1
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Park CS, Moon C, Kim M, Kim J, Yang S, Jang L, Jang JY, Jeong CM, Lee HS, Kim DK, Kim HH. Comparison of sialylated and fucosylated N-glycans attached to Asn 6 and Asn 41 with different roles in hyaluronan and proteoglycan link protein 1 (HAPLN1). Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 260:129575. [PMID: 38246450 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Hyaluronan and proteoglycan link protein 1 (HAPLN1) is an extracellular matrix protein stabilizing interactions between hyaluronan and proteoglycan. Although HAPLN1 is being investigated for various biological roles, its N-glycosylation is poorly understood. In this study, the structure of N-glycopeptides of trypsin-treated recombinant human HAPLN1 (rhHAPLN1) expressed from CHO cells were identified by nano-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. A total of 66 N-glycopeptides were obtained, including 16 and 12 N-glycans at sites Asn 6 (located in the N-terminal region) and Asn 41 (located in the Ig-like domain, which interacts with proteoglycan), respectively. The quantities (%) of each N-glycan relative to the totals (100 %) at each site were calculated. Tri- and tetra-sialylation (to resist proteolysis and extend half-life) were more abundant at Asn 6, and di- (core- and terminal-) fucosylation (to increase binding affinity and stability) and sialyl-Lewis X/a epitope (a major ligand for E-selectin) were more abundant at Asn 41. These results indicate that N-glycans attached to Asn 6 (protecting HAPLN1) and Asn 41 (supporting molecular interactions) play different roles in HAPLN1. This is the first study of site-specific N-glycosylation in rhHAPLN1, which will be useful for understanding its molecular interactions in the extracellular matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Soo Park
- Biotherapeutics and Glycomics Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea; Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Chulmin Moon
- Biotherapeutics and Glycomics Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea; Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Mirae Kim
- Biotherapeutics and Glycomics Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea; Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Jieun Kim
- Biotherapeutics and Glycomics Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea; Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Subin Yang
- Biotherapeutics and Glycomics Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea; Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Leeseul Jang
- Biotherapeutics and Glycomics Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea; Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Jang
- Biotherapeutics and Glycomics Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea; Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Myeong Jeong
- Biotherapeutics and Glycomics Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea; Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Seul Lee
- Biotherapeutics and Glycomics Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea; Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Kyong Kim
- Department of Environmental & Health Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha Hyung Kim
- Biotherapeutics and Glycomics Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea; Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Floyd JA, Gillespie AJ, Nightlinger NS, Siska C, Kerwin BA. The Development of a Novel Aflibercept Formulation for Ocular Delivery. J Pharm Sci 2024; 113:366-376. [PMID: 38042344 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2023.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
Aflibercept is a recombinant fusion protein that is commercially available for several ocular diseases impacting millions of people worldwide. Here, we use a case study approach to examine alternative liquid formulations for aflibercept for ocular delivery, utilizing different stabilizers, buffering agents, and surfactants with the goal of improving the thermostability to allow for limited storage outside the cold chain. The formulations were developed by studying the effects of pH changes, substituting amino acids for sucrose and salt, and using polysorbate 80 or poloxamer 188 instead of polysorbate 20. A formulation containing acetate, proline, and poloxamer 188 had lower rates of aggregate formation at 4, 30, and 40°C when compared to the marketed commercial formulation containing phosphate, sucrose, sodium chloride, and polysorbate 20. Further studies examining subvisible particles after exposure to a transport stress and long-term stability at 4°C, post-translational modifications by multi-attribute method, purity by reduced and non-reduced capillary electrophoresis, and potency by cell proliferation also demonstrated a comparable or improved stability for the enhanced formulation of acetate, proline, and poloxamer 188. This enhanced stability could enable limited storage outside of the cold chain, allowing for easier distribution in low to middle income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Alaina Floyd
- Just- Evotec Biologics, 401 Terry Ave N., Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
| | | | | | - Christine Siska
- Just- Evotec Biologics, 401 Terry Ave N., Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Bruce A Kerwin
- Just- Evotec Biologics, 401 Terry Ave N., Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
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3
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Chung FY, Lin YZ, Huang CR, Huang KW, Chen YF. Crosslinking kiwifruit-derived DNA with natural aromatic aldehydes generates membranolytic antibacterial nanogels. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 255:127947. [PMID: 37951422 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Improper use of antibiotics has led to the global rise of drug-resistant biofilm bacteria. Thus, researchers have been increasingly interested in green materials that are highly biocompatible and have low toxicity. Here, nanogels (NGs) with imine bonds were synthesized by crosslinking kiwifruit-derived DNA's primary amine and aromatic aldehydes (cuminaldehyde, p-anisaldehyde, or vanillin) under water-in-hexane emulsion processes. Transmission electron microscope showed that the NGs had spherical geometry with an average particle size ranging from 40 to 140 nm and that the zeta potential indicated a negative charge. Additionally, the DNA-aromatic aldehyde NGs showed low cytotoxicity toward normal cell organoids and human RBCs in cell viability tests. These NGs were also tested against four pathogenic bacteria for various assays. DNA-vanillin (DNA-VA) NGs exhibited significant antibacterial effects against bacteria with very low inhibitory concentrations as seen in a minimum inhibitory concentration assay. Scanning electron microscope observation revealed that the bacteria were deformed, and immunoblotting detected intracellular groEL protein expression. In agreement with these results, DNA-aromatic aldehyde NGs successfully protected C. elegans from P. aeruginosa-induced lethality. These DNA NGs provided a multivalent 3D space for antibacterial aromatic aldehydes to tether, enhancing their interaction with the bacterial wall. These results offer a new direction for the development of novel antibiotics in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Yu Chung
- Master Program in Biomedicine, National Taitung University, No. 684, Section 1, Zhonghua Rd., Taitung 95092, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Zhen Lin
- Master Program in Biomedicine, National Taitung University, No. 684, Section 1, Zhonghua Rd., Taitung 95092, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Rung Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Rd., East Dist., Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Wen Huang
- Master Program in Biomedicine, National Taitung University, No. 684, Section 1, Zhonghua Rd., Taitung 95092, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Fon Chen
- Master Program in Biomedicine, National Taitung University, No. 684, Section 1, Zhonghua Rd., Taitung 95092, Taiwan.
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4
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Lee MV, Saad OM, Wong S, LaMar J, Kamen L, Ordonia B, Melendez R, Hassanzadeh A, Chung S, Kaur S. Development of a semi-automated MHC-associated peptide proteomics (MAPPs) method using streptavidin bead-based immunoaffinity capture and nano LC-MS/MS to support immunogenicity risk assessment in drug development. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1295285. [PMID: 38022649 PMCID: PMC10667718 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1295285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-Associated Peptide Proteomics (MAPPs) is an ex vivo method used to assess the immunogenicity risk of biotherapeutics. MAPPs can identify potential T-cell epitopes within the biotherapeutic molecule. Using adalimumab treated human monocyte derived dendritic cells (DCs) and a pan anti-HLA-DR antibody (Ab), we systematically automated and optimized biotin/streptavidin (SA)-capture antibody coupling, lysate incubation with capture antibody, as well as the washing and elution steps of a MAPPs method using functionalized magnetic beads and a KingFisher Magnetic Particle processor. Automation of these steps, combined with capturing using biotinylated-Ab/SA magnetic beads rather than covalently bound antibody, improved reproducibility as measured by minimal inter-and intra-day variability, as well as minimal analyst-to-analyst variability. The semi-automated MAPPs workflow improved sensitivity, allowing for a lower number of cells per analysis. The method was assessed using five different biotherapeutics with varying immunogenicity rates ranging from 0.1 to 48% ADA incidence in the clinic. Biotherapeutics with ≥10%immunogenicity incidence consistently presented more peptides (1.8-28 fold) and clusters (10-21 fold) compared to those with <10% immunogenicity incidence. Our semi-automated MAPPs method provided two main advantages over a manual workflow- the robustness and reproducibility affords confidence in the epitopes identified from as few as 5 to 10 donors and the method workflow can be readily adapted to incorporate different capture Abs in addition to anti-HLA-DR. The incorporation of semi-automated MAPPs with biotinylated-Ab/SA bead-based capture in immunogenicity screening strategies allows the generation of more consistent and reliable data, helping to improve immunogenicity prediction capabilities in drug development. MHC associated peptide proteomics (MAPPs), Immunogenicity risk assessment, in vitro/ex vivo, biotherapeutics, Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II (MHC II), LC-MS, Immunoaffinity Capture, streptavidin magnetic beads.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ola M. Saad
- *Correspondence: M. Violet Lee, ; Ola M. Saad,
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5
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Rauch-Wirth L, Renner A, Kaygisiz K, Weil T, Zimmermann L, Rodriguez-Alfonso AA, Schütz D, Wiese S, Ständker L, Weil T, Schmiedel D, Münch J. Optimized peptide nanofibrils as efficient transduction enhancers for in vitro and ex vivo gene transfer. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1270243. [PMID: 38022685 PMCID: PMC10666768 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1270243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy is a groundbreaking immunotherapy for cancer. However, the intricate and costly manufacturing process remains a hurdle. Improving the transduction rate is a potential avenue to cut down costs and boost therapeutic efficiency. Peptide nanofibrils (PNFs) serve as one such class of transduction enhancers. PNFs bind to negatively charged virions, facilitating their active engagement by cellular protrusions, which enhances virion attachment to cells, leading to increased cellular entry and gene transfer rates. While first-generation PNFs had issues with aggregate formation and potential immunogenicity, our study utilized in silico screening to identify short, endogenous, and non-immunogenic peptides capable of enhancing transduction. This led to the discovery of an 8-mer peptide, RM-8, which forms PNFs that effectively boost T cell transduction rates by various retroviral vectors. A subsequent structure-activity relationship (SAR) analysis refined RM-8, resulting in the D4 derivative. D4 peptide is stable and assembles into smaller PNFs, avoiding large aggregate formation, and demonstrates superior transduction rates in primary T and NK cells. In essence, D4 PNFs present an economical and straightforward nanotechnological tool, ideal for refining ex vivo gene transfer in CAR-T cell production and potentially other advanced therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Rauch-Wirth
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Alexander Renner
- Department for Cell and Gene Therapy Development, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kübra Kaygisiz
- Department Synthesis of Macromolecules, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz, Germany
| | - Tatjana Weil
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Laura Zimmermann
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Armando A. Rodriguez-Alfonso
- Core Facility Functional Peptidomics, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
- Core Unit of Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Desiree Schütz
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sebastian Wiese
- Core Unit of Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ludger Ständker
- Core Facility Functional Peptidomics, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Tanja Weil
- Department Synthesis of Macromolecules, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz, Germany
| | - Dominik Schmiedel
- Department for Cell and Gene Therapy Development, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jan Münch
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
- Core Facility Functional Peptidomics, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
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6
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São Pedro MN, Isaksson M, Gomis-Fons J, Eppink MHM, Nilsson B, Ottens M. Real-time detection of mAb aggregates in an integrated downstream process. Biotechnol Bioeng 2023; 120:2989-3000. [PMID: 37309984 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The implementation of continuous processing in the biopharmaceutical industry is hindered by the scarcity of process analytical technologies (PAT). To monitor and control a continuous process, PAT tools will be crucial to measure real-time product quality attributes such as protein aggregation. Miniaturizing these analytical techniques can increase measurement speed and enable faster decision-making. A fluorescent dye (FD)-based miniaturized sensor has previously been developed: a zigzag microchannel which mixes two streams under 30 s. Bis-ANS and CCVJ, two established FDs, were employed in this micromixer to detect aggregation of the biopharmaceutical monoclonal antibody (mAb). Both FDs were able to robustly detect aggregation levels starting at 2.5%. However, the real-time measurement provided by the microfluidic sensor still needs to be implemented and assessed in an integrated continuous downstream process. In this work, the micromixer is implemented in a lab-scale integrated system for the purification of mAbs, established in an ÄKTA™ unit. A viral inactivation and two polishing steps were reproduced, sending a sample of the product pool after each phase directly to the microfluidic sensor for aggregate detection. An additional UV sensor was connected after the micromixer and an increase in its signal would indicate that aggregates were present in the sample. The at-line miniaturized PAT tool provides a fast aggregation measurement, under 10 min, enabling better process understanding and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana N São Pedro
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Michel H M Eppink
- Byondis B. V., Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Bioprocessing Engineering, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bernt Nilsson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Marcel Ottens
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
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7
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Han X, Ju LS, Irudayaraj J. Oxygenated Wound Dressings for Hypoxia Mitigation and Enhanced Wound Healing. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:3338-3355. [PMID: 37338289 PMCID: PMC10324602 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Oxygen is a critical factor that can regulate the wound healing processes such as skin cell proliferation, granulation, re-epithelialization, angiogenesis, and tissue regeneration. However, hypoxia, a common occurrence in the wound bed, can impede normal healing processes. To enhance wound healing, oxygenation strategies that could effectively increase wound oxygen levels are effective. The present review summarizes wound healing stages and the role of hypoxia in wound healing and overviews current strategies to incorporate various oxygen delivery or generating materials for wound dressing, including catalase, nanoenzyme, hemoglobin, calcium peroxide, or perfluorocarbon-based materials, in addition to photosynthetic bacteria and hyperbaric oxygen therapy. Mechanism of action, oxygenation efficacy, and potential benefits and drawbacks of these dressings are also discussed. We conclude by highlighting the importance of design optimization in wound dressings to address the clinical needs to improve clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Han
- Department
of Bioengineering, University of Illinois
at Urbana−Champaign, 1102 Everitt Lab, 1406 W. Green St., Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Cancer
Center at Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Biomedical
Research Center, Mills Breast Cancer Institute, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Beckman
Institute, Holonyak Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Carle R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Leah Suyeon Ju
- Department
of Bioengineering, University of Illinois
at Urbana−Champaign, 1102 Everitt Lab, 1406 W. Green St., Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Biomedical
Research Center, Mills Breast Cancer Institute, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Joseph Irudayaraj
- Department
of Bioengineering, University of Illinois
at Urbana−Champaign, 1102 Everitt Lab, 1406 W. Green St., Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Cancer
Center at Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Biomedical
Research Center, Mills Breast Cancer Institute, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Beckman
Institute, Holonyak Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Carle R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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8
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Zimoch P, Rumanek T, Kołodziej M, Piątkowski W, Antos D. Coupling of chromatography and precipitation for adjusting acidic variant content in a monoclonal antibody pool. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1701:464070. [PMID: 37209519 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The acidic charge variants (av) of monoclonal antibodies (mAb) are often reported to have reduced therapeutic potency compared with the main (mv) and basic variants (bv), therefore reduction in the av content in mAb pools is often prioritized over reduction in the bv content. In previous studies we described two different methods for reducing the av content, which were based on either ion exchange chromatography or selective precipitation in polyethylene glycol (PEG) solutions. In this study, we have developed a coupled process, in which advantages of simplicity and ease in realization of PEG-aided precipitation and high separation selectivity of anion exchange chromatography (AEX) were exploited. The design of AEX was supported by the kinetic-dispersive model, which was supplemented with the colloidal particle adsorption isotherm, whereas the precipitation process and its coupling with AEX was quantified by simple mass balance equations and underlying thermodynamic dependencies. The model was used to assess the performance of the coupling of AEX and precipitation under different operating conditions. The advantage of the coupled process over the stand-alone AEX depended on the demand for the av reduction as well as the initial variant composition of the mAb pool, e.g., the improvement in the throughput provided by the optimized sequence of AEX and PREC varied from 70 to 600% for the initial av content changed from 35 to 50% w/w, and the reduction demand changed from 30 to 60%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Zimoch
- Doctoral School of the Rzeszow University of Technology, Poland
| | - Tomasz Rumanek
- Doctoral School of the Rzeszow University of Technology, Poland
| | - Michał Kołodziej
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Rzeszów University of Technology, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Wojciech Piątkowski
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Rzeszów University of Technology, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Dorota Antos
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Rzeszów University of Technology, Rzeszów, Poland.
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9
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Patamia V, Zagni C, Brullo I, Saccullo E, Coco A, Floresta G, Rescifina A. Computer-Assisted Design of Peptide-Based Radiotracers. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076856. [PMID: 37047831 PMCID: PMC10095039 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In medical imaging, techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging, contrast-enhanced computerized tomography, positron emission tomography (PET), and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) are extensively available and routinely used for disease diagnosis. PET probes with peptide-based targeting are typically composed of small peptides especially developed to have high affinity and specificity for a range of cellular and tissue targets. These probes’ key benefits include being less expensive than traditional antibody-based PET tracers and having an effective chemical modification process that allows them to be radiolabeled with almost any radionuclide, making them highly appealing for clinical usage. Currently, as with every pharmaceutical design, the use of in silico strategies is steadily growing in this field, even though it is not part of the standard toolkit used during radiopharmaceutical design. This review describes the recent applications of computational design approaches in the design of novel peptide-based radiopharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Patamia
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco e della Salute, Università di Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Chiara Zagni
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco e della Salute, Università di Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Ilaria Brullo
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco e della Salute, Università di Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Erika Saccullo
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco e della Salute, Università di Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Alessandro Coco
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco e della Salute, Università di Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Floresta
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco e della Salute, Università di Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Antonio Rescifina
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco e della Salute, Università di Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
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10
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Larivière L, Krüger JE, von Hirschheydt T, Schlothauer T, Bray-French K, Bader M, Runza V. End-to-end approach for the characterization and control of product-related impurities in T cell bispecific antibody preparations. Int J Pharm X 2023; 5:100157. [PMID: 36687375 PMCID: PMC9850176 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpx.2023.100157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody-based T cell-activating biologics are promising therapeutic medicines being developed for a number of indications, mainly in the oncology field. Among those, T cell bispecific antibodies are designed to bind one tumor-specific antigen and the T cell receptor at the same time, leading to a robust T cell response against the tumor. Although their unique format and the versatility of the CrossMab technology allows for the generation of safer molecules in an efficient manner, product-related variants cannot be completely avoided. Therefore, it is of extreme importance that both a manufacturing process that limits or depletes product-related impurities, as well as a thorough analytical characterization are in place, starting from the development of the manufacturing cell line until the assessment of potential toxicities. Here, we describe such an end-to-end approach to minimize, quantify and control impurities and -upon their functional characterization- derive specifications that allow for the release of clinical material.
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Key Words
- Antibody manufacturing process
- CE-SDS, capillary electrophoresis‑sodium dodecyl sulfate
- CRS, cytokine release syndrome
- ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
- End-to-end approach
- Fc, fragment crystallizable
- Functional characterization
- GMP, good manufacturing process
- HIC, hydrophobic interaction chromatography
- HMW, high molecular weight (species)
- IEX, ion exchange chromatography
- PBS, phosphate buffer saline
- Product-related impurities control
- SEC, size-exclusion chromatography
- SPR, surface plasmon resonance
- TAA, tumor-associated antigen
- TCB, T cell bispecific
- TCR, T cell receptor
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Larivière
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg 82377, Germany
| | - Julia Eva Krüger
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg 82377, Germany
| | - Thomas von Hirschheydt
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg 82377, Germany
| | - Tilman Schlothauer
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg 82377, Germany
| | - Katharine Bray-French
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel 4058, Switzerland
| | - Martin Bader
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg 82377, Germany
| | - Valeria Runza
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg 82377, Germany,Corresponding author.
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11
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Rumanek T, Kołodziej M, Piątkowski W, Antos D. Preferential precipitation of acidic variants from monoclonal antibody pools. Biotechnol Bioeng 2023; 120:114-124. [PMID: 36226348 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Microheterogeneity of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) can impact their activity and stability. Formation of charge variants is considered as the most important source of the microheterogeneity. In particular, controlling the content of the acidic species is often of major importance for the production process and regulatory approval of therapeutic proteins. In this study, the preferential precipitation process was developed for reducing the content of acidic variants in mAb downstream pools. The process design was preceded by the determination of phase behavior of mAb variants in the presence of different precipitants. It was shown that the presence of polyethylene glycol (PEG) in protein solutions favored precipitation of acidic variants of mAbs. Precipitation yield was influenced by the variant composition in the mAb feed solutions, the concentration of the precipitant and the protein, and the ionic strength of the solutions. To improve yield, multistage precipitation was employed, where the precipitate was recycled to the precipitation process. The final product was a mixture of supernatants pooled together from the recycling steps. Such an approach can be potentially used either instead or in a combination with chromatography for adjusting the acidic variant content of mAbs, which can benefit in improvement in throughput and reduction in manufacturing costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Rumanek
- Doctoral School of Engineering and Technical Sciences at the Rzeszow University of Technology, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Michał Kołodziej
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Rzeszów University of Technology, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Wojciech Piątkowski
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Rzeszów University of Technology, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Dorota Antos
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Rzeszów University of Technology, Rzeszów, Poland
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12
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Liang S, Zhang C. PITHA: A Webtool to Predict Immunogenicity for Humanized and Fully Human Therapeutic Antibodies. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2552:143-150. [PMID: 36346590 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2609-2_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Immunogenicity is an important concern to therapeutic antibodies during antibody design and development. Based on the co-crystal structures of idiotypic antibodies and their antibodies, one can see that anti-idiotypic antibodies usually bind the complementarity-determining regions (CDR) of idiotypic antibodies. Sequence and structural features, such as cavity volume at the CDR region and hydrophobicity of CDR-H3 loop region, were identified for distinguishing immunogenic antibodies from non-immunogenic antibodies. These features were integrated together with a machine learning platform to predict immunogenicity for humanized and fully human therapeutic antibodies (PITHA). This method achieved an accuracy of 83% in a leave-one-out experiment for 29 therapeutic antibodies with available crystal structures. The web server of this method is accessible at http://mabmedicine.com/PITHA or http://sysbio.unl.edu/PITHA . This method, as a step of computer-aided antibody design, helps evaluate the safety of new therapeutic antibody, which can save time and money during the therapeutic antibody development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shide Liang
- Department of Research and Development, Bio-Thera Solutions, Guangzhou, P. R. China.
| | - Chi Zhang
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA.
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13
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Santana H, González Y, Dorta D, Blanco R, Viltres Y, González J, Espinosa LA, Leyva A, Bello I. Stability-indicative and conformation-specific enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for analysis of recombinant human gamma interferon. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 222:115070. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.115070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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14
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Human immunoglobulin G adsorption in hydrophobic ligands: equilibrium data, isotherm modelling and prediction using artificial neural networks. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-022-02548-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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15
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Göritzer K, Grandits M, Grünwald-Gruber C, Figl R, Mercx S, Navarre C, Ma JKC, Teh AYH. Engineering the N-glycosylation pathway of Nicotiana tabacum for molecular pharming using CRISPR/Cas9. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1003065. [PMID: 36161010 PMCID: PMC9493077 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1003065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Molecular pharming in plants offers exciting possibilities to address global access to modern biologics. However, differences in the N-glycosylation pathway including the presence of β(1,2)-xylose and core α(1,3)-fucose can affect activity, potency and immunogenicity of plant-derived proteins. Successful glycoengineering approaches toward human-like structures with no changes in plant phenotype, growth, or recombinant protein expression levels have been reported for Arabidopsis thaliana and Nicotiana benthamiana. Such engineering of N-glycosylation would also be desirable for Nicotiana tabacum, which remains the crop of choice for recombinant protein pharmaceuticals required at massive scale and for manufacturing technology transfer to less developed countries. Here, we generated N. tabacum cv. SR-1 β(1,2)-xylosyltransferase (XylT) and α(1,3)-fucosyltransferase (FucT) knockout lines using CRISPR/Cas9 multiplex genome editing, targeting three conserved regions of the four FucT and two XylT genes. These two enzymes are responsible for generating non-human N-glycan structures. We confirmed full functional knockout of transformants by immunoblotting of total soluble protein by antibodies recognizing β(1,2)-xylose and core α(1,3)-fucose, mass spectrometry analysis of recombinantly produced VRC01, a broadly neutralizing anti-HIV-1 hIgG1 antibody, and Sanger sequencing of targeted regions of the putative transformants. These data represent an important step toward establishing Nicotiana tabacum as a biologics platform for Global Health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Göritzer
- Hotung Molecular Immunology Unit, Institute for Infection and Immunity, St. George’s University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Melanie Grandits
- Hotung Molecular Immunology Unit, Institute for Infection and Immunity, St. George’s University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Clemens Grünwald-Gruber
- Core Facility Mass Spectrometry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rudolf Figl
- Core Facility Mass Spectrometry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sébastien Mercx
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Catherine Navarre
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Julian K-C. Ma
- Hotung Molecular Immunology Unit, Institute for Infection and Immunity, St. George’s University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Audrey Y-H. Teh
- Hotung Molecular Immunology Unit, Institute for Infection and Immunity, St. George’s University of London, London, United Kingdom
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16
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Carboxyl Group-Modified Myoglobin Induces TNF-α-Mediated Apoptosis in Leukemia Cells. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15091066. [PMID: 36145287 PMCID: PMC9501283 DOI: 10.3390/ph15091066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that chemical modification may increase the activity of proteins or confer novel activity to proteins. Some studies have indicated that myoglobin (Mb) is cytotoxic; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we investigated whether chemical modification of the carboxyl group by semicarbazide could promote the Mb cytotoxicity in human leukemia U937 cells and the underlying mechanism of semicarbazide-modified myoglobin (SEM-Mb)-induced U937 cell death. The semicarbazide-modified Mb (SEM-Mb) induced U937 cell apoptosis via the production of cleaved caspase-8 and t-Bid, while silencing of FADD abolished this effect. These findings suggest that SEM-Mb can induce U937 cell death by activating the death receptor-mediated pathway. The SEM-Mb inhibited miR-99a expression, leading to increased NOX4 mRNA and protein expression, which promoted SIRT3 degradation, and, in turn, induced ROS-mediated p38 MAPK phosphorylation. Activated p38 MAPK stimulated miR-29a-dependent tristetraprolin (TTP) mRNA decay. Downregulation of TTP slowed TNF-α mRNA turnover, thereby increasing TNF-α protein expression. The SEM-Mb-induced decrease in cell viability and TNF-α upregulation were alleviated by abrogating the NOX4/SIRT3/ROS/p38 MAPK axis or ectopic expression of TTP. Taken together, our results demonstrated that the NOX4/SIRT3/p38 MAPK/TTP axis induces TNF-α-mediated apoptosis in U937 cells following SEM-Mb treatment. A pathway regulating p38 MAPK-mediated TNF-α expression also explains the cytotoxicity of SEM-Mb in the human leukemia cell lines HL-60, THP-1, K562, Jurkat, and ABT-199-resistant U937. Furthermore, these findings suggest that the carboxyl group-modified Mb is a potential structural template for the generation of tumoricidal proteins.
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17
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Ruppen I, Beydon ME, Solís C, Sacristán D, Vandenheede I, Ortiz A, Sandra K, Adhikary L. Similarity demonstrated between isolated charge variants of MB02, a biosimilar of bevacizumab, and Avastin® following extended physicochemical and functional characterization. Biologicals 2022; 77:1-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2021.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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18
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Tyrosine O-sulfation proteoforms affect HIV-1 monoclonal antibody potency. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8433. [PMID: 35589938 PMCID: PMC9120178 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12423-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
CAP256V2LS, a broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibody (bNAb), is being pursued as a promising drug for HIV-1 prevention. The total level of tyrosine-O-sulfation, a post-translational modification, was known to play a key role for antibody biological activity. More importantly, here wedescribe for the first time the significance of the tyrosine-O-sulfation proteoforms. We developed a hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) method to separate and quantify different sulfation proteoforms, which led to the direct functionality assessment of tyrosine-sulfated species. The fully sulfated (4-SO3) proteoform demonstrated the highest in vitro relative antigen binding potency and neutralization efficiency against a panel of HIV-1 viruses. Interestingly, highly variable levels of 4-SO3 were produced by different clonal CHO cell lines, which helped the bNAb process development towards production of a highly potent CAP256V2LS clinical product with high 4-SO3 proteoform. This study presents powerful insight for any biotherapeutic protein development where sulfation may play an important role in product efficacy.
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19
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Zeunik R, Ryuzoji AF, Peariso A, Wang X, Lannan M, Spindler LJ, Knierman M, Copeland V, Patel C, Wen Y. Investigation of immune responses to oxidation, deamidation, and isomerization in therapeutic antibodies using preclinical immunogenicity risk assessment assays. J Pharm Sci 2022; 111:2217-2229. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2022.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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20
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Improved Titer in Late-Stage Mammalian Cell Culture Manufacturing by Re-Cloning. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9040173. [PMID: 35447733 PMCID: PMC9030702 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9040173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Improving productivity to reduce the cost of biologics manufacturing and ensure that therapeutics can reach more patients remains a major challenge faced by the biopharmaceutical industry. Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell lines are commonly prepared for biomanufacturing by single cell cloning post-transfection and recovery, followed by lead clone screening, generation of a research cell bank (RCB), cell culture process development, and manufacturing of a master cell bank (MCB) to be used in early phase clinical manufacturing. In this study, it was found that an additional round of cloning and clone selection from an established monoclonal RCB or MCB (i.e., re-cloning) significantly improved titer for multiple late phase monoclonal antibody upstream processes. Quality attributes remained comparable between the processes using the parental clones and the re-clones. For two CHO cells expressing different antibodies, the re-clone performance was successfully scaled up at 500-L or at 2000-L bioreactor scales, demonstrating for the first time that the re-clone is suitable for late phase and commercial manufacturing processes for improvement of titer while maintaining comparable product quality to the early phase process.
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21
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Vallejo DD, Rojas Ramírez C, Parson KF, Han Y, Gadkari VV, Ruotolo BT. Mass Spectrometry Methods for Measuring Protein Stability. Chem Rev 2022; 122:7690-7719. [PMID: 35316030 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry is a central technology in the life sciences, providing our most comprehensive account of the molecular inventory of the cell. In parallel with developments in mass spectrometry technologies targeting such assessments of cellular composition, mass spectrometry tools have emerged as versatile probes of biomolecular stability. In this review, we cover recent advancements in this branch of mass spectrometry that target proteins, a centrally important class of macromolecules that accounts for most biochemical functions and drug targets. Our efforts cover tools such as hydrogen-deuterium exchange, chemical cross-linking, ion mobility, collision induced unfolding, and other techniques capable of stability assessments on a proteomic scale. In addition, we focus on a range of application areas where mass spectrometry-driven protein stability measurements have made notable impacts, including studies of membrane proteins, heat shock proteins, amyloidogenic proteins, and biotherapeutics. We conclude by briefly discussing the future of this vibrant and fast-moving area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel D Vallejo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Carolina Rojas Ramírez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Kristine F Parson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Yilin Han
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Varun V Gadkari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Brandon T Ruotolo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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22
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Numao E, Yanagisawa K, Hosono M, Yagi Y, Nishimura K, Yamazaki K. Development of a comprehensive approach for performance evaluation of a quantitative multi-attribute method as a quality control method. ANAL SCI 2022; 38:739-747. [PMID: 35297021 DOI: 10.1007/s44211-022-00090-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The multi-attribute method has been recognized as an elegant quantification tool for post-translational modifications (PTMs) of therapeutic proteins, since it can evaluate several attributes spontaneously and site-specifically. Here, the abundance of PTMs calculated by three different types of formula were compared and there was little difference among the results. For the method evaluation, two different kinds of peptides were used as internal standards (ISs) and one of the IS was used as the "standard peak" to define the signal strength of MS. They are also used for system suitability testing to verify whether the condition or sensitivity of mass spectrometry are high enough to evaluate the minor components by confirming the recovery rate of one IS to the another. This system is beneficial that since we have defined the limit of quantification as a certain ratio to IS, consistent MS intensity is applied as the threshold across all detected peaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eriko Numao
- Bio Process Research and Development Laboratories, Production Division, Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., Takasaki, Gunma, 370-0013, Japan.
| | - Kumi Yanagisawa
- Bio Process Research and Development Laboratories, Production Division, Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., Takasaki, Gunma, 370-0013, Japan
| | - Mayu Hosono
- Bio Process Research and Development Laboratories, Production Division, Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., Takasaki, Gunma, 370-0013, Japan
| | - Yuki Yagi
- Bio Process Research and Development Laboratories, Production Division, Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., Takasaki, Gunma, 370-0013, Japan
| | - Koichiro Nishimura
- Bio Process Research and Development Laboratories, Production Division, Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., Takasaki, Gunma, 370-0013, Japan
| | - Katsuyoshi Yamazaki
- Bio Process Research and Development Laboratories, Production Division, Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., Takasaki, Gunma, 370-0013, Japan
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23
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Narhi LO, Chou DK, Christian TR, Gibson S, Jagannathan B, Jiskoot W, Jordan S, Sreedhara A, Waxman L, Das TK. Stress Factors in Primary Packaging, Transportation and Handling of Protein Drug Products and Their Impact on Product Quality. J Pharm Sci 2022; 111:887-902. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2022.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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24
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Binder design for targeting SARS-CoV-2 spike protein: An in silico perspective. GENE REPORTS 2021; 26:101452. [PMID: 34849425 PMCID: PMC8616691 DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2021.101452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic is now affecting all people around the world and getting worse. New antiviral medications are desperately needed other than the few approved medications that have shown no promising efficacy so far. Methods Here we report three blocking binders for targeting SARS-CoV-2 spike protein to block the interaction between the spike protein on the SARS-CoV-2 and the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors, responsible for viral homing into the alveolar epithelium type II cells (AECII). Results The design process is based on the collected natural scaffolds and using Rosetta interface for designing the binders. Conclusion Based on the structural analysis, three binders were selected, and the results showed that they might be promising as new therapeutic targets for blocking COVID-19.
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25
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Gillespie C, Wasalathanthri DP, Ritz DB, Zhou G, Davis KA, Wucherpfennig T, Hazelwood N. Systematic assessment of process analytical technologies for biologics. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 119:423-434. [PMID: 34778948 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The application of process analytical technology (PAT) for biotherapeutic development and manufacturing has been employed owing to technological, economic, and regulatory advantages across the industry. Typically, chromatographic, spectroscopic, and/or mass spectrometric sensors are integrated into upstream and downstream unit operations in in-line, on-line, or at-line fashion to enable real-time monitoring and control of the process. Despite the widespread utility of PAT technologies at various unit operations of the bioprocess, a holistic business value assessment of PAT has not been well addressed in biologics. Thus, in this study, we evaluated PAT technologies based on predefined criteria for their technological attributes such as enablement of better process understanding, control, and high-throughput capabilities; as well as for business attributes such as simplicity of implementation, lead time, and cost reduction. The study involved an industry-wide survey, where input from subject matter industry experts on various PAT tools were collected, assessed, and ranked. The survey results demonstrated on-line liquid Chromatography (LC), in-line Raman, and gas analysis techniques are of high business value especially at the production bioreactor unit operation of upstream processing. In-line variable path-length UV/VIS measurements (VPE), on-line LC, multiangle light scattering (MALS), and automated sampling are of high business value in Protein A purification and polishing steps of the downstream process. We also provide insights, based on our experience in clinical and commercial manufacturing of biologics, into the development and implementation of some of the PAT tools. The results presented in this study are intended to be helpful for the current practitioners of PAT as well as those new to the field to gauge, prioritize and steer their projects for success.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Diana B Ritz
- GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - George Zhou
- Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey, USA
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26
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Similarity demonstrated between isolated charge variants of MB02, a biosimilar of bevacizumab, and Avastin® following extended physicochemical and functional characterization. Biologicals 2021; 73:41-56. [PMID: 34593306 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2021.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of recombinant mAb products contain heterogeneous charge variants, commonly the result of post-translational modifications occurring during cell culture and accumulated during production, formulation and storage. MB02 is a biosimilar mAb to bevacizumab. Similarity data of charge variants for biosimilars against its reference products must be generated to demonstrate consistency in product quality and to ensure efficacy and safety. The goal of this work was to isolate seven charge variants of MB02 and Avastin® by semi-preparative cation exchange chromatography followed by purity test and extended analytical characterization to prove similarity. Although poor purity obtained for minor variants complicated data interpretation, an in-depth insight into the charge variants pattern of MB02 compared to Avastin® was obtained, contributing to a better understanding of modifications associated to microheterogeneity. To our knowledge, this is the first comparative analytical study of individual charge variants of a bevacizumab biosimilar following a head-to head approach and the most comprehensive N-glycosylation assessment of IgG1 charge variants. Although modifications related to N- and C-terminal, N-glycans, size heterogeneity or deamidation were specifically enriched among low abundant charge variants, they did not affect binding affinity to VEGF or FcRn and in vitro potency compared with the main species or unfractionated material.
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27
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Wen Y, Wang X, Cahya S, Anderson P, Velasquez C, Torres C, Ferrante A, Kaliyaperumal A. Comparability study of monocyte derived dendritic cells, primary monocytes, and THP1 cells for innate immune responses. J Immunol Methods 2021; 498:113147. [PMID: 34508774 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2021.113147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Immunogenicity is one major challenge to the successful development of biotherapeutics because it could adversely affect PK/PD, safety, and efficacy. Preclinical immunogenicity risk assessment strategies and assays have been developed and implemented to screen and optimize discovery molecules. Internalization by antigen presenting cells (APC) and innate immune activation are initial prerequisite steps in eliciting immune responses to biotherapeutics. Dendritic cells (DC)- and monocyte-based assays are employed to interrogate such risks, and their value has been well documented in the literature. However, these assays have limited throughput, exhibit higher variability, and entail lengthy and complex procedures as they are based on primary cells such as peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from individual donors. Herein, we investigated THP1 cells as surrogate cells to study APC internalization and innate immune activation. Comparability studies showed that THP1 cells could resemble innate immune responses of monocyte-derived DC and primary CD14+ monocytes using a panel of therapeutic antibodies. In addition, an automated high throughput THP1 internalization assay was qualified to enable risk assessment at pre‑lead stages. The results demonstrated that THP1 cells can be utilized to assess immunogenicity risk in a high throughput manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wen
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Lilly Biotechnology Center, Eli Lilly and Company, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Suntara Cahya
- Lilly Biotechnology Center, Eli Lilly and Company, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Paul Anderson
- Lilly Biotechnology Center, Eli Lilly and Company, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Candyd Velasquez
- Lilly Biotechnology Center, Eli Lilly and Company, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Carina Torres
- Lilly Biotechnology Center, Eli Lilly and Company, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Andrea Ferrante
- Lilly Biotechnology Center, Eli Lilly and Company, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
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28
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Stability study over time of clinical solutions of ziv-aflibercept prepared in infusion bags using a proper combination of physicochemical and functional strategies. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 203:114209. [PMID: 34153938 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A range of biopharmaceutical products are used to target Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), including Eylea® (aflibercept, AFL) and Zaltrap® (ziv-aflibercept, ziv-AFL). The first is indicated for ophthalmological diseases such as neovascular (wet) age-related macular degeneration, while the second is used in the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer. The stability of AFL in prefilled syringes has been widely studied; however, no research has yet been done on the stability of ziv-AFL in polyolefin infusion bags. Therefore, the purpose of the present research is to evaluate the stability of ziv-AFL (Zaltrap®) clinical solutions prepared under aseptic conditions in polyolefin infusion bags at two different concentrations, i.e. 4.0 and 0.6 mg/mL, and stored refrigerated in darkness at 2-8 °C for 14 days. With that aim, the ziv-AFL clinical solutions were assessed by analysing changes in its physicochemical and functional properties. The distribution of the particulates was studied over a range of 0.001-10 μm by Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS); oligomers were analysed by Size-Exclusion High-Performance Chromatography with Diode Array Detection (SE/HLPC-DAD); the secondary structure of the protein was studied by far UV Circular Dichroism (CD) and the tertiary structure by Intrinsic Tryptophan Fluorescence (IT-F) and Intrinsic Protein Fluorescence (IP-F); charge variants were assessed by Strong Cation Exchange Ultra-High-Performance Chromatography with UV detection (SCX/UHPLC-UV); functionality was evaluated by ELISA by measuring the biological activity as manifested in the extension of the immunological reaction of the ziv-AFL with its antigen (VEGF). Neither aggregation nor oligomerization were detected by the techniques mentioned above. Secondary and tertiary structures remained unchanged over the 14-day period, as did charge variants. The functionality observed initially was maintained along time. Therefore, it could be proposed that the ziv-AFL clinical solutions studied showed great physicochemical and functional stability over a period of two weeks, regardless of the concentration, i.e. 4 or 0.6 mg/mL.
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Lei M, Quan C, Wang JY, Kao YH, Schöneich C. Light-Induced Histidine Adducts to an IgG1 Molecule Via Oxidized Histidine Residue and the Potential Impact of Polysorbate-20 Concentration. Pharm Res 2021; 38:491-501. [PMID: 33666838 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-021-03010-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Histidine (His) undergoes light-induced reactions such as oxidation, crosslinking and addition. These reactions are initiated by singlet oxygen (1O2) to generate His photo-oxidation products, which are subject to nucleophilic attack by a non-oxidized His residue from another protein or by nucleophilic buffer components such as Tris and His. This report aims to identify light-induced His-adducts to a monoclonal antibody (mAb-1) due to the reaction of His molecules in the buffer with the photooxidized His residues under ICH light conditions. Since polysorbate-20 (PS-20) is a commonly used excipient in biotherapeutics formulation, it is also important to study the impact of PS-20 concentration on protein photostability. RESULTS We identified and characterized light-induced His-adducts of mAb-1 by LC-MS/MS. We showed that the levels of light-induced His-adducts generally correlate with the solvent accessibility of His residues in the protein. In addition, the presence of PS-20 at concentrations commonly used in protein drug formulations can significantly increase the levels of light-induced His-adducts. CONCLUSIONS Since His residues are present in a conserved region in the Fc domain, and may be present in the complementarity-determining region (CDR), the impact on the biological functions of the His-adducts observed here should be further studied to evaluate the risk of their presence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Lei
- Protein Analytical Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA.
| | - Cynthia Quan
- Protein Analytical Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA
| | - John Y Wang
- Late Stage Pharmaceutical Development, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA
| | - Yung-Hsiang Kao
- Protein Analytical Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA
| | - Christian Schöneich
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, 2095 Constant Avenue, Lawrence, Kansas, 66047, USA.
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Genetic glycoengineering in mammalian cells. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100448. [PMID: 33617880 PMCID: PMC8042171 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in nuclease-based gene-editing technologies have enabled precise, stable, and systematic genetic engineering of glycosylation capacities in mammalian cells, opening up a plethora of opportunities for studying the glycome and exploiting glycans in biomedicine. Glycoengineering using chemical, enzymatic, and genetic approaches has a long history, and precise gene editing provides a nearly unlimited playground for stable engineering of glycosylation in mammalian cells to explore and dissect the glycome and its many biological functions. Genetic engineering of glycosylation in cells also brings studies of the glycome to the single cell level and opens up wider use and integration of data in traditional omics workflows in cell biology. The last few years have seen new applications of glycoengineering in mammalian cells with perspectives for wider use in basic and applied glycosciences, and these have already led to discoveries of functions of glycans and improved designs of glycoprotein therapeutics. Here, we review the current state of the art of genetic glycoengineering in mammalian cells and highlight emerging opportunities.
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Ebbers HC, Fehrmann B, Ottosen M, Hvorslev N, Høier P, Hwang JW, Chung J, Lim HT, Lee S, Hong J, Rezk MF. Batch-to-Batch Consistency of SB4 and SB2, Etanercept and Infliximab Biosimilars. BioDrugs 2021; 34:225-233. [PMID: 31925703 PMCID: PMC7113226 DOI: 10.1007/s40259-019-00402-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Biosimilars must meet stringent regulatory requirements, both at the time of authorization and during their lifecycle. Yet it has been suggested that divergence in quality attributes over time may lead to clinically meaningful differences between two versions of a biologic. Therefore, this study investigated the batch-to-batch consistency across a range of parameters for released batches of the etanercept biosimilar (SB4) and infliximab biosimilar (SB2). Methods SB4 (Benepali®) and SB2 (Flixabi®) were both developed by Samsung Bioepis and are manufactured in Europe by Biogen at their facility in Hillerød, Denmark. A total of 120 batches of SB4 and 25 batches of SB2 were assessed for consistency and compliance with specified release parameters, including purity, post-translational glycosylation (SB4 only), protein concentration, and biological activity. Results The protein concentration, purity, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) binding, and TNF-α neutralization of all batches of SB4 and SB2 were within the strict specification limits set by regulatory agencies, as was the total sialic acid (TSA) content of all batches of SB4. Conclusions Quality attributes of SB4 and SB2 batches showed little variation and were consistently within the rigorous specifications defined by regulatory agencies. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s40259-019-00402-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans C Ebbers
- Biogen International GmbH, Neuhofstrasse 30, 6340, Baar, Switzerland.
| | | | - Mette Ottosen
- Biogen (Denmark) Manufacturing APS, Hillerød, Denmark
| | | | - Pia Høier
- Biogen (Denmark) Manufacturing APS, Hillerød, Denmark
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Pharmacokinetics Versus In Vitro Antiproliferative Potency to Design a Novel Hyperglycosylated hIFN-α2 Biobetter. Pharm Res 2021; 38:37-50. [PMID: 33443683 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-020-02978-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE IFN4N is a glycoengineered version of recombinant human interferon alpha 2 (rhIFN-α2) that was modified to exhibit four N-glycosylation sites. It shows reduced in vitro specific biological activity (SBA) mainly due to R23 mutation by N23. However, it has improved pharmacokinetics and led to a high in vivo antitumor activity in mice. In order to prepare a new IFN-based biobetter, this work compares the influence of glycosylation (affecting pharmacokinetics) with the in vitro antiproliferative SBA on the in vivo efficacy. METHODS Based on IFN4N, three groups of muteins were designed, produced, and characterized. Group A: variants with the same glycosylation degree (4N) but higher in vitro antiproliferative SBA (R23 restored); group B: muteins with higher glycosylation degree (5N) but similar in vitro antiproliferative activity; and group C: variants with improved glycosylation (5N and 6N) and in vitro antiproliferative bioactivity. RESULTS Glycoengineering was successful for improving pharmacokinetics, and R23 restoration considerably increased in vitro antiproliferative activity of new muteins compared to IFN4N. Hyperglycosylation was able to improve the in vivo efficacy similarly to or even better than R23 restoration. Additionally, the highest glycosylated mutein exhibited the lowest immunogenicity. CONCLUSIONS Hyperglycosylation constitutes a successful strategy to prepare a novel IFN biobetter.
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The Impact of Product and Process Related Critical Quality Attributes on Immunogenicity and Adverse Immunological Effects of Biotherapeutics. J Pharm Sci 2020; 110:1025-1041. [PMID: 33316242 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2020.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The pharmaceutical industry has experienced great successes with protein therapeutics in the last two decades and with novel modalities, including cell therapies and gene therapies, more recently. Biotherapeutics are complex in structure and present challenges for discovery, development, regulatory, and life cycle management. Biotherapeutics can interact with the immune system that may lead to undesired immunological responses, including immunogenicity, hypersensitivity reactions (HSR), injection site reactions (ISR), and others. Many product and process related critical quality attributes (CQAs) have the potential to trigger or augment such immunological responses to the product. Tremendous efforts, both clinically and preclinically, have been invested to understand the impact of product and process related CQAs on adverse immunological effects. The information and knowledge are critical for the implementation of Quality by Design (QbD), which requires risk assessment and establishment of specifications and control strategies for CQAs. A quality target product profile (QTPP) that identifies the key CQAs through process development can help assign severity scores based on safety, immunogenicity, pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of the molecule. Gaps and future directions related to biotherapeutics and emerging novel modalities are presented.
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Assessment of clinically relevant immunogenicity for mAbs; are we over reporting ADA? Bioanalysis 2020; 12:1325-1336. [PMID: 32946271 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2020-0174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunogenicity is recognized as a possible clinical risk due to the development of anti drug antibodies (ADAs) that can adversely impact drug safety and efficacy. Although robust assays are currently used to assess the ADA, there is a debate on how best to generate the most appropriate immunogenicity data. There are several factors that can trigger ADA formation including the immunity status of the target population and the severity of the disease indication. Immunogenicity testing has defaulted to the most conservative approach regardless of the inherent risk of the molecule or the patient population. For low-risk biotherapeutics such as human monoclonal antibodies, ADA data that provide clinically relevant information should be prioritized when establishing immunogenicity monitoring plans.
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Liang S, Zhang C. Prediction of immunogenicity for humanized and full human therapeutic antibodies. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0238150. [PMID: 32866159 PMCID: PMC7458303 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunogenicity is an important concern for therapeutic antibodies during drug development. By analyzing co-crystal structures of idiotypic antibodies and their antibodies, we found that anti-idiotypic antibodies usually bind the Complementarity Determining Regions (CDR) of idiotypic antibodies. Sequence and structural features were identified for distinguishing immunogenic antibodies from non-immunogenic antibodies. For example, non-immunogenic antibodies have a significantly larger cavity volume at the CDR region and a more hydrophobic CDR-H3 loop than immunogenic antibodies. Antibodies containing no Gly at the turn of CDR-H2 loop are often immunogenic. We integrated these features together with a machine learning platform to Predict Immunogenicity for humanized and full human THerapeutic Antibodies (PITHA). This method achieved an accuracy of 83% in leave-one-out experiment for 29 therapeutic antibodies with available crystal structures. The accuracy decreased to 65% for 23 test antibodies with modeled structures, because their crystal structures were not available, and the prediction was made with modeled structures. The server of this method is accessible at http://mabmedicine.com/PITHA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shide Liang
- Department of Research and Development, Bio-Thera Solutions, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (SL); (CZ)
| | - Chi Zhang
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SL); (CZ)
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Pereira Bresolin IRA, Lingg N, Bresolin ITL, Jungbauer A. Hydrophobic interaction chromatography as polishing step enables obtaining ultra-pure recombinant antibodies. J Biotechnol 2020; 324S:100020. [PMID: 34154739 DOI: 10.1016/j.btecx.2020.100020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Hydrophobic interaction chromatography is a versatile method to polish antibodies. Here, we present a polishing procedure in order to obtain an ultra-pure preparation of antitumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha IgG1. Hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) was used with Toyopearl® Phenyl 650M adsorbent in the presence of ammonium sulfate. Adsorption isotherms, breakthrough curves and chromatographic runs were carried out. The eluted antibody was recovered with 99.9 % purity and 96.2 % yield. In the main peak, aggregates, host cell proteins (HCP) and DNA content were below the limit of detection of the analytical methods used. Thus, the method proposed here shows potential to be employed in a downstream process when an ultra-pure antibody preparation is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iara Rocha Antunes Pereira Bresolin
- Chemical Engineering Department, Federal University of São Paulo, Diadema, SP, Brazil; Institute of Bioprocess Science and Engineering, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nico Lingg
- Institute of Bioprocess Science and Engineering, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria; Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (ACIB), Vienna, Austria
| | - Igor Tadeu Lazzarotto Bresolin
- Chemical Engineering Department, Federal University of São Paulo, Diadema, SP, Brazil; Institute of Bioprocess Science and Engineering, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alois Jungbauer
- Institute of Bioprocess Science and Engineering, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria; Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (ACIB), Vienna, Austria.
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Lucas PL, Mathieu-Rivet E, Song PCT, Oltmanns A, Loutelier-Bourhis C, Plasson C, Afonso C, Hippler M, Lerouge P, Mati-Baouche N, Bardor M. Multiple xylosyltransferases heterogeneously xylosylate protein N-linked glycans in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 102:230-245. [PMID: 31777161 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, little information is available regarding the N-glycosylation pathway in the green microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Recent investigation demonstrated that C. reinhardtii synthesizes linear oligomannosides. Maturation of these oligomannosides results in N-glycans that are partially methylated and carry one or two xylose residues. One xylose residue was demonstrated to be a core β(1,2)-xylose. Recently, N-glycoproteomic analysis performed on glycoproteins secreted by C. reinhardtii demonstrated that the xylosyltransferase A (XTA) was responsible for the addition of the core β(1,2)-xylose. Furthermore, another xylosyltransferase candidate named XTB was suggested to be involved in the xylosylation in C. reinhardtii. In the present study, we focus especially on the characterization of the structures of the xylosylated N-glycans from C. reinhardtii taking advantage of insertional mutants of XTA and XTB, and of the XTA/XTB double-mutant. The combination of mass spectrometry approaches allowed us to identify the major N-glycan structures bearing one or two xylose residues. They confirm that XTA is responsible for the addition of the core β(1,2)-xylose, whereas XTB is involved in the addition of the xylose residue onto the linear branch of the N-glycan as well as in the partial addition of the core β(1,2)-xylose suggesting that this transferase exhibits a low substrate specificity. Analysis of the double-mutant suggests that an additional xylosyltransferase is involved in the xylosylation process in C. reinhardtii. Additional putative candidates have been identified in the C. reinhardtii genome. Altogether, these results pave the way for a better understanding of the C. reinhardtii N-glycosylation pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Louis Lucas
- Laboratoire Glyco-MEV EA4358, Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Rouen, France
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, SFR NORVEGE, Rouen, France
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Rouen, France
| | - Elodie Mathieu-Rivet
- Laboratoire Glyco-MEV EA4358, Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Rouen, France
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, SFR NORVEGE, Rouen, France
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Rouen, France
| | - Philippe C T Song
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Rouen, France
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Plate-Forme de Protéomique PISSARO, Rouen, France
| | - Anne Oltmanns
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Carole Plasson
- Laboratoire Glyco-MEV EA4358, Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Rouen, France
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, SFR NORVEGE, Rouen, France
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Rouen, France
| | - Carlos Afonso
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, COBRA, Rouen, France
| | - Michael Hippler
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
| | - Patrice Lerouge
- Laboratoire Glyco-MEV EA4358, Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Rouen, France
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, SFR NORVEGE, Rouen, France
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Rouen, France
| | - Narimane Mati-Baouche
- Laboratoire Glyco-MEV EA4358, Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Rouen, France
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, SFR NORVEGE, Rouen, France
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Rouen, France
| | - Muriel Bardor
- Laboratoire Glyco-MEV EA4358, Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Rouen, France
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, SFR NORVEGE, Rouen, France
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Rouen, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France
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Weng Z, Jin J, Shao C, Li H. Reduction of charge variants by CHO cell culture process optimization. Cytotechnology 2020; 72:259-269. [PMID: 32236800 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-020-00375-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, global interest in the development of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) has risen rapidly. As therapeutic agents, antibodies have shown marked efficacy in combatting a range of cancers and immune diseases with high target specificity and low toxicity (Carla Lucia et al. in PLoS ONE 6:e24071, 2011; Donaghy in MAbs 8:659-671, 2016; Nasiri et al. in J Cell Physiol 9:6441-6457, 2018; Teo et al. in Cancer Immunol Immunother 61:2295-2309, 2012). Recent advances in cell culture technology, such as high-throughput clone screening, have facilitated antibody production at concentrations exceeding 10 g/L (Chen et al. in BMC Immunol 19:35, 2018; Huang et al. in Biotechnol Prog 26:1400-1410, 2010; Lu et al. in Biotechnol Bioeng 110:191-205, 2013; Singh et al. in Biotechnol Bioeng 113:698-716, 2016). As titers have improved, the industry has begun to focus on the adjustment of target antibody quality profiles to improve efficacy. Cell lines, culture media, and culture conditions impact protein quality (Van Beers and Bardor in Biotechnol J 7:1473-1484, 2012). Optimization of critical quality attributes (CQAs), such as charge variants, can be achieved through bioprocess development and is the preferred approach as changes to the cell line or growth media used is considered unfavorable by regulatory bodies (Gawlitzek et al. in Biotechnol Bioeng 103:1164-1175, 2009; Jordan et al. in Cytotechnology 65:31-40, 2013; Pan et al. in Cytotechnology 69:39-56, 2016). In this study, the effect of process control and ion supplementation on charge variants of mAbs produced by Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells was investigated. Results of this study demonstrated that the concentration of Zn2+, duration of culturing, and temperature affect charge variants of a given mAb. Under the optimum conditions of 3L bioreactors, the most significant was that Zn2 + and temperature shift could further improve the quality of antibody. The main peak increased by 12%, and the acid peak decreased by 16%. At the same time, there was no significant loss of titer. This study provided supporting evidence for methods to improve charge variants arising during mAb production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibing Weng
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,Process Science and Production Department, Sunshine GuoJian Pharmaceutical (Shanghai), Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Jin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - ChunHua Shao
- Process Science and Production Department, Sunshine GuoJian Pharmaceutical (Shanghai), Shanghai, China
| | - Huazhong Li
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
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Zeng Y, Huang J, Cui C, Yang S, Zhang ZY, Ali S, Huang ZJ, Yang GP. QL0902, a proposed etanercept biosimilar: pharmacokinetic and immunogenicity profile to its reference product in healthy Chinese male subjects. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2020; 21:105-110. [PMID: 32200659 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2020.1745182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: To study the pharmacokinetics, safety and immunogenicity of Recombinant Human Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Receptor II: IgG Fc Fusion Protein for Injection (QL0902) and evaluate the pharmacokinetic similarity between QL0902 and reference Etanercept in healthy male subjects. Methods: A randomized, double-blinded, single-dose, two-period, two-sequence and crossover study was conducted in healthy males. Sixty-eight subjects were randomized at 1:1 ratio to receive a single 50-mg subcutaneous injection of QL0902 or reference Etanercept. The statistical analysis was conducted by SAS Enterprise Guide statistical software. Results: The main pharmacokinetic parameters of QL0902 were as follows: AUC0-∞ was 461861.60 ± 126861.42 (h*ng/mL), AUC0-t was 453304.68 ± 124424.94 (h*ng/mL), Cmax was (2634.03 ± 833.82)ng/mL; The main pharmacokinetic parameters of reference Etanercept were as follows: AUC0-∞ was 537977.72 ± 153295.70 (h*ng/mL), AUC0-t was 528817.19 ± 150910.05 (h*ng/mL), Cmax was (2874.21 ± 822.31) ng/mL. Conclusions: After a single subcutaneous injection of QL0902 and reference Etanercept, the 90% confidence intervals of the ratios of AUC0-∞, AUC0-t, Cmax of healthy subjects were respectively 82.76% to 89.15%, 82.66% to 89.00%, 87.30% to 93.95%, which were between 80.00% and 125.00%. It indicts that their pharmacokinetic characteristics were similar. No serious adverse events occurred and the immunogenicity of QL0902 was lower. Trial Registration: The trial is registered at www.chictr.org.cn (ChiCTR1900023 437).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zeng
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jie Huang
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha, Hunan, China.,Research Center of Drug Clinical Evaluation, Central South University , Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chang Cui
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shuang Yang
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ze-Yu Zhang
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Saqib Ali
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhi-Jun Huang
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha, Hunan, China.,Department of Pharmacy, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Guo-Ping Yang
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha, Hunan, China.,Research Center of Drug Clinical Evaluation, Central South University , Changsha, Hunan, China.,Department of Pharmacy, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha, Hunan, China
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Barolo L, Abbriano RM, Commault AS, George J, Kahlke T, Fabris M, Padula MP, Lopez A, Ralph PJ, Pernice M. Perspectives for Glyco-Engineering of Recombinant Biopharmaceuticals from Microalgae. Cells 2020; 9:E633. [PMID: 32151094 PMCID: PMC7140410 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Microalgae exhibit great potential for recombinant therapeutic protein production, due to lower production costs, immunity to human pathogens, and advanced genetic toolkits. However, a fundamental aspect to consider for recombinant biopharmaceutical production is the presence of correct post-translational modifications. Multiple recent studies focusing on glycosylation in microalgae have revealed unique species-specific patterns absent in humans. Glycosylation is particularly important for protein function and is directly responsible for recombinant biopharmaceutical immunogenicity. Therefore, it is necessary to fully characterise this key feature in microalgae before these organisms can be established as industrially relevant microbial biofactories. Here, we review the work done to date on production of recombinant biopharmaceuticals in microalgae, experimental and computational evidence for N- and O-glycosylation in diverse microalgal groups, established approaches for glyco-engineering, and perspectives for their application in microalgal systems. The insights from this review may be applied to future glyco-engineering attempts to humanize recombinant therapeutic proteins and to potentially obtain cheaper, fully functional biopharmaceuticals from microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Barolo
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway Campus, Ultimo NSW 2007, Sydney, Australia; (R.M.A.); (A.S.C.); (J.G.); (T.K.); (M.F.); (P.J.R.)
| | - Raffaela M. Abbriano
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway Campus, Ultimo NSW 2007, Sydney, Australia; (R.M.A.); (A.S.C.); (J.G.); (T.K.); (M.F.); (P.J.R.)
| | - Audrey S. Commault
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway Campus, Ultimo NSW 2007, Sydney, Australia; (R.M.A.); (A.S.C.); (J.G.); (T.K.); (M.F.); (P.J.R.)
| | - Jestin George
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway Campus, Ultimo NSW 2007, Sydney, Australia; (R.M.A.); (A.S.C.); (J.G.); (T.K.); (M.F.); (P.J.R.)
| | - Tim Kahlke
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway Campus, Ultimo NSW 2007, Sydney, Australia; (R.M.A.); (A.S.C.); (J.G.); (T.K.); (M.F.); (P.J.R.)
| | - Michele Fabris
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway Campus, Ultimo NSW 2007, Sydney, Australia; (R.M.A.); (A.S.C.); (J.G.); (T.K.); (M.F.); (P.J.R.)
- CSIRO Synthetic Biology Future Science Platform, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Matthew P. Padula
- School of Life Sciences and Proteomics Core Facility, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo NSW 2007, Sydney, Australia;
| | - Angelo Lopez
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK;
| | - Peter J. Ralph
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway Campus, Ultimo NSW 2007, Sydney, Australia; (R.M.A.); (A.S.C.); (J.G.); (T.K.); (M.F.); (P.J.R.)
| | - Mathieu Pernice
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway Campus, Ultimo NSW 2007, Sydney, Australia; (R.M.A.); (A.S.C.); (J.G.); (T.K.); (M.F.); (P.J.R.)
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Chen TY, Cheng WJ, Horng JC, Hsu HY. Artificial peptide-controlled protein release of Zn2+-triggered, self-assembled histidine-tagged protein microparticle. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 187:110644. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.110644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Mathieu-Rivet E, Mati-Baouche N, Walet-Balieu ML, Lerouge P, Bardor M. N- and O-Glycosylation Pathways in the Microalgae Polyphyletic Group. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:609993. [PMID: 33391324 PMCID: PMC7773692 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.609993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The term microalga refers to various unicellular and photosynthetic organisms representing a polyphyletic group. It gathers numerous species, which can be found in cyanobacteria (i.e., Arthrospira) as well as in distinct eukaryotic groups, such as Chlorophytes (i.e., Chlamydomonas or Chlorella) and Heterokonts (i.e., diatoms). This phylogenetic diversity results in an extraordinary variety of metabolic pathways, offering large possibilities for the production of natural compounds like pigments or lipids that can explain the ever-growing interest of industrials for these organisms since the middle of the last century. More recently, several species have received particular attention as biofactories for the production of recombinant proteins. Indeed, microalgae are easy to grow, safe and cheap making them attractive alternatives as heterologous expression systems. In this last scope of applications, the glycosylation capacity of these organisms must be considered as this post-translational modification of proteins impacts their structural and biological features. Although these mechanisms are well known in various Eukaryotes like mammals, plants or insects, only a few studies have been undertaken for the investigation of the protein glycosylation in microalgae. Recently, significant progresses have been made especially regarding protein N-glycosylation, while O-glycosylation remain poorly known. This review aims at summarizing the recent data in order to assess the state-of-the art knowledge in glycosylation processing in microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Patrice Lerouge
- UNIROUEN, Laboratoire Glyco-MEV EA4358, Normandie Université, Rouen, France
| | - Muriel Bardor
- UNIROUEN, Laboratoire Glyco-MEV EA4358, Normandie Université, Rouen, France
- Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle (UGSF), UMR 8576, CNRS, Université de Lille, Lille, France
- *Correspondence: Muriel Bardor,
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Dantas RC, Caetano LF, Torres ALS, Alves MS, Silva ETMF, Teixeira LPR, Teixeira DC, de Azevedo Moreira R, Fonseca MHG, Gaudêncio Neto S, Martins LT, Furtado GP, Tavares KCS. Expression of a recombinant bacterial L-asparaginase in human cells. BMC Res Notes 2019; 12:794. [PMID: 31806048 PMCID: PMC6896745 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-019-4836-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective l-Asparaginase (ASNase) is an enzyme used in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). As the therapeutic ASNases has bacterial origin, severe side effects are associated with its use, among them hypersensitivity and inactivation of the enzyme. In this context, the objective of this work was to produce a recombinant ASNase of bacterial origin in human cells in order to determine the presence and consequences of potential post-translational modifications on the enzyme. Results Recombinant ASNase was expressed in human cells with a molecular weight of 60 kDa, larger than in Escherichia coli, which is 35 kDa. N-glycosylation analysis demonstrated that the increased molecular weight resulted from the addition of glycans to the protein by mammalian cells. The glycosylated ASNase presented in vitro activity at physiological pH and temperature. Given that glycosylation can act to reduce antigenicity by masking protein epitopes, our data may contribute to the development of an alternative ASNase in the treatment of ALL in patients who demonstrate side effects to currently marketed enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Caminha Dantas
- Experimental Biology Center (NUBEX), University of Fortaleza (UNIFOR), Fortaleza, Brazil
| | | | | | - Matheus Soares Alves
- Experimental Biology Center (NUBEX), University of Fortaleza (UNIFOR), Fortaleza, Brazil
| | | | | | - Daniel Câmara Teixeira
- Experimental Biology Center (NUBEX), University of Fortaleza (UNIFOR), Fortaleza, Brazil
| | | | | | - Saul Gaudêncio Neto
- Experimental Biology Center (NUBEX), University of Fortaleza (UNIFOR), Fortaleza, Brazil
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Varkhede N, Peters BH, Wei Y, Middaugh CR, Schöneich C, Forrest ML. Effect of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles on the Oxidation and Secondary Structure of Growth Hormone. J Pharm Sci 2019; 108:3372-3381. [PMID: 31216451 PMCID: PMC6759409 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2019.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Oxidation of therapeutic proteins (TPs) can lead to changes in their pharmacokinetics, biological activity and immunogenicity. Metal impurities such as iron are known to increase oxidation of TPs, but nanoparticulate metals have unique physical and chemical properties compared to the bulk material or free metal ions. Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) may originate from equipment used in the manufacturing of TPs or from needles during injection. In this study, the impact of IONPs on oxidation of a model protein, rat growth hormone (rGH), was investigated under chemical stress. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)- and 2,2'-azobis (2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride oxidized methionine residues of rGH, but unexpectedly, oxidation was suppressed in the presence of IONPs compared to a phosphate buffer control. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy indicated splitting of the α-helical absorbance band in the presence of IONPs, whereas circular dichroism spectra showed a reduced α-helical contribution with increasing temperature for both rGH and rGH-IONP mixtures. The results collectively indicate that IONPs can increase the chemical stability of rGH by altering the kinetics and preference of amino acid residues that are oxidized, although the changes in protein secondary structure by IONPs may lead to alterations of physical stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ninad Varkhede
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047
| | - Björn-Hendrik Peters
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047
| | - Yangjie Wei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047
| | - C Russell Middaugh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047
| | - Christian Schöneich
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047
| | - M Laird Forrest
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047.
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Impact of mammalian cell culture conditions on monoclonal antibody charge heterogeneity: an accessory monitoring tool for process development. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 46:1167-1178. [PMID: 31175523 PMCID: PMC6697719 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-019-02202-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Recombinant monoclonal antibodies are predominantly produced in mammalian cell culture bioprocesses. Post-translational modifications affect the micro-heterogeneity of the product and thereby influence important quality attributes, such as stability, solubility, pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics. The analysis of the surface charge distribution of monoclonal antibodies provides aggregated information about these modifications. In this work, we established a direct injection pH gradient cation exchange chromatography method, which determines charge heterogeneity from cell culture supernatant without any purification steps. This tool was further applied to monitor processes that were performed under certain process conditions. Concretely, we were able to provide insights into charge variant formation during a fed-batch process of a Chinese hamster ovary cell culture, in turn producing a monoclonal antibody under varying temperatures and glucose feed strategies. Glucose concentration impacted the total emergence of acidic variants, whereas the variation of basic species was mainly dependent on process temperature. The formation rates of acidic species were described with a second-order reaction, where a temperature increase favored the conversion. This platform method will aid as a sophisticated optimization tool for mammalian cell culture processes. It provides a quality fingerprint for the produced mAb, which can be tested, compared to the desired target and confirmed early in the process chain.
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Evans AR, Capaldi MT, Goparaju G, Colter D, Shi FF, Aubert S, Li LC, Mo J, Lewis MJ, Hu P, Alfonso P, Mehndiratta P. Using bispecific antibodies in forced degradation studies to analyze the structure-function relationships of symmetrically and asymmetrically modified antibodies. MAbs 2019; 11:1101-1112. [PMID: 31161859 PMCID: PMC6748611 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2019.1618675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Forced degradation experiments of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) aid in the identification of critical quality attributes (CQAs) by studying the impact of post-translational modifications (PTMs), such as oxidation, deamidation, glycation, and isomerization, on biological functions. Structure-function characterization of mAbs can be used to identify the PTM CQAs and develop appropriate analytical and process controls. However, the interpretation of forced degradation results can be complicated because samples may contain mixtures of asymmetrically and symmetrically modified mAbs with one or two modified chains. We present a process to selectively create symmetrically and asymmetrically modified antibodies for structure-function characterization using the bispecific DuoBody® platform. Parental molecules mAb1 and mAb2 were first stressed with peracetic acid to induce methionine oxidation. Bispecific antibodies were then prepared from a mixture of oxidized or unoxidized parental mAbs by a controlled Fab-arm exchange process. This process was used to systematically prepare four bispecific mAb products: symmetrically unoxidized, symmetrically oxidized, and both combinations of asymmetrically oxidized bispecific mAbs. Results of this study demonstrated chain-independent, 1:2 stoichiometric binding of the mAb Fc region to both FcRn receptor and to Protein A. The approach was also applied to create asymmetrically deamidated mAbs at the asparagine 330 residue. Results of this study support the proposed 1:1 stoichiometric binding relationship between the FcγRIIIa receptor and the mAb Fc. This approach should be generally applicable to study the potential impact of any modification on biological function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam R Evans
- a Discovery and Manufacturing Sciences, Janssen Research and Development, LLC , Malvern , PA , USA
| | - Michael T Capaldi
- a Discovery and Manufacturing Sciences, Janssen Research and Development, LLC , Malvern , PA , USA
| | - Geetha Goparaju
- a Discovery and Manufacturing Sciences, Janssen Research and Development, LLC , Malvern , PA , USA
| | - David Colter
- a Discovery and Manufacturing Sciences, Janssen Research and Development, LLC , Malvern , PA , USA
| | - Frank F Shi
- a Discovery and Manufacturing Sciences, Janssen Research and Development, LLC , Malvern , PA , USA
| | - Sarah Aubert
- a Discovery and Manufacturing Sciences, Janssen Research and Development, LLC , Malvern , PA , USA
| | - Lian-Chao Li
- a Discovery and Manufacturing Sciences, Janssen Research and Development, LLC , Malvern , PA , USA
| | - Jingjie Mo
- a Discovery and Manufacturing Sciences, Janssen Research and Development, LLC , Malvern , PA , USA
| | - Michael J Lewis
- a Discovery and Manufacturing Sciences, Janssen Research and Development, LLC , Malvern , PA , USA
| | - Ping Hu
- a Discovery and Manufacturing Sciences, Janssen Research and Development, LLC , Malvern , PA , USA
| | - Pedro Alfonso
- a Discovery and Manufacturing Sciences, Janssen Research and Development, LLC , Malvern , PA , USA
| | - Promod Mehndiratta
- a Discovery and Manufacturing Sciences, Janssen Research and Development, LLC , Malvern , PA , USA.,b Analytical Development, Biologics Research and Development, Celgene Corporation , Summit , NJ , USA
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Zhang P, Burel C, Plasson C, Kiefer-Meyer MC, Ovide C, Gügi B, Wan C, Teo G, Mak A, Song Z, Driouich A, Lerouge P, Bardor M. Characterization of a GDP-Fucose Transporter and a Fucosyltransferase Involved in the Fucosylation of Glycoproteins in the Diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:610. [PMID: 31164895 PMCID: PMC6536626 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Although Phaeodactylum tricornutum is gaining importance in plant molecular farming for the production of high-value molecules such as monoclonal antibodies, little is currently known about key cell metabolism occurring in this diatom such as protein glycosylation. For example, incorporation of fucose residues in the glycans N-linked to protein in P. tricornutum is questionable. Indeed, such epitope has previously been found on N-glycans of endogenous glycoproteins in P. tricornutum. Meanwhile, the potential immunogenicity of the α(1,3)-fucose epitope present on plant-derived biopharmaceuticals is still a matter of debate. In this paper, we have studied molecular actors potentially involved in the fucosylation of the glycoproteins in P. tricornutum. Based on sequence similarities, we have identified a putative P. tricornutum GDP-L-fucose transporter and three fucosyltransferase (FuT) candidates. The putative P. tricornutum GDP-L-fucose transporter coding sequence was expressed in the Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO)-gmt5 mutant lacking its endogenous GDP-L-fucose transporter activity. We show that the P. tricornutum transporter is able to rescue the fucosylation of proteins in this CHO-gmt5 mutant cell line, thus demonstrating the functional activity of the diatom transporter and its appropriate Golgi localization. In addition, we overexpressed one of the three FuT candidates, namely the FuT54599, in P. tricornutum and investigated its localization within Golgi stacks of the diatom. Our findings show that overexpression of the FuT54599 leads to a significant increase of the α(1,3)-fucosylation of the diatom endogenous glycoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiqing Zhang
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Carole Burel
- Laboratoire Glyco-MEV EA4358, UNIROUEN, Normandy University, Rouen, France
- Fédération de Recherche Normandie-Végétal – FED 4277, Rouen, France
| | - Carole Plasson
- Laboratoire Glyco-MEV EA4358, UNIROUEN, Normandy University, Rouen, France
- Fédération de Recherche Normandie-Végétal – FED 4277, Rouen, France
| | - Marie-Christine Kiefer-Meyer
- Laboratoire Glyco-MEV EA4358, UNIROUEN, Normandy University, Rouen, France
- Fédération de Recherche Normandie-Végétal – FED 4277, Rouen, France
| | - Clément Ovide
- Laboratoire Glyco-MEV EA4358, UNIROUEN, Normandy University, Rouen, France
- Fédération de Recherche Normandie-Végétal – FED 4277, Rouen, France
| | - Bruno Gügi
- Laboratoire Glyco-MEV EA4358, UNIROUEN, Normandy University, Rouen, France
- Fédération de Recherche Normandie-Végétal – FED 4277, Rouen, France
| | - Corrine Wan
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gavin Teo
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Amelia Mak
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhiwei Song
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Azeddine Driouich
- Laboratoire Glyco-MEV EA4358, UNIROUEN, Normandy University, Rouen, France
- Fédération de Recherche Normandie-Végétal – FED 4277, Rouen, France
| | - Patrice Lerouge
- Laboratoire Glyco-MEV EA4358, UNIROUEN, Normandy University, Rouen, France
- Fédération de Recherche Normandie-Végétal – FED 4277, Rouen, France
| | - Muriel Bardor
- Laboratoire Glyco-MEV EA4358, UNIROUEN, Normandy University, Rouen, France
- Fédération de Recherche Normandie-Végétal – FED 4277, Rouen, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (I.U.F.), Paris, France
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Shukla AA, Rameez S, Wolfe LS, Oien N. High-Throughput Process Development for Biopharmaceuticals. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 165:401-441. [PMID: 29134461 DOI: 10.1007/10_2017_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The ability to conduct multiple experiments in parallel significantly reduces the time that it takes to develop a manufacturing process for a biopharmaceutical. This is particularly significant before clinical entry, because process development and manufacturing are on the "critical path" for a drug candidate to enter clinical development. High-throughput process development (HTPD) methodologies can be similarly impactful during late-stage development, both for developing the final commercial process as well as for process characterization and scale-down validation activities that form a key component of the licensure filing package. This review examines the current state of the art for HTPD methodologies as they apply to cell culture, downstream purification, and analytical techniques. In addition, we provide a vision of how HTPD activities across all of these spaces can integrate to create a rapid process development engine that can accelerate biopharmaceutical drug development. Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhinav A Shukla
- Process Development and Manufacturing, KBI Biopharma Inc., 2 Triangle Drive, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, 27709, USA.
| | - Shahid Rameez
- Process Development and Manufacturing, KBI Biopharma Inc., 2 Triangle Drive, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Leslie S Wolfe
- Process Development and Manufacturing, KBI Biopharma Inc., 2 Triangle Drive, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Nathan Oien
- Process Development and Manufacturing, KBI Biopharma Inc., 2 Triangle Drive, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, 27709, USA
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Kshirsagar R, Ryll T. Innovation in Cell Banking, Expansion, and Production Culture. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 165:51-74. [PMID: 29637222 DOI: 10.1007/10_2016_56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cell culture-based production processes enable the development and commercial supply of recombinant protein products. Such processes consist of the following elements: thaw and initiation of culture, seed expansion, and production culture. A robust cell source storage system in the form of a cell bank is developed and cells are thawed to initiate the cell culture process. Seed culture expansion generates sufficient cell mass to initiate the production culture. The production culture provides an environment where the cells can synthesize the product and is optimized to deliver the highest possible product concentration with acceptable product quality. This chapter describes the significant innovations made in these process elements and the resulting improvements in the overall efficiency, robustness, and safety of the processes and products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Kshirsagar
- Technical Development, Biogen, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Thomas Ryll
- Technical Operations, ImmunoGen, Inc., 830 Winter Street, Waltham, MA, 02451, USA.
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