1
|
Gong J, Gong Y, Zou T, Zeng Y, Yang C, Mo L, Kang J, Fan X, Xu H, Yang J. A controllable perfusion microfluidic chip for facilitating the development of retinal ganglion cells in human retinal organoids. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:3820-3836. [PMID: 37496497 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00054k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Retinal organoids (ROs) derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) have become a promising model in vitro to recapitulate human retinal development, which can be further employed to explore the mechanisms of retinal diseases. However, the current culture systems for ROs lack physiologically relevant microenvironments, such as controllable mechano-physiological cues and dynamic feedback between cells and the extracellular matrix (ECM), which limits the accurate control of RO development. Therefore, we designed a controllable perfusion microfluidic chip (CPMC) with the advantages of precisely controlling fluidic shear stress (FSS) and oxygen concentration distribution in a human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-derived RO culture system. We found that ROs cultured under this system allow for expanding the retinal progenitor cell (RPC) pool, orchestrating the retinal ganglion cell (RGC) specification, and axon growth without disturbing the spatial and temporal patterning events at the early stage of RO development. Furthermore, RNA sequencing data revealed that the activation of voltage-gated ion channels and the increased expression of ECM components synergistically improve the growth of ROs and facilitate the differentiation of RGCs. This study elaborates on the advantages of the designed CPMC to promote RO growth and provide a controllable and reliable platform for the efficient maturity of RGCs in the ROs, promising applications in modeling RGC-related disorders, drug screening, and cell transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Gong
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China.
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
- Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Yu Gong
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
- Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Ting Zou
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
- Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Yuxiao Zeng
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
- Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Cao Yang
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
- Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Lingyue Mo
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
- Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Jiahui Kang
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
- Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Xiaotang Fan
- Department of Military Cognitive Psychology, School of Psychology, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 40038, China.
| | - Haiwei Xu
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
- Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Jun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang X, Fan W, Xu Z, Zhang Q, Li N, Li R, Wang G, He S, Li W, Liao D, Zhang Z, Shu N, Huang J, Zhao C, Hou S. SOX2-positive retinal stem cells are identified in adult human pars plicata by single-cell transcriptomic analyses. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e198. [PMID: 36582303 PMCID: PMC9790047 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell therapy is a promising strategy to rescue visual impairment caused by retinal degeneration. Previous studies have proposed controversial theories about whether in situ retinal stem cells (RSCs) are present in adult human eye tissue. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has emerged as one of the most powerful tools to reveal the heterogeneity of tissue cells. By using scRNA-seq, we explored the cell heterogeneity of different subregions of adult human eyes, including pars plicata, pars plana, retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), iris, and neural retina (NR). We identified one subpopulation expressing SRY-box transcription factor 2 (SOX2) as RSCs, which were present in the pars plicata of the adult human eye. Further analysis showed the identified subpopulation of RSCs expressed specific markers aquaporin 1 (AQP1) and tetraspanin 12 (TSPAN12). We, therefore, isolated this subpopulation using these two markers by flow sorting and found that the isolated RSCs could proliferate and differentiate into some retinal cell types, including photoreceptors, neurons, RPE cells, microglia, astrocytes, horizontal cells, bipolar cells, and ganglion cells; whereas, AQP1- TSPAN12- cells did not have this differentiation potential. In conclusion, our results showed that SOX2-positive RSCs are present in the pars plicata and may be valuable for treating human retinal diseases due to their proliferation and differentiation potential.
Collapse
|
3
|
Abstract
Cell manipulation in droplets has emerged as one of the great successes of microfluidic technologies, with the development of single-cell screening. However, the droplet format has also served to go beyond single-cell studies, namely by considering the interactions between different cells or between cells and their physical or chemical environment. These studies pose specific challenges linked to the need for long-term culture of adherent cells or the diverse types of measurements associated with complex biological phenomena. Here we review the emergence of droplet microfluidic methods for culturing cells and studying their interactions. We begin by characterizing the quantitative aspects that determine the ability to encapsulate cells, transport molecules, and provide sufficient nutrients within the droplets. This is followed by an evaluation of the biological constraints such as the control of the biochemical environment and promoting the anchorage of adherent cells. This first part ends with a description of measurement methods that have been developed. The second part of the manuscript focuses on applications of these technologies for cancer studies, immunology, and stem cells while paying special attention to the biological relevance of the cellular assays and providing guidelines on improving this relevance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Sart
- LadHyX, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91120 Palaiseau, France.,Physical Microfluidics and Bioengineering, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 Rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Gustave Ronteix
- LadHyX, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91120 Palaiseau, France.,Physical Microfluidics and Bioengineering, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 Rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Shreyansh Jain
- LadHyX, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91120 Palaiseau, France.,Physical Microfluidics and Bioengineering, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 Rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Gabriel Amselem
- LadHyX, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91120 Palaiseau, France.,Physical Microfluidics and Bioengineering, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 Rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Charles N Baroud
- LadHyX, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91120 Palaiseau, France.,Physical Microfluidics and Bioengineering, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 Rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
A modular, reversible sealing, and reusable microfluidic device for drug screening. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1185:339068. [PMID: 34711311 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.339068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical tests for evaluating potential drug candidates using conventional protocols can be exhaustive and high-cost processes. Microfluidic technologies that can speed up this process and allow fast screening of drugs are promising alternatives. This work presents the design, concept, and operational conditions of a simple, modular, and reversible sealing microdevice useful for drug screening. This microdevice allows for the operation of 4 parallel simultaneous conditions and can also generate a diffusive concentration gradient in sextuplicates. We used laminated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMSLAM) and glass as building materials as proof of concept. The PDMSLAM parts can be reused since they can be easily sterilized. We cultured MCF-7 (Michigan Cancer Foundation-7) breast cancer cells. Cells were exposed to a doxorubicin diffusive concentration gradient for 3 h. They were monitored by automated microscopy, and after data processing, it was possible to determine cell viability as a function of doxorubicin concentration. The reversible sealing enabled the recovery of the tested cells and image acquisition. Therefore, this microdevice is a promising tool for drug screening that allows assessing the cellular behavior in dynamic conditions and the recovery of cells for afterward processing and imaging.
Collapse
|
5
|
Aranda Hernandez J, Heuer C, Bahnemann J, Szita N. Microfluidic Devices as Process Development Tools for Cellular Therapy Manufacturing. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 179:101-127. [PMID: 34410457 DOI: 10.1007/10_2021_169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Cellular therapies are creating a paradigm shift in the biomanufacturing industry. Particularly for autologous therapies, small-scale processing methods are better suited than the large-scale approaches that are traditionally employed in the industry. Current small-scale methods for manufacturing personalized cell therapies, however, are labour-intensive and involve a number of 'open events'. To overcome these challenges, new cell manufacturing platforms following a GMP-in-a-box concept have recently come on the market (GMP: Good Manufacturing Practice). These are closed automated systems with built-in pumps for fluid handling and sensors for in-process monitoring. At a much smaller scale, microfluidic devices exhibit many of the same features as current GMP-in-a-box systems. They are closed systems, fluids can be processed and manipulated, and sensors integrated for real-time detection of process variables. Fabricated from polymers, they can be made disposable, i.e. single-use. Furthermore, microfluidics offers exquisite spatiotemporal control over the cellular microenvironment, promising both reproducibility and control of outcomes. In this chapter, we consider the challenges in cell manufacturing, highlight recent advances of microfluidic devices for each of the main process steps, and summarize our findings on the current state of the art. As microfluidic cell culture devices have been reported for both adherent and suspension cell cultures, we report on devices for the key process steps, or unit operations, of both stem cell therapies and cell-based immunotherapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Christopher Heuer
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Janina Bahnemann
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Nicolas Szita
- Biochemical Engineering Department, University College London (UCL), London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Liu W, Hu R, Han K, Sun M, Liu D, Zhang J, Wang J. Parallel and large-scale antitumor investigation using stable chemical gradient and heterotypic three-dimensional tumor coculture in a multi-layered microfluidic device. Biotechnol J 2021; 16:e2000655. [PMID: 34218506 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202000655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer has been responsible for a large number of human deaths in the 21st century. Establishing a controllable, biomimetic, and large-scale analytical platform to investigate the tumor-associated pathophysiological and preclinical events, such as oncogenesis and chemotherapy, is necessary. METHODS AND RESULTS This study presents antitumor investigation in a parallel, large-scale, and tissue-mimicking manner based on well-constructed chemical gradients and heterotypic three-dimensional (3D) tumor cocultures using a multifunction-integrated device. The integrated microfluidic device was engineered to produce a controllable and steady chemical gradient by manipulative optimization. Array-like and size-homogeneous production of heterotypic 3D tumor cocultures with in vivo-like features, including similar tumor-stromal composition and functional phenotypic gradients of metabolic activity and viability, was successfully established. Furthermore, temporal, parallel, and high-throughput analyses of tumor behaviors in different antitumor stimulations were performed in a device based on the integrated operations involving gradient generation and coculture. CONCLUSION This achievement holds great potential for applications in the establishment of multifunctional tumor platforms to perform tissue-biomimetic neoplastic research and therapy assessment in the fields of oncology, bioengineering, and drug discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenming Liu
- School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Rui Hu
- School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Kai Han
- School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Meilin Sun
- School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Dan Liu
- School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jinwei Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jinyi Wang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Collins T, Pyne E, Christensen M, Iles A, Pamme N, Pires IM. Spheroid-on-chip microfluidic technology for the evaluation of the impact of continuous flow on metastatic potential in cancer models in vitro. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2021; 15:044103. [PMID: 34504636 PMCID: PMC8403013 DOI: 10.1063/5.0061373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The majority of cancer deaths are linked to tumor spread, or metastasis, but 3D in vitro metastasis models relevant to the tumor microenvironment (including interstitial fluid flow) remain an area of unmet need. Microfluidics allows us to introduce controlled flow to an in vitro cancer model to better understand the relationship between flow and metastasis. Here, we report new hybrid spheroid-on-chip in vitro models for the impact of interstitial fluid flow on cancer spread. We designed a series of reusable glass microfluidic devices to contain one spheroid in a microwell under continuous perfusion culture. Spheroids derived from established cancer cell lines were perfused with complete media at a flow rate relevant to tumor interstitial fluid flow. Spheroid viability and migratory/invasive capabilities were maintained on-chip when compared to off-chip static conditions. Importantly, using flow conditions modeled in vitro, we are the first to report flow-induced secretion of pro-metastatic factors, in this case cytokines vascular endothelial growth factor and interleukin 6. In summary, we have developed a new, streamlined spheroid-on-chip in vitro model that represents a feasible in vitro alternative to conventional murine in vivo metastasis assays, including complex tumor environmental factors, such as interstitial fluid flow, extracellular matrices, and using 3D models to model nutrient and oxygen gradients. Our device, therefore, constitutes a robust alternative to in vivo early-metastasis models for determination of novel metastasis biomarkers as well as evaluation of therapeutically relevant molecular targets not possible in in vivo murine models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Collins
- Hypoxia and Tumour Microenvironment Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
| | - Emily Pyne
- Hypoxia and Tumour Microenvironment Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Christensen
- Lab-on-a-Chip Research Group, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Iles
- Lab-on-a-Chip Research Group, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
| | - Nicole Pamme
- Lab-on-a-Chip Research Group, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
| | - Isabel M. Pires
- Hypoxia and Tumour Microenvironment Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Vollertsen AR, Den SAT, Schwach V, van den Berg A, Passier R, van der Meer AD, Odijk M. Highly parallelized human embryonic stem cell differentiation to cardiac mesoderm in nanoliter chambers on a microfluidic chip. Biomed Microdevices 2021; 23:30. [PMID: 34059973 PMCID: PMC8166733 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-021-00556-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Human stem cell-derived cells and tissues hold considerable potential for applications in regenerative medicine, disease modeling and drug discovery. The generation, culture and differentiation of stem cells in low-volume, automated and parallelized microfluidic chips hold great promise to accelerate the research in this domain. Here, we show that we can differentiate human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) to early cardiac mesodermal cells in microfluidic chambers that have a volume of only 30 nanoliters, using discontinuous medium perfusion. 64 of these chambers were parallelized on a chip which contained integrated valves to spatiotemporally isolate the chambers and automate cell culture medium exchanges. To confirm cell pluripotency, we tracked hESC proliferation and immunostained the cells for pluripotency markers SOX2 and OCT3/4. During differentiation, we investigated the effect of different medium perfusion frequencies on cell reorganization and the expression of the early cardiac mesoderm reporter MESP1mCherry by live-cell imaging. Our study demonstrates that microfluidic technology can be used to automatically culture, differentiate and study hESC in very low-volume culture chambers even without continuous medium perfusion. This result is an important step towards further automation and parallelization in stem cell technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anke R Vollertsen
- BIOS Lab On a Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Max Planck - University of Twente Center for Complex Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.
- Applied Stem Cell Technologies, TechMed Centre, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - Simone A Ten Den
- Applied Stem Cell Technologies, TechMed Centre, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Verena Schwach
- Applied Stem Cell Technologies, TechMed Centre, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Albert van den Berg
- Applied Stem Cell Technologies, TechMed Centre, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Passier
- Applied Stem Cell Technologies, TechMed Centre, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Andries D van der Meer
- Applied Stem Cell Technologies, TechMed Centre, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Mathieu Odijk
- BIOS Lab On a Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Max Planck - University of Twente Center for Complex Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Marcos LF, Wilson SL, Roach P. Tissue engineering of the retina: from organoids to microfluidic chips. J Tissue Eng 2021; 12:20417314211059876. [PMID: 34917332 PMCID: PMC8669127 DOI: 10.1177/20417314211059876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite advancements in tissue engineering, challenges remain for fabricating functional tissues that incorporate essential features including vasculature and complex cellular organisation. Monitoring of engineered tissues also raises difficulties, particularly when cell population maturity is inherent to function. Microfluidic, or lab-on-a-chip, platforms address the complexity issues of conventional 3D models regarding cell numbers and functional connectivity. Regulation of biochemical/biomechanical conditions can create dynamic structures, providing microenvironments that permit tissue formation while quantifying biological processes at a single cell level. Retinal organoids provide relevant cell numbers to mimic in vivo spatiotemporal development, where conventional culture approaches fail. Modern bio-fabrication techniques allow for retinal organoids to be combined with microfluidic devices to create anato-physiologically accurate structures or 'retina-on-a-chip' devices that could revolution ocular sciences. Here we present a focussed review of retinal tissue engineering, examining the challenges and how some of these have been overcome using organoids, microfluidics, and bioprinting technologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis F Marcos
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, UK
| | - Samantha L Wilson
- Centre for Biological Engineering, School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, UK
| | - Paul Roach
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, UK
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Microfluidic and Microscale Assays to Examine Regenerative Strategies in the Neuro Retina. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:mi11121089. [PMID: 33316971 PMCID: PMC7763644 DOI: 10.3390/mi11121089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Bioengineering systems have transformed scientific knowledge of cellular behaviors in the nervous system (NS) and pioneered innovative, regenerative therapies to treat adult neural disorders. Microscale systems with characteristic lengths of single to hundreds of microns have examined the development and specialized behaviors of numerous neuromuscular and neurosensory components of the NS. The visual system is comprised of the eye sensory organ and its connecting pathways to the visual cortex. Significant vision loss arises from dysfunction in the retina, the photosensitive tissue at the eye posterior that achieves phototransduction of light to form images in the brain. Retinal regenerative medicine has embraced microfluidic technologies to manipulate stem-like cells for transplantation therapies, where de/differentiated cells are introduced within adult tissue to replace dysfunctional or damaged neurons. Microfluidic systems coupled with stem cell biology and biomaterials have produced exciting advances to restore vision. The current article reviews contemporary microfluidic technologies and microfluidics-enhanced bioassays, developed to interrogate cellular responses to adult retinal cues. The focus is on applications of microfluidics and microscale assays within mammalian sensory retina, or neuro retina, comprised of five types of retinal neurons (photoreceptors, horizontal, bipolar, amacrine, retinal ganglion) and one neuroglia (Müller), but excludes the non-sensory, retinal pigmented epithelium.
Collapse
|
11
|
Peng Z, Zhou L, Wong JKW, Chan YK. Eye-on-a-chip (EOC) models and their role in the future of ophthalmic drug discovery. EXPERT REVIEW OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/17469899.2020.1788388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiting Peng
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, P.R.China
| | - Liangyu Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Jasper Ka Wai Wong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Yau Kei Chan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
|
13
|
Zhang S, Markey M, Pena CD, Venkatesh T, Vazquez M. A Micro-Optic Stalk (μOS) System to Model the Collective Migration of Retinal Neuroblasts. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:mi11040363. [PMID: 32244321 PMCID: PMC7230939 DOI: 10.3390/mi11040363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Contemporary regenerative therapies have introduced stem-like cells to replace damaged neurons in the visual system by recapitulating critical processes of eye development. The collective migration of neural stem cells is fundamental to retinogenesis and has been exceptionally well-studied using the fruit fly model of Drosophila Melanogaster. However, the migratory behavior of its retinal neuroblasts (RNBs) has been surprisingly understudied, despite being critical to retinal development in this invertebrate model. The current project developed a new microfluidic system to examine the collective migration of RNBs extracted from the developing visual system of Drosophila as a model for the collective motile processes of replacement neural stem cells. The system scales with the microstructure of the Drosophila optic stalk, which is a pre-cursor to the optic nerve, to produce signaling fields spatially comparable to in vivo RNB stimuli. Experiments used the micro-optic stalk system, or μOS, to demonstrate the preferred sizing and directional migration of collective, motile RNB groups in response to changes in exogenous concentrations of fibroblast growth factor (FGF), which is a key factor in development. Our data highlight the importance of cell-to-cell contacts in enabling cell cohesion during collective RNB migration and point to the unexplored synergy of invertebrate cell study and microfluidic platforms to advance regenerative strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University, 4400 Vestal Pkwy E, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA;
| | - Miles Markey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599 Taylor Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA;
| | - Caroline D. Pena
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City College of New York, New York City, NY 10031, USA;
| | - Tadmiri Venkatesh
- Department of Biology, City College of New York, New York City, NY 10031, USA;
| | - Maribel Vazquez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599 Taylor Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA;
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|