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Simultaneous lipase production and immobilization: morphology and physiology study of Penicillium simplicissimum in submerged and solid-state fermentation with polypropylene as an inert support. Enzyme Microb Technol 2023; 164:110173. [PMID: 36529062 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2022.110173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The influence of different carbon sources (glucose (G), olive oil (O), and a combination of both (GO)) in the physiology (biomass and lipase production) and morphology (light and environmental and scanning electron microscopy) of the fungus Penicillium simplicissimum by applying submerged (SmF) and solid-state (SSF) fermentations was investigated. The cultivation was carried out using polypropylene as hydrophobic inert support in SmF and SSF to understand better the influence of a support for the fungus growth and also provides the immobilization of lipases during its production. Micrographs show different morphologies: in SSF, the fungus grows on and inside the inert support independent of the media; in SmF, the formation of high-density spherical pellets obtained in medium GO leads to the best productivity and specific product yield Yp/x..Conidiation is observed mainly in SSF, a few in SmF with polypropylene as inert support and not in SmF, which may indicate a stress condition in SSF. Possibly, the morphology acquired by the fungus under stressful conditions may be the key to the higher biomass and lipase productivity at SSF. The developed process with simultaneous production and immobilization of lipase leads to a new promissory biocatalyst once it can be directly applied with no need for downstream processes.
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Cesário LM, Pires GP, Pereira RFS, Fantuzzi E, da Silva Xavier A, Cassini STA, de Oliveira JP. Optimization of lipase production using fungal isolates from oily residues. BMC Biotechnol 2021; 21:65. [PMID: 34758800 PMCID: PMC8582195 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-021-00724-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipases are triacylglycerol hydrolases that catalyze hydrolysis, esterification, interesterification, and transesterification reactions. These enzymes are targets of several industrial and biotech applications, such as catalysts, detergent production, food, biofuels, wastewater treatment, and others. Microbial enzymes are preferable for large scale production due to ease of production and extraction. Several studies have reported that lipases from filamentous fungi are predominantly extracellular and highly active. However, there are many factors that interfere with enzyme production (pH, temperature, medium composition, agitation, aeration, inducer type, and concentration, etc.), making control difficult and burdening the process. This work aimed to optimize the lipase production of four fungal isolates from oily residues (Penicillium sp., Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus sp., and Aspergillus sp.). The lipase-producing fungi isolates were morphologically characterized by optical and scanning electron microscopy. The optimal lipase production time curve was previously determined, and the response variable used was the amount of total protein in the medium after cultivation by submerged fermentation. A complete factorial design 32 was performed, evaluating the temperatures (28 °C, 32 °C, and 36 °C) and soybean oil inducer concentration (2%, 6%, and 10%). Each lipase-producing isolate reacted differently to the conditions tested, the Aspergillus sp. F18 reached maximum lipase production, compared to others, under conditions of 32 °C and 2% of oil with a yield of 11,007 (µg mL-1). Penicillium sp. F04 achieved better results at 36 °C and 6% oil, although for Aspergillus niger F16 was at 36 °C and 10% oil and Aspergillus sp. F21 at 32 °C and 2% oil. These results show that microorganisms isolated from oily residues derived from environmental sanitation can be a promising alternative for the large-scale production of lipases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Miranda Cesário
- Federal University of Espírito Santo, Alto Universitário, S/N Guararema, Alegre, ES, 29500-000, Brazil
| | - Giovanna Pinto Pires
- Federal University of Espírito Santo, Alto Universitário, S/N Guararema, Alegre, ES, 29500-000, Brazil
| | | | - Elisabete Fantuzzi
- Federal University of Espírito Santo, Alto Universitário, S/N Guararema, Alegre, ES, 29500-000, Brazil
| | - André da Silva Xavier
- Federal University of Espírito Santo, Alto Universitário, S/N Guararema, Alegre, ES, 29500-000, Brazil
| | | | - Jairo Pinto de Oliveira
- Federal University of Espírito Santo, Av. Marechal Campos1468, Vitória, ES, 29040-090, Brazil.
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Moyses DN, Teixeira DA, Waldow VA, Freire DMG, Castro AM. Fungal and enzymatic bio-depolymerization of waste post-consumer poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) bottles using Penicillium species. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:435. [PMID: 34603913 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02988-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) is a petroleum-based plastic that is massively produced and used worldwide. A promising PET recycling process to circumvent petroleum feedstock consumption and help to reduce environmental pollution is microbial or enzymatic biodegradation of post-consumer (PC) PET packages to its monomers-terephthalic acid (TPA) and ethylene glycol (EG)-or to key intermediates in PET synthesis-such as mono- and bis-(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (MHET and BHET). Two species of filamentous fungi previously characterized as lipase producers (Penicillium restrictum and P. simplicissimum) were evaluated in submerged fermentation for induction of lipase production by two inducers (BHET and amorphous PET), and for biodegradation of two substrates (BHET and PC-PET). BHET induced lipase production in P. simplicissimum, achieving a peak of 606.4 U/L at 49 h (12.38 U/L.h), representing an almost twofold increase in comparison to the highest peak in the control (without inducers). Microbial biodegradation by P. simplicissimum after 28 days led to a 3.09% mass loss on PC-PET fragments. In contrast, enzymatic PC-PET depolymerization by cell-free filtrates from a P. simplicissimum culture resulted in low concentrations of BHET, MHET and TPA (up to 9.51 µmol/L), suggesting that there are mechanisms at the organism level that enhance biodegradation. Enzymatic BHET hydrolysis revealed that P. simplicissimum extracellular enzymes catalyze the release of MHET as the predominant product. Our results show that P. simplicissimum is a promising biodegrader of PC-PET that can be further explored for monomer recovery in the context of feedstock recycling processes.
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Glodowsky AP, Ruberto LA, Martorell MM, Mac Cormack WP, Levin GJ. Cold active transglutaminase from antarctic Penicillium chrysogenum: Partial purification, characterization and potential application in food technology. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2020.101807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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5
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Sales JCS, de Castro AM, Ribeiro BD, Z. Coelho MA. Supplementation of watermelon peels as an enhancer of lipase and esterase production byYarrowia lipolyticain solid-state fermentation and their potential use as biocatalysts in poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) depolymerization reactions. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10242422.2020.1782387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julio Cesar S. Sales
- Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Aline M. de Castro
- Biotechnology Division, Research and Development Center, PETROBRAS, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bernardo D. Ribeiro
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria Alice Z. Coelho
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Melani NB, Tambourgi EB, Silveira E. Lipases: From Production to Applications. SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION REVIEWS 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/15422119.2018.1564328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natália B. Melani
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Elias B. Tambourgi
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Edgar Silveira
- Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
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Lima ACP, Cammarota MC, Gutarra ML. Obtaining filamentous fungi and lipases from sewage treatment plant residue for fat degradation in anaerobic reactors. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5368. [PMID: 30128184 PMCID: PMC6097491 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A residue from the primary treatment of a Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) was used to isolate filamentous fungi with lipase production potential. Two of the 27 isolated fungi presented high hydrolysis index and were selected for lipase production by solid-state fermentation (SSF). The fermentations were conducted at 30 °C for 48 h, with moist air circulation, using 20% (w/w) of the residue mixture with a basal medium (agroindustrial residue-babassu cake), obtaining a solid enzymatic preparation (SEP) with lipase activity of 19 U/g with the fungus identified as Aspergillus terreus. Scum, collected in an anaerobic reactor operating in a WWTP, was hydrolyzed with SEP and subjected to anaerobic biodegradability tests at 30 °C. Different dilutions of crude (Control) or hydrolyzed scum in raw sewage were evaluated. The dilution of 5% (v/v) of hydrolyzed scum in raw sewage proved the most adequate, as it resulted in higher methane yield compared to the raw sewage (196 and 133 mL CH4/g CODadded, respectively), without increasing the chemical oxygen demand (COD) of the treated sewage (138 and 134 mg/L). The enzymatic hydrolysis of the scum, followed by dilution in the influent sewage, is technically feasible and increases methane production in anaerobic reactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Cristina P. Lima
- School of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Magali C. Cammarota
- School of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Melissa L.E. Gutarra
- Campus Xerem, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
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New cost-effective bioconversion process of palm kernel cake into bioinsecticides based on Beauveria bassiana and Isaria javanica. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:2595-2606. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-8805-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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de Almeida FP, Freire DMG, Lins U, Gutarra MLE. Surface imaging of the filamentous fungus Penicillium simplicissimum growing in a solid-state fermentation system. Micron 2017; 99:19-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Silva JN, Godoy MG, Gutarra MLE, Freire DMG. Impact of extraction parameters on the recovery of lipolytic activity from fermented babassu cake. PLoS One 2014; 9:e103176. [PMID: 25090644 PMCID: PMC4121142 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2012] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzyme extraction from solid matrix is as important step in solid-state fermentation to obtain soluble enzymes for further immobilization and application in biocatalysis. A method for the recovery of a pool of lipases from Penicillium simplicissimum produced by solid-state fermentation was developed. For lipase recovery different extraction solution was used and phosphate buffer containing Tween 80 and NaCl showed the best results, yielding lipase activity of 85.7 U/g and 65.7 U/g, respectively. The parameters with great impacts on enzyme extraction detected by the Plackett-Burman analysis were studied by Central Composite Rotatable experimental designs where a quadratic model was built showing maximum predicted lipase activity (160 U/g) at 25°C, Tween 80 0.5% (w/v), pH 8.0 and extraction solution 7 mL/g, maintaining constant buffer molarity of 0.1 M and 200 rpm. After the optimization process a 2.5 fold increase in lipase activity in the crude extract was obtained, comparing the intial value (64 U/g) with the experimental design (160 U/g), thus improving the overall productivity of the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaqueline N. Silva
- Departamento de Engenharia Bioquímica, Escola de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mateus G. Godoy
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Melissa L. E. Gutarra
- Departamento de Engenharia Bioquímica, Escola de Química/Polo Xerém, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Denise M. G. Freire
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Sahoo RK, Subudhi E, Kumar M. Quantitative approach to track lipase producing Pseudomonas sp. S1 in nonsterilized solid state fermentation. Lett Appl Microbiol 2014; 58:610-6. [PMID: 24527988 DOI: 10.1111/lam.12235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Revised: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Proliferation of the inoculated Pseudomonas sp. S1 is quantitatively evaluated using ERIC-PCR during the production of lipase in nonsterile solid state fermentation an approach to reduce the cost of enzyme production. Under nonsterile solid state fermentation with olive oil cake, Pseudomonas sp. S1 produced 57·9 IU g(-1) of lipase. DNA fingerprints of unknown bacterial isolates obtained on Bushnell Haas agar (BHA) + tributyrin exactly matched with that of Pseudomonas sp. S1. Using PCR-based enumeration, population of Pseudomonas sp. S1 was proliferated from 7·6 × 10(4) CFU g(-1) after 24 h to 4·6 × 10(8) CFU g(-1) after 96 h, which tallied with the maximum lipase activity as compared to control. Under submerged fermentation (SmF), Pseudomonas sp. S1 produced maximum lipase (49 IU ml(-1) ) using olive oil as substrate, while lipase production was 9·754 IU ml(-1) when Pseudomonas sp. S1 was grown on tributyrin. Optimum pH and temperature of the crude lipase was 7·0 and 50°C. Crude enzyme activity was 71·2% stable at 50°C for 360 min. Pseudomonas sp. S1 lipase was also stable in methanol showing 91·6% activity in the presence of 15% methanol, whereas 75·5 and 51·1% of activity were retained in the presence of 20 and 30% methanol, respectively. Thus, lipase produced by Pseudomonas sp. S1 is suitable for the production of biodiesel as well as treatment of oily waste water. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF STUDY This study presents the first report on the production of thermophilic organic solvent tolerant lipase using agro-industry waste in nonsterile solid state fermentation. Positive correlation between survival of Pseudomonas sp. S1 and lipase production under nonsterile solid state fermentation was established, which may emphasize the need to combine molecular tools and solid state fermentation in future studies. Our study brings new insights into the lipase production in cost-effective manner, which is an industrially relevant approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Sahoo
- Centre of Biotechnology, Siksha O Anusandhan University, Bhubaneswar, India
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12
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Chow J, Kovacic F, Dall Antonia Y, Krauss U, Fersini F, Schmeisser C, Lauinger B, Bongen P, Pietruszka J, Schmidt M, Menyes I, Bornscheuer UT, Eckstein M, Thum O, Liese A, Mueller-Dieckmann J, Jaeger KE, Streit WR. The metagenome-derived enzymes LipS and LipT increase the diversity of known lipases. PLoS One 2012; 7:e47665. [PMID: 23112831 PMCID: PMC3480424 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0047665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2012] [Accepted: 09/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Triacylglycerol lipases (EC 3.1.1.3) catalyze both hydrolysis and synthesis reactions with a broad spectrum of substrates rendering them especially suitable for many biotechnological applications. Most lipases used today originate from mesophilic organisms and are susceptible to thermal denaturation whereas only few possess high thermotolerance. Here, we report on the identification and characterization of two novel thermostable bacterial lipases identified by functional metagenomic screenings. Metagenomic libraries were constructed from enrichment cultures maintained at 65 to 75 °C and screened resulting in the identification of initially 10 clones with lipolytic activities. Subsequently, two ORFs were identified encoding lipases, LipS and LipT. Comparative sequence analyses suggested that both enzymes are members of novel lipase families. LipS is a 30.2 kDa protein and revealed a half-life of 48 h at 70 °C. The lipT gene encoded for a multimeric enzyme with a half-life of 3 h at 70 °C. LipS had an optimum temperature at 70 °C and LipT at 75 °C. Both enzymes catalyzed hydrolysis of long-chain (C(12) and C(14)) fatty acid esters and additionally hydrolyzed a number of industry-relevant substrates. LipS was highly specific for (R)-ibuprofen-phenyl ester with an enantiomeric excess (ee) of 99%. Furthermore, LipS was able to synthesize 1-propyl laurate and 1-tetradecyl myristate at 70 °C with rates similar to those of the lipase CalB from Candida antarctica. LipS represents the first example of a thermostable metagenome-derived lipase with significant synthesis activities. Its X-ray structure was solved with a resolution of 1.99 Å revealing an unusually compact lid structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Chow
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Biocenter Klein Flottbek, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Filip Kovacic
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Research Center Juelich, Juelich, Germany
| | - Yuliya Dall Antonia
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) Hamburg Outstation, c/o Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Krauss
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Research Center Juelich, Juelich, Germany
| | - Francesco Fersini
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) Hamburg Outstation, c/o Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christel Schmeisser
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Biocenter Klein Flottbek, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Lauinger
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Research Center Juelich, Juelich, Germany
| | - Patrick Bongen
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Research Center Juelich, Juelich, Germany
| | - Joerg Pietruszka
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Research Center Juelich, Juelich, Germany
| | - Marlen Schmidt
- Department of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis, Institute of Biochemistry, Greifswald University, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Ina Menyes
- Department of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis, Institute of Biochemistry, Greifswald University, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Uwe T. Bornscheuer
- Department of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis, Institute of Biochemistry, Greifswald University, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Marrit Eckstein
- Bioprocess Development Consumer Specialties and Biocatalysis Biotechnology, Evonik Industries AG, Essen, Germany
| | - Oliver Thum
- Bioprocess Development Consumer Specialties and Biocatalysis Biotechnology, Evonik Industries AG, Essen, Germany
| | - Andreas Liese
- Institute of Technical Biocatalysis, Hamburg University of Technology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jochen Mueller-Dieckmann
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) Hamburg Outstation, c/o Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Karl-Erich Jaeger
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Research Center Juelich, Juelich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang R. Streit
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Biocenter Klein Flottbek, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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New tools for exploring "old friends-microbial lipases". Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2012; 168:1163-96. [PMID: 22956276 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-012-9849-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Fat-splitting enzymes (lipases), due to their natural, industrial, and medical relevance, attract enough attention as fats do in our lives. Starting from the paper that we write, cheese and oil that we consume, detergent that we use to remove oil stains, biodiesel that we use as transportation fuel, to the enantiopure drugs that we use in therapeutics, all these applications are facilitated directly or indirectly by lipases. Due to their uniqueness, versatility, and dexterity, decades of research work have been carried out on microbial lipases. The hunt for novel lipases and strategies to improve them continues unabated as evidenced by new families of microbial lipases that are still being discovered mostly by metagenomic approaches. A separate database for true lipases termed LIPABASE has been created recently which provides taxonomic, structural, biochemical information about true lipases from various species. The present review attempts to summarize new approaches that are employed in various aspects of microbial lipase research, viz., screening, isolation, production, purification, improvement by protein engineering, and surface display. Finally, novel applications facilitated by microbial lipases are also presented.
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de Castro AM, Teixeira MMP, Carvalho DF, Freire DMG, Castilho LDR. Multiresponse Optimization of Inoculum Conditions for the Production of Amylases and Proteases by Aspergillus awamori in Solid-State Fermentation of Babassu Cake. Enzyme Res 2011; 2011:457392. [PMID: 21915371 PMCID: PMC3170899 DOI: 10.4061/2011/457392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2011] [Accepted: 07/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This work aimed at investigating the simultaneous production of amylases and proteases by solid-state fermentation (SSF) of babassu cake using Aspergillus awamori IOC-3914. By means of experimental design techniques and the desirability function, optimum inoculum conditions (C/N ratio of propagation medium, inoculum age, and concentration of inoculum added to SSF medium) for the production of both groups of enzymes were found to be 25.8, 28.4 h, and 9.1 mg g−1, respectively. Significant influence of both initial C/N ratio and inoculum concentration was observed. Optimum amylolytic activities predicted by this multiresponse analysis were validated by independent experiments, thus indicating the efficacy of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Machado de Castro
- Biotechnology Division, Research and Development Center, PETROBRAS. Avenide Horácio Macedo, 950. Ilha do Fundão, 21941-915 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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15
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Godoy MG, Gutarra MLE, Castro AM, Machado OLT, Freire DMG. Adding value to a toxic residue from the biodiesel industry: production of two distinct pool of lipases from Penicillium simplicissimum in castor bean waste. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 38:945-53. [PMID: 20844923 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-010-0865-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2010] [Accepted: 08/26/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In countries with a strong agricultural base, such as Brazil, the generation of solid residues is very high. In some cases, these wastes present no utility due to their toxic and allergenic compounds, and so are an environmental concern. The castor bean (Ricinus communis) is a promising candidate for biodiesel production. From the biodiesel production process developed in the Petrobras Research Center using castor bean seeds, a toxic and alkaline waste is produced. The use of agroindustrial wastes in solid-state fermentation (SSF) is a very interesting alternative for obtaining enzymes at low cost. Therefore, in this work, castor bean waste was used, without any treatment, as a culture medium for fungal growth and lipase production. The fungus Penicillium simplicissimum was able to grow and produce an enzyme in this waste. In order to maximize the enzyme production, two sequential designs-Plackett-Burman (variable screening) followed by central composite rotatable design (CCRD)-were carried out, attaining a considerable increase in lipase production, reaching an activity of 155.0 U/g after 96 h of fermentation. The use of experimental design strategy was efficient, leading to an increase of 340% in the lipase production. Zymography showed the presence of different lipases in the crude extract. The partial characterization of such extract showed the occurrence of two lipase pools with distinct characteristics of pH and temperature of action: one group with optimal action at pH 6.5 and 45°C and another one at pH 9.0 and 25°C. These results demonstrate how to add value to a toxic and worthless residue through the production of lipases with distinct characteristics. This pool of enzymes, produced through a low cost methodology, can be applied in different areas of biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateus G Godoy
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Laboratório de Biotecnologia Microbiana - 549-1 e 2, Instituto de Química, Centro de Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos, 149, Bloco A, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 21941-909, Brazil.
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