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Almulla AF, Thipakorn Y, Algon AAA, Tunvirachaisakul C, Al-Hakeim HK, Maes M. Reverse cholesterol transport and lipid peroxidation biomarkers in major depression and bipolar disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 113:374-388. [PMID: 37557967 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depression (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD) are linked to immune activation, increased oxidative stress, and lower antioxidant defenses. OBJECTIVES To systematically review and meta-analyze all data concerning biomarkers of reverse cholesterol transport (RCT), lipid-associated antioxidants, lipid peroxidation products, and autoimmune responses to oxidatively modified lipid epitopes in MDD and BD. METHODS Databases including PubMed, Google scholar and SciFinder were searched to identify eligible studies from inception to January 10th, 2023. Guidelines of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. RESULTS The current meta-analysis included 176 studies (60 BD and 116 MDD) and examined 34,051 participants, namely 17,094 with affective disorders and 16,957 healthy controls. Patients with MDD and BD showed a) significantly decreased RCT (mainly lowered high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and paraoxonase 1); b) lowered lipid soluble vitamins (including vitamin A, D, and coenzyme Q10); c) increased lipid peroxidation and aldehyde formation, mainly increased malondialdehyde (MDA), 4-hydroxynonenal, peroxides, and 8-isoprostanes; and d) Immunoglobulin (Ig)G responses to oxidized low-density lipoprotein and IgM responses to MDA. The ratio of all lipid peroxidation biomarkers/all lipid-associated antioxidant defenses was significantly increased in MDD (standardized mean difference or SMD = 0.433; 95% confidence intervals (CI): 0.312; 0.554) and BD (SMD = 0.653; CI: 0.501-0.806). This ratio was significantly greater in BD than MDD (p = 0.027). CONCLUSION In MDD/BD, lowered RCT, a key antioxidant and anti-inflammatory pathway, may drive increased lipid peroxidation, aldehyde formation, and autoimmune responses to oxidative specific epitopes, which all together cause increased immune-inflammatory responses and neuro-affective toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas F Almulla
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Medical Laboratory Technology Department, College of Medical Technology, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
| | - Yanin Thipakorn
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | | | - Chavit Tunvirachaisakul
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Michael Maes
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria; Research Institute, Medical University in Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria; Department of Psychiatry, IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China; Key Laboratory of Psychosomatic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu 610072, China.
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Nyariki JN, Kimani NM, Kibet PS, Kinuthia GK, Isaac AO. Coenzyme Q10 exhibits anti-inflammatory and immune-modulatory thereby decelerating the occurrence of experimental cerebral malaria. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2023; 255:111579. [PMID: 37385350 DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2023.111579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral Malaria (CM) is associated with the complex neurological syndrome, whose pathology is mediated by severe inflammatory processes following infection with Plasmodium falciparum. Coenzyme-Q10 (Co-Q10) is a potent anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-apoptotic agent with numerous clinical applications. The aim of this study was to elucidate the role of oral administration of Co-Q10 on the initiation or regulation of inflammatory immune response during experimental cerebral malaria (ECM). For this purpose, the pre-clinical effect of Co-Q10 was evaluated in C57BL/6 J mice infected with Plasmodium berghei ANKA (PbA). Treatment with Co-Q10 resulted in the reduction of infiltrating parasite load, greatly improved the survival rate of PbA-infected mice that occurred independent of parasitaemia and prevented PbA-induced disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity. Exposure to Co-Q10 resulted in the reduction of infiltration of effector CD8 + T cells in the brain and secretion of cytolytic Granzyme B molecules. Notably, Co-Q10-treated mice had reduced levels of CD8 +T cell chemokines CXCR3, CCR2, and CCR5 in the brain following PbA-infection. Brain tissue analysis showed a reduction in the levels of inflammatory mediators TNF- α, CCL3, and RANTES in Co-Q10 administered mice. In addition, Co-Q10 modulated the differentiation and maturation of both splenic and brain dendritic cells and cross-presentation (CD8α+DCs) during ECM. Remarkably, Co-Q10 was very effective in decreasing levels of CD86, MHC-II, and CD40 in macrophages associated with ECM pathology. Exposure to Co-Q10 resulted in increased expression levels of Arginase-1 and Ym1/chitinase 3-like 3, which is linked to ECM protection. Furthermore, Co-Q10 supplementation prevented PbA-induced depletion of Arginase and CD206 mannose receptor levels. Co-Q10 abrogated PbA-driven elevation in pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-18, and IL-6 levels. In conclusion, the oral supplementation with Co-Q10 decelerates the occurrence of ECM by preventing lethal inflammatory immune responses and dampening genes associated with inflammation and immune-pathology during ECM, and offers an inimitable opening for developing an anti-inflammatory agent against cerebral malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Nyabuga Nyariki
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Technical of University of Kenya, P.O Box 52428-00200 Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Njogu M Kimani
- Department of Physical Sciences, University of Embu, P.O Box 6-60100 Embu, Kenya
| | - Peter Shikuku Kibet
- Department of Pathology, Hematology and Blood Transfusion thematic unit, University of Nairobi, PO Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Geoffrey K Kinuthia
- Department of Science & Public Health, Daystar University, PO Box 44400-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Alfred Orina Isaac
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, School Health Sciences and Biomedical Sciences, Technical University of Kenya, P.O Box 52428-00200 Nairobi, Kenya
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Dabbaghi Varnousfaderani S, Musazadeh V, Ghalichi F, Kavyani Z, Razmjouei S, Faghfouri AH, Ahrabi SS, Seyyed Shoura SM, Dehghan P. Alleviating effects of coenzyme Q10 supplements on biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress: results from an umbrella meta-analysis. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1191290. [PMID: 37614320 PMCID: PMC10442645 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1191290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Although several meta-analyses support the positive effect of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) on biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation, the results of some other studies reject such effects. Methods: Therefore, in this umbrella meta-analysis, we performed a comprehensive systematic search in such databases as Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Google Scholar up to January 2023. Results: Based on standardized mean difference analysis, CoQ10 supplementation significantly decreased serum C-reactive protein (CRP) (ESSMD = -0.39; 95% CI: 0.77, -0.01, p = 0.042) and malondialdehyde (MDA) (ESSMD = -1.17; 95% CI: 1.55, -0.79, p < 0.001), while it increased the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) (ESSMD = 1.21; 95% CI: 0.61, 1.81, p < 0.001) and serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity (ESSMD = 1.08; 95% CI: 0.37, 1.79, p = 0.003). However, CoQ10 supplementation had no significant reducing effect on tumor-necrosis factor-alpha (TNF- α) (ESSMD = -0.70; 95% CI: 2.09, 0.68, p = 0.320) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels (ESSMD = -0.85; 95% CI: 1.71, 0.01, p = 0.053). Based on weighted mean difference analysis, CoQ10 supplementation considerably decreased TNF-α (ESWMD = -0.46, 95% CI: 0.65, -0.27; p < 0.001), IL-6 (ESWMD = -0.92, 95% CI: 1.40, -0.45; p < 0.001), and CRP levels (effect sizes WMD = -0.28, 95% CI: 0.47, -0.09; p < 0.001). Discussion: The results of our meta-analysis supported the alleviating effects of CoQ10 on markers of inflammation cautiously. However, CoQ10 had antioxidant effects regarding the improvement of all the studied antioxidant and oxidative stress biomarkers. Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=323861, identifier CRD42022323861.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vali Musazadeh
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Faezeh Ghalichi
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Nutrition Research Center, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zeynab Kavyani
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Soha Razmjouei
- School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Faghfouri
- Maternal and Childhood Obesity Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Sana Sedgh Ahrabi
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Parvin Dehghan
- Nutrition Research Center, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Fakhrolmobasheri M, Hosseini MS, Shahrokh SG, Mohammadi Z, Kahlani MJ, Majidi SE, Zeinalian M. Coenzyme Q10 and Its Therapeutic Potencies Against COVID-19 and Other Similar Infections: A Molecular Review. Adv Pharm Bull 2023; 13:233-243. [PMID: 37342382 PMCID: PMC10278218 DOI: 10.34172/apb.2023.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: New lethal coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), currently, has been converted to a disastrous pandemic worldwide. As there has been found no definitive treatment for the infection in this review we focused on molecular aspects of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) and possible therapeutic potencies of CoQ10 against COVID-19 and similar infections. Methods: This is a narrative review in which we used some authentic resources including PubMed, ISI, Scopus, Science Direct, Cochrane, and some preprint databases, the molecular aspects of CoQ10 effects, regarding to the COVID-19 pathogenesis, have been analyzed and discussed. Results: CoQ10 is an essential cofactor in the electron transport chain of the phosphorylative oxidation system. It is a powerful lipophilic antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory supplement which has been tested for the management and prevention of a variety of diseases particularly diseases with inflammatory pathogenesis. CoQ10 is a strong anti-inflammatory agent which can reduce tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)- 6, C-reactive protein (CRP), and other inflammatory cytokines. The cardio-protective role of CoQ10 in improving viral myocarditis and drug induced cardiotoxicity has been determined in different studies. CoQ10 could also improve the interference in the RAS system caused by COVID-19 through exerting anti-Angiotensin II effects and decreasing oxidative stress. CoQ10 passes easily through blood-brain barrier (BBB). As a neuroprotective agent CoQ10 can reduce oxidative stress and modulate the immunologic reactions. These properties may help to reduce CNS inflammation and prevent BBB damage and neuronal apoptosis in COVID-19 patients. Conclusion: CoQ10 supplementation may prevent the COVID-19-induced morbidities with a potential protective role against the deleterious consequences of the disease, further clinical evaluations are encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Fakhrolmobasheri
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mahnaz-Sadat Hosseini
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Seyedeh-Ghazal Shahrokh
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zahra Mohammadi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Javad Kahlani
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Technologies, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Seyed-Erfan Majidi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Zeinalian
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Pediatric Inherited Disease Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Iranians Cancer Control Charity Institute (MACSA), Isfahan, Iran
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KIANI AYSHAKARIM, DONATO KEVIN, DHULI KRISTJANA, STUPPIA LIBORIO, BERTELLI MATTEO. Dietary supplements for polycystic ovary syndrome. JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE AND HYGIENE 2022; 63:E206-E213. [PMID: 36479481 PMCID: PMC9710389 DOI: 10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2022.63.2s3.2762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most prevalent female endocrine reproductive disorders, affecting between 4 to 18% of the women in their reproductive age. It is generally characterized by several clinical aspects, among which anovulation, inflammation and infertility. Moreover, PCOS has several health implications, including increased metabolic, reproductive, and psychological risks. Previously, metformin and to some extent thiazolidinediones were considered as drug of choice for PCOS management, but they had several side-effects, and controversial results were obtained about their efficiency, especially in non-insulin-resistant non-obese patients. Thus, alternative treatment options are now being studied for PCOS, including different natural molecules and complementary medicines (CM) for the improvement of their health, wellbeing and fertility. Recently, treatment of PCOS patients with different natural molecules, coming from nutritional supplements and herbal medicines, has attained satisfactory results with the absence of any side effects. In this review, four natural molecules, curcumin, vitamin D, inositol and CoQ10 are discussed for their therapeutic ability. These molecules proved to decrease insulin sensitivity and inflammation, to improve the restoration of ovarian function, and they could restore hormonal balance and regulate the menstrual cycle, all of which are the main features and major concerns for women suffering from PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - KEVIN DONATO
- MAGI Euregio, Bolzano, Italy
- Correspondence: Kevin Donato, MAGI Euregio, Via Maso della Pieve 60/A, 39100 Bolzano, Italy. E-mail:
| | | | - LIBORIO STUPPIA
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University, Chieti, Italy
| | - MATTEO BERTELLI
- MAGI Euregio, Bolzano, Italy
- MAGI’s Lab, Rovereto, Italy
- MAGISNAT, Peachtree Corners, USA
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6
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Karamali M, Gholizadeh M. The effects of coenzyme Q10 supplementation on metabolic profiles and parameters of mental health in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Gynecol Endocrinol 2022; 38:45-49. [PMID: 34664527 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2021.1991910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Evaluating the impact of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) supplementation on hormonal indices, mental health, and biomarkers of inflammatory responses and oxidative stress among female patients suffering from polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). METHODS The present double-blinded, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial consisted of 55 PCOS women (aged 18-40 years old), who were randomized into groups receiving 100 mg/day of CoQ10 (28 cases) or placebo (27 cases) for 12 weeks. RESULTS The supplementation of CoQ10 decreased significantly the scores of Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) (p = .03) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) (p = .01) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) level (p = .005) when comparing with the placebo group. Moreover, CoQ10 group exhibited a significant drop in total testosterone (p = .004), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) (p < .001), hirsutism (p = .002) and malondialdehyde (MDA) (p = .001) levels in the serum, and a significant rise in sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) (p < .001) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) (p < .001) levels in the serum than the placebo group. CONCLUSIONS 12-week supplementation of CoQ10 to PCOS women showed beneficial impact on BDI, BAI, hs-CRP, total testosterone, DHEAS, hirsutism, SHBG, TAC and MDA levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Karamali
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Gholizadeh
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Hasanloei MAV, Zeinaly A, Rahimlou M, Houshyar H, Moonesirad S, Hashemi R. Effect of coenzyme Q10 supplementation on oxidative stress and clinical outcomes in patients with low levels of coenzyme Q10 admitted to the intensive care unit. J Nutr Sci 2021; 10:e48. [PMID: 34290862 PMCID: PMC8278158 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2021.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Today, trauma is known to be the third leading cause of death in most countries. Studies have demonstrated below-normal plasma levels of antioxidants in trauma patients. The present study aimed to assess the efficacy of Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) on oxidative stress, clinical outcomes and anthropometrical parameters in traumatic mechanical ventilated patients admitted to the intensive care unit. Patients were randomised to receive sublingual CoQ10 (400 mg/d) or placebo for 7 d. Primary and secondary outcomes were measured at the baseline and end of the study. We enrolled forty patients for this trial: twenty in the CoQ10 group and twenty in the placebo group. There was not any significant difference in the baseline variables (P > 0⋅05). At the end of the study, CoQ10 administration caused a considerable reduction in the Malondialdehyde (MDA) and Interleukin 6 (IL-6) concentrations (P < 0⋅001), Glasgow Coma Score (GCS; P = 0⋅02), ICU and hospital length of stay and mechanical ventilation (MV) duration (P < 0⋅001). We found that CoQ10 administration could increase Fat-Free Mass (P < 0⋅001) (FFM; P = 0⋅04), Skeletal Muscle Mass (SMM; P = 0⋅04) and Body Cell Mass (BCM) percent (P = 0⋅03). There was not any significant difference in other factors between the two groups (P > 0⋅05). CoQ10 administration has beneficial effects on patients with traumatic injury and has no side effects. However, since the possibility of the type II error was high, the outcomes on the duration of MV, ICU stay and hospital stay, and GCS may very well be false positives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Amin Valizade Hasanloei
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Ershad Ave, 5756151818Urmia, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran
| | - Aidin Zeinaly
- Department of Anesthesiology, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, 11 km SERO Road, 5756151818Urmia, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran
| | - Mehran Rahimlou
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Hadi Houshyar
- Department of Anesthesiology, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Imam Khomeini Avenue, 5756151818Urmia, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran
| | - Solma Moonesirad
- Urmia University of Medical Sciences, 11 km SERO Road, 5756151818Urmia, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran
| | - Reza Hashemi
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Ershad Ave, 5756151818Urmia, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran
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Taghizadeh S, Izadi A, Shirazi S, Parizad M, Pourghassem Gargari B. The effect of coenzyme Q10 supplementation on inflammatory and endothelial dysfunction markers in overweight/obese polycystic ovary syndrome patients. Gynecol Endocrinol 2021; 37:26-30. [PMID: 32544011 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2020.1779689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed at determining the effects of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) supplementation on the inflammatory and endothelial dysfunction indices among overweight and obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). METHODS This randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was performed among overweight and obese women diagnosed with PCOS. Forty three PCOS women were randomly assigned to two groups: one group received 200 mg CoQ10 capsules per day (n = 22) and the other received placebo (n = 21) for 8 weeks. Biomarkers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction including high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and E-selectin were measured and compared before and after the intervention. RESULTS At the end of study, compared with pldacebo, CoQ10 supplementation resulted in significant decreases in serum levels of TNF-α (p = 0.009), hs-CRP and IL-6 (p = 0.001, p = 0.007, respectively). In addition, supplementation with CoQ10 resulted in a significant reduction in serum VCAM-1 (p = .002) and E-selectin (p = .006) compared with the control group. There were no significant differences for serum ICAM-1. CONCLUSIONS The present study showed that CoQ10 supplementation for 8 weeks had a beneficial effect on inflammatory and endothelial dysfunction markers in overweight and obese patients with PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Taghizadeh
- Department of Biochemistry and Diet Therapy, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Azimeh Izadi
- Department of Biochemistry and Diet Therapy, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shabnam Shirazi
- Department of Biochemistry and Diet Therapy, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Marziyeh Parizad
- Women's Reproductive Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Bahram Pourghassem Gargari
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Diet Therapy, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Morris G, Puri BK, Walker AJ, Maes M, Carvalho AF, Bortolasci CC, Walder K, Berk M. Shared pathways for neuroprogression and somatoprogression in neuropsychiatric disorders. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 107:862-882. [PMID: 31545987 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Activated immune-inflammatory, oxidative and nitrosative stress (IO&NS) pathways and consequent mitochondrial aberrations are involved in the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders including major depression, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. They offer independent and shared contributions to pathways underpinning medical comorbidities including insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, obesity and cardiovascular disease - herein conceptualized as somatoprogression. This narrative review of human studies aims to summarize relationships between IO&NS pathways, neuroprogression and somatoprogression. Activated IO&NS pathways, implicated in the neuroprogression of psychiatric disorders, affect the pathogenesis of comorbidities including insulin resistance, dyslipidaemia, obesity and hypertension, and by inference, metabolic syndrome. These conditions activate IO&NS pathways, exacerbating neuroprogression in psychiatric disorders. The processes whereby proinflammatory cytokines, nitrosative and endoplasmic reticulum stress, NADPH oxidase isoforms, PPARγ inactivation, SIRT1 deficiency and intracellular signalling pathways impact lipid metabolism and storage are considered. Through associations between body mass index, chronic neuroinflammation and FTO expression, activation of IO&NS pathways arising from somatoprogression may contribute to neuroprogression. Early evidence highlights the potential of adjuvants targeting IO&NS pathways for treating somatoprogression and neuroprogression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerwyn Morris
- Deakin University, IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Barwon Health, School of Medicine, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Basant K Puri
- Department of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Adam J Walker
- Deakin University, IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Barwon Health, School of Medicine, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael Maes
- Deakin University, IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Barwon Health, School of Medicine, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andre F Carvalho
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Chiara C Bortolasci
- Deakin University, CMMR Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ken Walder
- Deakin University, CMMR Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael Berk
- Deakin University, IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Barwon Health, School of Medicine, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; Deakin University, CMMR Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, the Department of Psychiatry and the Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
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Lu M, Zhou Y, Wang Z, Xia Z, Ren J, Guo Q. Clinical phenotype, in silico and biomedical analyses, and intervention for an East Asian population-specific c.370G>A (p.G124S) COQ4 mutation in a Chinese family with CoQ10 deficiency-associated Leigh syndrome. J Hum Genet 2019; 64:297-304. [PMID: 30659264 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-019-0563-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
COQ4 mutations have recently been shown to cause a broad spectrum of mitochondrial disorders in association with CoQ10 deficiency. Herein, we report the clinical phenotype, in silico and biochemical analyses, and intervention for a novel c.370 G > A (p.G124S) COQ4 mutation in a Chinese family. This mutation is exclusively present in the East Asian population (allele frequency of ~0.001). The homozygous mutation caused CoQ10 deficiency-associated Leigh syndrome with an onset at 1-2 months of age, presenting as respiratory distress, lactic acidosis, dystonia, seizures, failure to thrive, and detectable lesions in the midbrain and basal ganglia. No renal impairment was involved. The levels of CoQ10 and mitochondrial respiratory chain complex (C) II + III activity were clearly lower in cultured fibroblasts derived from the patient than in those from unaffected carriers; the decreased CII + III activity could be increased by CoQ10 treatment. Follow-up studies suggested that our patient benefitted from the oral supplementation of CoQ10, which allowed her to maintain a relatively stable health status. Based on the genetic testing, preimplantation and prenatal diagnoses were performed, confirming that the next offspring of this family was unaffected. Our cases expand the phenotypic spectrum of COQ4 mutations and the genotypic spectrum of Leigh syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Lu
- United Diagnostic and Research Center for Clinical Genetics, School of Public Health of Xiamen University & Xiamen Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Xiamen, Fujian, 361003, China.,Department of Pediatrics, Xiamen Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Xiamen, Fujian, 361003, China
| | - Yulin Zhou
- United Diagnostic and Research Center for Clinical Genetics, School of Public Health of Xiamen University & Xiamen Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Xiamen, Fujian, 361003, China
| | - Zengge Wang
- United Diagnostic and Research Center for Clinical Genetics, School of Public Health of Xiamen University & Xiamen Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Xiamen, Fujian, 361003, China
| | - Zhongmin Xia
- United Diagnostic and Research Center for Clinical Genetics, School of Public Health of Xiamen University & Xiamen Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Xiamen, Fujian, 361003, China
| | - Jun Ren
- Department of Dermatology, Zhongshan Hospital Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361003, China.
| | - Qiwei Guo
- United Diagnostic and Research Center for Clinical Genetics, School of Public Health of Xiamen University & Xiamen Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Xiamen, Fujian, 361003, China.
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Gutierrez-Mariscal FM, Yubero-Serrano EM, Villalba JM, Lopez-Miranda J. Coenzyme Q10: From bench to clinic in aging diseases, a translational review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 59:2240-2257. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1442316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco M. Gutierrez-Mariscal
- Lipid and Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Internal Medicine/IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena M. Yubero-Serrano
- Lipid and Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Internal Medicine/IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose M. Villalba
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología e Inmunología, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, ceiA3, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Jose Lopez-Miranda
- Lipid and Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Internal Medicine/IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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12
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Saleh DO, Ahmed RF, Amin MM. Modulatory role of Co-enzyme Q10 on methionine and choline deficient diet-induced non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in albino rats. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2017; 42:243-249. [DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2016-0320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the hepato-protective and neuro-protective activity of Co-enzyme Q10 (CoQ10) on non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in albino rats induced by methionine and choline-deficient (MCD) diet. Rats were fed an MCD diet for 8 weeks to induce non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. CoQ10 (10 mg/(kg·day)−1) was orally administered for 2 consecutive weeks. Twenty-four hours after the last dose of the drug, the behavioral test, namely the activity cage test, was performed and the activity counts were recorded. Serum alanine transaminase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, total/direct bilirubin, and albumin were valued to assess liver function. Moreover, hepatic cytokines interleukin-6 as well as its modulator nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells were determined. In addition, brain biomarkers, viz ammonia, nitric oxide, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), were measured as they are reliable indices to assess brain damage. Histopathological and immunohistochemical examination of brain proliferating cell nuclear antigen in brain and liver tissues were also evaluated. Results revealed that MCD-induced NASH showed impairment in the liver functions with an increase in the liver inflammatory markers. Moreover, NASH resulted in pronounced brain dysfunction as evidenced by hyper-locomotor activity, a decrease in the BDNF level, as well as an increase in the brain nitric oxide and ammonia contents. Oral treatment of MCD-diet−fed rats with CoQ10 for 14 days showed a marked improvement in all the assigned parameters. Finally, it can be concluded that CoQ10 has a hepatoprotective and neuroprotective role in MCD-diet−induced NASH in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia O. Saleh
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Division, National Research Centre, 33 EL Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Division, National Research Centre, 33 EL Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Rania F. Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Division, National Research Centre, 33 EL Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Division, National Research Centre, 33 EL Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M. Amin
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Division, National Research Centre, 33 EL Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Division, National Research Centre, 33 EL Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
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Zhai J, Bo Y, Lu Y, Liu C, Zhang L. Effects of Coenzyme Q10 on Markers of Inflammation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170172. [PMID: 28125601 PMCID: PMC5268485 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Objective Chronic inflammation contributes to the onset and development of metabolic diseases. Clinical evidence has suggested that coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) has some effects on inflammatory markers. However, these results are equivocal. The aim of this systematic review was to assess the effects of CoQ10 on serum levels of inflammatory markers in people with metabolic diseases. Methods Electronic databases were searched up to February 2016 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The outcome parameters were related to inflammatory factors, including interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and C reactive protein (CRP). RevMan software was used for meta-analysis. Meta-regression analysis, Egger line regression test and Begg rank correlation test were performed by STATA software. Results Nine trials involving 428 subjects were included in this meta-analysis. The results showed that compared with control group, CoQ10 supplementation has significantly improved the serum level of CoQ10 by 1.17μg/ml [MD = 1.17, 95% CI (0.47 to 1.87) μg/ml, I2 = 94%]. Meanwhile, it has significantly decreased TNF-α by 0.45 pg/ml [MD = -0.45, 95% CI (-0.67 to -0.24) pg/ml, I2 = 0%]. No significant difference was observed between CoQ10 and placebo with regard to CRP [MD = -0.21, 95% CI (-0.60 to 0.17) mg/L, I2 = 21%] and IL-6 [MD = -0.89, 95% CI (-1.95 to 0.16) pg/ml, I2 = 84%]. Conclusions CoQ10 supplementation may partly improve the process of inflammatory state. The effects of CoQ10 on inflammation should be further investigated by conducting larger sample size and well-defined trials of long enough duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junya Zhai
- Department of Nutrition, Food Safety and Toxicology, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University. Chengdu, China
| | - Yacong Bo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital (North), Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunli Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Lishi Zhang
- Department of Nutrition, Food Safety and Toxicology, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University. Chengdu, China
- * E-mail:
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Fukuda S, Nojima J, Kajimoto O, Yamaguti K, Nakatomi Y, Kuratsune H, Watanabe Y. Ubiquinol-10 supplementation improves autonomic nervous function and cognitive function in chronic fatigue syndrome. Biofactors 2016; 42:431-40. [PMID: 27125909 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the benefit of oral ubiquinol-10 supplementation in CFS patients using an open-label study and a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled (RCT) study. Twenty patients with CFS were randomly enrolled in an 8-week open-label oral ubiquinol-10 (150 mg ubiquinol-10/day) study. The patients and the attending physicians were not blinded to the supplementation. Forty-three patients with CFS were randomly assigned to receive either ubiquinol-10 (150 mg/day) or placebo every day for 12 weeks. The patients and the attending physicians were blinded to the supplementation, and a total of 31 patients (N = 17 in the ubiquinol group and 14 in the placebo group) completed the study. The beneficial effects of ubiquinol-10 were observed in the open-label study we conducted prior to the RCT. The RCT results suggest that supplementation with ubiquinol-10 for 12 weeks is effective for improving several CFS symptoms. © 2016 BioFactors, 42(4):431-440, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanae Fukuda
- University of Kansai Welfare Sciences, 3-11-1 Asahigaoka, Kashiwara, Osaka, 582-0026, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, 6-7-3 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan
- Department of Physiology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahimachi, Abenoku, Osaka City, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Junzo Nojima
- Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minamiogushi, Ube City, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Osami Kajimoto
- Department of Medical Science on Fatigue, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahimachi, Abenoku, Osaka City, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Kouzi Yamaguti
- Department of Physiology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahimachi, Abenoku, Osaka City, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahimachi, Abenoku, Osaka City, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Nakatomi
- Department of Physiology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahimachi, Abenoku, Osaka City, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahimachi, Abenoku, Osaka City, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Hirohiko Kuratsune
- University of Kansai Welfare Sciences, 3-11-1 Asahigaoka, Kashiwara, Osaka, 582-0026, Japan
- Department of Physiology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahimachi, Abenoku, Osaka City, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahimachi, Abenoku, Osaka City, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Yasuyoshi Watanabe
- RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, 6-7-3 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan
- Department of Physiology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahimachi, Abenoku, Osaka City, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
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15
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Degenhardt F, Niklowitz P, Szymczak S, Jacobs G, Lieb W, Menke T, Laudes M, Esko T, Weidinger S, Franke A, Döring F, Onur S. Genome-wide association study of serum coenzyme Q10 levels identifies susceptibility loci linked to neuronal diseases. Hum Mol Genet 2016; 25:2881-2891. [PMID: 27149984 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a lipophilic redox molecule that is present in membranes of almost all cells in human tissues. CoQ10 is, amongst other functions, essential for the respiratory transport chain and is a modulator of inflammatory processes and gene expression. Rare monogenetic CoQ10 deficiencies show noticeable symptoms in tissues (e.g. kidney) and cell types (e.g. neurons) with a high energy demand. To identify common genetic variants influencing serum CoQ10 levels, we performed a fixed effects meta-analysis in two independent cross-sectional Northern German cohorts comprising 1300 individuals in total. We identified two genome-wide significant susceptibility loci. The best associated single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) was rs9952641 (P value = 1.31 × 10 -8, β = 0.063, CI0.95 [0.041, 0.085]) within the COLEC12 gene on chromosome 18. The SNP rs933585 within the NRXN-1 gene on chromosome 2 also showed genome wide significance (P value = 3.64 × 10 -8, β = -0.034, CI0.95 [-0.046, -0.022]). Both genes have been previously linked to neuronal diseases like Alzheimer's disease, autism and schizophrenia. Among our 'top-10' associated variants, four additional loci with known neuronal connections showed suggestive associations with CoQ10 levels. In summary, this study demonstrates that serum CoQ10 levels are associated with common genetic loci that are linked to neuronal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frauke Degenhardt
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Schittenhelmstr. 12, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Petra Niklowitz
- Children's Hospital Datteln, Witten/Herdecke University, Dr.-Friedrich-Steiner Str. 5, 45711 Datteln, Germany
| | - Silke Szymczak
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Schittenhelmstr. 12, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Gunnar Jacobs
- Institute of Epidemiology and Biobank PopGen, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Niemannsweg 11, Haus 1, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Lieb
- Institute of Epidemiology and Biobank PopGen, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Niemannsweg 11, Haus 1, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Thomas Menke
- Children's Hospital Datteln, Witten/Herdecke University, Dr.-Friedrich-Steiner Str. 5, 45711 Datteln, Germany
| | - Matthias Laudes
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Straße 3, Haus 6, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Tõnu Esko
- Estonian Research Center, University of Tartu, Riia 23b, 51010, Tartu, Estland
| | - Stephan Weidinger
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Schittenhelmstraße 7, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Schittenhelmstr. 12, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Frank Döring
- Division of Molecular Prevention, Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Heinrich-Hecht-Platz 10, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Simone Onur
- Division of Molecular Prevention, Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Heinrich-Hecht-Platz 10, 24118 Kiel, Germany
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Conti V, Izzo V, Corbi G, Russomanno G, Manzo V, De Lise F, Di Donato A, Filippelli A. Antioxidant Supplementation in the Treatment of Aging-Associated Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:24. [PMID: 26903869 PMCID: PMC4751263 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is generally considered as the consequence of an imbalance between pro- and antioxidants species, which often results into indiscriminate and global damage at the organismal level. Elderly people are more susceptible to oxidative stress and this depends, almost in part, from a decreased performance of their endogenous antioxidant system. As many studies reported an inverse correlation between systemic levels of antioxidants and several diseases, primarily cardiovascular diseases, but also diabetes and neurological disorders, antioxidant supplementation has been foreseen as an effective preventive and therapeutic intervention for aging-associated pathologies. However, the expectations of this therapeutic approach have often been partially disappointed by clinical trials. The interplay of both endogenous and exogenous antioxidants with the systemic redox system is very complex and represents an issue that is still under debate. In this review a selection of recent clinical studies concerning antioxidants supplementation and the evaluation of their influence in aging-related diseases is analyzed. The controversial outcomes of antioxidants supplementation therapies, which might partially depend from an underestimation of the patient specific metabolic demand and genetic background, are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Conti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno Baronissi, Italy
| | - Viviana Izzo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno Baronissi, Italy
| | - Graziamaria Corbi
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise Campobasso, Italy
| | - Giusy Russomanno
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno Baronissi, Italy
| | - Valentina Manzo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno Baronissi, Italy
| | - Federica De Lise
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II Naples, Italy
| | - Alberto Di Donato
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II Naples, Italy
| | - Amelia Filippelli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno Baronissi, Italy
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Botham KM, Napolitano M, Bravo E. The Emerging Role of Disturbed CoQ Metabolism in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Development and Progression. Nutrients 2015; 7:9834-46. [PMID: 26633474 PMCID: PMC4690053 DOI: 10.3390/nu7125501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), characterised by the accumulation of triacylglycerol in the liver, is the most common liver disorder, the causes of its development and progression to the more serious non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) remain incompletely understood. Oxidative stress has been implicated as a key factor in both these processes, and mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation are also believed to play a part. Coenzyme Q (CoQ) is a powerful antioxidant found in all cell membranes which has an essential role in mitochondrial respiration and also has anti-inflammatory properties. NAFLD has been shown to be associated with disturbances in plasma and liver CoQ concentrations, but the relationship between these changes and disease development and progression is not yet clear. Dietary supplementation with CoQ has been found to be hepatoprotective and to reduce oxidative stress and inflammation as well as improving mitochondrial dysfunction, suggesting that it may be beneficial in NAFLD. However, studies using animal models or patients with NAFLD have given inconclusive results. Overall, evidence is now emerging to indicate that disturbances in CoQ metabolism are involved in NAFLD development and progression to NASH, and this highlights the need for further studies with human subjects to fully clarify its role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen M Botham
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Royal College St., London NW1-0TU, UK.
| | - Mariarosaria Napolitano
- Department of Haematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome 00161, Italy.
| | - Elena Bravo
- Department of Haematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome 00161, Italy.
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Fischer A, Niklowitz P, Menke T, Döring F. Coenzyme Q regulates the expression of essential genes of the pathogen- and xenobiotic-associated defense pathway in C. elegans. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2015; 57:171-7. [PMID: 26566301 PMCID: PMC4639588 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.15-46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q (CoQ) is necessary for mitochondrial energy production and modulates the expression of genes that are important for inflammatory processes, growth and detoxification reactions. A cellular surveillance-activated detoxification and defenses (cSADDs) pathway has been recently identified in C. elegans. The down-regulation of the components of the cSADDs pathway initiates an aversion behavior of the nematode. Here we hypothesized that CoQ regulates genes of the cSADDs pathway. To verify this we generated CoQ-deficient worms ("CoQ-free") and performed whole-genome expression profiling. We found about 30% (120 genes) of the cSADDs pathway genes were differentially regulated under CoQ-deficient condition. Remarkably, 83% of these genes were down-regulated. The majority of the CoQ-sensitive cSADDs pathway genes encode for proteins involved in larval development (enrichment score (ES) = 38.0, p = 5.0E(-37)), aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, proteasome function (ES 8.2, p = 5.9E(-31)) and mitochondria function (ES 3.4, p = 1.7E(-5)). 67% (80 genes) of these genes are categorized as lethal. Thus it is shown for the first time that CoQ regulates a substantial number of essential genes that function in the evolutionary conserved cellular surveillance-activated detoxification and defenses pathway in C. elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Fischer
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Division of Molecular Prevention, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Heinrich-Hecht-Platz 10, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Petra Niklowitz
- Children's Hospital of Datteln, Witten/Herdecke University, Dr.-Friedrich-Steiner Str. 5, 45711 Datteln, Germany
| | - Thomas Menke
- Children's Hospital of Datteln, Witten/Herdecke University, Dr.-Friedrich-Steiner Str. 5, 45711 Datteln, Germany
| | - Frank Döring
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Division of Molecular Prevention, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Heinrich-Hecht-Platz 10, 24118 Kiel, Germany
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Neyrinck AM, Catry E, Sohet FM, Cani PD, Pachikian BD, Bindels LB, Delzenne NM. Lack of anti-inflammatory effect of coenzyme Q10 supplementation in the liver of rodents after lipopolysaccharide challenge. CLINICAL NUTRITION EXPERIMENTAL 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yclnex.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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20
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Fischer A, Klapper M, Onur S, Menke T, Niklowitz P, Döring F. Dietary restriction decreases coenzyme Q and ubiquinol potentially via changes in gene expression in the model organism C. elegans. Biofactors 2015; 41:166-74. [PMID: 25939481 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Dietary restriction (DR) is a robust intervention that extends both health span and life span in many organisms. Ubiquinol and ubiquinone represent the reduced and oxidized forms of coenzyme Q (CoQ). CoQ plays a central role in energy metabolism and functions in several cellular processes including gene expression. Here we used the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans to determine level and redox state of CoQ and expression of genes in response to DR. We found that DR down-regulates the steady-state expression levels of several evolutionary conserved genes (i.e. coq-1) that encode key enzymes of the mevalonate and CoQ-synthesizing pathways. In line with this, DR decreases the levels of total CoQ and ubiquinol. This CoQ-reducing effect of DR is obvious in adult worms but not in L4 larvae and is also evident in the eat-2 mutant, a genetic model of DR. In conclusion, we propose that DR reduces the level of CoQ and ubiquinol via gene expression in the model organism C. elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Fischer
- Division of Molecular Prevention, Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Maja Klapper
- Division of Molecular Prevention, Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Simone Onur
- Division of Molecular Prevention, Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Thomas Menke
- Children's Hospital of Datteln, Witten/Herdecke University, Datteln, Germany
| | - Petra Niklowitz
- Children's Hospital of Datteln, Witten/Herdecke University, Datteln, Germany
| | - Frank Döring
- Division of Molecular Prevention, Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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Brea-Calvo G, Haack TB, Karall D, Ohtake A, Invernizzi F, Carrozzo R, Kremer L, Dusi S, Fauth C, Scholl-Bürgi S, Graf E, Ahting U, Resta N, Laforgia N, Verrigni D, Okazaki Y, Kohda M, Martinelli D, Freisinger P, Strom TM, Meitinger T, Lamperti C, Lacson A, Navas P, Mayr JA, Bertini E, Murayama K, Zeviani M, Prokisch H, Ghezzi D. COQ4 mutations cause a broad spectrum of mitochondrial disorders associated with CoQ10 deficiency. Am J Hum Genet 2015; 96:309-17. [PMID: 25658047 PMCID: PMC4320255 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2014.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) deficiencies are rare, clinically heterogeneous disorders caused by mutations in several genes encoding proteins involved in CoQ10 biosynthesis. CoQ10 is an essential component of the electron transport chain (ETC), where it shuttles electrons from complex I or II to complex III. By whole-exome sequencing, we identified five individuals carrying biallelic mutations in COQ4. The precise function of human COQ4 is not known, but it seems to play a structural role in stabilizing a multiheteromeric complex that contains most of the CoQ10 biosynthetic enzymes. The clinical phenotypes of the five subjects varied widely, but four had a prenatal or perinatal onset with early fatal outcome. Two unrelated individuals presented with severe hypotonia, bradycardia, respiratory insufficiency, and heart failure; two sisters showed antenatal cerebellar hypoplasia, neonatal respiratory-distress syndrome, and epileptic encephalopathy. The fifth subject had an early-onset but slowly progressive clinical course dominated by neurological deterioration with hardly any involvement of other organs. All available specimens from affected subjects showed reduced amounts of CoQ10 and often displayed a decrease in CoQ10-dependent ETC complex activities. The pathogenic role of all identified mutations was experimentally validated in a recombinant yeast model; oxidative growth, strongly impaired in strains lacking COQ4, was corrected by expression of human wild-type COQ4 cDNA but failed to be corrected by expression of COQ4 cDNAs with any of the mutations identified in affected subjects. COQ4 mutations are responsible for early-onset mitochondrial diseases with heterogeneous clinical presentations and associated with CoQ10 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Brea-Calvo
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas - Junta de Andalucía and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Tobias B Haack
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Daniela Karall
- Clinic for Pediatrics, Division of Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Akira Ohtake
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama 350-0495, Japan
| | - Federica Invernizzi
- Unit of Molecular Neurogenetics, Foundation of the Carlo Besta Neurological Institute, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carettere Scientifico, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Rosalba Carrozzo
- Unit for Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carettere Scientifico, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Kremer
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Sabrina Dusi
- Unit of Molecular Neurogenetics, Foundation of the Carlo Besta Neurological Institute, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carettere Scientifico, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Christine Fauth
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Medical Genetics, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sabine Scholl-Bürgi
- Clinic for Pediatrics, Division of Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Graf
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Uwe Ahting
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Nicoletta Resta
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70121 Bari, Italy
| | - Nicola Laforgia
- Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70121 Bari, Italy
| | - Daniela Verrigni
- Unit for Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carettere Scientifico, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Yasushi Okazaki
- Division of Translational Research, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama 350-1241, Japan; Division of Functional Genomics & Systems Medicine, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama 350-1241, Japan
| | - Masakazu Kohda
- Division of Translational Research, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama 350-1241, Japan
| | - Diego Martinelli
- Unit of Metabolism, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carettere Scientifico, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Peter Freisinger
- Department of Pediatrics, Klinikum Reutlingen, 72764 Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Tim M Strom
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Meitinger
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Costanza Lamperti
- Unit of Molecular Neurogenetics, Foundation of the Carlo Besta Neurological Institute, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carettere Scientifico, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Atilano Lacson
- Walter Mackenzie Health Sciences Centre, 8440 112 Street NW, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada
| | - Placido Navas
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas - Junta de Andalucía and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Johannes A Mayr
- Department of Pediatrics, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Enrico Bertini
- Unit for Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carettere Scientifico, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Kei Murayama
- Department of Metabolism, Chiba Children's Hospital, Chiba 266-0007, Japan; Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba 260-8717, Japan
| | - Massimo Zeviani
- Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Medical Research Council, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Holger Prokisch
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany.
| | - Daniele Ghezzi
- Unit of Molecular Neurogenetics, Foundation of the Carlo Besta Neurological Institute, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carettere Scientifico, 20126 Milan, Italy.
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Onur S, Niklowitz P, Jacobs G, Lieb W, Menke T, Döring F. Association between serum level of ubiquinol and NT-proBNP, a marker for chronic heart failure, in healthy elderly subjects. Biofactors 2015; 41:35-43. [PMID: 25728634 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Revised: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquinone and ubiquinol represent the oxidized and reduced forms of Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10). CoQ10 is present in membranes of almost all human tissues and organs, with highest concentration in the heart. In patients with heart failure, serum levels of the N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) are an indicator of disease severity. Here, we investigated the relationship between serum levels of CoQ10 and NT-proBNP in healthy volunteers of an elderly study population (mean age 52 years, n = 871). We found a negative association between serum levels of ubiquinol and NT-proBNP (P < 0.001). Accordingly, the CoQ10 redox state (% oxidized form of CoQ10) is positively associated with serum NT-proBNP level (P < 0.001). Compared to patients who survived a myocardial infarction (n = 21), healthy subjects have lower NT-proBNP level (500.39 ± 631.28 pg/ml vs. 76.90 ± 120.27 pg/ml, P < 0.001), higher ubiquinol serum level (0.43 ± 0.19 µmol/L vs. 0.71 ± 0.32 µmol/L; P < 0.001), and a lower CoQ10 redox state (27.6 ± 13.8% vs. 17.6 ± 10.1%; P < 0.001). Interestingly, ubiquinol supplementation (150 mg/day; 14 day; n = 53) slightly reduces the expression of CLCN6, a gene related to NT-proBNP level. In summary, higher serum levels of ubiquinol are associated with lower serum NT-proBNP levels in healthy elderly subjects. However, to what extent a high serum level of ubiquinol is a protective factor for heart failure remains to be elucidated in prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Onur
- Division of Molecular Prevention, Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Christian Albrechts University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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Brauner H, Lüthje P, Grünler J, Ekberg NR, Dallner G, Brismar K, Brauner A. Markers of innate immune activity in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus and the effect of the anti-oxidant coenzyme Q10 on inflammatory activity. Clin Exp Immunol 2014; 177:478-82. [PMID: 24593795 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Major long-term complications in patients with diabetes are related to oxidative stress, caused by the hyperglycaemia characteristic for diabetes mellitus. The anti-oxidant coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) has therefore been proposed as a beneficial supplement to diabetes treatment. Apart from its anti-oxidative function, CoQ10 appears to modulate immune functions by largely unknown mechanisms. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate the effect of CoQ10 on antimicrobial peptides and natural killer (NK) cells, both innate immune components implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetes and diabetes-associated long-term complications such as cardiovascular disease. We determined serum levels of antimicrobial peptides and the phenotype of NK cells isolated from peripheral blood of patients with type 1 (T1DM) or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and from healthy controls. In addition, the same parameters were determined in diabetic patients after a 12-week period of CoQ10 supplementation. Two antimicrobial peptides, the human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide (CAMP) and the human beta defensin 1 (hBD1), were reduced in serum from patients with T1DM. This defect was not reversible by CoQ10 supplementation. In contrast, CoQ10 reduced the levels of circulating hBD2 in these patients and induced changes in subset distribution and activation markers in peripheral NK cells. The results of the present study open up novel approaches in the prevention of long-term complications associated to T1DM, although further investigations are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Brauner
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Fischer A, Niklowitz P, Menke T, Döring F. Promotion of growth by Coenzyme Q10 is linked to gene expression in C. elegans. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 452:920-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Onur S, Niklowitz P, Jacobs G, Nöthlings U, Lieb W, Menke T, Döring F. Ubiquinol reduces gamma glutamyltransferase as a marker of oxidative stress in humans. BMC Res Notes 2014; 7:427. [PMID: 24996614 PMCID: PMC4105833 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-7-427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The reduced form of Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), ubiquinol (Q10H2), serves as a potent antioxidant in mitochondria and lipid membranes. There is evidence that Q10H2 protects against oxidative events in lipids, proteins and DNA. Serum gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) activity is associated with cardiovascular diseases. In a physiological range, activity of GGT is a potential early and sensitive marker of inflammation and oxidative stress.In this study, we first examined the relationship between CoQ10 status and serum GGT activity in 416 healthy participants between 19 and 62 years of age in a cross-sectional study (cohort I). In the second step, 53 healthy males (21-48 years of age; cohort II) underwent a 14-day Q10H2 supplementation (150 mg/d) to evaluate the effect of Q10H2 supplementation on serum GGT activity and GGT1 gene expression. FINDINGS There was a strong positive association between CoQ10 status and serum GGT activity in cohort I. However, a gender-specific examination revealed differences between male and female volunteers regarding the association between CoQ10 status and serum GGT activity. Q10H2 supplementation (cohort II) caused a significant decrease in serum GGT activity from T0 to T14 (p < 0.001). GGT1 mRNA levels declined 1.49-fold after Q10H2 supplementation. Of note, other liver enzymes (i.e., aspartate aminotransferase, AST) were not affected by Q10H2 supplementation. CONCLUSIONS CoQ10 level is positively associated with serum GGT activity. Supplementation with Q10H2 reduces serum GGT activity. This effect might be caused by gene expression. Overall, we provide preliminary evidence that higher Q10H2 levels improve oxidative stress via reduction of serum GGT activity in humans. TRIAL REGISTRATION Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN26780329.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Frank Döring
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Division of Molecular Prevention, Christian Albrechts University Kiel, Heinrich-Hecht-Platz 10, 24118 Kiel, Germany.
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Alam MA, Rahman MM. Mitochondrial dysfunction in obesity: potential benefit and mechanism of Co-enzyme Q10 supplementation in metabolic syndrome. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2014; 13:60. [PMID: 24932457 PMCID: PMC4057567 DOI: 10.1186/2251-6581-13-60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Co-enzyme Q10 (Co-Q10) is an essential component of the mitochondrial electron transport chain. Most cells are sensitive to co-enzyme Q10 (Co-Q10) deficiency. This deficiency has been implicated in several clinical disorders such as heart failure, hypertension, Parkinson's disease and obesity. The lipid lowering drug statin inhibits conversion of HMG-CoA to mevalonate and lowers plasma Co-Q10 concentrations. However, supplementation with Co-Q10 improves the pathophysiological condition of statin therapy. Recent evidence suggests that Co-Q10 supplementation may be useful for the treatment of obesity, oxidative stress and the inflammatory process in metabolic syndrome. The anti-inflammatory response and lipid metabolizing effect of Co-Q10 is probably mediated by transcriptional regulation of inflammation and lipid metabolism. This paper reviews the evidence showing beneficial role of Co-Q10 supplementation and its potential mechanism of action on contributing factors of metabolic and cardiovascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Ashraful Alam
- School of Biomedical Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Mahbubur Rahman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Onur S, Niklowitz P, Fischer A, Metges CC, Grune T, Menke T, Rimbach G, Döring F. A comparative study into alterations of coenzyme Q redox status in ageing pigs, mice, and worms. Biofactors 2014; 40:346-54. [PMID: 24578032 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Revised: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Coenzyme Q derivatives (CoQ) are lipid soluble antioxidants that are synthesized endogenously in almost all species and function as an obligatory cofactor of the respiratory chain. There is evidence that CoQ status is altered by age in several species. Here we determined level and redox-state of CoQ in different age groups of pigs, mice and Caenorhabditis elegans. Since these species are very different with respect to lifespan, reproduction and physiology, our approach could provide some general tendencies of CoQ status in ageing organisms. We found that CoQ level decreases with age in pigs and mice, whereas CoQ content increases in older worms. As observed in all three species, ubiquinone, the oxidized form of CoQ, increases with age. Additionally, we were able to show that supplementation of ubiquinol-10, the reduced form of human CoQ10 , slightly increases lifespan of post-reproductive worms. In conclusion, the percentage of the oxidized form of CoQ increases with age indicating higher oxidative stress or rather a decreased anti-oxidative capacity of aged animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Onur
- Division of Molecular Prevention, Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Christian Albrechts University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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Coenzyme Q10 depletion in medical and neuropsychiatric disorders: potential repercussions and therapeutic implications. Mol Neurobiol 2013; 48:883-903. [PMID: 23761046 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-013-8477-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is an antioxidant, a membrane stabilizer, and a vital cofactor in the mitochondrial electron transport chain, enabling the generation of adenosine triphosphate. It additionally regulates gene expression and apoptosis; is an essential cofactor of uncoupling proteins; and has anti-inflammatory, redox modulatory, and neuroprotective effects. This paper reviews the known physiological role of CoQ10 in cellular metabolism, cell death, differentiation and gene regulation, and examines the potential repercussions of CoQ10 depletion including its role in illnesses such as Parkinson's disease, depression, myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome, and fibromyalgia. CoQ10 depletion may play a role in the pathophysiology of these disorders by modulating cellular processes including hydrogen peroxide formation, gene regulation, cytoprotection, bioenegetic performance, and regulation of cellular metabolism. CoQ10 treatment improves quality of life in patients with Parkinson's disease and may play a role in delaying the progression of that disorder. Administration of CoQ10 has antidepressive effects. CoQ10 treatment significantly reduces fatigue and improves ergonomic performance during exercise and thus may have potential in alleviating the exercise intolerance and exhaustion displayed by people with myalgic encepholamyletis/chronic fatigue syndrome. Administration of CoQ10 improves hyperalgesia and quality of life in patients with fibromyalgia. The evidence base for the effectiveness of treatment with CoQ10 may be explained via its ability to ameliorate oxidative stress and protect mitochondria.
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Determination of coenzyme Q10 tissue status via high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection in swine tissues (Sus scrofa domestica). Anal Biochem 2013; 437:88-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2013.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2012] [Revised: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Sohet FM, Delzenne NM. Is there a place for coenzyme Q in the management of metabolic disorders associated with obesity? Nutr Rev 2012; 70:631-41. [PMID: 23110642 DOI: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2012.00526.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q (CoQ), a lipophilic cofactor of the electron transport chain in the mitochondria, can be synthesized endogenously or provided by food. The aim of this review is to summarize the in vitro cell culture studies, the in vivo animal studies, and the human studies investigating the impact of CoQ supplementation on the occurrence of obesity and related disorders (diabetes, hypertension, lipemia, and atherosclerosis). The antioxidative properties of CoQ have been observed in different experimental models of atherosclerosis, obesity, and diabetes. The recent discovery of the anti-inflammatory effect of CoQ, mostly described in vitro, has generated increased interest in CoQ supplementation, but it needs to be confirmed in vivo in pathological situations. CoQ intervention studies in humans failed to show reproducible effects on body weight, fat mass, or glycemia, but CoQ supplementation does seem to have an antihypertensive effect. The molecular mechanism to explain this effect has only recently been discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence M Sohet
- Louvain Drug Research Institute, Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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Schmelzer C, Kitano M, Hosoe K, Döring F. Ubiquinol affects the expression of genes involved in PPARα signalling and lipid metabolism without changes in methylation of CpG promoter islands in the liver of mice. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2011; 50:119-26. [PMID: 22448092 PMCID: PMC3303474 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.11-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2011] [Accepted: 05/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 is an essential cofactor in the respiratory chain and serves as a potent antioxidant in biological membranes. Recent studies in vitro and in vivo provide evidence that Coenzyme Q10 is involved in inflammatory processes and lipid metabolism via gene expression. To study these effects at the epigenomic level, C57BL6J mice were supplemented for one week with reduced Coenzyme Q10 (ubiquinol). Afterwards, gene expression signatures and DNA promoter methylation patterns of selected genes were analysed. Genome-wide transcript profiling in the liver identified 1112 up-regulated and 571 down-regulated transcripts as differentially regulated between ubiquinol-treated and control animals. Text mining and GeneOntology analysis revealed that the ”top 20” ubiquinol-regulated genes play a role in lipid metabolism and are functionally connected by the PPARα signalling pathway. With regard to the ubiquinol-induced changes in gene expression of about +3.14-fold (p≤0.05), +2.18-fold (p≤0.01), and −2.13-fold (p≤0.05) for ABCA1, ACYP1, and ACSL1 genes, respectively, hepatic DNA methylation analysis of 282 (sense orientation) and 271 (antisense) CpG units in the respective promoter islands revealed no significant effect of ubiquinol. In conclusion, ubiquinol affects the expression of genes involved in PPARα signalling and lipid metabolism without changing the promoter DNA methylation status in the liver of mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constance Schmelzer
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Research Unit Nutritional Physiology "Oskar Kellner", Dummerstorf, Germany
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Fischer A, Schmelzer C, Rimbach G, Niklowitz P, Menke T, Döring F. Association between genetic variants in the Coenzyme Q10 metabolism and Coenzyme Q10 status in humans. BMC Res Notes 2011; 4:245. [PMID: 21774831 PMCID: PMC3160390 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-4-245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2011] [Accepted: 07/21/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is essential for mitochondrial energy production and serves as an antioxidants in extra mitochondrial membranes. The genetics of primary CoQ10 deficiency has been described in several studies, whereas the influence of common genetic variants on CoQ10 status is largely unknown. Here we tested for non-synonymous single-nucleotidepolymorphisms (SNP) in genes involved in the biosynthesis (CoQ3G272S , CoQ6M406V, CoQ7M103T), reduction (NQO1P187S, NQO2L47F) and metabolism (apoE3/4) of CoQ10 and their association with CoQ10 status. For this purpose, CoQ10 serum levels of 54 healthy male volunteers were determined before (T0) and after a 14 days supplementation (T14) with 150 mg/d of the reduced form of CoQ10. FINDINGS At T0, the CoQ10 level of heterozygous NQO1P187S carriers were significantly lower than homozygous S/S carriers (0.93 ± 0.25 μM versus 1.34 ± 0.42 μM, p = 0.044). For this polymorphism a structure homology-based method (PolyPhen) revealed a possibly damaging effect on NQO1 protein activity. Furthermore, CoQ10 plasma levels were significantly increased in apoE4/E4 genotype after supplementation in comparison to apoE2/E3 genotype (5.93 ± 0.151 μM versus 4.38 ± 0.792 μM, p = 0.034). Likewise heterozygous CoQ3G272S carriers had higher CoQ10 plasma levels at T14 compared to G/G carriers but this difference did not reach significance (5.30 ± 0.96 μM versus 4.42 ± 1.67 μM, p = 0.082). CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, our pilot study provides evidence that NQO1P187S and apoE polymorphisms influence CoQ10 status in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Fischer
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Devision of Molecular Prevention, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Heinrich-Hecht-Platz 10, 24118 Kiel, Germany.
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Schmelzer C, Niklowitz P, Okun JG, Haas D, Menke T, Döring F. Ubiquinol-induced gene expression signatures are translated into altered parameters of erythropoiesis and reduced low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in humans. IUBMB Life 2011; 63:42-8. [PMID: 21280176 DOI: 10.1002/iub.413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Studies in vitro and in mice indicate a role for Coenzyme Q(10) (CoQ(10) ) in gene expression. To determine this function in relationship to physiological readouts, a 2-week supplementation study with the reduced form of CoQ(10) (ubiquinol, Q(10) H(2) , 150 mg/d) was performed in 53 healthy males. Mean CoQ(10) plasma levels increased 4.8-fold after supplementation. Transcriptomic and bioinformatic approaches identified a gene-gene interaction network in CD14-positive monocytes, which functions in inflammation, cell differentiation, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-signaling. These Q(10) H(2) -induced gene expression signatures were also described previously in liver tissues of SAMP1 mice. Biochemical and NMR-based analyses showed a reduction of low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol plasma levels after Q(10) H(2) supplementation. This effect was especially pronounced in atherogenic small dense LDL particles (19-21 nm, 1.045 g/L). In agreement with gene expression signatures, Q(10) H(2) reduces the number of erythrocytes but increases the concentration of reticulocytes. In conclusion, Q(10) H(2) induces characteristic gene expression patterns, which are translated into reduced LDL cholesterol levels and altered parameters of erythropoiesis in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constance Schmelzer
- Department of Molecular Prevention, Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Heinrich-Hecht-Platz 10, Kiel, Germany.
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Beyond the serotonin hypothesis: mitochondria, inflammation and neurodegeneration in major depression and affective spectrum disorders. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2011; 35:730-43. [PMID: 20691744 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2010.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2010] [Revised: 07/02/2010] [Accepted: 07/28/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
For many years, a deficiency of monoamines including serotonin has been the prevailing hypothesis on depression, yet research has failed to confirm consistent relations between brain serotonin and depression. High degrees of overlapping comorbidities and common drug efficacies suggest that depression is one of a family of related conditions sometimes referred to as the "affective spectrum disorders", and variably including migraine, irritable bowel syndrome, chronic fatigue syndrome, fibromyalgia and generalized anxiety disorder, among many others. Herein, we present data from many different experimental modalities that strongly suggest components of mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation in the pathogenesis of depression and other affective spectrum disorders. The three concepts of monoamines, energy metabolism and inflammatory pathways are inter-related in many complex manners. For example, the major categories of drugs used to treat depression have been demonstrated to exert effects on mitochondria and inflammation, as well as on monoamines. Furthermore, commonly-used mitochondrial-targeted treatments exert effects on mitochondria and inflammation, and are increasingly being shown to demonstrate efficacy in the affective spectrum disorders. We propose that interactions among monoamines, mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation can inspire explanatory, rather than mere descriptive, models of these disorders.
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Maes M, Galecki P, Chang YS, Berk M. A review on the oxidative and nitrosative stress (O&NS) pathways in major depression and their possible contribution to the (neuro)degenerative processes in that illness. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2011; 35:676-92. [PMID: 20471444 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2010.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 782] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2010] [Revised: 04/17/2010] [Accepted: 05/03/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This paper reviews the body of evidence that major depression is accompanied by a decreased antioxidant status and by induction of oxidative and nitrosative (IO&NS) pathways. Major depression is characterized by significantly lower plasma concentrations of a number of key antioxidants, such as vitamin E, zinc and coenzyme Q10, and a lowered total antioxidant status. Lowered antioxidant enzyme activity, e.g. glutathione peroxidase (GPX), is another hallmark of depression. The abovementioned lowered antioxidant capacity may impair protection against reactive oxygen species (ROS), causing damage to fatty acids, proteins and DNA by oxidative and nitrosative stress (O&NS). Increased ROS in depression is demonstrated by increased levels of plasma peroxides and xanthine oxidase. Damage caused by O&NS is shown by increased levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), a by-product of polyunsaturated fatty acid peroxidation and arachidonic acid; and increased 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine, indicating oxidative DNA damage. There is also evidence in major depression, that O&NS may have changed inactive autoepitopes to neoantigens, which have acquired immunogenicity and serve as triggers to bypass immunological tolerance, causing (auto)immune responses. Thus, depression is accompanied by increased levels of plasma IgG antibodies against oxidized LDL; and increased IgM-mediated immune responses against membrane fatty acids, like phosphatidyl inositol (Pi); oleic, palmitic, and myristic acid; and NO modified amino-acids, e.g. NO-tyrosine, NO-tryptophan and NO-arginine; and NO-albumin. There is a significant association between depression and polymorphisms in O&NS genes, like manganese superoxide dismutase, catalase, and myeloperoxidase. Animal models of depression very consistently show lowered antioxidant defences and activated O&NS pathways in the peripheral blood and the brain. In animal models of depression, antidepressants consistently increase lowered antioxidant levels and normalize the damage caused by O&NS processes. Antioxidants, such as N-acetyl-cysteine, compounds that mimic GPX activity, and zinc exhibit antidepressive effects. This paper reviews the pathways by which lowered antioxidants and O&NS may contribute to depression, and the (neuro)degenerative processes that accompany that illness. It is concluded that aberrations in O&NS pathways are--together with the inflammatory processes--key components of depression. All in all, the results suggest that depression belongs to the spectrum of (neuro)degenerative disorders.
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Maes M, Ruckoanich P, Chang YS, Mahanonda N, Berk M. Multiple aberrations in shared inflammatory and oxidative & nitrosative stress (IO&NS) pathways explain the co-association of depression and cardiovascular disorder (CVD), and the increased risk for CVD and due mortality in depressed patients. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2011; 35:769-83. [PMID: 20561554 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2010.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2010] [Revised: 05/24/2010] [Accepted: 06/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
There is evidence that there is a bidirectional relationship between major depression and cardiovascular disorder (CVD): depressed patients are a population at risk for increased cardiac morbidity and mortality, and depression is more frequent in patients who suffer from CVD. There is also evidence that inflammatory and oxidative and nitrosative stress (IO&NS) pathways underpin the common pathophysiology of both CVD and major depression. Activation of these pathways may increase risk for both disorders and contribute to shared risk. The shared IO&NS pathways that may contribute to CVD and depression comprise the following: increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, like interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interferon-γ; T cell activation; increased acute phase proteins, like C-reactive protein, haptoglobin, fibrinogen and α1-antitrypsin; complement factors; increased LPS load through bacterial translocation and subsequent gut-derived inflammation; induction of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase with increased levels of tryptophan catabolites; decreased levels of antioxidants, like coenzyme Q10, zinc, vitamin E, glutathione and glutathione peroxidase; increased O&NS characterized by oxidative damage to low density lipoprotein (LDL) and phospholipid inositol, increased malondialdehyde, and damage to DNA and mitochondria; increased nitrosative stress; and decreased ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). The complex interplay between the abovementioned IO&NS pathways in depression results in pro-atherogenic effects and should be regarded as a risk factor to future clinical CVD and due mortality. We suggest that major depression should be added as a risk factor to the Charlson "comorbidity" index. It is advised that patients with (sub)chronic or recurrent major depression should routinely be assessed by serology tests to predict if they have an increased risk to cardiovascular disorders.
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Schmelzer C, Kohl C, Rimbach G, Döring F. The Reduced Form of Coenzyme Q10 Decreases the Expression of Lipopolysaccharide-Sensitive Genes in Human THP-1 Cells. J Med Food 2011; 14:391-7. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2010.0080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Constance Schmelzer
- Molecular Prevention, Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Christine Kohl
- Molecular Prevention, Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Gerald Rimbach
- Food Science, Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Frank Döring
- Molecular Prevention, Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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Schmelzer C, Okun JG, Haas D, Higuchi K, Sawashita J, Mori M, Döring F. The reduced form of coenzyme Q10 mediates distinct effects on cholesterol metabolism at the transcriptional and metabolite level in SAMP1 mice. IUBMB Life 2010; 62:812-8. [DOI: 10.1002/iub.388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Schmelzer C, Kubo H, Mori M, Sawashita J, Kitano M, Hosoe K, Boomgaarden I, Döring F, Higuchi K. Supplementation with the reduced form of Coenzyme Q10 decelerates phenotypic characteristics of senescence and induces a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha gene expression signature in SAMP1 mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2010; 54:805-15. [PMID: 19960455 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.200900155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Our present study reveals significant decelerating effects on senescence processes in middle-aged SAMP1 mice supplemented for 6 or 14 months with the reduced form (Q(10)H(2), 500 mg/kg BW/day) of coenzyme Q(10) (CoQ(10)). To unravel molecular mechanisms of these CoQ(10) effects, a genome-wide transcript profiling in liver, heart, brain and kidney of SAMP1 mice supplemented with the reduced (Q(10)H(2)) or oxidized form of CoQ(10) (Q(10)) was performed. Liver seems to be the main target tissue of CoQ(10) intervention, followed by kidney, heart and brain. Stringent evaluation of the resulting data revealed that Q(10)H(2) has a stronger impact on gene expression than Q(10), primarily due to differences in the bioavailability. Indeed, Q(10)H(2) supplementation was more effective than Q(10) to increase levels of CoQ(10) in the liver of SAMP1 mice. To identify functional and regulatory connections of the "top 50" (p<0.05) Q(10)H(2)-sensitive transcripts in liver, text mining analysis was used. Hereby, we identified Q(10)H(2)-sensitive genes which are regulated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha and are primarily involved in cholesterol synthesis (e.g. HMGCS1, HMGCL and HMGCR), fat assimilation (FABP5), lipoprotein metabolism (PLTP) and inflammation (STAT-1). These data may explain, at least in part, the decelerating effects on degenerative processes observed in Q(10)H(2)-supplemented SAMP1 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constance Schmelzer
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Molecular Prevention, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Heinrich-Hecht-Platz 10, Kiel, Germany
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Schmelzer C, Döring F. Identification of LPS-inducible genes downregulated by ubiquinone in human THP-1 monocytes. Biofactors 2010; 36:222-8. [PMID: 20533395 DOI: 10.1002/biof.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Coenzyme Q(10) (CoQ(10)) is an obligatory element in the respiratory chain and functions as a potent antioxidant of lipid membranes. More recently, anti-inflammatory effects as well as an impact of CoQ(10) on gene expression have been observed. To reveal putative effects of Q(10) on LPS-induced gene expression, whole genome expression analysis was performed in the monocytic cell line THP-1. Thousand one hundred twenty-nine and 710 probe sets have been identified to be significantly (P <or= 0.05) up and downregulated in LPS-treated cells when compared with controls, respectively. Text mining analysis of the top 50 LPS upregulated genes revealed a functional connection in the NFkappaB pathway and confirmed our applied in vitro stimulation model. Moreover, 33 LPS-sensitive genes have been identified to be significantly downregulated by Q(10)-treatment between a factor of 1.32 and 1.85. GeneOntology (GO) analysis revealed for the Q(10)-sensitve genes a primary involvement in protein metabolism (e.g., HERC1 and EPS15), cell proliferation (e.g., CCDC100 and SMURF1), and transcriptional processes (e.g., CNOT4 and STK4). Three genes were either related to NFkappaB transcription factor activity (ERC1), cytokinesis (DIAPH2), or modulation of oxidative stress (MSRA). In conclusion, our data provide evidence that Q(10) downregulates LPS-inducible genes in the monocytic cell line THP-1. Thus, the previously described effects of Q(10) on the reduction of proinflammatory mediators might be due to its antioxidant impact on gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constance Schmelzer
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Molecular Prevention, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany
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Quercetin supplementation and its effect on human monocyte gene expression profiles in vivo. Br J Nutr 2010; 104:336-45. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114510000711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Quercetin has been described as having a wide range of beneficial effects in humans, ranging from anti-carcinogenic properties to reducing the risk of CVD. Nevertheless, underlying molecular mechanisms have been mostly investigated in vitro. Here, we tested whether a daily supplementation of quercetin leads to reproducible changes in human monocyte gene expression profiles. In study I, quercetin in varying dosages was given to healthy subjects for 2 weeks. RNA from monocytes isolated at the beginning and end of the study from subjects receiving 150 mg quercetin per d was subjected to transcriptome-wide microarray analysis. In study II, a double-blind cross-over study, twenty subjects exhibiting a ‘cardiovascular risk phenotype’ received 150 mg quercetin or placebo daily for 6 weeks each and served as the verification group. Microarray analysis revealed a number of differentially expressed genes. The most significantly represented functional groups were those of the immune system, nucleic acid metabolism, apoptosis and O-glycan biosynthesis. Twenty-four genes were chosen for technical replication and independent verification by quantitative real-time PCR. When comparing placebo and quercetin treatment, four genes showed significantly different expression changes (C1GALT1, O-glycan biosynthesis; GM2A, glycolipid catabolism; HDGF, cell proliferation; SERPINB9, apoptosis). However, these were minimal in respect to magnitude of fold change. In conclusion, although microarray analysis revealed extensive effects of quercetin on gene expression, the employment of a placebo-controlled study design showed no comparable results for twenty-four verification targets. This emphasises the need for stringent designs in nutritional intervention studies with the aim to identify relevant changes in gene expression.
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Sohet FM, Neyrinck AM, Pachikian BD, de Backer FC, Bindels LB, Niklowitz P, Menke T, Cani PD, Delzenne NM. Coenzyme Q10 supplementation lowers hepatic oxidative stress and inflammation associated with diet-induced obesity in mice. Biochem Pharmacol 2009; 78:1391-400. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2009.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2009] [Revised: 07/15/2009] [Accepted: 07/15/2009] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Effects of ubiquinol-10 on microRNA-146a expression in vitro and in vivo. Mediators Inflamm 2009; 2009:415437. [PMID: 19390647 PMCID: PMC2672161 DOI: 10.1155/2009/415437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2008] [Revised: 02/02/2009] [Accepted: 02/22/2009] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRs) are involved in key biological processes via suppression of gene expression at posttranscriptional levels. According to their superior functions, subtle modulation of miR expression by certain compounds or nutrients is desirable under particular conditions. Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces a reactive oxygen species-/NF-kappaB-dependent pathway which increases the expression of the anti-inflammatory miR-146a. We hypothesized that this induction could be modulated by the antioxidant ubiquinol-10. Preincubation of human monocytic THP-1 cells with ubiquinol-10 reduced the LPS-induced expression level of miR-146a to 78.9 +/- 13.22%. In liver samples of mice injected with LPS, supplementation with ubiquinol-10 leads to a reduction of LPS-induced miR-146a expression to 78.12 +/- 21.25%. From these consistent in vitro and in vivo data, we conclude that ubiquinol-10 may fine-tune the inflammatory response via moderate reduction of miR-146a expression.
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