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Zhan ZS, Zheng ZS, Shi J, Chen J, Wu SY, Zhang SY. Unraveling colorectal cancer prevention: The vitamin D - gut flora - immune system nexus. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2024; 16:2382-2391. [DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i6.2382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers diagnosed in the world. Although environmental and genetic factors play a major role in the pathogenesis of CRC, extensive research has suggested that vitamin D may play a pivotal role in the development of CRC. Vitamin D, primarily obtained through sunlight exposure, dietary sources, and supplements, has long been recognized for its essential functions in maintaining health, including immune regulation. This article delves into the intricate relationship between vitamin D, the immune system, gut flora, and the prevention of CRC. It presents a synthesis of epidemiological data, experimental studies, and clinical trials, highlighting the mechanisms by which vitamin D influences immune cell function, cytokine production, and inflammation. By enhancing the immune system’s surveillance and anti-tumor activity, vitamin D may offer a promising avenue for CRC prevention. Furthermore, this comprehensive review delves into the prospective clinical applications of vitamin D supplementation and delineates the forthcoming avenues of research in this dynamic domain. Additionally, the paper tentatively outlines a spectrum of prophylactic impacts of vitamin D on CRC, emphasizing its significant potential in reducing CRC risk through shedding light on its mechanisms, encompassing antineoplastic mechanisms, influences on the immune system, and modulation of the gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Song Zhan
- Department of Dentistry, Fuding Hospital, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuding 355200, Fujian Province, China
| | - Zu-Shun Zheng
- Department of Physical Examination, Fuding Hospital, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuding 355200, Fujian Province, China
| | - Jing Shi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fuding Hospital, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuding 355200, Fujian Province, China
| | - Juan Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fuding Hospital, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuding 355200, Fujian Province, China
| | - Si-Yi Wu
- Department of Surgery, Fuding Hospital, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuding 355200, Fujian Province, China
| | - Shi-Yan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fuding Hospital, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuding 355200, Fujian Province, China
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Zhan ZS, Zheng ZS, Shi J, Chen J, Wu SY, Zhang SY. Unraveling colorectal cancer prevention: The vitamin D - gut flora - immune system nexus. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2024; 16:2394-2403. [DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i6.2394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers diagnosed in the world. Although environmental and genetic factors play a major role in the pathogenesis of CRC, extensive research has suggested that vitamin D may play a pivotal role in the development of CRC. Vitamin D, primarily obtained through sunlight exposure, dietary sources, and supplements, has long been recognized for its essential functions in maintaining health, including immune regulation. This article delves into the intricate relationship between vitamin D, the immune system, gut flora, and the prevention of CRC. It presents a synthesis of epidemiological data, experimental studies, and clinical trials, highlighting the mechanisms by which vitamin D influences immune cell function, cytokine production, and inflammation. By enhancing the immune system’s surveillance and anti-tumor activity, vitamin D may offer a promising avenue for CRC prevention. Furthermore, this comprehensive review delves into the prospective clinical applications of vitamin D supplementation and delineates the forthcoming avenues of research in this dynamic domain. Additionally, the paper tentatively outlines a spectrum of prophylactic impacts of vitamin D on CRC, emphasizing its significant potential in reducing CRC risk through shedding light on its mechanisms, encompassing antineoplastic mechanisms, influences on the immune system, and modulation of the gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Song Zhan
- Department of Dentistry, Fuding Hospital, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuding 355200, Fujian Province, China
| | - Zu-Shun Zheng
- Department of Physical Examination, Fuding Hospital, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuding 355200, Fujian Province, China
| | - Jing Shi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fuding Hospital, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuding 355200, Fujian Province, China
| | - Juan Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fuding Hospital, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuding 355200, Fujian Province, China
| | - Si-Yi Wu
- Department of Surgery, Fuding Hospital, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuding 355200, Fujian Province, China
| | - Shi-Yan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fuding Hospital, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuding 355200, Fujian Province, China
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Ottaiano A, Iacovino ML, Santorsola M, Facchini S, Iervolino D, Perri F, Nasti G, Quagliariello V, Maurea N, Ronchi A, Facchini BA, Bignucolo A, Berretta M. Circulating vitamin D level before initiating chemotherapy impacts on the time-to-outcome in metastatic colorectal cancer patients: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Transl Med 2024; 22:119. [PMID: 38291479 PMCID: PMC10826188 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-04889-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D (VD) is implicated in various health conditions, including colorectal cancer (CRC). To investigate potential relationships between pre-chemotherapy VD levels and the time-to-outcome in metastatic CRC patients, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS Following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, we performed thorough searches in PubMed/MEDLINE and Scopus/ELSEVIER databases (covering the years 2002 to 2022). Inclusion criteria mandated studies to report on individuals aged 18 years and above with histologically confirmed stage IV CRC. Additionally, studies needed to provide data on VD levels before chemotherapy, along with hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for overall survival (OS) and/or progression-free survival (PFS). Five articles were identified with the aim of establishing a combined risk estimate for death and progression based on pre-chemotherapy VD levels. Heterogeneity among studies and publication bias were evaluated using Tau2, I2 statistics, and a Funnel plot. RESULTS Although no significant heterogeneity was observed in time-to-outcome among the selected studies, variations in technical assessments and serum VD concentration measurements were noted. The pooled analysis, involving 1712 patients for OS and 1264 patients for PFS, revealed a 47% increased risk of death (HR: 1.47, 95% CI: 1.21-1.79) and a 38% increased risk of progression (HR: 1.38, 95% CI: 1.13-1.70) for patients with lower VD levels, as indicated by fixed-effects models. CONCLUSIONS Our results emphasize the adverse effects of low VD concentration on the time-to-outcome in metastatic CRC patients. This underscores the importance of investigating VD supplementation as an innovative approach in this clinical setting to enhance patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Ottaiano
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS "G. Pascale", 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Lucia Iacovino
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Sergio Facchini
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Domenico Iervolino
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS "G. Pascale", 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Perri
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS "G. Pascale", 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Guglielmo Nasti
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS "G. Pascale", 80131, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Nicola Maurea
- Division of Cardiology, IRCCS "G. Pascale", 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Ronchi
- Pathology Unit, Department of Mental Health and Physic and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Bianca Arianna Facchini
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessia Bignucolo
- Integrative Medicine Research Group (IMRG), Noceto, 43015, Parma, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Berretta
- Integrative Medicine Research Group (IMRG), Noceto, 43015, Parma, Italy.
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98122, Messina, Italy.
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Talib WH, Ahmed Jum’AH DA, Attallah ZS, Jallad MS, Al Kury LT, Hadi RW, Mahmod AI. Role of vitamins A, C, D, E in cancer prevention and therapy: therapeutic potentials and mechanisms of action. Front Nutr 2024; 10:1281879. [PMID: 38274206 PMCID: PMC10808607 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1281879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer, a leading global cause of mortality, arises from intricate interactions between genetic and environmental factors, fueling uncontrolled cell growth. Amidst existing treatment limitations, vitamins have emerged as promising candidates for cancer prevention and treatment. This review focuses on Vitamins A, C, E, and D because of their protective activity against various types of cancer. They are essential as human metabolic coenzymes. Through a critical exploration of preclinical and clinical studies via PubMed and Google Scholar, the impact of these vitamins on cancer therapy was analyzed, unraveling their complicated mechanisms of action. Interestingly, vitamins impact immune function, antioxidant defense, inflammation, and epigenetic regulation, potentially enhancing outcomes by influencing cell behavior and countering stress and DNA damage. Encouraging clinical trial results have been observed; however, further well-controlled studies are imperative to validate their effectiveness, determine optimal dosages, and formulate comprehensive cancer prevention and treatment strategies. Personalized supplementation strategies, informed by medical expertise, are pivotal for optimal outcomes in both clinical and preclinical contexts. Nevertheless, conclusive evidence regarding the efficacy of vitamins in cancer prevention and treatment is still pending, urging further research and exploration in this compelling area of study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wamidh H. Talib
- Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | | | - Zeena Shamil Attallah
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Mohanned Sami Jallad
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Lina T. Al Kury
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rawan Wamidh Hadi
- Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Asma Ismail Mahmod
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
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Shuai J, Gao M, Zou Q, He Y. Association between vitamin D, depression, and sleep health in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys: a mediation analysis. Nutr Neurosci 2023:1-8. [PMID: 37962262 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2023.2279363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess the association between vitamin D and sleep health and to investigate whether depression could mediate this relationship. METHODS A cross-sectional analysis was performed using the 2005-2014 US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data. The logistic regression models were conducted to evaluate association of serum vitamin D concentrations with sleep health and depression. Mediation analyses were conducted to investigate the mediated effects of depression on the association of vitamin D with sleep health. RESULTS In multivariate logistic models, vitamin D was found to be negatively associated with an increased risk of poor sleep health, with an odds ratio (OR) of vitamin D deficiency versus sufficiency was 1.256 (95% CI = 1.084-1.455). Additionally, univariate logistic models showed that vitamin D was also negatively associated with depression risk (vitamin D deficiency vs. sufficiency: OR = 1.699, 95% CI = (1.373-2.103). Further mediation analyses showed that the association of vitamin D with sleep health was mediated by depression, with the mediating effects of depression accounted for 44.56% of the total effects. CONCLUSION Vitamin D affects sleep health directly and indirectly through depression. The results suggest that interventions increasing intake of vitamin D should be prioritized to promote sleep health of persons with or at risk of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingliang Shuai
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengqi Gao
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Zou
- Medical Department, The First Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Youming He
- Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Dong Y, Wei J, Yang F, Qu Y, Huang J, Shi D. Nutrient-Based Approaches for Melanoma: Prevention and Therapeutic Insights. Nutrients 2023; 15:4483. [PMID: 37892558 PMCID: PMC10609833 DOI: 10.3390/nu15204483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma, a prevalent and lethal form of skin cancer, remains a formidable challenge in terms of prevention and treatment. While significant progress has been made in understanding its pathogenesis and treatment, the quest for effective prevention strategies and therapeutic approaches remains ongoing. Considering the increased advancements in understanding the dynamic interplay between nutrients and melanoma, we aim to offer a refreshed perspective on nutrient-based approaches for melanoma prevention and adjunctive therapy. In contrast to other studies, we have innovatively provided a detailed exposition of the nutrients' influences on melanoma prognosis and treatment. This review firstly examines various nutrients, including antioxidants (namely vitamins A, D, C, and E; selenium; and caffeine), polyunsaturated fatty acids, and flavonoids, for their effects and underlying mechanisms in reducing melanoma risk. Among these nutrients, caffeine shows the most promising potential, as it is supported by multiple cohort studies for its protective effect against melanoma. In contrast, there is a certain degree of inconsistency in the research of other nutrients, possibly due to inherent differences between animal studies and epidemiological research, as well as variations in the definition of nutrient intake. To comprehensively investigate the impact of nutrients on melanoma progression and therapeutic approaches, the following sections will explore how nutrients influence immune responses and other physiological processes. While there is robust support from cell and animal studies regarding the immunomodulatory attributes of vitamins D and zinc, the anti-angiogenic potential of polyphenols, and the cell growth-inhibitory effects of flavonoids, the limited availability of human-based research substantially constrains their practical relevance in clinical contexts. As for utilizing nutrients in adjuvant melanoma treatments, multiple approaches have garnered clinical research support, including the utilization of vitamin D to decrease the postoperative recurrence rates among melanoma patients and the adoption of a high-fiber diet to enhance the effectiveness of immunotherapy. In general, the effects of most nutrients on reducing the risk of melanoma are not entirely clear. However, several nutrients, including vitamin D and dietary fiber, have demonstrated their potential to improve the melanoma prognosis and enhance the treatment outcomes, making them particularly deserving of clinical attention. A personalized and interdisciplinary approach, involving dermatologists, oncologists, nutritionists, and researchers, holds the promise of optimizing melanoma treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yucheng Dong
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China;
| | - Jiaxin Wei
- Department of Emergency Department, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China;
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China;
| | - Yang Qu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China;
| | - Jiuzuo Huang
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China;
| | - Di Shi
- Department of Emergency Department, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China;
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Yang J, Zhang Q, Huang G, Cong J, Wang T, Zhai X, Zhang J, Qi G, Zhou L, Jin J. Combined effects of vitamin D and neferine on the progression and metastasis of colorectal cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:6203-6210. [PMID: 36697773 PMCID: PMC10356635 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-04552-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the synergistic effect of vitamin D and neferine on the growth and metastasis of colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS The synergistic effect of biologically active form of vitamin D, VD3 and neferine on the treatment of CRC was investigated by bliss analysis. Colony formation and wound healing ability, migration and invasion ability, and epithelial mesenchymal transition of HCT-116 cells, as a response to the combination treatment with VD3 and neferine were evaluated. RESULTS VD3 and neferine showed a synergistic effect on CRC cell growth at a relatively low dose. The wound healing and colony formation capacity, cell migration and invasion abilities were all decreased by combination use of VD3 and neferine, compared to the VD3 or neferine treated single group. Furthermore, VD3 and neferine significantly decreased the expressions of N-cadherin, vimentin, snail, and slug in HCT-116 cells. CONCLUSION These data suggest that neferine enhances the anticancer capability of VD3 and reduces the dose dependency of VD3. The combination of vitamin D with neferine appears to be a potential therapeutic strategy for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199 China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Microenvironmental Regulation, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199 China
- Department of Immunology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199 China
| | - Qinyu Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199 China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Microenvironmental Regulation, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199 China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541000 China
| | - Guanlin Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199 China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Microenvironmental Regulation, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199 China
| | - Jiacheng Cong
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Microenvironmental Regulation, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199 China
- Department of Immunology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199 China
| | - Ting Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Microenvironmental Regulation, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199 China
- Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Receptor-Targeted Drug Basic Research, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199 China
| | - Xiaoya Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Microenvironmental Regulation, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199 China
- Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Receptor-Targeted Drug Basic Research, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199 China
| | - Juzheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Microenvironmental Regulation, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199 China
- Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Receptor-Targeted Drug Basic Research, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199 China
| | - Guangying Qi
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Microenvironmental Regulation, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199 China
- Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Receptor-Targeted Drug Basic Research, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199 China
| | - Lihua Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Microenvironmental Regulation, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199 China
| | - Jiamin Jin
- School of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199 China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Microenvironmental Regulation, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199 China
- Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Receptor-Targeted Drug Basic Research, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199 China
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Serrano D, Bellerba F, Johansson H, Macis D, Aristarco V, Accornero CA, Guerrieri-Gonzaga A, Trovato CM, Zampino MG, Salè EO, Bonanni B, Gandini S, Gnagnarella P. Vitamin D Supplementation and Adherence to World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF) Diet Recommendations for Colorectal Cancer Prevention: A Nested Prospective Cohort Study of a Phase II Randomized Trial. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1766. [PMID: 37371861 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11061766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D and a healthy diet, based on World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF) recommendations, are considered key elements for colorectal cancer (CRC) prevention. In a CRC case-control study, we observed that CRC cases were often significantly Vitamin D deficient while subjects following WCRF recommendations significantly decreased their risk of developing CRC. We conducted a randomized phase-II trial (EudraCT number-2015-000467-14) where 74 CRC patients showed differences in response to Vitamin D supplementation, 2000 IU in average per day, according to gender and microbiota. The aim of this nested study is to correlate Vitamin D (supplementation, serum level and receptor polymorphisms), circulating biomarkers, and events (polyp/adenoma, CRC relapse and other cancers) in concomitant to WCRF recommendation adherence. Vitamin D supplementation did not modulate circulating biomarkers or follow-up events. FokI and TaqI VDR were associated with 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) levels. Patients following the WCRF recommendations had significantly lower leptin, significantly lower IL-6 (only in females), and significantly lower risk of events (HR = 0.41, 95%CI: 0.18-0.92; p = 0.03; median follow-up 2.6 years). Interestingly, no WCRF adherents had significantly more events if they were in the placebo (p < 0.0001), whereas no influence of WCRF was observed in the Vitamin D arm. While one-year Vitamin D supplementation might be too short to show significant preventive activity, a healthy diet and lifestyle should be the first step for preventive programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Serrano
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, European Institute of Oncology (IEO) IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Bellerba
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO) IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Harriet Johansson
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, European Institute of Oncology (IEO) IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Debora Macis
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, European Institute of Oncology (IEO) IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Aristarco
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, European Institute of Oncology (IEO) IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara A Accornero
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, European Institute of Oncology (IEO) IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Aliana Guerrieri-Gonzaga
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, European Institute of Oncology (IEO) IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina M Trovato
- Division of Endoscopy, European Institute of Oncology (IEO) IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Giulia Zampino
- Division of Medical Oncology Gastrointestinal and Neuroendocrine Tumors, European Institute of Oncology (IEO) IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuela Omodeo Salè
- Division of Pharmacy, European Institute of Oncology (IEO) IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Bernardo Bonanni
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, European Institute of Oncology (IEO) IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Gandini
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO) IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia Gnagnarella
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, European Institute of Oncology (IEO) IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
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Bellerba F, Serrano D, Johansson H, Pozzi C, Segata N, NabiNejad A, Piperni E, Gnagnarella P, Macis D, Aristarco V, Accornero CA, Manghi P, Guerrieri-Gonzaga A, Biffi R, Bottiglieri L, Trovato C, Zampino MG, Corso F, Bellocco R, Raimondi S, Rescigno M, Gandini S. Colorectal cancer, Vitamin D and microbiota: A double-blind Phase II randomized trial (ColoViD) in colorectal cancer patients. Neoplasia 2022; 34:100842. [PMID: 36279751 PMCID: PMC9594107 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2022.100842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies suggest a role of gut microbiota in colorectal cancer (CRC) initiation and progression. Vitamin D (vitD) blood levels are also inversely correlated with CRC risk and prognosis. However, these factors' interplay remains unknown. METHODS 74 CRC patients after standard treatment were randomized to 1-year 2000 IU/day vitD or placebo. Baseline and post-treatment fecal microbiota for shotgun metagenomics sequencing was collected. Coda-lasso and Principal Component Analysis were used to select and summarize treatment-associated taxa and pathways. Associations between vitD and taxa/pathways were investigated with logistic regression. Mediation analysis was performed to study if treatment-associated taxa mediated the effect of supplementation on 25(OH)D levels. Cox proportional-hazards model was used for disease-free survival (DFS). RESULTS 60 patients were analyzed. Change in alpha diversity (Shannon: p = 0.77; Simpson: p = 0.63) and post-treatment beta diversity (p = 0.70) were comparable between arms. Post-treatment abundances of 63 taxa and 32 pathways differed between arms. The 63 taxa also mediated the effect of supplementation on 25(OH)D (p = 0.02). There were sex differences in vitD levels, microbiota and pathways. Pathways of essential amino acids' biosynthesis were more abundant in supplemented women. Fusobacterium nucleatum presence at baseline was associated with worse DFS (p = 0.02). Those achieving vitD sufficiency (25(OH)D≥30 ng/ml) had lower post-treatment abundances (p = 0.05). Women were more likely to have F. nucleatum post-treatment (p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS VitD supplementation may contribute shaping the gut microbiota and the microbiota may partially mediate the effect of supplementation on 25(OH)D. The observed sex-specific differences highlight the necessity of including sex/gender as a variable in microbiome studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Bellerba
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Serrano
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
| | - Harriet Johansson
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Nicola Segata
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Amir NabiNejad
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Piperni
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Patrizia Gnagnarella
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Debora Macis
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Aristarco
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara A Accornero
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Manghi
- Department CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | | | - Roberto Biffi
- Unit of Surgery of Peritoneal tumors, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Bottiglieri
- Division of Pathology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Trovato
- Division of Endoscopy, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Giulia Zampino
- Division of Medical Oncology Gastrointestinal and Neuroendocrine tumors, European Institute of Oncology (IEO) IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Corso
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Mathematics (DMAT), Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy; Centre for Health Data Science (CHDS), Human Techonopole, Milan, Italy
| | - Rino Bellocco
- Department of Statistics and Quantitative Methods, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sara Raimondi
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Rescigno
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Gandini
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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Akhone MA, Bains A, Tosif MM, Chawla P, Fogarasi M, Fogarasi S. Apricot Kernel: Bioactivity, Characterization, Applications, and Health Attributes. Foods 2022; 11:foods11152184. [PMID: 35892769 PMCID: PMC9332734 DOI: 10.3390/foods11152184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Apricot kernel, a by-product of apricot fruit, is a rich source of proteins, vitamins, and carbohydrates. Moreover, it can be used for medicinal purposes and the formation of food ingredients. Several techniques have been adopted for the extraction of bioactive compounds from the apricot kernel such as solvent extraction, ultra-sonication, enzyme-assisted, microwave-assisted, and aqueous extraction. Apricot kernels may help to fight against various diseases such as cancer and cancer immunotherapy, as well as reduce blood pressure. Additionally, the kernel is famous due to its diverse industrial applications in various industries and fields of research such as thermal energy storage, the cosmetic industry, the pharmaceutical industry, and the food industry. Especially in the food industry, the apricot kernel can be used in the preparation of low-fat biscuits, cookies, cakes, and the fabrication of antimicrobial films. Therefore, in this review article, the bioactivity of the apricot kernel is discussed along with its chemical or nutritional composition, characterizations, and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansoor Ali Akhone
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India; (M.A.A.); (M.M.T.)
| | - Aarti Bains
- Department of Microbiology, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India;
| | - Mansuri M. Tosif
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India; (M.A.A.); (M.M.T.)
| | - Prince Chawla
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India; (M.A.A.); (M.M.T.)
- Correspondence: (P.C.); (M.F.)
| | - Melinda Fogarasi
- Department of Food Engineering, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, Calea Mănăstur 3–5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Correspondence: (P.C.); (M.F.)
| | - Szabolcs Fogarasi
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Babeş-Bolyai University, 11 Arany Janos Street, 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Interdisciplinary Research Institute on Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babeş-Bolyai University, 42 Treboniu Laurian Street, 400271 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Longitudinal Analysis of 1α,25-dihidroxyvitamin D 3 and Homocysteine Changes in Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030658. [PMID: 35158926 PMCID: PMC8833406 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Vitamin D3 and homocysteine level abnormalities are both strongly related to colorectal cancer (CRC) etiology. The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate the longitudinal change in these two parameters and the relationships between the two, in addition with other clinicopathological and laboratory parameters. A swoosh-shaped trend was observed for the change in serum homocysteine levels of all of the CRC patients. The circulating vitamin D3 level was constant or increased in those patients without metastasis. After an initial increase, the disease-worsening effect of metastases cancelled out all of the positive effects of vitamin D3 in metastatic patients, even despite its continuous supplementation. Right-sided tumors, male sex, and the pathological values of serum lipids, albumin, total protein, and inflammatory markers were associated with lower vitamin D3 and higher homocysteine level. Based on our results, we recommend a modified vitamin D3 supplementation regimen for metastatic CRC, which includes laboratory measurement-based titration. Abstract Background: 1α,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25(OH)2D3) and homocysteine are known to play a role in the pathophysiology of colorectal cancer (CRC). In health, the two changes are inversely proportional to each other, but little is known about their combined effect in CRC. Methods: The serum 1,25(OH)2D3 and the homocysteine levels of eighty-six CRC patients were measured, who were enrolled into four cohorts based on the presence of metastases (Adj vs. Met) and vitamin D3 supplementation (ND vs. D). Results: 1,25(OH)2D3 was constant (Adj-ND), increased significantly (Adj-D, p = 0.0261), decreased (Met-ND), or returned close to the baseline after an initial increase (Met-D). The longitudinal increase in 1,25(OH)2D3 (HR: 0.9130, p = 0.0111) positively affected the overall survival in non-metastatic CRC, however, this effect was cancelled out in those with metastasis (p = 0.0107). The increase in homocysteine negatively affected both the overall (HR: 1.0940, p = 0.0067) and the progression-free survival (HR: 1.0845, p = 0.0073). Lower 1,25(OH)2D3 and/or higher homocysteine level was characteristic for patients with higher serum lipids, albumin, total protein, white blood cell and platelet count, male sex, and right-sided tumors. No statistically justifiable connection was found between the target variables. Conclusions: A measurement-based titration of vitamin D3 supplementation and better management of comorbidities are recommended for CRC.
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Food Additives, a Key Environmental Factor in the Development of IBD through Gut Dysbiosis. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10010167. [PMID: 35056616 PMCID: PMC8780106 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10010167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet is a key environmental factor in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and, at the same time, represents one of the most promising therapies for IBD. Our daily diet often contains food additives present in numerous processed foods and even in dietary supplements. Recently, researchers and national authorities have been paying much attention to their toxicity and effects on gut microbiota and health. This review aims to gather the latest data focusing on the potential role of food additives in the pathogenesis of IBDs through gut microbiota modulation. Some artificial emulsifiers and sweeteners can induce the dysbiosis associated with an alteration of the intestinal barrier, an activation of chronic inflammation, and abnormal immune response accelerating the onset of IBD. Even if most of these results are retrieved from in vivo and in vitro studies, many artificial food additives can represent a potential hidden driver of gut chronic inflammation through gut microbiota alterations, especially in a population with IBD predisposition. In this context, pending the confirmation of these results by large human studies, it would be advisable that IBD patients avoid the consumption of processed food containing artificial food additives and follow a personalized nutritional therapy prescribed by a clinical nutritionist.
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