 9:303. [PMID: 26136672 PMCID: PMC4468834 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2015.00303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is an effective method used to diagnose and treat many neurological disorders. Although repetitive TMS (rTMS) has been used to treat a variety of serious pathological conditions including stroke, depression, Parkinson’s disease, epilepsy, pain, and migraines, the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the effects of long-term TMS remain unclear. In the present review, the effects of rTMS on neurotransmitters and synaptic plasticity are described, including the classic interpretations of TMS effects on synaptic plasticity via long-term potentiation and long-term depression. We also discuss the effects of rTMS on the genetic apparatus of neurons, glial cells, and the prevention of neuronal death. The neurotrophic effects of rTMS on dendritic growth and sprouting and neurotrophic factors are described, including change in brain-derived neurotrophic factor concentration under the influence of rTMS. Also, non-classical effects of TMS related to biophysical effects of magnetic fields are described, including the quantum effects, the magnetic spin effects, genetic magnetoreception, the macromolecular effects of TMS, and the electromagnetic theory of consciousness. Finally, we discuss possible interpretations of TMS effects according to dynamical systems theory. Evidence suggests that a rTMS-induced magnetic field should be considered a separate physical factor that can be impactful at the subatomic level and that rTMS is capable of significantly altering the reactivity of molecules (radicals). It is thought that these factors underlie the therapeutic benefits of therapy with TMS. Future research on these mechanisms will be instrumental to the development of more powerful and reliable TMS treatment protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrey Yu Chernyavsky
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Russian Academy of Sciences , Moscow , Russia ; Faculty of Computational Mathematics and Cybernetics, Moscow State University , Moscow , Russia
| | - Dmitry O Sinitsyn
- Research Center of Neurology , Moscow , Russia ; Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences , Moscow , Russia
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33
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Chervyakov AV, Chernyavsky AY, Sinitsyn DO, Piradov MA. Possible Mechanisms Underlying the Therapeutic Effects of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation. Front Hum Neurosci 2015. [PMID: 26136672 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2015.00303.e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is an effective method used to diagnose and treat many neurological disorders. Although repetitive TMS (rTMS) has been used to treat a variety of serious pathological conditions including stroke, depression, Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, pain, and migraines, the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the effects of long-term TMS remain unclear. In the present review, the effects of rTMS on neurotransmitters and synaptic plasticity are described, including the classic interpretations of TMS effects on synaptic plasticity via long-term potentiation and long-term depression. We also discuss the effects of rTMS on the genetic apparatus of neurons, glial cells, and the prevention of neuronal death. The neurotrophic effects of rTMS on dendritic growth and sprouting and neurotrophic factors are described, including change in brain-derived neurotrophic factor concentration under the influence of rTMS. Also, non-classical effects of TMS related to biophysical effects of magnetic fields are described, including the quantum effects, the magnetic spin effects, genetic magnetoreception, the macromolecular effects of TMS, and the electromagnetic theory of consciousness. Finally, we discuss possible interpretations of TMS effects according to dynamical systems theory. Evidence suggests that a rTMS-induced magnetic field should be considered a separate physical factor that can be impactful at the subatomic level and that rTMS is capable of significantly altering the reactivity of molecules (radicals). It is thought that these factors underlie the therapeutic benefits of therapy with TMS. Future research on these mechanisms will be instrumental to the development of more powerful and reliable TMS treatment protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrey Yu Chernyavsky
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Russian Academy of Sciences , Moscow , Russia ; Faculty of Computational Mathematics and Cybernetics, Moscow State University , Moscow , Russia
| | - Dmitry O Sinitsyn
- Research Center of Neurology , Moscow , Russia ; Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences , Moscow , Russia
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34
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Yamaguchi S, Aoki N, Kitajima T, Okamura Y, Homma KJ. Expression of the voltage-sensing phosphatase gene in the chick embryonic tissues and in the adult cerebellum. Commun Integr Biol 2014; 7:970502. [PMID: 26843905 PMCID: PMC4594614 DOI: 10.4161/19420889.2014.970502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Voltage-sensing phosphatase (VSP) consists of a transmembrane voltage sensor domain (VSD)
and the cytoplasmic domain with phosphoinositide-phosphatase activities. It operates as
the voltage sensor and directly translates membrane potential into phosphoinositide
turnover by coupling VSD to the cytoplasmic domain. VSPs are evolutionarily conserved from
marine invertebrate up to humans. Recently, we demonstrated that ectopic expression of the
chick ortholog of VSP, Gg-VSP, in a fibroblast cell line caused characteristic cell
process outgrowths. Co-expression of chick PTEN suppressed such morphological change,
suggesting that VSP regulates cell shape by increasing PI(3,4)P2. However, the
in vivo function of Gg-VSP remains unclear. Here, we showed that in
chick embryos Gg-VSP is expressed in the stomach, mesonephros, pharyngeal arch, limb bud,
somites, floor plate of neural tube, and notochord. In addition, both Gg-VSP transcripts
and the protein were found in the cerebellar Purkinje neurons. These findings provide an
insight into the physiological functions of VSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Yamaguchi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Department of Life and Health Sciences ; Teikyo University ; Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoya Aoki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Department of Life and Health Sciences ; Teikyo University ; Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takaaki Kitajima
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Department of Life and Health Sciences ; Teikyo University ; Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasushi Okamura
- Laboratory of Integrative Physiology; Graduate School of Medicine; Osaka University; Osaka, Japan; Graduate School of Frontier Bioscience; Osaka University; Osaka, Japan
| | - Koichi J Homma
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Department of Life and Health Sciences ; Teikyo University ; Tokyo, Japan
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35
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Rouleau N, Dotta BT. Electromagnetic fields as structure-function zeitgebers in biological systems: environmental orchestrations of morphogenesis and consciousness. Front Integr Neurosci 2014; 8:84. [PMID: 25426035 PMCID: PMC4224074 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2014.00084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Within a cell system structure dictates function. Any interaction between cells, or a cell and its environment, has the potential to have long term implications on the function of a given cell and emerging cell aggregates. The structure and function of cells are continuously subjected to modification by electrical and chemical stimuli. However, biological systems are also subjected to an ever-present influence: the electromagnetic (EM) environment. Biological systems have the potential to be influenced by subtle energies which are exchanged at atomic and subatomic scales as EM phenomena. These energy exchanges have the potential to manifest at higher orders of discourse and affect the output (behavior) of a biological system. Here we describe theoretical and experimental evidence of EM influence on cells and the integration of whole systems. Even weak interactions between EM energies and biological systems display the potential to affect a developing system. We suggest the growing literature of EM effects on biological systems has significant implications to the cell and its functional aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Rouleau
- Behavioural Neuroscience Program, Laurentian UniversitySudbury, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Laurentian UniversitySudbury, ON, Canada
| | - Blake T. Dotta
- Behavioural Neuroscience Program, Laurentian UniversitySudbury, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Laurentian UniversitySudbury, ON, Canada
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Laurentian UniversitySudbury, ON, Canada
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36
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Friesen DE, Craddock TJA, Kalra AP, Tuszynski JA. Biological wires, communication systems, and implications for disease. Biosystems 2014; 127:14-27. [PMID: 25448891 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2014.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Revised: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Microtubules, actin, and collagen are macromolecular structures that compose a large percentage of the proteins in the human body, helping form and maintain both intracellular and extracellular structure. They are biological wires and are structurally connected through various other proteins. Microtubules (MTs) have been theorized to be involved in classical and quantum information processing, and evidence continues to suggest possible semiconduction through MTs. The previous Dendritic Cytoskeleton Information Processing Model has hypothesized how MTs and actin form a communication network in neurons. Here, we review information transfer possibilities involving MTs, actin, and collagen, and the evidence of an organism-wide high-speed communication network that may regulate morphogenesis and cellular proliferation. The direct and indirect evidence in support of this hypothesis, and implications for chronic diseases such as cancer and neurodegenerative diseases are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas E Friesen
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1Z2, Canada
| | - Travis J A Craddock
- Center for Psychological Studies, Graduate School of Computer and Information Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, FL 33314, USA; Clinical Systems Biology Group, Institute for Neuro-Immune Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA
| | - Aarat P Kalra
- Department of Chemistry, Dayalbagh Educational Institute, Agra 282005, India
| | - Jack A Tuszynski
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1Z2, Canada; Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada.
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37
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Spudich JL. A molecular voltmeter based on fluorescence dynamics. Biophys J 2014; 106:497-9. [PMID: 24507590 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2013.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Revised: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- John L Spudich
- Center for Membrane Biology, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical School, Houston, Texas.
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38
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Mustard J, Levin M. Bioelectrical Mechanisms for Programming Growth and Form: Taming Physiological Networks for Soft Body Robotics. Soft Robot 2014. [DOI: 10.1089/soro.2014.0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Mustard
- Department of Biology and Center for Regenerative and Developmental Biology, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts
| | - Michael Levin
- Department of Biology and Center for Regenerative and Developmental Biology, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts
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39
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Jin G, Yang GH, Kim G. Tissue engineering bioreactor systems for applying physical and electrical stimulations to cells. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2014; 103:935-48. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2014] [Revised: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- GyuHyun Jin
- Department of Biomechatronic Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering; Sungkyunkwan University; Suwon South Korea
| | - Gi-Hoon Yang
- Department of Biomechatronic Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering; Sungkyunkwan University; Suwon South Korea
| | - GeunHyung Kim
- Department of Biomechatronic Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering; Sungkyunkwan University; Suwon South Korea
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40
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Effects of pulsed electromagnetic field on differentiation of HUES-17 human embryonic stem cell line. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:14180-90. [PMID: 25196518 PMCID: PMC4159845 DOI: 10.3390/ijms150814180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Electromagnetic fields are considered to potentially affect embryonic development, but the mechanism is still unknown. In this study, human embryonic stem cell (hESC) line HUES-17 was applied to explore the mechanism of exposure on embryonic development to pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) for 400 pulses at different electric field intensities and the differentiation of HUES-17 cells was observed after PEMF exposure. The expression of alkaline phosphatase (AP), stage-specific embryonic antigen-3 (SSEA-3), SSEA-4 and the mRNA level and protein level of Oct4, Sox2 and Nanog in HUES-17 cells remained unchanged after PEMF exposure at the electric field intensities of 50, 100, 200 or 400 kV/m. Four hundred pulses PEMF exposure at the electric field intensities of 50, 100, 200 or 400 kV/m did not affect the differentiation of HUES-17 cells. The reason why electromagnetic fields affect embryonic development may be due to other mechanisms rather than affecting the differentiation of embryonic stem cells.
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41
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Tyler SEB. The Work Surfaces of Morphogenesis: The Role of the Morphogenetic Field. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13752-014-0177-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Zimmerman J, Parameswaran R, Tian B. Nanoscale Semiconductor Devices as New Biomaterials. Biomater Sci 2014; 2:619-626. [PMID: 27213041 PMCID: PMC4874554 DOI: 10.1039/c3bm60280j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Research on nanoscale semiconductor devices will elicit a novel understanding of biological systems. First, we discuss why it is necessary to build interfaces between cells and semiconductor nanoelectronics. Second, we describe some recent molecular biophysics studies with nanowire field effect transistor sensors. Third, we present the use of nanowire transistors as electrical recording devices that can be integrated into synthetic tissues and targeted intra- or extracellularly to study single cells. Lastly, we discuss future directions and challenges in further developing this area of research, which will advance biology and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Zimmerman
- Department of Chemistry, James Franck Institute, and the Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Ramya Parameswaran
- Biophysical Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Bozhi Tian
- Department of Chemistry, James Franck Institute, and the Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
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43
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Tahmasbi Rad A, Ali N, Kotturi HSR, Yazdimamaghani M, Smay J, Vashaee D, Tayebi L. Conducting scaffolds for liver tissue engineering. J Biomed Mater Res A 2014; 102:4169-81. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2013] [Revised: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Armin Tahmasbi Rad
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Helmerich Advanced Technology Research Center; Oklahoma State University; Tulsa Oklahoma 74105
| | - Naushad Ali
- Department of Internal Medicine; Section of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center; 975 NE 10th Street Oklahoma City Oklahoma 73104
| | - Hari Shankar R. Kotturi
- Department of Biology; University of Central Oklahoma; 100 North University Drive; Edmond Oklahoma 73034
| | | | - Jim Smay
- School of Chemical Engineering; Oklahoma State University; Stillwater Oklahoma 74078
| | - Daryoosh Vashaee
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering; Helmerich Advanced Technology Research Center; Oklahoma State University; Tulsa Oklahoma 74105
| | - Lobat Tayebi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Helmerich Advanced Technology Research Center; Oklahoma State University; Tulsa Oklahoma 74105
- School of Chemical Engineering; Oklahoma State University; Stillwater Oklahoma 74078
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44
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Roshangar L, Hamdi BA, Khaki AA, Rad JS, Soleimani-Rad S. Effect of low-frequency electromagnetic field exposure on oocyte differentiation and follicular development. Adv Biomed Res 2014; 3:76. [PMID: 24627884 PMCID: PMC3950798 DOI: 10.4103/2277-9175.125874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2013] [Accepted: 09/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The effect of electromagnetic field (EMF) as an environmental factor on different organs including female reproductive system is of critical concern. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effect of low-frequency (LF)-EMF on oocyte differentiation and follicular development. Materials and Methods: The experiment was carried out in animal lab of Faculty of Medicine Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. For this purpose, the BALB/c mice were divided into control and experimental group in animal lab. The pregnant mice in the experimental group were exposed to 3 mT EMF field, 4 h/day during the pregnancy period. The LF-EMF was produced by a system using 50 Hz alternative current, in the control group the pregnant mice were kept in a similar condition without exposure to EMF. The neonatal mice from both groups were sacrificed immediately after birth and their ovary was dissected apart and prepared for light and electron microscopy. Result: Microscopy revealed that in the experimental group, in comparison to control group, oocyte nests were mostly broken and irregularly arranged. The primordial follicles were less developed and nuclei of oocytes with an electron microscope appeared heterochromatic, shrunken and had vacuolated cytoplasm. Conclusion: It is concluded that exposure to EMF during the developmental period could affect both oocyte differentiation and folliculogenesis and may result in reduced fertility, by decreasing ovarian reservoir.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Roshangar
- Department of Anatomical Science, Neuroscience Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - B A Hamdi
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Pharmacy College, Hawler Medical University, Kurdistan, Iran
| | - A A Khaki
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Pharmacy College, Hawler Medical University, Kurdistan, Iran
| | - J Soleimani Rad
- Department of Anatomical Science, Neuroscience Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - S Soleimani-Rad
- Department of Gynecology, Alzahra Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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45
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Yuan X, Arkonac DE, Chao PHG, Vunjak-Novakovic G. Electrical stimulation enhances cell migration and integrative repair in the meniscus. Sci Rep 2014; 4:3674. [PMID: 24419206 PMCID: PMC3891019 DOI: 10.1038/srep03674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrical signals have been applied towards the repair of articular tissues in the laboratory and clinical settings for over seventy years. We focus on healing of the meniscus, a tissue essential to knee function with limited innate repair potential, which has been largely unexplored in the context of electrical stimulation. Here we demonstrate for the first time that electrical stimulation enhances meniscus cell migration and integrative tissue repair. We optimize pulsatile direct current electrical stimulation parameters on cells at the micro-scale, and apply these to healing of full-thickness defects in explants at the macro-scale. We report increased expression of the adenosine A2b receptor in meniscus cells after stimulation at the micro- and macro-scale, and propose a role for A2bR in meniscus electrotransduction. Taken together, these findings advance our understanding of the effects of electrical signals and their mechanisms of action, and contribute to developing electrotherapeutic strategies for meniscus repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoning Yuan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York NY, USA
| | - Derya E Arkonac
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York NY, USA
| | - Pen-hsiu Grace Chao
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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46
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Goodman G, Bercovich D. Electromagnetic induction between axons and their schwann cell myelin-protein sheaths. J Integr Neurosci 2014; 12:475-89. [PMID: 24372067 DOI: 10.1142/s0219635213500295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Two concepts have long dominated vertebrate nerve electrophysiology: (a) Schwann cell-formed myelin sheaths separated by minute non-myelinated nodal gaps and spiraling around axons of peripheral motor nerves reduce current leakage during propagation of trains of axon action potentials; (b) "jumping" by action potentials between successive nodes greatly increases signal conduction velocity. Long-held and more recent assumptions and issues underlying those concepts have been obscured by research emphasis on axon-sheath biochemical symbiosis and nerve regeneration. We hypothesize: mutual electromagnetic induction in the axon-glial sheath association, is fundamental in signal conduction in peripheral and central myelinated axons, explains the g-ratio and is relevant to animal navigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Goodman
- Galil Genetic Analysis, Kazerin 12900, Israel
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47
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Shahini A, Yazdimamaghani M, Walker KJ, Eastman MA, Hatami-Marbini H, Smith BJ, Ricci JL, Madihally SV, Vashaee D, Tayebi L. 3D conductive nanocomposite scaffold for bone tissue engineering. Int J Nanomedicine 2013; 9:167-81. [PMID: 24399874 PMCID: PMC3875523 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s54668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone healing can be significantly expedited by applying electrical stimuli in the injured region. Therefore, a three-dimensional (3D) ceramic conductive tissue engineering scaffold for large bone defects that can locally deliver the electrical stimuli is highly desired. In the present study, 3D conductive scaffolds were prepared by employing a biocompatible conductive polymer, ie, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) poly(4-styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), in the optimized nanocomposite of gelatin and bioactive glass. For in vitro analysis, adult human mesenchymal stem cells were seeded in the scaffolds. Material characterizations using hydrogen-1 nuclear magnetic resonance, in vitro degradation, as well as thermal and mechanical analysis showed that incorporation of PEDOT:PSS increased the physiochemical stability of the composite, resulting in improved mechanical properties and biodegradation resistance. The outcomes indicate that PEDOT:PSS and polypeptide chains have close interaction, most likely by forming salt bridges between arginine side chains and sulfonate groups. The morphology of the scaffolds and cultured human mesenchymal stem cells were observed and analyzed via scanning electron microscope, micro-computed tomography, and confocal fluorescent microscope. Increasing the concentration of the conductive polymer in the scaffold enhanced the cell viability, indicating the improved microstructure of the scaffolds or boosted electrical signaling among cells. These results show that these conductive scaffolds are not only structurally more favorable for bone tissue engineering, but also can be a step forward in combining the tissue engineering techniques with the method of enhancing the bone healing by electrical stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aref Shahini
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Helmerich Advanced Technology Research Center, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | | | - Kenneth J Walker
- School of Chemical Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | | | - Hamed Hatami-Marbini
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Brenda J Smith
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - John L Ricci
- Department of Biomaterials and Biomimetics, New York University, New York, NY
| | - Sundar V Madihally
- School of Chemical Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Daryoosh Vashaee
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Helmerich Advanced Technology Research Center, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Lobat Tayebi
- School of Chemical Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA ; School of Material Science and Engineering, Helmerich Advanced Technology Research Center, Oklahoma State University, Tulsa, OK, USA
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48
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Vale P. Can solar/geomagnetic activity restrict the occurrence of some shellfish poisoning outbreaks? The example of PSP caused by Gymnodinium catenatum at the Atlantic Portuguese coast. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350913040179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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49
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Yang M, Brackenbury WJ. Membrane potential and cancer progression. Front Physiol 2013; 4:185. [PMID: 23882223 PMCID: PMC3713347 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2013.00185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 362] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane potential (Vm), the voltage across the plasma membrane, arises because of the presence of different ion channels/transporters with specific ion selectivity and permeability. Vm is a key biophysical signal in non-excitable cells, modulating important cellular activities, such as proliferation and differentiation. Therefore, the multiplicities of various ion channels/transporters expressed on different cells are finely tuned in order to regulate the Vm. It is well-established that cancer cells possess distinct bioelectrical properties. Notably, electrophysiological analyses in many cancer cell types have revealed a depolarized Vm that favors cell proliferation. Ion channels/transporters control cell volume and migration, and emerging data also suggest that the level of Vm has functional roles in cancer cell migration. In addition, hyperpolarization is necessary for stem cell differentiation. For example, both osteogenesis and adipogenesis are hindered in human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) under depolarizing conditions. Therefore, in the context of cancer, membrane depolarization might be important for the emergence and maintenance of cancer stem cells (CSCs), giving rise to sustained tumor growth. This review aims to provide a broad understanding of the Vm as a bioelectrical signal in cancer cells by examining several key types of ion channels that contribute to its regulation. The mechanisms by which Vm regulates cancer cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation will be discussed. In the long term, Vm might be a valuable clinical marker for tumor detection with prognostic value, and could even be artificially modified in order to inhibit tumor growth and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yang
- Department of Biology, University of York York, UK
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50
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Bizzarri M, Palombo A, Cucina A. Theoretical aspects of Systems Biology. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2013; 112:33-43. [PMID: 23562476 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2013.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Revised: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The natural world consists of hierarchical levels of complexity that range from subatomic particles and molecules to ecosystems and beyond. This implies that, in order to explain the features and behavior of a whole system, a theory might be required that would operate at the corresponding hierarchical level, i.e. where self-organization processes take place. In the past, biological research has focused on questions that could be answered by a reductionist program of genetics. The organism (and its development) was considered an epiphenomenona of its genes. However, a profound rethinking of the biological paradigm is now underway and it is likely that such a process will lead to a conceptual revolution emerging from the ashes of reductionism. This revolution implies the search for general principles on which a cogent theory of biology might rely. Because much of the logic of living systems is located at higher levels, it is imperative to focus on them. Indeed, both evolution and physiology work on these levels. Thus, by no means Systems Biology could be considered a 'simple' 'gradual' extension of Molecular Biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariano Bizzarri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Systems Biology Group Lab, Sapienza University of Rome, via Scarpa 14-16, 00161 Rome, Italy.
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