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Jurado CA, Arndt K, Azpiazu-Flores FX, Faddoul F, França R, Fischer NG, Watanabe H. Evaluation of Glazing and Polishing Systems for Novel Chairside CAD/CAM Lithium Disilicate and Virgilite Crowns. Oper Dent 2023; 48:689-699. [PMID: 37881035 DOI: 10.2341/23-017-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of glazing, two zirconia, and two lithium disilicate polishing systems on surface roughness of a CAD/CAM lithium disilicate and virgilite ceramic with atomic force microscopy (AFM) and visual assessment performed by dental students and faculty. METHODS AND MATERIALS Sixty maxillary right central incisor crowns made of a novel chairside CAD/CAM lithium disilicate and virgilite (CEREC Tessera) were milled for glazing and polishing. The crowns were divided into six groups: no polishing/glazing provided (NoP/G); glazed (GZ); glazed and polished with Brasseler Dialite LD Lithium Disilicate (DiLD); glazed and polished with Meisinger Luster Lithium Disilicate (LuLD); glazed and polished with Brasseler Dialite ZR Zirconia (DiZR); and glazed and polished with Meisinger Luster Zirconia (LuZR). Surfaces were scanned with AFM to measure roughness (Ra) and root mean square roughness (Rq) and generate micrographs. Crowns were visually assessed by 10 dental students and 10 dental school faculty members to determine clinical acceptableness. RESULTS Glazing and all polishing kits significantly reduced Ra and Rq compared to no polishing/glazing. No significant Ra differences were found between glazing and all polishing kits (p>0.05). DiZR significantly reduced Rq compared to other groups (p<0.05). Visual assessment showed that GZ, LuLD, and DiZR were the most clinically acceptable crowns. CONCLUSION Polishing and glazing considerably improve the surface smoothness of maxillary central incisor crowns fabricated out of a chairside CAD/CAM lithium disilicate and virgilite ceramic. Altogether, zirconia polishing systems provided smoother and more clinically acceptable surfaces than the lithium disilicate kits.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Jurado
- Carlos A Jurado, DDS, MS, associate professor, Department of Prosthodontics, The University of Iowa College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - K Arndt
- Katlyn Arndt, BS, dental student, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, Woody L Hunt School of Dental Medicine, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | - F X Azpiazu-Flores
- Francisco X Azpiazu-Flores, DDS, MS, assistant professor, University of Manitoba, Gerald Niznick College of Dentistry, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; ITI Scholar at the Implant Center and Department of Prosthodontics, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - F Faddoul
- Fady Faddoul, DDS, MSD, associate dean, Clinical Affairs, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, Woody L Hunt School of Dental Medicine, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | - R França
- Rodrigo França, DDS, MS, PhD, associate professor, University of Manitoba, Gerald Niznick College of Dentistry, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - N G Fischer
- *Nicholas G Fischer, PhD, fellow, Minnesota Dental Research Center for Biomaterials and Biomechanics, University of Minnesota School of Dentistry, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - H Watanabe
- Hidehiko Watanabe, DDS, MS, professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Oregon Health and Sciences University School of Dentistry, Portland, Oregon, USA
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Niederreiter M, Klein J, Arndt K, Werner J, Mayer B. Anti-Cancer Effects of Artesunate in Human 3D Tumor Models of Different Complexity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097844. [PMID: 37175551 PMCID: PMC10178545 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The anti-malaria drug Artesunate (ART) shows strong anti-cancer effects in vitro; however, it shows only marginal treatment results in clinical cancer studies. In this study, ART was tested in preclinical 3D cancer models of increasing complexity using clinically relevant peak plasma concentrations to obtain further information for translation into clinical use. ART reduced cell viability in HCT-116 and HT-29 derived cancer spheroids (p < 0.001). HCT-116 spheroids responded dose-dependently, while HT-29 spheroids were affected more strongly by ART than by cytostatics (p < 0.001). HCT-116 spheroids were chemo-sensitized by ART (p < 0.001). In patient-derived cancer spheroids (PDCS), ART led to inhibition of cell viability in 84.62% of the 39 samples tested, with a mean inhibitory effect of 13.87%. Viability reduction of ART was 2-fold weaker than cytostatic monotherapies (p = 0.028). Meanwhile, tumor-stimulation of up to 16.30% was observed in six (15.38%) PDCS-models. In 15 PDCS samples, ART modulated chemotherapies in combined testing, eight of which showed chemo-stimulation (maximum of 36.90%) and seven chemo-inhibition (up to 16.95%). These results demonstrate that ART's anti-cancer efficacy depends on the complexity of the tumor model used. This emphasizes that cancer treatment with ART should be evaluated before treatment of the individual patient to ensure its benefits and prevent unwanted effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlene Niederreiter
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Klein
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Kerstin Arndt
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Jens Werner
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Pettenkoferstraße 8a, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Barbara Mayer
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Pettenkoferstraße 8a, 80336 Munich, Germany
- SpheroTec GmbH, Am Klopferspitz 19, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
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Salm H, Eichler M, Hentschel L, Richter S, Hohenberger P, Kasper B, Andreou D, Pink D, Mütze L, Arndt K, Bornhaeuser M, Schmitt J, Schuler M. 1520P Preferences on treatment decision making in sarcoma patients. Prevalence and associated factors: Results from the PROSa study. Ann Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.07.1623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Hentschel L, Richter S, Kopp HG, Kasper B, Kunitz A, Grünwald V, Kessler T, Chemnitz JM, Pelzer U, Schuler U, Freitag J, Schilling A, Hornemann B, Arndt K, Ehninger G, Bornhäuser M, Schuler M. Quality of life in patients with soft tissue sarcoma undergoing palliative treatment: A multicenter, cluster-randomized trial within the Germany Interdisciplinary Sarcoma Group (GISG-12). Ann Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy299.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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McCarter S, St. Louis E, Sandness D, Arndt K, Erickson M, Tabatabai G, Boeve B, Silber M. Antidepressants increase REM sleep muscle tone in patients with and without REM sleep behavior disorder. Sleep Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2015.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Tan CA, Topper S, Del Gaudio D, Nelakuditi V, Shchelochkov O, Nowaczyk MJM, Zeesman S, Brady L, Russell L, Meeks N, Sastry S, Arndt K, Kobiernicki F, Shaw R, Das S. Characterization of patients referred for non-specific intellectual disability testing: the importance of autosomal genes for diagnosis. Clin Genet 2015; 89:478-483. [PMID: 25693842 DOI: 10.1111/cge.12575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2015] [Revised: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Genetic testing for non-specific intellectual disability (ID) presents challenges in daily clinical practice. Historically, the focus of the genetic elucidation of non-specific ID has been on genes on the X chromosome, and recent research has brought attention to the growing contribution of autosomal genes. In addition, next-generation sequencing (NGS) has greatly improved the ability to simultaneously analyze multiple genetic loci, making large panel testing a practical approach to testing for non-specific ID. We performed NGS analysis of a total of 90 genes implicated in non-specific ID. The 90 genes included 56 X-linked genes and 34 autosomal genes. Pathogenic variants were identified in 11 of 52 (21%) patient samples. Nine of the eleven cases harbored mutations in autosomal genes including AP4B1, STXB1, SYNGAP1, TCF4 and UBE3A. Our mutation-positive cases provide further evidence supporting the prevalence of autosomal mutations in patients referred for non-specific ID testing and the utility of their inclusion in multi-gene panel analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Tan
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - S Topper
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - D Del Gaudio
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - V Nelakuditi
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - O Shchelochkov
- Division of Genetics, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - M J M Nowaczyk
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - S Zeesman
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - L Brady
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - L Russell
- Department of Medical Genetics, Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - N Meeks
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Genetics, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - S Sastry
- Division of Genetic and Metabolic Disorders, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - K Arndt
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - F Kobiernicki
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - R Shaw
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - S Das
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Koehler M, VanArsdale T, Shields D, Arndt K, Yuan J, Lee N, Eisele K, Chionis J, Cao J, Painter C. Mechanism of Action for Combined CDK4/6 and Er Inhibition in ER Positive Breast Cancer. Ann Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdu069.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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8
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Lange V, Arndt K, Schwarzelt C, Boehme I, Giani AS, Schmidt AH, Ehninger G, Wassmuth R. High density FTA plates serve as efficient long-term sample storage for HLA genotyping. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 83:101-5. [PMID: 24397418 DOI: 10.1111/tan.12277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Revised: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Storage of dried blood spots (DBS) on high-density FTA(®) plates could constitute an appealing alternative to frozen storage. However, it remains controversial whether DBS are suitable for high-resolution sequencing of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles. Therefore, we extracted DNA from DBS that had been stored for up to 4 years, using six different methods. We identified those extraction methods that recovered sufficient high-quality DNA for reliable high-resolution HLA sequencing. Further, we confirmed that frozen whole blood samples that had been stored for several years can be transferred to filter paper without compromising HLA genotyping upon extraction. Concluding, DNA derived from high-density FTA(®) plates is suitable for high-resolution HLA sequencing, provided that appropriate extraction protocols are employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Lange
- DKMS Life Science Lab, Dresden, Germany
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9
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Tan CA, del Gaudio D, Dempsey MA, Arndt K, Botes S, Reeder A, Das S. Analysis of ASPM in an ethnically diverse cohort of 400 patient samples: perspectives of the molecular diagnostic laboratory. Clin Genet 2013; 85:353-8. [PMID: 23611254 DOI: 10.1111/cge.12172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Revised: 04/17/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Primary Autosomal Recessive Microcephaly (MCPH) is characterized by congenital microcephaly usually without additional clinical findings. The most common gene implicated in MCPH is ASPM and a large percentage of mutations described have been homozygous and in consanguineous families primarily of East Asian and Middle Eastern origin. ASPM sequencing was performed on 400 patients between the years 2009 and 2012. Seventy of the patient samples were also analyzed for copy number changes in the ASPM gene. Forty protein truncating mutations, including 29 novel mutations, were identified in 39 patients with MCPH. Approximately one third of patients were compound heterozygotes, indicative of non-consanguinity in these patients. In addition, 46 non-synonymous variants were identified and interpreted as variants of uncertain significance. No deletion/duplication in ASPM was identified in the patients analyzed. A wide ethnic distribution was observed, including the first reported patients with ASPM-related MCPH of Hispanic descent. Clinical information was collected for 26 of the ASPM-positive patients and 41 of the ASPM-negative patients. As more individuals are identified with MCPH, we anticipate that we will continue to identify ASPM mutation-positive patients from all ethnic origins supporting the occurrence of this genetic condition beyond that of consanguineous families of certain ethnic populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Tan
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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10
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Patenge N, Arndt K, Eggert T, Zietz C, Kreikemeyer B, Bader R, Nebe B, Stranak V, Hippler R, Podbielski A. Evaluation of antimicrobial effects of novel implant materials by testing the prevention of biofilm formation using a simple small scale medium-throughput growth inhibition assay. Biofouling 2012; 28:267-277. [PMID: 22435853 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2012.671305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcal colonization of implants is a serious complication of orthopaedic surgery. Anti-infectious modification of implant surfaces may serve to prevent bacterial colonization. The authors set out to develop an in vitro test system for the analysis of prevention of biofilm formation by Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus on implant materials. Biofilm growth was monitored over 10 days on titanium disks in order to develop appropriate test parameters. Bacterial cell counts following ultrasonic treatment of the colonized samples were compared with scanning electron microscope images of the specimens. Copper ion containing surfaces (ie copper [Cu] and inter-metallic Ti-Cu films) were used for growth inhibition assays: copper ion releasing specimens led to reduced bacterial numbers in biofilms and decreased bacterial persistence in the model used. The assay used represents an inexpensive and quick in vitro screen for the antibacterial effects of novel implant surface materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Patenge
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University of Rostock, D-18057 Rostock, Germany
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11
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Stranak V, Wulff H, Rebl H, Zietz C, Arndt K, Bogdanowicz R, Nebe B, Bader R, Podbielski A, Hubicka Z, Hippler R. Deposition of thin titanium–copper films with antimicrobial effect by advanced magnetron sputtering methods. Materials Science and Engineering: C 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2011.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Gorodetskaya N, Arndt K, Doods H. 385 ASSESSMENT OF MECHANICAL ALLODYNIA: GLASS VS NYLON VON FREY FILAMENTS. Eur J Pain 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1090-3801(09)60388-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Gorodetskaya
- Department of CNS Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - K. Arndt
- Department of CNS Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - H. Doods
- Department of CNS Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
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Arndt K, Ceci A, Gaida W, Doods H. 314 IN VIVO CHARACTERIZATION OF SELECTIVE TRPV1 ANTAGONIST BCTC IN DIFFERENT ANIMAL MODELS OF ACUTE AND CHRONIC PAIN. Eur J Pain 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1090-3801(06)60317-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Boggiano MM, Chandler PC, Oswald KD, Rodgers RJ, Blundell JE, Ishii Y, Beattie AH, Holch P, Allison DB, Schindler M, Arndt K, Rudolf K, Mark M, Schoelch C, Joost HG, Klaus S, Thöne-Reineke C, Benoit SC, Seeley RJ, Beck-Sickinger AG, Koglin N, Raun K, Madsen K, Wulff BS, Stidsen CE, Birringer M, Kreuzer OJ, Deng XY, Whitcomb DC, Halem H, Taylor J, Dong J, Datta R, Culler M, Ortmann S, Castañeda TR, Tschöp M. PYY3-36 as an anti-obesity drug target. Obes Rev 2005; 6:307-22. [PMID: 16246216 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-789x.2005.00218.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The neuropeptide Y (NPY)/peptide YY (PYY) system has been implicated in the physiology of obesity for several decades. More recently ignited enormous interest in PYY3-36, an endogenous Y2-receptor agonist, as a promising anti-obesity compound. Despite this interest, there have been remarkably few subsequent reports reproducing or extending the initial findings, while at the same time studies finding no anti-obesity effects have surfaced. Out of 41 different rodent studies conducted (in 16 independent labs worldwide), 33 (83%) were unable to reproduce the reported effects and obtained no change or sometimes increased food intake, despite use of the same experimental conditions (i.e. adaptation protocols, routes of drug administration and doses, rodent strains, diets, drug vendors, light cycles, room temperatures). Among studies by authors in the original study, procedural caveats are reported under which positive effects may be obtained. Currently, data speak against a sustained decrease in food intake, body fat, or body weight gain following PYY3-36 administration and make the previously suggested role of the hypothalamic melanocortin system unlikely as is the existence of PYY deficiency in human obesity. We review the studies that are in the public domain which support or challenge PYY3-36 as a potential anti-obesity target.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Boggiano
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-1170, USA.
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Tschöp M, Castañeda TR, Joost HG, Thöne-Reineke C, Ortmann S, Klaus S, Hagan MM, Chandler PC, Oswald KD, Benoit SC, Seeley RJ, Kinzig KP, Moran TH, Beck-sickinger AG, Koglin N, Rodgers RJ, Blundell JE, Ishii Y, Beattie AH, Holch P, Allison DB, Raun K, Madsen K, Wulff BS, Stidsen CE, Birringer M, Kreuzer OJ, Schindler M, Arndt K, Rudolf K, Mark M, Deng XY, Whitcomb DC, Halem H, Taylor J, Dong J, Datta R, Culler M, Craney S, Flora D, Smiley D, Heiman ML, Withcomb DC. Physiology: does gut hormone PYY3-36 decrease food intake in rodents? Nature 2004; 430:1 p following 165; discussion 2 p following 165. [PMID: 15243972 DOI: 10.1038/nature02665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Batterham et al. report that the gut peptide hormone PYY3-36 decreases food intake and body-weight gain in rodents, a discovery that has been heralded as potentially offering a new therapy for obesity. However, we have been unable to replicate their results. Although the reasons for this discrepancy remain undetermined, an effective anti-obesity drug ultimately must produce its effects across a range of situations. The fact that the findings of Batterham et al. cannot easily be replicated calls into question the potential value of an anti-obesity approach that is based on administration of PYY3-36.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tschöp
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cincinnati Genome Research Institute, Cincinnati, Ohio 45237, USA.
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Wu D, Doods H, Arndt K, Schindler M. Development and potential of non-peptide antagonists for calcitonin-gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptors: evidence for CGRP receptor heterogeneity. Biochem Soc Trans 2002; 30:468-73. [PMID: 12196117 DOI: 10.1042/bst0300468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Calcitonin-gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a 37-amino-acid vasodilatory peptide, of which two isoforms, alpha CGRP and beta CGRP, have been described. The use of C-terminal fragments of CGRP peptide, such as human alpha CGRP-(8-37), has led to the pharmacological subdivision of CGRP receptors into CGRP-1 [high potency for binding of human alpha CGRP-(8-37)] and CGRP-2 (lower potency) receptors. We have recently developed BIBN4096BS, the first non-peptide CGRP antagonist, which has sub-nanomolar affinity for primate CGRP receptors. The use of BIBN4096BS has led to the discovery of further functional CGRP receptor heterogeneity in rat tissues. To further exploit BIBN4096BS as a pharmacological tool, we used BIBN4096BS in pig left anterior descending coronary vessels and cerebral basilar arteries, and compared functional with molecular data, characterizing CGRP receptor components. Our data show that, apart from a subdivision into CGRP-1 and -2 receptors, BIBN4096BS reveals additional functional differences between the actions of alpha CGRP and beta CGRP. However, evidence for CGRP receptor heterogeneity on a molecular level is scarce.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Wu
- Cardiovascular Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma KG, Birkendorfer Str. 65, D-88397 Biberach, Germany
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Abstract
The cerebellar cortex of the chicken embryo contains parasagittal segments of Purkinje cells. At intermediate stages of development, cell-dense ribbons of migrating granule cells ("raphes") are found between the segments. The complementary pattern of granule cell raphes and Purkinje cell segments represents a basic scheme of cerebellar organization that coincides with the expression domains of various genes, such as cadherins, gene regulatory proteins, and ephrins and their receptors. We have recently found the raphe/segment pattern also in a mammalian species, the postnatal mouse. Like in the chicken, the parasagittal raphes of granule cells were observed at the boundaries of Purkinje cell segments that differentially express cadherins. The number and arrangement of the raphes in the different cerebellar lobules is roughly similar in both species. The raphe/segment pattern is thus more widely distributed in vertebrates than previously assumed.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Redies
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Essen, Essen, Germany.
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Boschelli DH, Ye F, Wang YD, Dutia M, Johnson SL, Wu B, Miller K, Powell DW, Yaczko D, Young M, Tischler M, Arndt K, Discafani C, Etienne C, Gibbons J, Grod J, Lucas J, Weber JM, Boschelli F. Optimization of 4-phenylamino-3-quinolinecarbonitriles as potent inhibitors of Src kinase activity. J Med Chem 2001; 44:3965-77. [PMID: 11689083 DOI: 10.1021/jm0102250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Subsequent to the discovery of 4-[(2,4-dichlorophenyl)amino]-6,7-dimethoxy-3-quinolinecarbonitrile (1a) as an inhibitor of Src kinase activity (IC(50) = 30 nM), several additional analogues were prepared. Optimization of the C-4 anilino group of 1a led to 1c, which contains a 2,4-dichloro-5-methoxy-substituted aniline. Replacement of the methoxy group at C-7 of 1c with a 3-(morpholin-4-yl)propoxy group provided 2c, resulting in increased inhibition of both Src kinase activity and Src-mediated cell proliferation. Analogues of 2c with other trisubstituted anilines at C-4 were also potent Src inhibitors, and the propoxy group of 2c was preferred over ethoxy, butoxy, or pentoxy. Replacement of the morpholine group of 2c with a 4-methylpiperazine group provided 31a, which had an IC(50) of 1.2 nM in the Src enzymatic assay, an IC(50) of 100 nM for the inhibition of Src-dependent cell proliferation and was selective for Src over non-Src family kinases. Compound 31a, which had higher 1 and 4 h plasma levels than 2c, effectively inhibited tumor growth in xenograft models.
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Affiliation(s)
- D H Boschelli
- Chemical Sciences, Wyeth-Ayerst Research, 401 North Middletown Road, Pearl River, New York 10965, USA.
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Phillips GR, Huang JK, Wang Y, Tanaka H, Shapiro L, Zhang W, Shan WS, Arndt K, Frank M, Gordon RE, Gawinowicz MA, Zhao Y, Colman DR. The presynaptic particle web: ultrastructure, composition, dissolution, and reconstitution. Neuron 2001; 32:63-77. [PMID: 11604139 DOI: 10.1016/s0896-6273(01)00450-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 387] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
We report the purification of a presynaptic "particle web" consisting of approximately 50 nm pyramidally shaped particles interconnected by approximately 100 nm spaced fibrils. This is the "presynaptic grid" described in early EM studies. It is completely soluble above pH 8, but reconstitutes after dialysis against pH 6. Interestingly, reconstituted particles orient and bind PSDs asymmetrically. Mass spectrometry of purified web components reveals major proteins involved in the exocytosis of synaptic vesicles and in membrane retrieval. Our data support the idea that the CNS synaptic junction is organized by transmembrane adhesion molecules interlinked in the synaptic cleft, connected via their intracytoplasmic domains to the presynaptic web on one side and to the postsynaptic density on the other. The CNS synaptic junction may therefore be conceptualized as a complicated macromolecular scaffold that isostatically bridges two closely aligned plasma membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- G R Phillips
- The Corinne Goldsmith Dickinson Center for Multiple Sclerosis, Department of Neurology and The Fishberg Research Center for Neurobiology, New York, NY 10029, USA
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21
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Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine whether clinical and/or urodynamic changes in bladder function occur during pregnancy. Assessment consisted of a urinary symptom questionnaire, urogynecological examination and urodynamic investigations, which were repeated 6 weeks after pregnancy. Sixty-six patients had the initial and 40 the follow-up assessments. Statistical analysis was done by 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Nocturia, frequency, dysuria, urgency and stress incontinence occurred significantly more frequently during pregnancy. Urinary tract infection was diagnosed in 18% of patients during pregnancy and asymptomatic bacteriuria in 9%. Genuine stress incontinence was diagnosed in 12% during pregnancy and in none after pregnancy (95% CI 1% to 24%). An unstable detrusor was diagnosed in 23% of patients during pregnancy and in 15% after pregnancy (95% CI -8% to 23%). Strong desire to void, urgency, maximum cystometric capacity, maximum flow rate and average flow rate were all statistically significantly decreased during pregnancy. It is concluded that significant changes occur in bladder function during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J T Nel
- Urogynecology Unit, University of the Orange Free State, South Africa
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22
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Boschelli DH, Wang YD, Ye F, Wu B, Zhang N, Dutia M, Powell DW, Wissner A, Arndt K, Weber JM, Boschelli F. Synthesis and Src kinase inhibitory activity of a series of 4-phenylamino-3-quinolinecarbonitriles. J Med Chem 2001; 44:822-33. [PMID: 11262092 DOI: 10.1021/jm000420z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Screening of a directed compound library in a yeast-based assay identified 4-[(2,4-dichlorophenyl)amino]-6,7-dimethoxy-3-quinolinecarbonitrile (2a) as a Src inhibitor. An enzymatic assay established that 2a was an ATP-competitive inhibitor of the kinase activity of Src. We present here SAR data for 2a which shows that the aniline group at C-4, the carbonitrile group at C-3, and the alkoxy groups at C-6 and C-7 of the quinoline are crucial for optimal activity. Increasing the size of the C-2 substituent of the aniline at C-4 of 2a from chloro to bromo to iodo resulted in a corresponding increase in Src inhibition. Furthermore, replacement of the 7-methoxy group of 2a with various 3-heteroalkylaminopropoxy groups provided increased inhibition of both Src enzymatic and cellular activity. Compound 25, which contains a 3-morpholinopropoxy group, had an IC(50) of 3.8 nM in the Src enzymatic assay and an IC(50) of 940 nM for the inhibition of Src-dependent cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D H Boschelli
- Chemical Sciences and Oncology, Wyeth-Ayerst Research, 401 North Middletown Road, Pearl River, New York 10965, USA.
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Tanaka H, Shan W, Phillips GR, Arndt K, Bozdagi O, Shapiro L, Huntley GW, Benson DL, Colman DR. Molecular modification of N-cadherin in response to synaptic activity. Neuron 2000; 25:93-107. [PMID: 10707975 DOI: 10.1016/s0896-6273(00)80874-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 269] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between adhesive interactions across the synaptic cleft and synaptic function has remained elusive. At certain CNS synapses, pre- to postsynaptic adhesion is mediated at least in part by neural (N-) cadherin. Here, we demonstrate that upon depolarization of hippocampal neurons in culture by K+ treatment, or application of NMDA or alpha-latrotoxin, synaptic N-cadherin dimerizes and becomes markedly protease resistant. These properties are indices of strong, stable, enhanced cadherin-mediated intercellular adhesion. N-cadherin retained protease resistance for at least 2 hr after recovery, while other surface molecules, including other cadherins, were completely degraded. The acquisition of protease resistance and dimerization of N-cadherin is not dependent on new protein synthesis, nor is it accompanied by internalization of N-cadherin. By immunocytochemistry, we found that high K+ selectively induces surface dispersion of N-cadherin, which, after recovery, returns to synaptic puncta. N-cadherin dispersion under K+ treatment parallels the rapid expansion of the presynaptic membrane consequent to the massive vesicle fusion that occurs with this type of depolarization. In contrast, with NMDA application, N-cadherin does not disperse but does acquire enhanced protease resistance and dimerizes. Our data strongly suggest that synaptic adhesion is dynamically and locally controlled, and modulated by synaptic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Tanaka
- Program in Cell Adhesion, The Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, USA
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24
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Abstract
Hypothermia is one of the most common problems that patients experience in the perioperative environment. Hypothermia causes more problems for the patient than the mere unpleasant experience of feeling cold. Additional nursing interventions are required for a patient suffering from inadvertent hypothermia, which often delays the patient's discharge from the perioperative setting. Many of the nursing interventions that are successful in preventing hypothermia and restoring body heat to surgical patients, such as applying a warmed blanket to a patient's body, seem straightforward. Understanding the cause and effects of inadvertent hypothermia, however, is essential in recognizing it and implementing the most effective nursing interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Arndt
- Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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25
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Arndt K. Specialisation in nursing: are we ready for the year 2000? Qld Nurse 1999; 18:20-1. [PMID: 12029698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
The development of specialty nursing practice and nurse specialists in today's health care arena is a controversial yet growing force, fuelled by a complexity of factors from both within and external to the profession. By narrowing the focus on parts of the whole field of nursing, nurses have met the challenge of increasing technology, complexity of the health care system, and nursing care needs. Although the debate regarding nurse specialists continues to rage, the production of such nurses will push beyond the boundaries of the profession into the new millennium, in the interests of patient care.
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Arndt K, Redies C. Development of cadherin-defined parasagittal subdivisions in the embryonic chicken cerebellum. J Comp Neurol 1998; 401:367-81. [PMID: 9811114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
The expression of three cadherins (cadherin-6B, cadherin-7, and R-cadherin) was analyzed by immunohistochemistry at early to intermediate stages of chicken cerebellar development (4.5-12 days of incubation [E4.5-E12]). Expression was first detected at approximately E5. On the cerebellar surface, expression of cadherin-6B and cadherin-7 is initially observed in transverse domains that subsequently elongate into parasagittal stripes. The sequence of emergence, the borders, and the orientation of these expression domains suggest a parcellation of the cerebellum into distinct medial, lateral, and caudal embryonic subdivisions. These subdivisions relate to histologic features, to the expression of gene regulatory proteins, and, possibly, to patterns of clonal restriction. Individual cadherin-expressing cell clusters can be observed to split into cortical and nuclear subdivisions, which are connected by nerve fibers expressing the same cadherin, thus establishing the parasagittal corticonuclear connectivity pattern found at later developmental stages. Our results suggest that cadherins may play a role in the transition from the early embryonic to the later functional organization of the cerebellum by providing a scaffold of potential adhesive cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Arndt
- Institute of Biology III, University of Freiburg, Germany
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28
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Arndt K. Recruitment and retention in perioperative nursing. Aust Nurs J 1998; 6:32-4. [PMID: 10205398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K Arndt
- Recovery Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane
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29
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Arndt K, Hofmann D, Gehre M, Krumbiegel P. 15N investigation into the effect of a pollutant on the nitrogen metabolism of Tetrahymena pyriformis as a model for environmental medical research. Environ Health Perspect 1998; 106:493-497. [PMID: 9681977 PMCID: PMC1533201 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.106-1533201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
A pilot study was performed to examine the potential of stable isotope techniques for monitoring the impact of a harmful substance on the cellular nitrogen metabolism in the ciliate species Tetrahymena pyriformis. After identical cultivation periods of control cells and toluene-exposed cells in a defined culture medium enriched with [guanidino-15N2]l-arginine, a number of nitrogen-containing pools were analyzed: 1) quantity and 15N abundance of ammonia as the end product of nitrogen metabolism in the system; 2) pattern and 15N abundances of the protein-bound amino acids in the cells; 3) pattern and 15N abundances of free amino acids in the cells; and 4) pattern and 15N abundances of the amino acids in the culture medium. In addition to 15N emission spectrometry, a new gas chromatography/combustion interface-isotope ratio mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry analytical system was used. The production and 15N content of ammonia were higher in the toluene-exposed system by 30% and 43%, respectively, indicating higher deamination rates and greater arginine consumption. The toluene-exposed cells exhibited increased 15N abundances of protein-bound amino acids in alanine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, and tyrosine. Furthermore, structural analyses revealed the presence of N[Omega]-acetylarginine and pyrrolidonecarboxylic acid--compounds that had not previously been detected in Tetrahymena pyriformis. Differences in the 15N-enrichment of free amino acids were also evident. This new effect-monitoring system designed to investigate the impact of a pollutant on protein metabolism by using a stable isotope-labeled cell culture is a powerful tool for environmental medical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Arndt
- Department of Human Exposure Research and Epidemiology, UFZ Centre for Environmental Research Leipzig-Halle, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
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30
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Arndt K, Nakagawa S, Takeichi M, Redies C. Cadherin-Defined Segments and Parasagittal Cell Ribbons in the Developing Chicken Cerebellum. Mol Cell Neurosci 1998; 10:211-28. [PMID: 9618214 DOI: 10.1006/mcne.1998.0665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In the developing chicken cerebellar cortex, three cadherins (Cad6B, Cad7, and R-cadherin) are expressed in distinct parasagittal segments that are separated from each other by ribbons of migrating interneurons and granule cells which express R-cadherin and Cad7, respectively. The segment/ribbon pattern is respected by the expression of other types of molecules, such as engrailed-2 and SC1/BEN/DM-GRASP. The cadherin-defined segments contain young Purkinje cells which are connected to underlying nuclear zones expressing the same cadherin, thereby forming parasagittal cortico-nuclear zones of topographically organized connections. In addition, R-cadherin-positive mossy fiber terminals display a periodic pattern in the internal granular layer. In this layer, Cad7 and R-cadherin are associated with synaptic complexes. These results suggest that cadherins play a pivotal role in the formation of functional cerebellar architecture by providing a three-dimensional scaffold of adhesive information. Copyright 1998 Academic Press.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Arndt
- Institute of Biology III, University of Freiburg, Schaenzlestrasse 1, Freiburg, D-79104, Germany
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Abstract
A full-length cDNA of a novel cadherin of chicken (cad10) was cloned. The deduced amino acid sequence of the putative cytoplasmic domain of this molecule is highly homologous to a previously published cytoplasmic fragment of human cadherin-10, a type II cadherin. An in situ hybridization analysis in chicken embryos shows that cad10 expression starts at about 4 days' incubation (E4) and persists at least until the hatching stage. In the central nervous system (CNS), cad10 expression is spatially restricted at all stages of development. At early stages, expression reflects the neuromeric organization of the brain. For example, in the alar plate of the diencephalon, cad10 expression is restricted to the dorsal thalamic neuromere. A number of cad10-expressing brain nuclei are formed in this neuromeric domain during later development. Specific cad10-expressing gray matter structures are also found in all other major divisions of the brain. Many of these structures are known to be functionally connected to each other. The cad10 expression pattern is distinct from that of other cadherins. These results support the idea that cadherins provide a molecular code for the regionalization of the embryonic CNS at the different stages of development.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Fushimi
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Kyoto University, Japan
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Abstract
Axonin-1/TAG-1, a member of the immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily of adhesion molecules, has been shown to be selectively expressed by a subset of neurons and fiber tracts in the developing nervous system of vertebrates. Axonin-1/TAG-1 is thought to play a role in the outgrowth, guidance, and fasciculation of neurites. In the present study, we map the expression of axonin-1 in the diencephalon of the chicken brain at early and intermediate stages of development [2-8 days of incubation; embryonic day (E)2-E8] by immunohistochemical methods. Results show that axonin-1 is first expressed at about E2.5 by postmitotic neurons scattered throughout most of the diencephalon. During the neuromeric stage of brain development (about E3-E5), axonin-1+ nerve cell bodies are predominantly found in two neuromeric subdivisions: 1) in the alar plate of the precommissural pretectum and dorsal thalamus and 2) in the posterior preoptic region of the hypothalamus. The axonin-1+ fiber bundles emerging from these areas grow across segmental boundaries. For example, axonin-1+ neurites originating in the dorsal thalamus cross the zona limitans intrathalamica at a right angle to project to the striatum. Later, the axonin-1+ neuromere areas give rise to particular axonin-1+ gray and white matter structures. Most of these structures correspond to the structures described to express TAG-1 in rodents. In conclusion, axonin-1 can be used as a marker to study aspects of the transition from the early neuromeric structure to the mature anatomy of the chicken brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Redies
- Institute of Biology III, University of Freiburg, Germany.
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Higgins LF, Weinstein K, Arndt K. Winning market positioning strategies for long term care facilities. Health Mark Q 1996; 15:33-47. [PMID: 10179063 DOI: 10.1300/j026v15n01_03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The decision to develop an aggressive marketing strategy for its long term care facility has become a priority for the management of a one-hundred bed facility in the Rocky Mountain West. Financial success and lasting competitiveness require that the facility in question (Deer Haven) establish itself as the preferred provider of long term care for its target market. By performing a marketing communications audit, Deer Haven evaluated its present market position and created a strategy for solidifying and dramatizing this position. After an overview of present conditions in the industry, we offer a seven step process that provides practical guidance for positioning a long term care facility. We conclude by providing an example application.
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Affiliation(s)
- L F Higgins
- College of Business and Administration, University of Colorado, Colorado Springs 80933, USA
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Abstract
Cadherins are a family of Ca(2+)-dependent cell-cell adhesion molecules regulating morphogenesis by a preferentially homophilic binding mechanism. We have previously shown that the expression of R-cadherin in the early chicken forebrain (embryonic days E3-E6) is restricted to particular neuromeres or parts of neuromeres. R-cadherin-expressing neuroblasts born in these areas accumulate in the mantle zone and aggregate in particular (pro-) nuclei (Gänzler and Redies [1995] J. Neurosci. 15:4157-4172). In the present study, these findings are extended to later developmental stages (embryonic days E8, E11, and E15). By immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization techniques, we show that, at these stages of development, R-cadherin expression remains restricted to particular developing gray matter regions and fiber tracts. The R-cadherin-positive fiber tracts connect some of the R-cadherin-positive gray matter areas to form parts of particular neural circuits in the visual, auditory, somatosensory, and motor systems. Moreover, R-cadherin expression reflects the morphologic differentiation of gray matter regions. As brain nuclei become morphologically more distinct, the expression of R-cadherin shows a clearer demarcation of the nuclear boundaries. In addition, R-cadherin expression in some nuclei becomes restricted to particular subregions or to clusters of neurons. In the cerebellum, R-cadherin is expressed in parasagittal stripes. These results suggest that R-cadherin expression reflects the functional and morphologic maturation of gray matter structures and of information processing circuits in the embryonic chicken brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Arndt
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tübingen, Germany
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Abstract
Data collected from lung cancer patients attending the Victoria Clinic of the British Columbia Cancer Agency are used to investigate how resources are rationed in the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). An ordered logit model is estimated to analyse empirically the relationship between treatment selection and: tumour stage, size and differentiation; the Feinstein index; Karnofsky performance status (KPS); and the patient's age, gender and marital and smoking status. Implicit rationing is found to occur with respect to all of these factors except the Feinstein index, gender and marital status. With respect to age, KPS and smoker status the main empirical results are: (a) an increase in age from 50 to 85 reduces the expected treatment expenditure by 50-70%, depending on the patient's KPS and smoker status; (b) patients with a KPS less than 80 and of 80, receive 30-46% and 75-85%, respectively, of the expected treatment expenditure for patients with a KPS of 90 or 100, depending on age and smoker status; (c) the expected treatment expenditure for active smokers is about 71-86% of the expenditure for non- or former smokers depending on age and KPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Arndt
- Department of Economics, University of Victoria, Canada
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Arndt K. This is an emergency. Qld Nurse 1996; 15:14. [PMID: 8715884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Friesdorf W, Groß-Alltag F, Konichezky S, Arndt K. Clinical information process units (CIPUs) - a system ergonomic approach to medical information systems. Technol Health Care 1994; 1:265-72. [PMID: 25273581 DOI: 10.3233/thc-1994-1403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This article constitutes an introduction to the basic tools necessary to understand Systems Ergonomics applied to the development of clinical systems. A basic description of clinical patient care in the system ergonomics language is provided, and the current situation found in hospital information management is criticized from an ergonomic point of view. We have laid out a model of the information flow in the clinical environment, which breaks the complex process of patient care in clearly defined elements: the Clinical Information Process Units. Presented here as an example of the application of Systems Ergonomics to the clinical working processes, the Clinical Information Process Units constitute the central element in the system ergonomic model of the information flow in the clinical environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Friesdorf
- ATV Section, Clinic for Anaesthesiology, University of Ulm, Steinhövelstraße 9, 89075 Ulm, Germany
| | - F Groß-Alltag
- ATV Section, Clinic for Anaesthesiology, University of Ulm, Steinhövelstraße 9, 89075 Ulm, Germany
| | - S Konichezky
- Intensive Care Unit, Kaplan Hospital, P.O. Box 1, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - K Arndt
- ATV Section, Clinic for Anaesthesiology, University of Ulm, Steinhövelstraße 9, 89075 Ulm, Germany
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Jeffery EH, Arndt K, Haschek WM. The role of cytochrome P450IIE1 in bioactivation of acetaminophen in diabetic and acetone-treated mice. Adv Exp Med Biol 1991; 283:249-51. [PMID: 2068990 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-5877-0_25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E H Jeffery
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute for Environmental Studies, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign 61801
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Affiliation(s)
- K Arndt
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign 61801
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Abstract
Prior work has shown that DMSO inhibits paracetamol hepatotoxicity. In this paper we show that DMSO and its reduced metabolite dimethyl sulfide (DMS) can inhibit in vitro hepatic dimethylnitrosamine N-demethylase. We also show that DMSO can inhibit in vivo production of glutathione conjugates of paracetamol. Glutathione is known to conjugate the bioactivated form of paracetamol. Also, the isozyme of cytochrome P-450 responsible for dimethylnitrosomine N-demethylase, cytochrome P-450j, is thought responsible for paracetamol bioactivation. We therefore propose that DMSO inhibits paracetamol hepatotoxicity due to inhibition of cytochrome P-450j-dependent paracetamol bioactivation by DMSO and its metabolite DMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- E H Jeffery
- Institute for Environmental Studies, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801
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41
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Bigby M, Jick S, Jick H, Arndt K. Drug-induced cutaneous reactions. A report from the Boston Collaborative Drug Surveillance Program on 15,438 consecutive inpatients, 1975 to 1982. JAMA 1986; 256:3358-63. [PMID: 2946876 DOI: 10.1001/jama.256.24.3358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
We analyzed the data on 15,438 consecutive medical inpatients monitored by the Boston Collaborative Drug Surveillance Program from June 1975 to June 1982 to determine the rates of allergic cutaneous reactions to drugs introduced since 1975 and to confirm and extend findings from an earlier study of the preceding 22,227 patients. There were 358 reactions occurring in 347 patients, for an overall reaction rate among patients of 2.2%. Each patient received a mean of eight different drugs. Rashes were attributed to 51 drugs, and 75% of the allergic cutaneous reactions were attributed to antibiotics, blood products, and inhaled mucolytics. Amoxicillin (51.4 reactions per 1000 patients exposed), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (33.8/1000), and ampicillin (33.2/1000) had the highest reaction rates. Drug-specific reaction rates ranged from zero to 51.4 per 1000 and were determined for 180 drugs or drug groups. These results provide physicians with quantitative data that will be helpful in clinical decision making when drug-induced exanthems, urticaria, or generalized pruritus occurs.
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Arndt K, Fink GR. GCN4 protein, a positive transcription factor in yeast, binds general control promoters at all 5' TGACTC 3' sequences. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1986; 83:8516-20. [PMID: 3464968 PMCID: PMC386961 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.83.22.8516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 267] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The GCN4 gene is required for the general amino acid control derepression response in yeast. GCN4 protein protects a repeated sequence motif in the 5'-untranslated region of HIS4, HIS3, ILV1, and ILV2 genes subject to general control. At low concentrations of GCN4, only certain repeats in these genes are bound. The repeats differ slightly from the 5' TGACTC 3' consensus core sequence, and the selective binding of some sites at low GCN4 concentrations is related to the relative affinity of these sites to GCN4. Using purified GCN4 protein obtained from an overproducing strain of Escherichia coli, we were able to obtain complete protection of all of the repeat elements in these four genes at high GCN4 concentrations. Analysis of the relative binding constant to the 15 repeated sequences protected by GCN4 shows that the optimal binding site for GCN4 is 5' RRTGACTC 3' followed by a short stretch of thymidines. Another protein, present mostly in yeast nuclear extracts, binds to the HIS4 promoter at a site overlapping one of the GCN4 binding sites. This protein is displaced from its binding site at high GCN4 concentrations.
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Metzler WJ, Arndt K, Tecza E, Wasilewski J, Lu P. Lambda phage cro repressor interaction with its operator DNA: 2'-deoxy-5-fluorouracil OR3 analogues. Biochemistry 1985; 24:1418-24. [PMID: 3157402 DOI: 10.1021/bi00327a020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The experiments here show that chemically synthesized DNA containing fluorine at selected sites can be used to test specific predictions of a model for cro repressor--operator interaction. This is done by observation of the perturbation to the fluorine-19 NMR spectra of analogues of OR3 synthesized with 2'-deoxy-5-fluorouracil at specific positions in the DNA helix. Although the three-dimensional structure of the cro repressor from phage lambda has been determined by Matthews and co-workers [Anderson, W., Ohlendorf, D., Takeda, Y., & Matthews, B. (1981) Nature (London) 290, 754-758], direct structural observations on the complex of the protein with its specific DNA recognition sequence, OR3, are limited. From that structure of the protein, alone, a model of its complex to DNA was built by fitting B-form DNA, with some distortion [Ohlendorf, D., Anderson, W., Fisher, R., Takeda, Y., & Matthews, B. (1982) Nature (London) 298, 718-723]. That model proposes that the cro repressor contacts only one side of this DNA double helix and a number of specific protein--DNA contacts. To test the model, 2'-deoxy-5-fluorouracil was used to place the fluorine-19 nuclear spin-label on the side of the DNA contacting the cro repressor and on the opposite side facing away from the cro repressor. The results presented here are consistent with the prediction that lambda phage cro repressor contacts only one side of the DNA double helix.
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Abstract
The kinetics for imino hydrogen exchange, at individual base pairs in the DNA sequence corresponding to the lactose operon operator of Escherichia coli, has been examined by NMR saturation recovery measurements as a function of temperature. Three 17-base-pair subsections of the lac operator DNA were chemically synthesized for these studies. The results support our previous observations in the 36-base-pair complete lac operator DNA fragment that has been used in our previous NMR studies. The results indicate faster opening kinetics at a GTG/CAC that is also the site of operator mutations leading to the highest level of constitutive beta-galactosidase synthesis. The GTG/CAC sequence occurs frequently and often symmetrically in prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA sites where one anticipates specific protein interaction for gene regulation or recombination.
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Abstract
A common feature that appears in a number of DNA sites where proteins interact is the sequence GTG/CAC. In the lac operator this sequence leads to a region with a higher imino proton exchange rate well below the optical melting temperature. It is suggested that this reflects a structural feature recognized by proteins that bind specific sites on the DNA molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Lu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104
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Boschelli F, Arndt K, Nick H, Zhang Q, Lu P, Takeda Y. Lambda phage cro repressor. DNA sequence-dependent interactions seen by tyrosine fluorescence. J Mol Biol 1982; 162:251-66. [PMID: 6219228 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(82)90525-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Nick H, Arndt K, Boschelli F, Jarema MA, Lillis M, Sommer H, Lu P, Sadler J. Repressor--operator interaction in the lac operon. II. Observations at the tyrosines and tryptophans. J Mol Biol 1982; 161:417-38. [PMID: 6759662 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(82)90247-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Arndt K, Nick H, Boschelli F, Lu P, Sadler J. Repressor--operator interaction in the lac operon. III. Nuclear magnetic resonance observations with altered amino-terminal DNA binding domains. J Mol Biol 1982; 161:439-57. [PMID: 6759663 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(82)90248-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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49
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Nick H, Arndt K, Boschelli F, Jarema MA, Lillis M, Sadler J, Caruthers M, Lu P. lac repressor-lac operator interaction: NMR observations. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1982; 79:218-22. [PMID: 7043455 PMCID: PMC345697 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.79.2.218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
We show here the changes in the NMR spectra of the Escherichia coli lac repressor when bound to isolated lac operator DNA. The observations focus on the aromatic residues--four tyrosines and a single histidine--in the amino-terminal DNA binding domain of the lac repressor. There is a good correlation between chemical shift changes seen by 19F NMR when compared with 1 H NMR of otherwise identical repressor--DNA complexes. The results suggest that the tyrosines do not intercalate in the DNA. The NMR spectral changes with similarly sized DNA fragments, not containing the lac operator DNA sequence, are different. Thus, the amino-terminal domain of the lac repressor is independently capable of discriminating between lac operator and nonspecific DNA sequences. There can be two amino-terminal fragments per operator in the specific complex.
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Arndt K. Asymptotic Properties of the Distribution of the Supremum of a Random Walk on a Markov Chain. Theory Probab Appl 1981. [DOI: 10.1137/1125039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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