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Díaz-Del Cerro E, Félix J, Tresguerres JAF, De la Fuente M. Improvement of several stress response and sleep quality hormones in men and women after sleeping in a bed that protects against electromagnetic fields. Environ Health 2022; 21:72. [PMID: 35864547 PMCID: PMC9306162 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-022-00882-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The electromagnetic fields (EMFs) emitted by the technologies affect the homeostatic systems (nervous, endocrine, and immune systems) and consequently the health. In a previous work, we observed that men and women, after 2 months of using a bed with a registered HOGO system, that prevents and drain EMFs, improved their immunity, redox and inflammatory states and rejuvenated their rate of aging or biological age. Since, EMFs can act as a chronic stressor stimulus, and affect the sleep quality. The objective of this work was to study in men and women (23-73 years old) the effect of sleeping for 2 months on that bed in the blood concentrations of several hormones related to stress response and sleep quality as well as to corroborate the rejuvenation of their biological age. METHODS In 18 men and women, plasma concentration of cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), catecholamines (epinephrine, norepinephrine and dopamine), serotonin, oxytocin and melatonin were analyzed before and after 2 months of using the HOGO beds. A group of 10 people was used as placebo control. In another cohort of 25 men (20 experimental and 5 placebo), the effects of rest on the HOGO system on the concentration of cortisol and testosterone in plasma were studied. In all these volunteers, the biological age was analyzed using the Immunity Clock model. RESULTS There is a significant increase in plasma concentration of DHEA, norepinephrine, serotonin, oxytocin, and melatonin as well as in testosterone, after resting for 2 months in that bed with the EMFs avoiding system. In addition, decreases in Cortisol/DHEA and Testosterone/cortisol ratio and plasma dopamine concentration were observed. No differences were found in placebo groups. In all participants that slept on HOGO beds, the biological age was reduced. CONCLUSIONS Sleeping in a bed that isolates from EMFs and drain them can be a possible strategy to improve the secretion of hormones related to a better response to stress and sleep quality, which means a better endocrine system, and consequently better homeostasis and maintenance of health. This fact was confirmed with the slowdown in the rate of aging checked with a rejuvenation of the biological age.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Díaz-Del Cerro
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology (Unity of Animal Physiology). Faculty de Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, José Antonio Novais, 12. 28040, Madrid, Spain
- Research Institute of 12 de Octubre Hospital of Madrid (I+12), Madrid, Spain
| | - J Félix
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology (Unity of Animal Physiology). Faculty de Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, José Antonio Novais, 12. 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - JAF Tresguerres
- Department of Physiology. Medicine Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - M De la Fuente
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology (Unity of Animal Physiology). Faculty de Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, José Antonio Novais, 12. 28040, Madrid, Spain
- Research Institute of 12 de Octubre Hospital of Madrid (I+12), Madrid, Spain
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Exposure Assessment to Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields in Occupational Military Scenarios: A Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19020920. [PMID: 35055741 PMCID: PMC8776107 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19020920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: Radiofrequency radiations are used in most devices in current use and, consequently, the assessment of the human exposure to the radiofrequency radiations has become an issue of strong interest. Even if in the military field there is wide use of radiofrequency devices, a clear picture on the exposure assessment to the electromagnetic field of the human beings in the military scenario is still missing. (2) Methods: a review of the scientific literature regarding the assessment of the exposure of the military personnel to the RF specific to the military environment, was performed. (3) Results: the review has been performed grouping the scientific literature by the typology of military devices to which the military personnel can be exposed to. The military devices have been classified in four main classes, according to their intended use: communication devices, localization/surveillance devices, jammers and EM directed-energy weapons. (4) Discussion and Conclusions: The review showed that in the exposure conditions here evaluated, there were only occasional situations of overexposure, whereas in the majority of the conditions the exposure was below the worker exposure limits. Nevertheless, the limited number of studies and the lack of exposure assessment studies for some devices prevent us to draw definitive conclusions and encourage further studies on military exposure assessment.
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Geretto M, Ferrari M, De Angelis R, Crociata F, Sebastiani N, Pulliero A, Au W, Izzotti A. Occupational Exposures and Environmental Health Hazards of Military Personnel. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:5395. [PMID: 34070145 PMCID: PMC8158372 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18105395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Military personnel are frequently exposed to environmental pollutants that can cause a variety of diseases. METHODS This review analyzed publications regarding epidemiological and biomonitoring studies on occupationally-exposed military personnel. RESULTS The exposures include sulfur mustard, organ chlorines, combustion products, fuel vapors, and ionizing and exciting radiations. Important factors to be considered are the lengths and intensities of exposures, its proximity to the sources of environmental pollutants, as well as confounding factors (cigarette smoke, diet, photo-type, healthy warrior effect, etc.). Assessment of environmental and individual exposures to pollutants is crucial, although often omitted, because soldiers have often been evaluated based on reported health problems rather than on excessive exposure to pollutants. Biomarkers of exposures and effects are tools to explore relationships between exposures and diseases in military personnel. Another observation from this review is a major problem from the lack of suitable control groups. CONCLUSIONS This review indicates that only studies which analyzed epidemiological and molecular biomarkers in both exposed and control groups would provide evidence-based conclusions on exposure and disease risk in military personnel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Geretto
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Marco Ferrari
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, 8715 W. Military Drive, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA;
| | - Roberta De Angelis
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Filippo Crociata
- General Inspectorate of Military Health, 00184 Rome, Italy; (F.C.); (N.S.)
| | - Nicola Sebastiani
- General Inspectorate of Military Health, 00184 Rome, Italy; (F.C.); (N.S.)
| | | | - William Au
- Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania;
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Alberto Izzotti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy;
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
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Abstract
This paper presents a highly compact frequency-selective surface (FSS) that has the potential to switch between the X-band (8 GHz–12 GHz) and C-band (4 GHz–8 GHz) for RF shielding applications. The proposed FSS is composed of a square conducting loop with inward-extended arms loaded with curved extensions. The symmetric geometry allows the RF shield to perform equally for transverse electric (TE), transverse magnetic (TM), and 45° polarizations. The unit cell has a dimension of 0.176 λ0 and has excellent angular stability up to 60°. The resonance mechanism was investigated using equivalent circuit models of the shield. The design of the unit element allowed incorporation of PIN diodes between adjacent elements for switching to a lower C-band spectrum at 6.6 GHz. The biasing network is on the bottom layer of the substrate to avoid effects on the shielding performance. A PIN diode configuration for the switching operation was also proposed. In simulations, the PIN diode model was incorporated to observe the switchable operation. Two prototypes were fabricated, and the switchable operation was demonstrated by etching copper strips on one fabricated prototype between adjacent unit cells (in lieu of PIN diodes) as a proof of the design prototypes. Comparisons among the results confirmed that the design offers high angular stability and excellent performance in both bands.
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Migault L, Bowman JD, Kromhout H, Figuerola J, Baldi I, Bouvier G, Turner MC, Cardis E, Vila J. Development of a Job-Exposure Matrix for Assessment of Occupational Exposure to High-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields (3 kHz-300 GHz). Ann Work Expo Health 2020; 63:1013-1028. [PMID: 31702767 DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxz067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this work was to build a job-exposure matrix (JEM) using an international coding system and covering the non-thermal intermediate frequency (IF) (3-100 kHz, named IFELF), thermal IF (100 kHz-10 MHz, named IFRF), and radiofrequency (RF) (>10 MHz) bands. METHODS Detailed occupational data were collected in a large population-based case-control study, INTEROCC, with occupations coded into the International Standard Classification of Occupations system 1988 (ISCO88). The subjects' occupational source-based ancillary information was combined with an existing source-exposure matrix and the reference levels of the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) for occupational exposure to calculate estimates of level (L) of exposure to electric (E) and magnetic (H) fields by ISCO88 code and frequency band as ICNIRP ratios (IFELF) or squared ratios (IFRF and RF). Estimates of exposure probability (P) were obtained by dividing the number of exposed subjects by the total number of subjects available per job title. RESULTS With 36 011 job histories collected, 468 ISCO88 (four-digit) codes were included in the JEM, of which 62.4% are exposed to RF, IFRF, and/or IFELF. As a reference, P values for RF E-fields ranged from 0.3 to 65.0% with a median of 5.1%. L values for RF E-fields (ICNIRP squared ratio) ranged from 6.94 × 10-11 to 33.97 with a median of 0.61. CONCLUSIONS The methodology used allowed the development of a JEM for high-frequency electromagnetic fields containing exposure estimates for the largest number of occupations to date. Although the validity of this JEM is limited by the small number of available observations for some codes, this JEM may be useful for epidemiological studies and occupational health management programs assessing high-frequency electromagnetic field exposure in occupational settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucile Migault
- University of Bordeaux, Inserm UMR 1219 EPICENE Team, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Hans Kromhout
- Environmental Epidemiology Division, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Nieuw Gildestein Yalelaan, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jordi Figuerola
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Plaça de la Mercè, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabelle Baldi
- University of Bordeaux, Inserm UMR 1219 EPICENE Team, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Bordeaux, France.,Bordeaux University Hospital, Service de Médecine du Travail et pathologie professionnelle, Pessac, France
| | - Ghislaine Bouvier
- University of Bordeaux, Inserm UMR 1219 EPICENE Team, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Bordeaux, France
| | - Michelle C Turner
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Plaça de la Mercè, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Av. Monforte de Lemos, Madrid, Spain.,McLaughlin Center for Population Health Risk Assessment, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Elisabeth Cardis
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Plaça de la Mercè, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Av. Monforte de Lemos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Vila
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Plaça de la Mercè, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Av. Monforte de Lemos, Madrid, Spain.,Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Office of Radiation Protection and Environmental Monitoring, McCumiskey House, Richview, Dublin, Ireland
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Haas AJ, Le Page Y, Zhadobov M, Sauleau R, Dréan YL, Saligaut C. Effect of acute millimeter wave exposure on dopamine metabolism of NGF-treated PC12 cells. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2017; 58:439-445. [PMID: 28339776 PMCID: PMC5569975 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrx004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Several forthcoming wireless telecommunication systems will use electromagnetic frequencies at millimeter waves (MMWs), and technologies developed around the 60-GHz band will soon know a widespread distribution. Free nerve endings within the skin have been suggested to be the targets of MMW therapy which has been used in the former Soviet Union. So far, no studies have assessed the impact of MMW exposure on neuronal metabolism. Here, we investigated the effects of a 24-h MMW exposure at 60.4 GHz, with an incident power density (IPD) of 5 mW/cm², on the dopaminergic turnover of NGF-treated PC12 cells. After MMW exposure, both intracellular and extracellular contents of dopamine (DA) and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) were studied using high performance liquid chromatography. Impact of exposure on the dopamine transporter (DAT) expression was also assessed by immunocytochemistry. We analyzed the dopamine turnover by assessing the ratio of DOPAC to DA, and measuring DOPAC accumulation in the medium. Neither dopamine turnover nor DAT protein expression level were impacted by MMW exposure. However, extracellular accumulation of DOPAC was found to be slightly increased, but not significantly. This result was related to the thermal effect, and overall, no evidence of non-thermal effects of MMW exposure were observed on dopamine metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis J. Haas
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (Inserm), Institute for Research on Environmental and Occupational Health (IRSET), Inserm UMR1085, 9, avenue du Prof. Léon Bernard, 35 000 Rennes, France
- University of Rennes 1, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Yann Le Page
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (Inserm), Institute for Research on Environmental and Occupational Health (IRSET), Inserm UMR1085, 9, avenue du Prof. Léon Bernard, 35 000 Rennes, France
- University of Rennes 1, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Maxim Zhadobov
- University of Rennes 1, F-35000 Rennes, France
- Institute of Electronics and Telecommunications of Rennes (IETR), UMR CNRS 6164, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Ronan Sauleau
- University of Rennes 1, F-35000 Rennes, France
- Institute of Electronics and Telecommunications of Rennes (IETR), UMR CNRS 6164, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Yves Le Dréan
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (Inserm), Institute for Research on Environmental and Occupational Health (IRSET), Inserm UMR1085, 9, avenue du Prof. Léon Bernard, 35 000 Rennes, France
- University of Rennes 1, F-35000 Rennes, France
- Corresponding author. Transcription, Environment and Cancer Group, Institute for Research on Environmental and Occupational Health (IRSET), Inserm UMR1085, 9, avenue du Prof. Léon Bernard, 35 000 Rennes, France. Tel: +33-2-23-23-50-95; Fax: +33-2-23-23-67-94;
| | - Christian Saligaut
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (Inserm), Institute for Research on Environmental and Occupational Health (IRSET), Inserm UMR1085, 9, avenue du Prof. Léon Bernard, 35 000 Rennes, France
- University of Rennes 1, F-35000 Rennes, France
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