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Coelho LL, Vianna MM, da Silva DM, Gonzaga BMDS, Ferreira RR, Monteiro AC, Bonomo AC, Manso PPDA, de Carvalho MA, Vargas FR, Garzoni LR. Spheroid Model of Mammary Tumor Cells: Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Doxorubicin Response. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:463. [PMID: 39056658 PMCID: PMC11273983 DOI: 10.3390/biology13070463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer among women worldwide. Therapeutic strategies to control tumors and metastasis are still challenging. Three-dimensional (3D) spheroid-type systems more accurately replicate the features of tumors in vivo, working as a better platform for performing therapeutic response analysis. This work aimed to characterize the epithelial-mesenchymal transition and doxorubicin (dox) response in a mammary tumor spheroid (MTS) model. We evaluated the doxorubicin treatment effect on MCF-7 spheroid diameter, cell viability, death, migration and proteins involved in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process. Spheroids were also produced from tumors formed from 4T1 and 67NR cell lines. MTSs mimicked avascular tumor characteristics, exhibited adherens junction proteins and independently produced their own extracellular matrix. Our spheroid model supports the 3D culturing of cells isolated from mice mammary tumors. Through the migration assay, we verified a reduction in E-cadherin expression and an increase in vimentin expression as the cells became more distant from spheroids. Dox promoted cytotoxicity in MTSs and inhibited cell migration and the EMT process. These results suggest, for the first time, that this model reproduces aspects of the EMT process and describes the potential of dox in inhibiting the metastatic process, which can be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Lacerda Coelho
- Laboratory of Innovations in Therapies, Education and Bioproducts, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (IOC), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (L.L.C.); (M.M.V.); (D.M.d.S.); (B.M.d.S.G.); (R.R.F.)
| | - Matheus Menezes Vianna
- Laboratory of Innovations in Therapies, Education and Bioproducts, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (IOC), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (L.L.C.); (M.M.V.); (D.M.d.S.); (B.M.d.S.G.); (R.R.F.)
| | - Debora Moraes da Silva
- Laboratory of Innovations in Therapies, Education and Bioproducts, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (IOC), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (L.L.C.); (M.M.V.); (D.M.d.S.); (B.M.d.S.G.); (R.R.F.)
| | - Beatriz Matheus de Souza Gonzaga
- Laboratory of Innovations in Therapies, Education and Bioproducts, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (IOC), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (L.L.C.); (M.M.V.); (D.M.d.S.); (B.M.d.S.G.); (R.R.F.)
| | - Roberto Rodrigues Ferreira
- Laboratory of Innovations in Therapies, Education and Bioproducts, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (IOC), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (L.L.C.); (M.M.V.); (D.M.d.S.); (B.M.d.S.G.); (R.R.F.)
| | - Ana Carolina Monteiro
- Laboratory of Osteo and Tumor Immunology, Department of Immunobiology, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Rio de Janeiro 24020-150, Brazil;
- Thymus Research Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (IOC), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil;
| | - Adriana Cesar Bonomo
- Thymus Research Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (IOC), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil;
| | - Pedro Paulo de Abreu Manso
- Laboratory of Pathology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (IOC), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil;
| | | | - Fernando Regla Vargas
- Laboratory of Epidemiology of Congenital Malformations, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (IOC), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil;
| | - Luciana Ribeiro Garzoni
- Laboratory of Innovations in Therapies, Education and Bioproducts, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (IOC), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (L.L.C.); (M.M.V.); (D.M.d.S.); (B.M.d.S.G.); (R.R.F.)
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Mansouri M, Lamichhane A, Das D, Aucejo F, Tavana H, Leipzig ND. Comparison of Engineered Liver 3D Models and the Role of Oxygenation for Patient-Derived Tumor Cells and Immortalized Cell Lines Cocultured with Tumor Stroma in the Detection of Hepatotoxins. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2024; 8:e2300386. [PMID: 37845003 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
In metabolically active tumors, responses of cells to drugs are heavily influenced by oxygen availability via the surrounding vasculature alongside the extracellular matrix signaling. The objective of this study is to investigate hepatotoxicity by replicating critical features of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This includes replicating 3D structures, metabolic activities, and tumor-specific markers. The internal environment of spheroids comprised of cancerous human patient-derived hepatocytes using microparticles is modulated to enhance the oxygenation state and recreate cell-extracellular matrix interactions. Furthermore, the role of hepatic stellate cells in maintaining hepatocyte survival and function is explored and hepatocytes from two cellular sources (immortalized and patient-derived) to create four formulations with and without microparticles are utilized. To investigate drug-induced changes in metabolism and apoptosis in liver cells, coculture spheroids with and without microparticles are exposed to three hepatotoxic drugs. The use of microparticles increases levels of apoptotic markers in both liver models under drug treatments. This coincides with reduced levels of anti-apoptotic proteins and increased levels of pro-apoptotic proteins. Moreover, cells from different origins undergo apoptosis through distinct apoptotic pathways in response to identical drugs. This 3D microphysiological system offers a viable tool for liver cancer research to investigate mechanisms of apoptosis under different microenvironmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Mansouri
- Department of Chemical, Biomolecular, and Corrosion Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, 44325, USA
| | - Astha Lamichhane
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, 44325, USA
| | - Dola Das
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Federico Aucejo
- Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Hossein Tavana
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, 44325, USA
| | - Nic D Leipzig
- Department of Chemical, Biomolecular, and Corrosion Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, 44325, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, 44325, USA
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Niederreiter M, Klein J, Arndt K, Werner J, Mayer B. Anti-Cancer Effects of Artesunate in Human 3D Tumor Models of Different Complexity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097844. [PMID: 37175551 PMCID: PMC10178545 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The anti-malaria drug Artesunate (ART) shows strong anti-cancer effects in vitro; however, it shows only marginal treatment results in clinical cancer studies. In this study, ART was tested in preclinical 3D cancer models of increasing complexity using clinically relevant peak plasma concentrations to obtain further information for translation into clinical use. ART reduced cell viability in HCT-116 and HT-29 derived cancer spheroids (p < 0.001). HCT-116 spheroids responded dose-dependently, while HT-29 spheroids were affected more strongly by ART than by cytostatics (p < 0.001). HCT-116 spheroids were chemo-sensitized by ART (p < 0.001). In patient-derived cancer spheroids (PDCS), ART led to inhibition of cell viability in 84.62% of the 39 samples tested, with a mean inhibitory effect of 13.87%. Viability reduction of ART was 2-fold weaker than cytostatic monotherapies (p = 0.028). Meanwhile, tumor-stimulation of up to 16.30% was observed in six (15.38%) PDCS-models. In 15 PDCS samples, ART modulated chemotherapies in combined testing, eight of which showed chemo-stimulation (maximum of 36.90%) and seven chemo-inhibition (up to 16.95%). These results demonstrate that ART's anti-cancer efficacy depends on the complexity of the tumor model used. This emphasizes that cancer treatment with ART should be evaluated before treatment of the individual patient to ensure its benefits and prevent unwanted effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlene Niederreiter
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Klein
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Kerstin Arndt
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Jens Werner
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Pettenkoferstraße 8a, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Barbara Mayer
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Pettenkoferstraße 8a, 80336 Munich, Germany
- SpheroTec GmbH, Am Klopferspitz 19, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
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Doffe F, Bonini F, Lakis E, Terry S, Chouaib S, Savagner P. Designing Organoid Models to Monitor Cancer Progression, Plasticity and Resistance: The Right Set Up for the Right Question. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14153559. [PMID: 35892818 PMCID: PMC9330027 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14153559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent trend in 3D cell modeling has fostered the emergence of a wide range of models, addressing very distinct goals ranging from the fundamental exploration of cell–cell interactions to preclinical assays for personalized medicine. It is clear that no single model will recapitulate the complexity and dynamics of in vivo situations. The key is to define the critical points, achieve a specific goal and design a model where they can be validated. In this report, we focused on cancer progression. We describe our model which is designed to emulate breast carcinoma progression during the invasive phase. We chose to provide topological clues to the target cells by growing them on microsupports, favoring a polarized epithelial organization before they are embedded in a 3D matrix. We then watched for cell organization and differentiation for these models, adding stroma cells then immune cells to follow and quantify cell responses to drug treatment, including quantifying cell death and viability, as well as morphogenic and invasive properties. We used model cell lines including Comma Dβ, MCF7 and MCF10A mammary epithelial cells as well as primary breast cancer cells from patient-derived xenografts (PDX). We found that fibroblasts impacted cell response to Docetaxel and Palbociclib. We also found that NK92 immune cells could target breast cancer cells within the 3D configuration, providing quantitative monitoring of cell cytotoxicity. We also tested several sources for the extracellular matrix and selected a hyaluronan-based matrix as a promising alternative to mouse tumor basement membrane extracts for primary human cancer cells. Overall, we validated a new 3D model designed for breast cancer for preclinical use in personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flora Doffe
- INSERM UMR 1186, Integrative Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Gustave Roussy, Faculty of Medicine, University Paris-Saclay, 94805 Villejuif, France; (F.D.); (S.T.); (S.C.)
| | - Fabien Bonini
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland;
| | | | - Stéphane Terry
- INSERM UMR 1186, Integrative Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Gustave Roussy, Faculty of Medicine, University Paris-Saclay, 94805 Villejuif, France; (F.D.); (S.T.); (S.C.)
| | - Salem Chouaib
- INSERM UMR 1186, Integrative Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Gustave Roussy, Faculty of Medicine, University Paris-Saclay, 94805 Villejuif, France; (F.D.); (S.T.); (S.C.)
- Thumbay Research Institute for Precision Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman 4184, United Arab Emirates
| | - Pierre Savagner
- INSERM UMR 1186, Integrative Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Gustave Roussy, Faculty of Medicine, University Paris-Saclay, 94805 Villejuif, France; (F.D.); (S.T.); (S.C.)
- Correspondence:
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Doffe F, Fuoco L, Michels J, Jernström S, Tomasi R, Savagner P. Evaluating immune response in vitro in a relevant microenvironment: a high-throughput microfluidic model for clinical screening. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2022; 3:853-865. [PMID: 36654822 PMCID: PMC9834268 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2022.00117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Functional screening of new pharmaceutical compounds requires clinically relevant models to monitor essential cellular and immune responses during cancer progression, with or without treatment. Beyond survival, the emergence of resistant tumor cell clones should also be considered, including specific properties related to plasticity, such as invasiveness, stemness, escape from programmed cell death, and immune response. Numerous pathways are involved in these processes. Defining the relevant ones in the context of a specific tumor type will be key to designing an appropriate combination of inhibitors. However, the diversity and potential redundancy of these pathways remain a challenge for therapy. Methods A new microfluidic device developed by Okomera was dedicated to the screening of drug treatment for breast cancer. This microchip includes 150 droplet-trapping microwells, offering multi-chip settings and multiple treatment choices. Results After validating the system with established cell lines and a panel of drugs used clinically at Gustave Roussy, preclinical experiments were initiated including patient-derived xenograft (PDX) and primary tumor cells-derived tumoroids with the collaboration of Gustave Roussy clinicians. Tumor-isolated lymphocytes were also added to the tumoroids, using secondary droplets in proof-of-concept experiments. Conclusions These results show the relevance of the methodology for screening large numbers of drugs, a wide range of doses, and multiple drug combinations. This methodology will be used for two purposes: 1) new drug screening from the compound library, using the high throughput potential of the chip; and 2) pre-clinical assay for a two-weeks response for personalized medicine, allowing evaluation of drug combinations to flag an optimized treatment with potential clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flora Doffe
- INSERM U1186, Integrative Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Gustave Roussy, Faculty of Medicine, University Paris-Saclay, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Layla Fuoco
- Okomera, iPEPS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Medical center, 47 Hôpital Blvd, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Judith Michels
- Oncological Medecine Department, Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Sandra Jernström
- Okomera, iPEPS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Medical center, 47 Hôpital Blvd, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Raphael Tomasi
- Okomera, iPEPS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Medical center, 47 Hôpital Blvd, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Pierre Savagner
- INSERM U1186, Integrative Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Gustave Roussy, Faculty of Medicine, University Paris-Saclay, 94805 Villejuif, France,Correspondence: Pierre Savagner, INSERM U1186, Integrative Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Gustave Roussy, Faculty of Medicine, University Paris-Saclay, 94805 Villejuif, France.
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6
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Application of LDH assay for therapeutic efficacy evaluation of ex vivo tumor models. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18571. [PMID: 34535719 PMCID: PMC8448883 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97894-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The current standard preclinical oncology models are not able to fully recapitulate therapeutic targets and clinically relevant disease biology, evidenced by the 90% attrition rate of new therapies in clinical trials. Three-dimensional (3D) culture systems have the potential to enhance the relevance of preclinical models. However, the limitations of currently available cellular assays to accurately evaluate therapeutic efficacy in these models are hindering their widespread adoption. We assessed the compatibility of the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay in 3D spheroid cultures against other commercially available readout methods. We developed a standardized protocol to apply the LDH assay to ex vivo cultures, considering the impact of culture growth dynamics. We show that accounting for growth rates and background release levels of LDH are sufficient to make the LDH assay a suitable methodology for longitudinal monitoring and endpoint assessment of therapeutic efficacy in both cell line-derived xenografts (xenospheres) and patient-derived explant cultures. This method has the added value of being non-destructive and not dependent on reagent penetration or manipulation of the parent material. The establishment of reliable readout methods for complex 3D culture systems will further the utility of these tumor models in preclinical and co-clinical drug development studies.
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Zietek T, Boomgaarden WAD, Rath E. Drug Screening, Oral Bioavailability and Regulatory Aspects: A Need for Human Organoids. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1280. [PMID: 34452240 PMCID: PMC8399541 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13081280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium critically contributes to oral bioavailability of drugs by constituting an important site for drug absorption and metabolism. In particular, intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) actively serve as gatekeepers of drug and nutrient availability. IECs' transport processes and metabolism are interrelated to the whole-body metabolic state and represent potential points of origin as well as therapeutic targets for a variety of diseases. Human intestinal organoids represent a superior model of the intestinal epithelium, overcoming limitations of currently used in vitro models. Caco-2 cells or rodent explant models face drawbacks such as their cancer and non-human origin, respectively, but are commonly used to study intestinal nutrient absorption, enterocyte metabolism and oral drug bioavailability, despite poorly correlative data. In contrast, intestinal organoids allow investigating distinct aspects of bioavailability including spatial resolution of transport, inter-individual differences and high-throughput screenings. As several countries have already developed strategic roadmaps to phase out animal experiments for regulatory purposes, intestinal organoid culture and organ-on-a-chip technology in combination with in silico approaches are roads to go in the preclinical and regulatory setup and will aid implementing the 3Rs (reduction, refinement and replacement) principle in basic science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Zietek
- Doctors against Animal Experiments, 51143 Köln, Germany
| | | | - Eva Rath
- Chair of Nutrition and Immunology, Technische Universität München, 85354 Freising, Germany
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Ulukaya E, Karakas D, Dimas K. Tumor Chemosensitivity Assays Are Helpful for Personalized Cytotoxic Treatments in Cancer Patients. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2021; 57:636. [PMID: 34205407 PMCID: PMC8234301 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57060636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Tumor chemosensitivity assays (TCAs), also known as drug response assays or individualized tumor response tests, have been gaining attention over the past few decades. Although there have been strong positive correlations between the results of these assays and clinical outcomes, they are still not considered routine tests in the care of cancer patients. The correlations between the assays' results (drug sensitivity or resistance) and the clinical evaluations (e.g., response to treatment, progression-free survival) are highly promising. However, there is still a need to design randomized controlled prospective studies to secure the place of these assays in routine use. One of the best ideas to increase the value of these assays could be the combination of the assay results with the omics technologies (e.g., pharmacogenetics that gives an idea of the possible side effects of the drugs). In the near future, the importance of personalized chemotherapy is expected to dictate the use of these omics technologies. The omics relies on the macromolecules (Deoxyribonucleic acid -DNA-, ribonucleic acid -RNA-) and proteins (meaning the structure) while TCAs operate on living cell populations (meaning the function). Therefore, wise combinations of TCAs and omics could be a highly promising novel landscape in the modern care of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Engin Ulukaya
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Istinye University, Istanbul 34010, Turkey
| | - Didem Karakas
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science and Letters, Istinye University, Istanbul 34010, Turkey;
| | - Konstantinos Dimas
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece;
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Dhamecha D, Le D, Chakravarty T, Perera K, Dutta A, Menon JU. Fabrication of PNIPAm-based thermoresponsive hydrogel microwell arrays for tumor spheroid formation. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 125:112100. [PMID: 33965110 PMCID: PMC8110948 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Complex three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures are being increasingly implemented in biomedical research as they provide important insights into complex cancer biology, and cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions in the tumor microenvironment. However, most methods used today for 3D cell culture are limited by high cost, the need for specialized skills, low throughput and the use of unnatural culture environments. We report the development of a unique biomimetic hydrogel microwell array platform for the generation and stress-free isolation of cancer spheroids. The poly N-isopropylacrylamide-based hydrogel microwell array (PHMA) has thermoresponsive properties allowing for the attachment and growth of cell aggregates/ spheroids at 37 °C, and their easy isolation at room temperature (RT). The reversible phase transition of the microwell arrays at 35 °C was confirmed visually and by differential scanning calorimetry. Swelling/ shrinking studies and EVOS imaging established that the microwell arrays are hydrophilic and swollen at temperatures <35 °C, while they shrink and are hydrophobic at temperatures >35 °C. Spheroid development within the PHMA was optimized for seeding density, incubation time and cell viability. Spheroids of A549, HeLa and MG-63 cancer cell lines, and human lung fibroblast (HLF) cell line generated within the PHMAs had relatively spherical morphology with hypoxic cores. Finally, using MG-63 cell spheroids as representative models, a proof-of-concept drug response study using doxorubicin hydrochloride was conducted. Overall, we demonstrate that the PHMAs are an innovative alternative to currently used 3D cell culture techniques, for the high-throughput generation of cell spheroids for disease modeling and drug screening applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Dhamecha
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Duong Le
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Tomali Chakravarty
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Kalindu Perera
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Arnob Dutta
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Jyothi U Menon
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA.
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10
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Sánchez-Salazar MG, Álvarez MM, Trujillo-de Santiago G. Advances in 3D bioprinting for the biofabrication of tumor models. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bprint.2020.e00120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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11
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Petersen EV, Chudakova DA, Skorova EY, Anikin V, Reshetov IV, Mynbaev OA. The Extracellular Matrix-Derived Biomarkers for Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Personalized Therapy of Malignant Tumors. Front Oncol 2020; 10:575569. [PMID: 33425730 PMCID: PMC7793707 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.575569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor biomarkers already have proven clinical value and have become an integral part in cancer management and modern translational oncology. The tumor tissue microenvironment (TME), which includes extracellular matrix (ECM), signaling molecules, immune and stromal cells, and adjacent non-tumorous tissue, contributes to cancer pathogenesis. Thus, TME-derived biomarkers have many clinical applications. This review is predominately based on the most recent publications (manuscripts published in a last 5 years, or seminal publications published earlier) and fills a gap in the current literature on the cancer biomarkers derived from the TME, with particular attention given to the ECM and products of its processing and degradation, ECM-associated extracellular vesicles (EVs), biomechanical characteristics of ECM, and ECM-derived biomarkers predicting response to the immunotherapy. We discuss the clinical utility of the TME-incorporating three-dimensional in vitro and ex vivo cell culture models for personalized therapy. We conclude that ECM is a critical driver of malignancies and ECM-derived biomarkers should be included in diagnostics and prognostics panels of markers in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena V. Petersen
- Department of Molecular and Bio Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Daria A. Chudakova
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ekaterina Yu. Skorova
- Department of Molecular and Bio Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Vladimir Anikin
- Harefield Hospital, The Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Harefield, United Kingdom
- Department of Oncology and Reconstructive Surgery, Sechenov Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor V. Reshetov
- Department of Molecular and Bio Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
- Department of Oncology and Reconstructive Surgery, Sechenov Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ospan A. Mynbaev
- Department of Molecular and Bio Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
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12
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Deep sequencing and automated histochemistry of human tissue slice cultures improve their usability as preclinical model for cancer research. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19961. [PMID: 31882946 PMCID: PMC6934722 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56509-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer research requires models closely resembling the tumor in the patient. Human tissue cultures can overcome interspecies limitations of animal models or the loss of tissue architecture in in vitro models. However, analysis of tissue slices is often limited to histology. Here, we demonstrate that slices are also suitable for whole transcriptome sequencing and present a method for automated histochemistry of whole slices. Tumor and peritumoral tissue from a patient with glioblastoma was processed to slice cultures, which were treated with standard therapy including temozolomide and X-irradiation. Then, RNA sequencing and automated histochemistry were performed. RNA sequencing was successfully accomplished with a sequencing depth of 243 to 368 x 106 reads per sample. Comparing tumor and peritumoral tissue, we identified 1888 genes significantly downregulated and 2382 genes upregulated in tumor. Treatment significantly downregulated 2017 genes, whereas 1399 genes were upregulated. Pathway analysis revealed changes in the expression profile of treated glioblastoma tissue pointing towards downregulated proliferation. This was confirmed by automated analysis of whole tissue slices stained for Ki67. In conclusion, we demonstrate that RNA sequencing of tissue slices is possible and that histochemical analysis of whole tissue slices can be automated which increases the usability of this preclinical model.
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13
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Ham J, Lever L, Fox M, Reagan MR. In Vitro 3D Cultures to Reproduce the Bone Marrow Niche. JBMR Plus 2019; 3:e10228. [PMID: 31687654 PMCID: PMC6820578 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past century, the study of biological processes in the human body has progressed from tissue culture on glass plates to complex 3D models of tissues, organs, and body systems. These dynamic 3D systems have allowed for more accurate recapitulation of human physiology and pathology, which has yielded a platform for disease study with a greater capacity to understand pathophysiology and to assess pharmaceutical treatments. Specifically, by increasing the accuracy with which the microenvironments of disease processes are modeled, the clinical manifestation of disease has been more accurately reproduced in vitro. The application of these models is crucial in all realms of medicine, but they find particular utility in diseases related to the complex bone marrow niche. Osteoblast, osteoclasts, bone marrow adipocytes, mesenchymal stem cells, and red and white blood cells represent some of cells that call the bone marrow microenvironment home. During states of malignant marrow disease, neoplastic cells migrate to and join this niche. These cancer cells both exploit and alter the niche to their benefit and to the patient's detriment. Malignant disease of the bone marrow, both primary and secondary, is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality today. Innovative study methods are necessary to improve patient outcomes. In this review, we discuss the evolution of 3D models and compare them to the preceding 2D models. With a specific focus on malignant bone marrow disease, we examine 3D models currently in use, their observed efficacy, and their potential in developing improved treatments and eventual cures. Finally, we comment on the aspects of 3D models that must be critically examined as systems continue to be optimized so that they can exert greater clinical impact in the future. © 2019 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Ham
- Center for Molecular MedicineMaine Medical Center Research InstituteScarboroughMEUSA,University of New EnglandBiddefordMEUSA
| | - Lauren Lever
- Center for Molecular MedicineMaine Medical Center Research InstituteScarboroughMEUSA,University of New EnglandBiddefordMEUSA
| | - Maura Fox
- University of New EnglandBiddefordMEUSA
| | - Michaela R Reagan
- Center for Molecular MedicineMaine Medical Center Research InstituteScarboroughMEUSA,University of Maine Graduate School of Biomedical Science and EngineeringOronoMEUSA,Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical SciencesTufts UniversityBostonMAUSA
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14
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Bray LJ, Hutmacher DW, Bock N. Addressing Patient Specificity in the Engineering of Tumor Models. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:217. [PMID: 31572718 PMCID: PMC6751285 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer treatment is challenged by the heterogeneous nature of cancer, where prognosis depends on tumor type and disease stage, as well as previous treatments. Optimal patient stratification is critical for the development and validation of effective treatments, yet pre-clinical model systems are lacking in the delivery of effective individualized platforms that reflect distinct patient-specific clinical situations. Advances in cancer cell biology, biofabrication, and microengineering technologies have led to the development of more complex in vitro three-dimensional (3D) models to act as drug testing platforms and to elucidate novel cancer mechanisms. Mostly, these strategies have enabled researchers to account for the tumor microenvironment context including tumor-stroma interactions, a key factor of heterogeneity that affects both progression and therapeutic resistance. This is aided by state-of-the-art biomaterials and tissue engineering technologies, coupled with reproducible and high-throughput platforms that enable modeling of relevant physical and chemical factors. Yet, the translation of these models and technologies has been impaired by neglecting to incorporate patient-derived cells or tissues, and largely focusing on immortalized cell lines instead, contributing to drug failure rates. While this is a necessary step to establish and validate new models, a paradigm shift is needed to enable the systematic inclusion of patient-derived materials in the design and use of such models. In this review, we first present an overview of the components responsible for heterogeneity in different tumor microenvironments. Next, we introduce the state-of-the-art of current in vitro 3D cancer models employing patient-derived materials in traditional scaffold-free approaches, followed by novel bioengineered scaffold-based approaches, and further supported by dynamic systems such as bioreactors, microfluidics, and tumor-on-a-chip devices. We critically discuss the challenges and clinical prospects of models that have succeeded in providing clinical relevance and impact, and present emerging concepts of novel cancer model systems that are addressing patient specificity, the next frontier to be tackled by the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J. Bray
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Science and Engineering Faculty, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Centre in Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Dietmar W. Hutmacher
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Science and Engineering Faculty, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Centre in Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre (APCRC-Q), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Industrial Transformation Training Centre in Additive Biomanufacturing, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
| | - Nathalie Bock
- Centre in Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre (APCRC-Q), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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15
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16
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Tridimensional Retinoblastoma Cultures as Vitreous Seeds Models for Live-Cell Imaging of Chemotherapy Penetration. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20051077. [PMID: 30832308 PMCID: PMC6429414 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A preclinical model could aid in understanding retinoblastoma vitreous seeds behavior, drug penetration, and response to chemotherapy to optimize patient treatment. Our aim was to develop a tridimensional in vitro model of retinoblastoma vitreous seeds to assess chemotherapy penetration by means of live-cell imaging. Cell cultures from patients with retinoblastoma who underwent upfront enucleation were established and thoroughly characterized for authentication of human tumor origin. The correlation of the in vitro tridimensional structures resembling human spheres and dusts vitreous seeds was established. Confocal microscopy was used to quantify real-time fluorescence of topotecan as a measure of its penetration into different sizes of spheres. Cell viability was determined after chemotherapy penetration. The in vitro spheres and dusts models were able to recapitulate the morphology, phenotype, and genotype of patient vitreous seeds. The larger the size of the spheres, the longer the time required for the drug to fully penetrate into the core (p < 0.05). Importantly, topotecan penetration correlated with its cytotoxic activity. Therefore, the studied tridimensional cell model recapitulated several characteristics of vitreous seeds observed in patients with retinoblastoma and were successfully used to assess live-cell imaging of chemotherapy penetration for drug distribution studies.
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17
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Phan N, Hong JJ, Tofig B, Mapua M, Elashoff D, Moatamed NA, Huang J, Memarzadeh S, Damoiseaux R, Soragni A. A simple high-throughput approach identifies actionable drug sensitivities in patient-derived tumor organoids. Commun Biol 2019; 2:78. [PMID: 30820473 PMCID: PMC6389967 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-019-0305-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor organoids maintain cell-cell interactions, heterogeneity, microenvironment, and drug response of the sample they originate from. Thus, there is increasing interest in developing tumor organoid models for drug development and personalized medicine applications. Although organoids are in principle amenable to high-throughput screenings, progress has been hampered by technical constraints and extensive manipulations required by current methods. Here we introduce a miniaturized method that uses a simplified geometry by seeding cells around the rim of the wells (mini-rings). This allows high-throughput screenings in a format compatible with automation as shown using four patient-derived tumor organoids established from two ovarian and one peritoneal high-grade serous carcinomas and one carcinosarcoma of the ovary. Using our automated screening platform, we identified personalized responses by measuring viability, number, and size of organoids after exposure to 240 kinase inhibitors. Results are available within a week from surgery, a timeline compatible with therapeutic decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nhan Phan
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Research and Application, University of Science, Vietnam National University, HCM City, Vietnam
| | - Jenny J Hong
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Bobby Tofig
- Molecular Screening Shared Resource, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Matthew Mapua
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - David Elashoff
- Department of Biostatistics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Neda A Moatamed
- Department of Pathology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Jin Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Sanaz Memarzadeh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- The VA Greater Los Angeles Health Care System, Los Angeles, CA, 90073, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Robert Damoiseaux
- Molecular Screening Shared Resource, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Molecular and Medicinal Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Alice Soragni
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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18
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Afewerki S, Sheikhi A, Kannan S, Ahadian S, Khademhosseini A. Gelatin-polysaccharide composite scaffolds for 3D cell culture and tissue engineering: Towards natural therapeutics. Bioeng Transl Med 2019; 4:96-115. [PMID: 30680322 PMCID: PMC6336672 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gelatin is a promising material as scaffold with therapeutic and regenerative characteristics due to its chemical similarities to the extracellular matrix (ECM) in the native tissues, biocompatibility, biodegradability, low antigenicity, cost-effectiveness, abundance, and accessible functional groups that allow facile chemical modifications with other biomaterials or biomolecules. Despite the advantages of gelatin, poor mechanical properties, sensitivity to enzymatic degradation, high viscosity, and reduced solubility in concentrated aqueous media have limited its applications and encouraged the development of gelatin-based composite hydrogels. The drawbacks of gelatin may be surmounted by synergistically combining it with a wide range of polysaccharides. The addition of polysaccharides to gelatin is advantageous in mimicking the ECM, which largely contains proteoglycans or glycoproteins. Moreover, gelatin-polysaccharide biomaterials benefit from mechanical resilience, high stability, low thermal expansion, improved hydrophilicity, biocompatibility, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties, and wound healing potential. Here, we discuss how combining gelatin and polysaccharides provides a promising approach for developing superior therapeutic biomaterials. We review gelatin-polysaccharides scaffolds and their applications in cell culture and tissue engineering, providing an outlook for the future of this family of biomaterials as advanced natural therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samson Afewerki
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Dept. of MedicineBrigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolCambridgeMA 02142
- Harvard‐MIT Division of Health Sciences and TechnologyMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA 02139
| | - Amir Sheikhi
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Dept. of MedicineBrigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolCambridgeMA 02142
- Harvard‐MIT Division of Health Sciences and TechnologyMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA 02139
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C‐MIT)University of California‐Los AngelesLos AngelesCA 90095
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI)University of California‐Los AngelesLos AngelesCA 90095
- Dept. of BioengineeringUniversity of California‐Los AngelesLos AngelesCA 90095
| | - Soundarapandian Kannan
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Dept. of MedicineBrigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolCambridgeMA 02142
- Harvard‐MIT Division of Health Sciences and TechnologyMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA 02139
- Nanomedicine Division, Dept. of ZoologyPeriyar UniversitySalemTamil NaduIndia
| | - Samad Ahadian
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C‐MIT)University of California‐Los AngelesLos AngelesCA 90095
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI)University of California‐Los AngelesLos AngelesCA 90095
- Dept. of BioengineeringUniversity of California‐Los AngelesLos AngelesCA 90095
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Dept. of MedicineBrigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolCambridgeMA 02142
- Harvard‐MIT Division of Health Sciences and TechnologyMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA 02139
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C‐MIT)University of California‐Los AngelesLos AngelesCA 90095
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI)University of California‐Los AngelesLos AngelesCA 90095
- Dept. of BioengineeringUniversity of California‐Los AngelesLos AngelesCA 90095
- Dept. of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of California‐Los AngelesLos AngelesCA 90095
- Dept. of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringUniversity of California‐Los AngelesLos AngelesCA 90095
- Dept. of Bioindustrial Technologies, College of Animal Bioscience and TechnologyKonkuk UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
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19
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Hamilton G, Rath B. Applicability of tumor spheroids for in vitro chemosensitivity assays. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2018; 15:15-23. [DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2019.1554055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Hamilton
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Rath
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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20
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Drug screening of biopsy-derived spheroids using a self-generated microfluidic concentration gradient. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14672. [PMID: 30279484 PMCID: PMC6168499 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33055-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Performing drug screening of tissue derived from cancer patient biopsies using physiologically relevant 3D tumour models presents challenges due to the limited amount of available cell material. Here, we present a microfluidic platform that enables drug screening of cancer cell-enriched multicellular spheroids derived from tumour biopsies, allowing extensive anticancer compound screening prior to treatment. This technology was validated using cell lines and then used to screen primary human prostate cancer cells, grown in 3D as a heterogeneous culture from biopsy-derived tissue. The technology enabled the formation of repeatable drug concentration gradients across an array of spheroids without external fluid actuation, delivering simultaneously a range of drug concentrations to multiple sized spheroids, as well as replicates for each concentration. As proof-of-concept screening, spheroids were generated from two patient biopsies and a panel of standard-of-care compounds for prostate cancer were tested. Brightfield and fluorescence images were analysed to provide readouts of spheroid growth and health, as well as drug efficacy over time. Overall, this technology could prove a useful tool for personalised medicine and future drug development, with the potential to provide cost- and time-reduction in the healthcare delivery.
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21
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Puls TJ, Tan X, Husain M, Whittington CF, Fishel ML, Voytik-Harbin SL. Development of a Novel 3D Tumor-tissue Invasion Model for High-throughput, High-content Phenotypic Drug Screening. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13039. [PMID: 30158688 PMCID: PMC6115445 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31138-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
While much progress has been made in the war on cancer, highly invasive cancers such as pancreatic cancer remain difficult to treat and anti-cancer clinical trial success rates remain low. One shortcoming of the drug development process that underlies these problems is the lack of predictive, pathophysiologically relevant preclinical models of invasive tumor phenotypes. While present-day 3D spheroid invasion models more accurately recreate tumor invasion than traditional 2D models, their shortcomings include poor reproducibility and inability to interface with automated, high-throughput systems. To address this gap, a novel 3D tumor-tissue invasion model which supports rapid, reproducible setup and user-definition of tumor and surrounding tissue compartments was developed. High-cell density tumor compartments were created using a custom-designed fabrication system and standardized oligomeric type I collagen to define and modulate ECM physical properties. Pancreatic cancer cell lines used within this model showed expected differential invasive phenotypes. Low-passage, patient-derived pancreatic cancer cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts were used to increase model pathophysiologic relevance, yielding fibroblast-mediated tumor invasion and matrix alignment. Additionally, a proof-of-concept multiplex drug screening assay was applied to highlight this model's ability to interface with automated imaging systems and showcase its potential as a predictive tool for high-throughput, high-content drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J Puls
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Xiaohong Tan
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Mahera Husain
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Catherine F Whittington
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Department of Oncology, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, 46285, USA
| | - Melissa L Fishel
- Department of Pediatrics, Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Pancreatic Cancer Signature Center, Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Sherry L Voytik-Harbin
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
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22
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Implementing liquid biopsies into clinical decision making for cancer immunotherapy. Oncotarget 2018; 8:48507-48520. [PMID: 28501851 PMCID: PMC5564665 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
During the last decade, novel immunotherapeutic strategies, in particular antibodies directed against immune checkpoint inhibitors, have revolutionized the treatment of different malignancies leading to an improved survival of patients. Identification of immune-related biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, monitoring of immune responses and selection of patients for specific cancer immunotherapies is urgently required and therefore areas of intensive research. Easily accessible samples in particular liquid biopsies (body fluids), such as blood, saliva or urine, are preferred for serial tumor biopsies. Although monitoring of immune and tumor responses prior, during and post immunotherapy has led to significant advances of patients’ outcome, valid and stable prognostic biomarkers are still missing. This might be due to the limited capacity of the technologies employed, reproducibility of results as well as assay stability and validation of results. Therefore solid approaches to assess immune regulation and modulation as well as to follow up the nature of the tumor in liquid biopsies are urgently required to discover valuable and relevant biomarkers including sample preparation, timing of the collection and the type of liquid samples. This article summarizes our knowledge of the well-known liquid material in a new context as liquid biopsy and focuses on collection and assay requirements for the analysis and the technical developments that allow the implementation of different high-throughput assays to detect alterations at the genetic and immunologic level, which could be used for monitoring treatment efficiency, acquired therapy resistance mechanisms and the prognostic value of the liquid biopsies.
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23
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Haviari S, You B, Tod M. In Silico Evaluation of Pharmacokinetic Optimization for Antimitogram-Based Clinical Trials. Cancer Res 2018; 78:1873-1882. [PMID: 29317432 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-1710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Antimitograms are prototype in vitro tests for evaluating chemotherapeutic efficacy using patient-derived primary cancer cells. These tests might help optimize treatment from a pharmacodynamic standpoint by guiding treatment selection. However, they are technically challenging and require refinements and trials to demonstrate benefit to be widely used. In this study, we performed simulations aimed at exploring how to validate antimitograms and how to complement them by pharmacokinetic optimization. A generic model of advanced cancer, including pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic monitoring, was used to link dosing schedules with progression-free survival (PFS), as built from previously validated modules. This model was used to explore different possible situations in terms of pharmacokinetic variability, pharmacodynamic variability, and antimitogram performance. The model recapitulated tumor dynamics and standalone therapeutic drug monitoring efficacy consistent with published clinical results. Simulations showed that combining pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic optimization should increase PFS in a synergistic fashion. Simulated data were then used to compute required clinical trial sizes, which were 30% to 90% smaller when pharmacokinetic optimization was added to pharmacodynamic optimization. This improvement was observed even when pharmacokinetic optimization alone exhibited only modest benefit. Overall, our work illustrates the synergy derived from combining antimitograms with therapeutic drug monitoring, permitting a disproportionate reduction of the trial size required to prove a benefit on PFS. Accordingly, we suggest that strategies with benefits too small for standalone clinical trials could be validated in combination in a similar manner.Significance: This work offers a method to reduce the number of patients needed for a clinical trial to prove the hypothesized benefit of a drug to progression-free survival, possibly easing opportunities to evaluate combinations. Cancer Res; 78(7); 1873-82. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Skerdi Haviari
- EA3738 CTO, Faculté de Médecine Lyon-Sud, Université Lyon 1, Oullins, France.
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Benoît You
- EA3738 CTO, Faculté de Médecine Lyon-Sud, Université Lyon 1, Oullins, France
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- Service d'Oncologie Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Michel Tod
- EA3738 CTO, Faculté de Médecine Lyon-Sud, Université Lyon 1, Oullins, France.
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- Pharmacie, Hôpital de la Croix Rousse, Hospices civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
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Rodenhizer D, Dean T, D'Arcangelo E, McGuigan AP. The Current Landscape of 3D In Vitro Tumor Models: What Cancer Hallmarks Are Accessible for Drug Discovery? Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7:e1701174. [PMID: 29350495 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201701174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cancer prognosis remains a lottery dependent on cancer type, disease stage at diagnosis, and personal genetics. While investment in research is at an all-time high, new drugs are more likely to fail in clinical trials today than in the 1970s. In this review, a summary of current survival statistics in North America is provided, followed by an overview of the modern drug discovery process, classes of models used throughout different stages, and challenges associated with drug development efficiency are highlighted. Then, an overview of the cancer hallmarks that drive clinical progression is provided, and the range of available clinical therapies within the context of these hallmarks is categorized. Specifically, it is found that historically, the development of therapies is limited to a subset of possible targets. This provides evidence for the opportunities offered by novel disease-relevant in vitro models that enable identification of novel targets that facilitate interactions between the tumor cells and their surrounding microenvironment. Next, an overview of the models currently reported in literature is provided, and the cancer biology they have been used to explore is highlighted. Finally, four priority areas are suggested for the field to accelerate adoption of in vitro tumour models for cancer drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren Rodenhizer
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied ChemistryUniversity of Toronto 200 College Street Toronto M5S 3E5 Canada
| | - Teresa Dean
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Toronto 200 College Street Toronto M5S 3E5 Canada
| | - Elisa D'Arcangelo
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Toronto 200 College Street Toronto M5S 3E5 Canada
| | - Alison P. McGuigan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry & Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Toronto 200 College Street Toronto M5S 3E5 Canada
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25
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Qiao H, Tang T. Engineering 3D approaches to model the dynamic microenvironments of cancer bone metastasis. Bone Res 2018; 6:3. [PMID: 29507817 PMCID: PMC5826951 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-018-0008-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer metastasis to bone is a three-dimensional (3D), multistep, dynamic process that requires the sequential involvement of three microenvironments, namely, the primary tumour microenvironment, the circulation microenvironment and the bone microenvironment. Engineered 3D approaches allow for a vivid recapitulation of in vivo cancerous microenvironments in vitro, in which the biological behaviours of cancer cells can be assessed under different metastatic conditions. Therefore, modelling bone metastasis microenvironments with 3D cultures is imperative for advancing cancer research and anti-cancer treatment strategies. In this review, multicellular tumour spheroids and bioreactors, tissue engineering constructs and scaffolds, microfluidic systems and 3D bioprinting technology are discussed to explore the progression of the 3D engineering approaches used to model the three microenvironments of bone metastasis. We aim to provide new insights into cancer biology and advance the translation of new therapies for bone metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Qiao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011 China
| | - Tingting Tang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011 China
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26
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De Luca A, Raimondi L, Salamanna F, Carina V, Costa V, Bellavia D, Alessandro R, Fini M, Giavaresi G. Relevance of 3d culture systems to study osteosarcoma environment. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2018; 37:2. [PMID: 29304852 PMCID: PMC5756329 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-017-0663-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary malignant tumor of bone, which preferentially develops lung metastasis. Although standard chemotherapy has significantly improved long-term survival over the past few decades, the outcome for patients with metastatic or recurrent OS remains dramatically poor. Novel therapies are therefore required to slow progression and eradicate the disease. Furthermore, to better understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible for OS onset and progression, the development of novel predictive culture systems resembling the native three-dimensional (3D) tumor microenvironment are mandatory. ‘Tumor engineering’ approaches radically changed the previous scenario, through the development of advanced and alternative 3D cell culture in vitro models able to tightly mimic the in vivo tumor microenvironment. In this review, we will summarize the state of the art in this novel area, illustrating the different methods and techniques employed to realize 3D OS cell culture models and we report the achieved results, which highlight the efficacy of these models in reproducing the tumor milieu. Although data need to be further validated, the scientific studies reviewed here are certainly promising and give new insights into the clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela De Luca
- IRCCS Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna, Italy. .,IRCCS Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Innovative Technologic Platform for Tissue Engineering, Theranostics and Oncology, Via Divisi, 83, 90133, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Lavinia Raimondi
- IRCCS Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna, Italy.,IRCCS Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Innovative Technologic Platform for Tissue Engineering, Theranostics and Oncology, Via Divisi, 83, 90133, Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Valeria Carina
- IRCCS Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna, Italy.,IRCCS Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Innovative Technologic Platform for Tissue Engineering, Theranostics and Oncology, Via Divisi, 83, 90133, Palermo, Italy
| | - Viviana Costa
- IRCCS Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna, Italy.,IRCCS Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Innovative Technologic Platform for Tissue Engineering, Theranostics and Oncology, Via Divisi, 83, 90133, Palermo, Italy
| | - Daniele Bellavia
- IRCCS Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna, Italy.,IRCCS Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Innovative Technologic Platform for Tissue Engineering, Theranostics and Oncology, Via Divisi, 83, 90133, Palermo, Italy
| | - Riccardo Alessandro
- Biology and Genetics Unit, Department of Biopathology and Medical Biotechnology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology (IBIM), National Research Council, Palermo, Italy
| | - Milena Fini
- IRCCS Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Laboratory BITTA, Bologna, Italy.,IRCCS Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gianluca Giavaresi
- IRCCS Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Innovative Technologic Platform for Tissue Engineering, Theranostics and Oncology, Via Divisi, 83, 90133, Palermo, Italy.,IRCCS Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, Bologna, Italy
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27
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Abstract
Gelfoam® histoculture was utilized to develop the histoculture drug response assay (HDRA) for head and neck cancer. Specimens of head and neck tumors were evaluated for sensitivity to the following drugs: cisplatinum (CDDP), 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), and the combination of CDDP and 5-FU. In the first clinical study at UCSD, 10 of 12 patients with tumors that were drug sensitive in Gelfoam® histoculture had either complete or partial response clinically. Comparisons of HDRA results, obtained with [3H]thymidine incorporation as the endpoint were made with clinical responses, i.e., complete response, partial response, or no response. The overall accuracy of the HDRA was 74% in this correlative clinical trial; the predictive positive value was 83%, the sensitivity was 71%, and the specificity was 78%. Seven of 11 patients with HDRA-resistant tumors demonstrated no response for a predictive negative value of 64%. In a subsequent study at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, tumor specimens from 41 to 42 patients undergoing treatment for head and neck cancer were successfully evaluated by the HDRA. The histocultured tumors were treated with 5-FU and/or CDDP and a control group received no drug treatment. After completion of drug treatment, the relative cell survival in the tumors was determined using the MTT endpoint. Sensitivity was defined as a tumor inhibition rate (IR) of greater than 30%. Survival comparisons were performed using the generalized Wilcoxon test for the comparison of Kaplan-Meier survival curves. Resistance to 5-FU was observed in 13 cases (32%), to CDDP in 13 cases (32%), and to both agents in 11 cases (27%). The 2-year cause-specific survival was significantly greater for patients sensitive to 5-FU than patients who were resistant (85% vs. 64%), CDDP (86% vs. 64%), or both agents (85% vs. 63%). These results demonstrate the clinical usefulness of the HDRA for head and neck cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Hoffman
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA.
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
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28
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Thomsen AR, Aldrian C, Bronsert P, Thomann Y, Nanko N, Melin N, Rücker G, Follo M, Grosu AL, Niedermann G, Layer PG, Heselich A, Lund PG. A deep conical agarose microwell array for adhesion independent three-dimensional cell culture and dynamic volume measurement. LAB ON A CHIP 2017; 18:179-189. [PMID: 29211089 DOI: 10.1039/c7lc00832e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Multicellular spheroids represent a well-established 3D model to study healthy and diseased cells in vitro. The use of conventional 3D cell culture platforms for the generation of multicellular spheroids is limited to cell types that easily self-assemble into spheroids because less adhesive cells fail to form stable aggregates. A high-precision micromoulding technique developed in our laboratory produces deep conical agarose microwell arrays that allow the cultivation of uniform multicellular aggregates, irrespective of the spheroid formation capacity of the cells. Such hydrogel arrays warrant a steady nutrient supply for several weeks, permit live volumetric measurements to monitor cell growth, enable immunohistochemical staining, fluorescence-based microscopy, and facilitate immediate harvesting of cell aggregates. This system also allows co-cultures of two distinct cell types either in direct cell-cell contact or at a distance as the hydrogel permits diffusion of soluble compounds. Notably, we show that co-culture of a breast cancer cell line with bone marrow stromal cells enhances 3D growth of the cancer cells in this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas R Thomsen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Germany.
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29
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Methods to Evaluate Cell Growth, Viability, and Response to Treatment in a Tissue Engineered Breast Cancer Model. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14167. [PMID: 29074857 PMCID: PMC5658356 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14326-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of in vitro, engineered surrogates in the field of cancer research is of interest for studies involving mechanisms of growth and metastasis, and response to therapeutic intervention. While biomimetic surrogates better model human disease, their complex composition and dimensionality make them challenging to evaluate in a real-time manner. This feature has hindered the broad implementation of these models, particularly in drug discovery. Herein, several methods and approaches for the real-time, non-invasive analysis of cell growth and response to treatment in tissue-engineered, three-dimensional models of breast cancer are presented. The tissue-engineered surrogates used to demonstrate these methods consist of breast cancer epithelial cells and fibroblasts within a three dimensional volume of extracellular matrix and are continuously perfused with nutrients via a bioreactor system. Growth of the surrogates over time was measured using optical in vivo (IVIS) imaging. Morphologic changes in specific cell populations were evaluated by multi-photon confocal microscopy. Response of the surrogates to treatment with paclitaxel was measured by optical imaging and by analysis of lactate dehydrogenase and caspase-cleaved cytokeratin 18 in the perfused medium. Each method described can be repeatedly performed during culture, allowing for real-time, longitudinal analysis of cell populations within engineered tumor models.
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Lhuissier E, Bazille C, Aury-Landas J, Girard N, Pontin J, Boittin M, Boumediene K, Baugé C. Identification of an easy to use 3D culture model to investigate invasion and anticancer drug response in chondrosarcomas. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:490. [PMID: 28720081 PMCID: PMC5516396 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3478-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cytotoxic efficacy of anticancer drugs has been widely studied with monolayer-cultured cancer cells. However, the efficacy of drugs under two-dimensional (2D) culture condition usually differs from that of three-dimensional (3D) one. In the present study, an in vitro tumor tissue model was constructed using alginate hydrogel, and in vitro cytotoxic efficacy of two anticancer drugs (cisplatin and DZNep) was investigated in chondrosarcomas, and compared to in vivo response. Methods Three cell lines derived from human chondrosarcomas, CH2879, JJ012 and SW1353, were embedded in alginate hydrogel. Proliferation and survival were assayed by ATP measurement using Cell Titer-Glo luminescent cell viability assay kit, and by counting viable cells in beads. Collagen and COMP expression was determined by RT-PCR. Invasion/migration was estimated by counting cells leaving alginate beads and adhering to culture dish. Then, chondrosarcoma response to cisplatin and DZNep was compared between cells cultured in monolayer or embedded in alginate, and using chondrosarcoma xenografts in nude mice. Results Chondrosarcomas survived at least for 8 weeks, after embedment in alginate. However, only CH2879 cells could proliferate. Also, this cell line is more invasive than SW1353 and JJ012, which was coherent with the grade of their respective primary tumors. Furthermore, the expression of type II collagen was higher in chondrosarcomas cultured in 3D than in 2D. Interestingly, this 3D culture system allows to validate the absence of response of chondrosarcomas to cisplatin, and to predict the efficiency of DZNep to reduce chondrosarcoma growth in vivo. Conclusions This study validates alginate beads as a relevant 3D model to study cancer biology and tumor responses to biological treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Lhuissier
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, EA7451 BioConnecT, 14032, Caen, France
| | - Céline Bazille
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, EA7451 BioConnecT, 14032, Caen, France.,Service d'Anatomie Pathologique, CHU de Caen, Caen, France
| | | | - Nicolas Girard
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, EA7451 BioConnecT, 14032, Caen, France
| | - Julien Pontin
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, EA7451 BioConnecT, 14032, Caen, France
| | - Martine Boittin
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, EA7451 BioConnecT, 14032, Caen, France
| | - Karim Boumediene
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, EA7451 BioConnecT, 14032, Caen, France
| | - Catherine Baugé
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, EA7451 BioConnecT, 14032, Caen, France.
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