1
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Chapeau D, Beekman S, Handula M, Murce E, de Ridder C, Stuurman D, Seimbille Y. eTFC-01: a dual-labeled chelate-bridged tracer for SSTR2-positive tumors. EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem 2024; 9:44. [PMID: 38775990 PMCID: PMC11111636 DOI: 10.1186/s41181-024-00272-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Integrating radioactive and optical imaging techniques can facilitate the prognosis and surgical guidance for cancer patients. Using a single dual-labeled tracer ensures consistency in both imaging modalities. However, developing such molecule is challenging due to the need to preserve the biochemical properties of the tracer while introducing bulky labeling moieties. In our study, we designed a trifunctional chelate that facilitates the coupling of the targeting vector and fluorescent dye at opposite sites to avoid undesired steric hindrance effects. The synthesis of the trifunctional chelate N3-Py-DOTAGA-(tBu)3 (7) involved a five-step synthetic route, followed by conjugation to the linear peptidyl-resin 8 through solid-phase synthesis. After deprotection and cyclization, the near-infrared fluorescent dye sulfo-Cy.5 was introduced using copper free click chemistry, resulting in eTFC-01. Subsequently, eTFC-01 was labeled with [111In]InCl3. In vitro assessments of eTFC-01 binding, uptake, and internalization were conducted in SSTR2-transfected U2OS cells. Ex-vivo biodistribution and fluorescence imaging were performed in H69-tumor bearing mice. RESULTS eTFC-01 demonstrated a two-fold higher IC50 value for SSTR2 compared to the gold standard DOTA-TATE. Labeling of eTFC-01 with [111In]InCl3 gave a high radiochemical yield and purity. The uptake of [111In]In-eTFC-01 in U2OS.SSTR2 cells was two-fold lower than the uptake of [111In]In-DOTA-TATE, consistent with the binding affinity. Tumor uptake in H69-xenografted mice was lower for [111In]In-eTFC-01 at all-time points compared to [111In]In-DOTA-TATE. Prolonged blood circulation led to increased accumulation of [111In]In-eTFC-01 in highly vascularized tissues, such as lungs, skin, and heart. Fluorescence measurements in different organs correlated with the radioactive signal distribution. CONCLUSION The successful synthesis and coupling of the trifunctional chelate to the peptide and fluorescent dye support the potential of this synthetic approach to generate dual labeled tracers. While promising in vitro, the in vivo results obtained with [111In]In-eTFC-01 suggest the need for adjustments to enhance tracer distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan Chapeau
- Erasmus MC, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Savanne Beekman
- Erasmus MC, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maryana Handula
- Erasmus MC, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erika Murce
- Erasmus MC, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Corrina de Ridder
- Erasmus MC, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Debra Stuurman
- Erasmus MC, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yann Seimbille
- Erasmus MC, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
- Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
- TRIUMF, Life Sciences Division, Vancouver, Canada.
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2
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Sengupta S, Pabbaraja S, Mehta G. Natural products from the human microbiome: an emergent frontier in organic synthesis and drug discovery. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:4006-4030. [PMID: 38669195 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00236a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Often referred to as the "second genome", the human microbiome is at the epicenter of complex inter-habitat biochemical networks like the "gut-brain axis", which has emerged as a significant determinant of cognition, overall health and well-being, as well as resistance to antibiotics and susceptibility to diseases. As part of a broader understanding of the nexus between the human microbiome, diseases and microbial interactions, whether encoded secondary metabolites (natural products) play crucial signalling roles has been the subject of intense scrutiny in the recent past. A major focus of these activities involves harvesting the genomic potential of the human microbiome via bioinformatics guided genome mining and culturomics. Through these efforts, an impressive number of structurally intriguing antibiotics, with enhanced chemical diversity vis-à-vis conventional antibiotics have been isolated from human commensal bacteria, thereby generating considerable interest in their total synthesis and expanding their therapeutic space for drug discovery. These developments augur well for the discovery of new drugs and antibiotics, particularly in the context of challenges posed by mycobacterial resistance and emerging new diseases. The current landscape of various synthetic campaigns and drug discovery initiatives on antibacterial natural products from the human microbiome is captured in this review with an intent to stimulate further activities in this interdisciplinary arena among the new generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saumitra Sengupta
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad-500046, India.
- Department of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad-500007, India
| | - Srihari Pabbaraja
- Department of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad-500007, India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Goverdhan Mehta
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad-500046, India.
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3
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Kam A, Loo S, Qiu Y, Liu CF, Tam JP. Ultrafast Biomimetic Oxidative Folding of Cysteine-rich Peptides and Microproteins in Organic Solvents. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202317789. [PMID: 38342764 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202317789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Disulfides in peptides and proteins are essential for maintaining a properly folded structure. Their oxidative folding is invariably performed in an aqueous-buffered solution. However, this process is often slow and can lead to misfolded products. Here, we report a novel concept and strategy that is bio-inspired to mimic protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) by accelerating disulfide exchange rates many thousand-fold. The proposed strategy termed organic oxidative folding is performed under organic solvents to yield correctly folded cysteine-rich microproteins instantaneously without observable misfolded or dead-end products. Compared to conventional aqueous oxidative folding strategies, enormously large rate accelerations up to 113,200-fold were observed. The feasibility and generality of the organic oxidative folding strategy was successfully demonstrated on 15 cysteine-rich microproteins of different hydrophobicity, lengths (14 to 58 residues), and numbers of disulfides (2 to 5 disulfides), producing the native products in a second and in high yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antony Kam
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Wuzhong No.111, Renai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Shining Loo
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
- Wisedom Lake Academy of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Wuzhong No. 111, Renai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Yibo Qiu
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Chuan-Fa Liu
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - James P Tam
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
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4
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A New Regioselective Synthesis of the Cysteine-Rich Peptide Linaclotide. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031007. [PMID: 36770675 PMCID: PMC9919235 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Linaclotide is a 14-amino acid residue peptide approved by the FDA for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C), which activates guanylate cyclase C to accelerate intestinal transit. Here we show a new method for the synthesis of linaclotide through the completely selective formation of three disulfide bonds in satisfactory overall yields via mild oxidation reactions of the solid phase and liquid phase, using 4-methoxytrityl (Mmt), diphenylmethyl (Dpm) and 2-nitrobenzyl (O-NBn) protecting groups of cysteine as substrate, respectively.
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5
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Bacchella C, Gentili S, Mozzi SI, Monzani E, Casella L, Tegoni M, Dell’Acqua S. Role of the Cysteine in R3 Tau Peptide in Copper Binding and Reactivity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810726. [PMID: 36142637 PMCID: PMC9503722 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tau is a widespread neuroprotein that regulates the cytoskeleton assembly. In some neurological disorders, known as tauopathies, tau is dissociated from the microtubule and forms insoluble neurofibrillary tangles. Tau comprises four pseudorepeats (R1-R4), containing one (R1, R2, R4) or two (R3) histidines, that potentially act as metal binding sites. Moreover, Cys291 and Cys322 in R2 and R3, respectively, might have an important role in protein aggregation, through possible disulfide bond formation, and/or affecting the binding and reactivity of redox-active metal ions, as copper. We, therefore, compare the interaction of copper with octadeca-R3-peptide (R3C) and with the mutant containing an alanine residue (R3A) to assess the role of thiol group. Spectrophotometric titrations allow to calculate the formation constant of the copper(I) complexes, showing a remarkable stronger interaction in the case of R3C (l log Kf = 13.4 and 10.5 for copper(I)-R3C and copper(I)-R3A, respectively). We also evaluate the oxidative reactivity associated to these copper complexes in the presence of dopamine and ascorbate. Both R3A and R3C peptides increase the capability of copper to oxidize catechols, but copper-R3C displays a peculiar mechanism due to the presence of cysteine. HPLC-MS analysis shows that cysteine can form disulfide bonds and dopamine-Cys covalent adducts, with potential implication in tau aggregation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Bacchella
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Silvia Gentili
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Sara Ida Mozzi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Enrico Monzani
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Luigi Casella
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Matteo Tegoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Simone Dell’Acqua
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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6
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Bahou C, Chudasama V. The use of bromopyridazinedione derivatives in chemical biology. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:5879-5890. [PMID: 35373804 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00310d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Tools that facilitate the chemical modification of peptides and proteins are gaining an increasing amount of interest across many avenues of chemical biology as they enable a plethora of therapeutic, imaging and diagnostic applications. Cysteine residues and disulfide bonds have been highlighted as appealing targets for modification due to the highly homogenous nature of the products that can be formed through their site-selective modification. Amongst the reagents available for the site-selective modification of cysteine(s)/disulfide(s), pyridazinediones (PDs) have played a particularly important and enabling role. In this review, we outline the unique chemical features that make PDs especially well-suited to cysteine/disulfide modification on a wide variety of proteins and peptides, as well as provide context as to the problems solved (and applications enabled) by this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calise Bahou
- UCL Department of Chemistry, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, UK.
| | - Vijay Chudasama
- UCL Department of Chemistry, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, UK.
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7
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Spears RJ, McMahon C, Shamsabadi M, Bahou C, Thanasi IA, Rochet LNC, Forte N, Thoreau F, Baker JR, Chudasama V. A novel thiol-labile cysteine protecting group for peptide synthesis based on a pyridazinedione (PD) scaffold. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:645-648. [PMID: 34747956 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc03802h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Herein we report a thiol-labile cysteine protecting group based on an unsaturated pyridazinedione (PD) scaffold. We establish compatibility of the PD in conventional solid phase peptide synthesis (SPPS), showcasing this in the on-resin synthesis of biologically relevant oxytocin. Furthermore, we establish the applicability of the PD protecting group towards both microwave-assisted SPPS and native chemical ligation (NCL) in a model system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Spears
- UCL Department of Chemistry, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK.
| | - Clíona McMahon
- UCL Department of Chemistry, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK.
| | - Monika Shamsabadi
- UCL Department of Chemistry, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK.
| | - Calise Bahou
- UCL Department of Chemistry, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK.
| | - Ioanna A Thanasi
- UCL Department of Chemistry, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK.
| | - Léa N C Rochet
- UCL Department of Chemistry, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK.
| | - Nafsika Forte
- UCL Department of Chemistry, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK.
| | - Fabien Thoreau
- UCL Department of Chemistry, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK.
| | - James R Baker
- UCL Department of Chemistry, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK.
| | - Vijay Chudasama
- UCL Department of Chemistry, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK.
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8
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Laps S, Atamleh F, Kamnesky G, Uzi S, Meijler MM, Brik A. Insight on the Order of Regioselective Ultrafast Formation of Disulfide Bonds in (Antimicrobial) Peptides and Miniproteins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:24137-24143. [PMID: 34524726 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202107861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Disulfide-rich peptides and proteins are among the most fascinating bioactive molecules. The difficulties associated with the preparation of these targets have prompted the development of various chemical strategies. Nevertheless, the production of these targets remains very challenging or elusive. Recently, we introduced a strategy for one-pot disulfide bond formation, tackling most of the previous limitations. However, the effect of the order of oxidation remained an underexplored issue. Herein we report on the complete synthetic flexibility of the approach with respect to the order of oxidation of three disulfide bonds in targets that lack the knot motif. In contrast, our study reveals an essential order of disulfide bond formation in the EETI-II knotted miniprotein. This synthetic strategy was applied for the synthesis of novel analogues of the plectasin antimicrobial peptide with enhanced activities against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), a notorious human pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shay Laps
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200008, Israel
| | - Fatima Atamleh
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200008, Israel
| | - Guy Kamnesky
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200008, Israel
| | - Shaked Uzi
- Department of Chemistry and National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, 8410501, Israel
| | - Michael M Meijler
- Department of Chemistry and National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, 8410501, Israel
| | - Ashraf Brik
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200008, Israel
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9
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Laps S, Atamleh F, Kamnesky G, Uzi S, Meijler MM, Brik A. Insight on the Order of Regioselective Ultrafast Formation of Disulfide Bonds in (Antimicrobial) Peptides and Miniproteins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202107861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shay Laps
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry Technion-Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 3200008 Israel
| | - Fatima Atamleh
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry Technion-Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 3200008 Israel
| | - Guy Kamnesky
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry Technion-Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 3200008 Israel
| | - Shaked Uzi
- Department of Chemistry and National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Be'er Sheva 8410501 Israel
| | - Michael M. Meijler
- Department of Chemistry and National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Be'er Sheva 8410501 Israel
| | - Ashraf Brik
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry Technion-Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 3200008 Israel
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10
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Spears RJ, McMahon C, Chudasama V. Cysteine protecting groups: applications in peptide and protein science. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:11098-11155. [PMID: 34605832 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00271f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Protecting group chemistry for the cysteine thiol group has enabled a vast array of peptide and protein chemistry over the last several decades. Increasingly sophisticated strategies for the protection, and subsequent deprotection, of cysteine have been developed, facilitating synthesis of complex disulfide-rich peptides, semisynthesis of proteins, and peptide/protein labelling in vitro and in vivo. In this review, we analyse and discuss the 60+ individual protecting groups reported for cysteine, highlighting their applications in peptide synthesis and protein science.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Clíona McMahon
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Vijay Chudasama
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, UK.
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11
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Braga Emidio N, Tran HNT, Andersson A, Dawson PE, Albericio F, Vetter I, Muttenthaler M. Improving the Gastrointestinal Stability of Linaclotide. J Med Chem 2021; 64:8384-8390. [PMID: 33979161 PMCID: PMC8237258 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
High susceptibility to proteolytic degradation in the gastrointestinal tract limits the therapeutic application of peptide drugs in gastrointestinal disorders. Linaclotide is an orally administered peptide drug for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C) and abdominal pain. Linaclotide is however degraded in the intestinal environment within 1 h, and improvements in gastrointestinal stability might enhance its therapeutic application. We therefore designed and synthesized a series of linaclotide analogues employing a variety of strategic modifications and evaluated their gastrointestinal stability and pharmacological activity at its target receptor guanylate cyclase-C. All analogues had substantial improvements in gastrointestinal half-lives (>8 h vs linaclotide 48 min), and most remained active at low nanomolar concentrations. This work highlights strategic approaches for the development of gut-stable peptides toward the next generation of orally administered peptide drugs for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayara Braga Emidio
- Institute
for Molecular Bioscience, The University
of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Hue N. T. Tran
- Institute
for Molecular Bioscience, The University
of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Asa Andersson
- Institute
for Molecular Bioscience, The University
of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Philip E. Dawson
- Department
of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Fernando Albericio
- CIBER-BBN,
Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine,
and Department of Organic Chemistry, University
of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Irina Vetter
- Institute
for Molecular Bioscience, The University
of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- School
of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Markus Muttenthaler
- Institute
for Molecular Bioscience, The University
of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Institute
of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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12
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Aridoss G, Kim D, Kim JI, Kang JE. Ziconotide (
ω‐conotoxin MVIIA
)—Efficient solid‐phase synthesis of a linear precursor peptide and its strategic native folding. Pept Sci (Hoboken) 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pep2.24223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gopalakrishnan Aridoss
- Peptide Smart Process Department Anygen Co., Ltd Cheongju‐si Chungcheongbuk‐do South Korea
| | - Dong‐Min Kim
- Peptide Smart Process Department Anygen Co., Ltd Cheongju‐si Chungcheongbuk‐do South Korea
| | - Jae Il Kim
- Peptide Smart Process Department Anygen Co., Ltd Cheongju‐si Chungcheongbuk‐do South Korea
| | - Jae Eun Kang
- Peptide Smart Process Department Anygen Co., Ltd Cheongju‐si Chungcheongbuk‐do South Korea
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13
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Kobayashi K, Taguchi A, Cui Y, Shida H, Muguruma K, Takayama K, Taniguchi A, Hayashi Y. “On‐Resin” Disulfide Peptide Synthesis with Methyl 3‐Nitro‐2‐pyridinesulfenate. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202001517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kiyotaka Kobayashi
- Department of Medicinal chemistry School of Pharmacy Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences 1432-1 Horinouchi Hachioji, Tokyo 192–0392 Japan
| | - Akihiro Taguchi
- Department of Medicinal chemistry School of Pharmacy Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences 1432-1 Horinouchi Hachioji, Tokyo 192–0392 Japan
| | - Yan Cui
- Department of Medicinal chemistry School of Pharmacy Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences 1432-1 Horinouchi Hachioji, Tokyo 192–0392 Japan
| | - Hayate Shida
- Department of Medicinal chemistry School of Pharmacy Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences 1432-1 Horinouchi Hachioji, Tokyo 192–0392 Japan
| | - Kyohei Muguruma
- Department of Medicinal chemistry School of Pharmacy Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences 1432-1 Horinouchi Hachioji, Tokyo 192–0392 Japan
| | - Kentaro Takayama
- Department of Medicinal chemistry School of Pharmacy Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences 1432-1 Horinouchi Hachioji, Tokyo 192–0392 Japan
| | - Atsuhiko Taniguchi
- Department of Medicinal chemistry School of Pharmacy Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences 1432-1 Horinouchi Hachioji, Tokyo 192–0392 Japan
| | - Yoshio Hayashi
- Department of Medicinal chemistry School of Pharmacy Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences 1432-1 Horinouchi Hachioji, Tokyo 192–0392 Japan
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14
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Chakraborty A, Sharma A, Albericio F, de la Torre BG. Disulfide-Based Protecting Groups for the Cysteine Side Chain. Org Lett 2020; 22:9644-9647. [PMID: 33232171 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c03705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Two new disulfide-based protecting groups (SIT and MOT) are proposed for Cys thiol in the substitution of StBu, which is often difficult to remove. Both groups are based on a secondary thiol with a branched point in the β-position for an efficient modulation of its lability and/or stability. This unique structure allows them to be fully compatible with Fmoc/tBu SPPS. At the end of the synthesis, these groups are removed in a straightforward manner with dithiothreitol with some H2O.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Chakraborty
- Peptide Science Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Anamika Sharma
- Peptide Science Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa.,KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa
| | - Fernando Albericio
- Peptide Science Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa.,Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER-BBN, Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, and Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Beatriz G de la Torre
- KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa
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15
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He R, Pan J, Mayer JP, Liu F. Stepwise Construction of Disulfides in Peptides. Chembiochem 2020; 21:1101-1111. [PMID: 31886929 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201900717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The disulfide bond plays an important role in biological systems. It defines global conformation, and ultimately the biological activity and stability of the peptide or protein. It is frequently present, singly or multiply, in biologically important peptide hormones and toxins. Numerous disulfide-containing peptides have been approved by the regulatory agencies as marketed drugs. Chemical synthesis is one of the prerequisite tools needed to gain deep insights into the structure-function relationships of these biomolecules. Along with the development of solid-phase peptide synthesis, a number of methods of disulfide construction have been established. This minireview will focus on the regiospecific, stepwise construction of multiple disulfides used in the chemical synthesis of peptides. We intend for this article to serve a reference for peptide chemists conducting complex peptide syntheses and also hope to stimulate the future development of disulfide methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongjun He
- Novo Nordisk Research Center Indianapolis, 5225 Exploration Drive, Indianapolis, IN, 46241, USA
| | - Jia Pan
- Novo Nordisk Research Center China, 20 Life Science Road, Beijing, 102206, P. R. China
| | - John P Mayer
- Department of Molecular, Developmental & Cell Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Fa Liu
- Novo Nordisk Research Center Seattle, 530 Fairview Avenue North, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
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16
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Pham MV, Bergeron-Brlek M, Heinis C. Synthesis of DNA-Encoded Disulfide- and Thioether-Cyclized Peptides. Chembiochem 2019; 21:543-549. [PMID: 31381227 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201900390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
DNA-encoded chemical library technologies enable the screening of large combinatorial libraries of chemically and structurally diverse molecules, including short cyclic peptides. A challenge in the combinatorial synthesis of cyclic peptides is the final step, the cyclization of linear peptides that typically suffers from incomplete reactions and large variability between substrates. Several efficient peptide cyclization strategies rely on the modification of thiol groups, such as the formation of disulfide or thioether bonds between cysteines. In this work, we established a strategy and reaction conditions for the efficient chemical synthesis of cyclic peptide-DNA conjugates based on linking the side chains of cysteines. We tested two different thiol-protecting groups and found that tert-butylthio (S-tBu) works best for incorporating a pair of cysteines, and we show that the DNA-linked peptides can be efficiently cyclized through disulfide and thioether bond formation. In combination with established procedures for DNA encoding, the strategy for incorporation of cysteines may be readily applied for the generation and screening of disulfide- and thioether-cyclized peptide libraries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manh V Pham
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fedérale de Lausanne, CH A3 398, Station 6, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Milan Bergeron-Brlek
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fedérale de Lausanne, CH A3 398, Station 6, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christian Heinis
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fedérale de Lausanne, CH A3 398, Station 6, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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17
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Ikegami T. Hydrophilic interaction chromatography for the analysis of biopharmaceutical drugs and therapeutic peptides: A review based on the separation characteristics of the hydrophilic interaction chromatography phases. J Sep Sci 2019; 42:130-213. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201801074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Revised: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tohru Ikegami
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering; Kyoto Institute of Technology; Kyoto Japan
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Pharmaceutical (Bio-) Analysis; Eberhard-Karls Universität Tübingen; Tübingen Germany
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18
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Kondasinghe TD, Saraha HY, Jackowski ST, Stockdill JL. Raising the Bar On-Bead: Efficient On-Resin Synthesis of α-Conotoxin LvIA. Tetrahedron Lett 2019; 60:23-28. [PMID: 31564757 PMCID: PMC6764457 DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2018.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
α4/7-Conotoxin LvIA is an isoform-selective inhibitor of the α3β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. An efficient strategy for the synthesis of this toxin is critical to advancing its utility as a probe for receptor function and as a potential pharmaceutical lead target. On-resin methods for peptide synthesis offer potential synthetic advantages; however, strategies for on-resin formation of multiple disulfides have historically been low-yielding. Here, we harness the reactivity of the Allocam protecting group and employ 3-amino acid spacer strategy to synthesize α4/7-conotoxin LvIA via three different on-resin strategies, each of which results in an isolated yield higher than prior fully on-resin approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hasina Y. Saraha
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202
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19
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Schäfer O, Barz M. Of Thiols and Disulfides: Methods for Chemoselective Formation of Asymmetric Disulfides in Synthetic Peptides and Polymers. Chemistry 2018; 24:12131-12142. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201800681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Schäfer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz; Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Matthias Barz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz; Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Germany
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20
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Chen C, Gao S, Qu Q, Mi P, Tao A, Li YM. Chemical synthesis and structural analysis of guanylate cyclase C agonist linaclotide. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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21
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Mbundi L, Meikle ST, Busquets R, Dowell NG, Cercignani M, Santin M. Gadolinium Tagged Osteoprotegerin-Mimicking Peptide: A Novel Magnetic Resonance Imaging Biospecific Contrast Agent for the Inhibition of Osteoclastogenesis and Osteoclast Activity. NANOMATERIALS 2018; 8:nano8060399. [PMID: 29865247 PMCID: PMC6027169 DOI: 10.3390/nano8060399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The control of osteoblast/osteoclast cross-talk is crucial in the bone remodelling process and provides a target mechanism in the development of drugs for bone metabolic diseases. Osteoprotegerin is a key molecule in this biosignalling pathway as it inhibits osteoclastogenesis and osteoclast activation to prevent run-away bone resorption. This work reports the synthesis of a known osteoprotegerin peptide analogue, YCEIEFCYLIR (OP3-4), and its tagging with a gadolinium chelate, a standard contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging. The resulting contrast agent allows the simultaneous imaging and treatment of metabolic bone diseases. The gadolinium-tagged peptide was successfully synthesised, showing unaltered magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent properties, a lack of cytotoxicity, and dose-dependent inhibition of osteoclastogenesis in vitro. These findings pave the way toward the development of biospecific and bioactive contrast agents for the early diagnosis, treatment, and follow up of metabolic bone diseases such as osteoporosis and osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubinda Mbundi
- Department of Surgical Research, Northwick Park Institute for Medical Research, University College London (UCL), Northwick Park & St Marks Hospitals, Watford Road, Harrow, Middlesex HA1 3UJ, UK.
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Devices, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Huxley Building, Lewes Road, Brighton BN2 4GJ, UK.
| | - Steve T Meikle
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Devices, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Huxley Building, Lewes Road, Brighton BN2 4GJ, UK.
| | - Rosa Busquets
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Computing, Penrhyn Road, Kingston University, Kingston Upon Thames KT1 2EE, UK.
| | - Nicholas G Dowell
- Clinical Imaging and Science Centre (CISC), Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Devices, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Lewes Road, Brighton BN1 9RR, UK.
| | - Mara Cercignani
- Clinical Imaging and Science Centre (CISC), Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Devices, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Lewes Road, Brighton BN1 9RR, UK.
| | - Matteo Santin
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Devices, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Huxley Building, Lewes Road, Brighton BN2 4GJ, UK.
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22
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Fretzen A. Peptide therapeutics for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:2863-2872. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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23
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Deng L, Xue X, Shen C, Song X, Wang C, Wang N. Insulin chains as efficient fusion tags for prokaryotic expression of short peptides. Protein Expr Purif 2017; 138:46-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2017.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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24
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Jia F, Wang J, Peng J, Zhao P, Kong Z, Wang K, Yan W, Wang R. D-amino acid substitution enhances the stability of antimicrobial peptide polybia-CP. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2017; 49:916-925. [PMID: 28981608 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmx091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
With the increasing emergence of resistant microbes toward conventional antimicrobial agents, there is an urgent need for the development of antimicrobial agents with novel action mode. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are believed to be one kind of ideal alternatives. However, AMPs can be easily degraded by protease, which limited their therapeutic use. In the present study, D-amino acid substitution strategy was employed to enhance the stability of polybia-CP. We investigated the stability of peptides against the degradation of trypsin and chymotrypsin by determining the antimicrobial activity or determining the HPLC profile of peptides after incubation with proteases. Our results showed that both the all D-amino acid derivative (D-CP) and partial D-lysine substitution derivative (D-lys-CP) have an improved stability against trypsin and chymotrypsin. Although D-CP takes left-hand α-helical conformation and D-lys-CP loses some α-helical content, both of the D-amino acid-substituted derivatives maintain their parental peptides' membrane active action mode. In addition, D-lys-CP showed a slight weaker antimicrobial activity than polybia-CP, but the hemolytic activity decreased greatly. These results suggest that D-CP and D-lys-CP can offer strategy to improve the property of AMPs and may be leading compounds for the development of novel antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengjing Jia
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jiayi Wang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jinxiu Peng
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Ping Zhao
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Ziqing Kong
- Institute of Food Safety, State Key Laboratory Base of Food Quality and Safety, Ministry of Science and Technology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Kairong Wang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Wenjin Yan
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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25
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Kondasinghe TD, Saraha HY, Odeesho SB, Stockdill JL. Direct palladium-mediated on-resin disulfide formation from Allocam protected peptides. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:2914-2918. [PMID: 28327729 PMCID: PMC5475270 DOI: 10.1039/c7ob00536a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of disulfide-containing polypeptides represents a long-standing challenge in peptide chemistry, and broadly applicable methods for the construction of disulfides are in constant demand. Few strategies exist for on-resin formation of disulfides directly from their protected counterparts. We present herein a novel strategy for the on-resin construction of disulfides directly from Allocam-protected cysteines. Our palladium-mediated approach is mild and uses readily available reagents, requiring no special equipment. No reduced peptide intermediates or S-allylated products are observed, and no residual palladium can be detected in the final products. The utility of this method is demonstrated through the synthesis of the C-carboxy analog of oxytocin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hasina Y Saraha
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
| | - Samantha B Odeesho
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
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26
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Zheng Y, Li Z, Ren J, Liu W, Wu Y, Zhao Y, Wu C. Artificial disulfide-rich peptide scaffolds with precisely defined disulfide patterns and a minimized number of isomers. Chem Sci 2017; 8:2547-2552. [PMID: 28553486 PMCID: PMC5431680 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc05710a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Disulfide-rich peptides are emerging as potential templates for drug design applications. However, the synthesis and reengineering of disulfide-rich peptides are challenging, owing to the complexity of the oxidative folding process involving a number of diverse isomeric structures. Novel disulfide-rich peptide scaffolds that are not besieged by their disulfide isomers are still greatly desired. In this work, we report the design and synthesis of a novel class of artificial disulfide-rich peptide scaffolds with precisely defined disulfide patterns and a minimized number of isomers. In theory, natural peptides with three disulfide bonds have 15 possible isomers. By rationally engineering the thiol-framework of a peptide containing six cysteines with penicillamines and a dithiol amino acid, we demonstrated, for the first time, that the total number of isomers formed after oxidative folding can be decreased to a minimum of two (i.e., from 15 to 2). As fewer isomeric folds are involved in the oxidative folding, the pathway of the folding becomes more concise and the yield of the artificial scaffolds is substantially increased compared to that of its six-cysteine-containing analogue, which makes the artificial disulfide-rich scaffolds (with only 2 predefined isomeric folds) extremely promising for being exploited as structurally complex templates for the design of peptide therapeutics and ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwu Zheng
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation , State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces , Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials , Department of Chemistry , College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen , 361005 , P.R. China .
| | - Zhuoru Li
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation , State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces , Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials , Department of Chemistry , College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen , 361005 , P.R. China .
| | - Jing Ren
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation , State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces , Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials , Department of Chemistry , College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen , 361005 , P.R. China .
| | - Weidong Liu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation , State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces , Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials , Department of Chemistry , College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen , 361005 , P.R. China .
| | - Yaqi Wu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation , State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces , Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials , Department of Chemistry , College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen , 361005 , P.R. China .
| | - Yibing Zhao
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation , State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces , Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials , Department of Chemistry , College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen , 361005 , P.R. China .
| | - Chuanliu Wu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation , State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces , Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials , Department of Chemistry , College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen , 361005 , P.R. China .
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27
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Wu F, Mayer JP, Gelfanov VM, Liu F, DiMarchi RD. Synthesis of Four-Disulfide Insulin Analogs via Sequential Disulfide Bond Formation. J Org Chem 2017; 82:3506-3512. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b03078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fangzhou Wu
- Department
of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - John P. Mayer
- Novo Nordisk
Research
Center Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46241, United States
| | - Vasily M. Gelfanov
- Novo Nordisk
Research
Center Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46241, United States
| | - Fa Liu
- Novo Nordisk
Research
Center Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46241, United States
| | - Richard D. DiMarchi
- Department
of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
- Novo Nordisk
Research
Center Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46241, United States
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28
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Wu LC, Chen F, Lee SL, Raw A, Yu LX. Building parity between brand and generic peptide products: Regulatory and scientific considerations for quality of synthetic peptides. Int J Pharm 2017; 518:320-334. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.12.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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29
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Wu F, Mayer JP, Zaykov AN, Zhang F, Liu F, DiMarchi RD. Chemical Synthesis of Human Insulin-Like Peptide-6. Chemistry 2016; 22:9777-83. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201601410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fangzhou Wu
- Department of Chemistry; Indiana University Bloomington; 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue Bloomington Indiana 47405 USA
| | - John P. Mayer
- Department of Chemistry; Indiana University Bloomington; 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue Bloomington Indiana 47405 USA
| | - Alexander N. Zaykov
- Department of Chemistry; Indiana University Bloomington; 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue Bloomington Indiana 47405 USA
| | - Fa Zhang
- Department of Chemistry; Indiana University Bloomington; 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue Bloomington Indiana 47405 USA
| | - Fa Liu
- Novo Nordisk Research Center Indianapolis; 5225 Exploration Drive Indianapolis Indiana 46241 USA
| | - Richard D. DiMarchi
- Department of Chemistry; Indiana University Bloomington; 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue Bloomington Indiana 47405 USA
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30
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Zheng Y, Zhai L, Zhao Y, Wu C. Orthogonal Cysteine–Penicillamine Disulfide Pairing for Directing the Oxidative Folding of Peptides. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:15094-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b10779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yiwu Zheng
- The MOE Key Laboratory of
Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, State Key Laboratory
of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry,
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Linxiang Zhai
- The MOE Key Laboratory of
Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, State Key Laboratory
of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry,
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Yibing Zhao
- The MOE Key Laboratory of
Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, State Key Laboratory
of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry,
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Chuanliu Wu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of
Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, State Key Laboratory
of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry,
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
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31
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Guo Y, Sun DM, Wang FL, He Y, Liu L, Tian CL. Diaminodiacid Bridges to Improve Folding and Tune the Bioactivity of Disulfide-Rich Peptides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201500699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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32
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Guo Y, Sun D, Wang F, He Y, Liu L, Tian C. Diaminodiacid Bridges to Improve Folding and Tune the Bioactivity of Disulfide‐Rich Peptides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:14276-81. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201500699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2015] [Revised: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ye Guo
- Tsinghua‐Peking Center for Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084 (China)
| | - De‐Meng Sun
- Tsinghua‐Peking Center for Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084 (China)
| | - Feng‐Liang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026 (China)
| | - Yao He
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China and High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230027 (China)
| | - Lei Liu
- Tsinghua‐Peking Center for Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084 (China)
| | - Chang‐Lin Tian
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China and High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230027 (China)
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33
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Upert G, Mourier G, Pastor A, Verdenaud M, Alili D, Servent D, Gilles N. High-throughput production of two disulphide-bridge toxins. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 50:8408-11. [PMID: 24947561 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc02679a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A quick and efficient production method compatible with high-throughput screening was developed using 36 toxins belonging to four different families of two disulphide-bridge toxins. Final toxins were characterized using HPLC co-elution, CD and pharmacological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grégory Upert
- CEA, DSV, iBiTec-S, Service d'Ingénierie Moléculaire des Protéines (SIMOPRO), CEA Saclay, Gif sur Yvette F-91191, France.
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34
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Mochizuki M, Tsuda S, Tanimura K, Nishiuchi Y. Regioselective Formation of Multiple Disulfide Bonds with the Aid of Postsynthetic S-Tritylation. Org Lett 2015; 17:2202-5. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b00786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Shugo Tsuda
- Peptide Institute, Inc., Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
| | | | - Yuji Nishiuchi
- Peptide Institute, Inc., Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
- Graduate
School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
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35
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Murray JK, Ligutti J, Liu D, Zou A, Poppe L, Li H, Andrews KL, Moyer BD, McDonough SI, Favreau P, Stöcklin R, Miranda LP. Engineering Potent and Selective Analogues of GpTx-1, a Tarantula Venom Peptide Antagonist of the NaV1.7 Sodium Channel. J Med Chem 2015; 58:2299-314. [DOI: 10.1021/jm501765v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Philippe Favreau
- Atheris Laboratories, Case Postale
314, CH-1233 Bernex, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Reto Stöcklin
- Atheris Laboratories, Case Postale
314, CH-1233 Bernex, Geneva, Switzerland
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36
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Kotamraju VR, Sharma S, Kolhar P, Agemy L, Pavlovich J, Ruoslahti E. Increasing Tumor Accessibility with Conjugatable Disulfide-Bridged Tumor-Penetrating Peptides for Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment. BREAST CANCER-BASIC AND CLINICAL RESEARCH 2015; 9:79-87. [PMID: 27385913 PMCID: PMC4924884 DOI: 10.4137/bcbcr.s29426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Revised: 11/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Tumor-homing peptides with tissue-penetrating properties increase the efficacy of targeted cancer therapy by delivering an anticancer agent to the tumor interior. LyP-1 (CGNKRTRGC) and iRGD (CRGDKGPDC) are founding members of this class of peptides. The presence of the cysteines forming the cyclizing disulfide bond complicates conjugation of these peptides with other molecules, such as drugs. Here, we report the synthesis of conjugatable disulfide-bridged peptides and their conjugation to biologically important molecules. We have synthesized the LyP-1, iRGD, and CRGDC (GACRGDCLGA) peptides with a cysteine or maleimidohexanoic acid added externally at N-terminus of the sequences. Subsequent conjugation to payloads yielded stable compounds in which the tumor-homing properties of the peptide and the biological activity of the payload were retained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkata Ramana Kotamraju
- Cancer Research Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.; Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Center for Nanomedicine, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Shweta Sharma
- Cancer Research Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Poornima Kolhar
- Department of Biomolecular Science and Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Lilach Agemy
- Department of Plant Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - James Pavlovich
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Erkki Ruoslahti
- Cancer Research Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.; Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Center for Nanomedicine, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
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37
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Alvarez CA, Guzmán F, Cárdenas C, Marshall SH, Mercado L. Antimicrobial activity of trout hepcidin. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 41:93-101. [PMID: 24794583 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2014.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Revised: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Hepcidin is an antimicrobial peptide and a hormone produced mostly the liver. It is a cysteine-rich peptide with a highly conserved β-sheet structure. Recently, we described the hepcidin expression in liver of rainbow trout and its inducibility by iron overloading and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Thus, in this work, we focused in analyzing the importance of the peptide conformation associated to its oxidative state in the antimicrobial activity. This peptide showed a α-helix conformation in reduced state and the characteristic β-sheet conformation in the oxidized state. Antimicrobial activity assays showed that the oxidized peptide is more effective than the reduced peptide against Escherichia coli and the important salmon fish pathogen Piscirickettsia salmonis. In addition, confocal analysis of P. salmonis culture exposed to trout hepcidin coupled with rhodamine revealed the intracellular location of this peptide and Sytox permeation assay showed that membrane disruption is not the mechanism of its antimicrobial action. Moreover, a conserved ATCUN motif was detected in the N-terminus of this peptide. This sequence has been described as a small metal-binding site that has been implicated in DNA cleavage. In this work we proved that this peptide is able to induce DNA hydrolysis in the presence of ascorbate and CuCl2. When the same experiments were carried out using a variant with truncated N-terminus no DNA hydrolysis was observed. Our results suggest that correct folding of hepcidin is required for its antimicrobial activity and most likely the metal-binding site (ATCUN motif) present in its N-terminus is involved in the oxidative damage to macromolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio A Alvarez
- Grupo de Marcadores Inmunológicos, Laboratorio de Genética e Inmunología Molecular, Instituto de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile; Programa de Doctorado en Biotecnología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso/Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaíso, Chile.
| | - Fanny Guzmán
- Núcleo Biotecnológico de Curauma (NBC), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile; Fraunhofer Chile Research Foundation, Center For Systems Biotechnology Avenida M. Sánchez Fontecilla 310, Piso 14. Las Condes Santiago, Chile.
| | - Constanza Cárdenas
- Núcleo Biotecnológico de Curauma (NBC), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile; Fraunhofer Chile Research Foundation, Center For Systems Biotechnology Avenida M. Sánchez Fontecilla 310, Piso 14. Las Condes Santiago, Chile.
| | - Sergio H Marshall
- Grupo de Marcadores Inmunológicos, Laboratorio de Genética e Inmunología Molecular, Instituto de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile; Núcleo Biotecnológico de Curauma (NBC), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile; Fraunhofer Chile Research Foundation, Center For Systems Biotechnology Avenida M. Sánchez Fontecilla 310, Piso 14. Las Condes Santiago, Chile.
| | - Luis Mercado
- Grupo de Marcadores Inmunológicos, Laboratorio de Genética e Inmunología Molecular, Instituto de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile; Núcleo Biotecnológico de Curauma (NBC), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile.
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39
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Stathopoulos P, Papas S, Sakka M, Tzakos AG, Tsikaris V. A rapid and efficient method for the synthesis of selectively S-Trt or S-Mmt protected Cys-containing peptides. Amino Acids 2014; 46:1367-76. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-014-1696-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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40
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Dekan Z, Mobli M, Pennington MW, Fung E, Nemeth E, Alewood PF. Total Synthesis of Human Hepcidin through Regioselective Disulfide-Bond Formation by using the Safety-Catch Cysteine Protecting Group 4,4′-Dimethylsulfinylbenzhydryl. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201310103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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41
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Dekan Z, Mobli M, Pennington MW, Fung E, Nemeth E, Alewood PF. Total Synthesis of Human Hepcidin through Regioselective Disulfide-Bond Formation by using the Safety-Catch Cysteine Protecting Group 4,4′-Dimethylsulfinylbenzhydryl. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:2931-4. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201310103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Revised: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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42
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Góngora-Benítez M, Tulla-Puche J, Albericio F. Multifaceted Roles of Disulfide Bonds. Peptides as Therapeutics. Chem Rev 2013; 114:901-26. [DOI: 10.1021/cr400031z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 388] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Góngora-Benítez
- Institute
for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, 08028 Spain
- CIBER-BBN, Barcelona Science
Park, Barcelona, 08028 Spain
| | - Judit Tulla-Puche
- Institute
for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, 08028 Spain
- CIBER-BBN, Barcelona Science
Park, Barcelona, 08028 Spain
| | - Fernando Albericio
- Institute
for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, 08028 Spain
- CIBER-BBN, Barcelona Science
Park, Barcelona, 08028 Spain
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, 08028 Spain
- School of Chemistry & Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, 4001 Durban, South Africa
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Postma TM, Giraud M, Albericio F. Trimethoxyphenylthio as a Highly Labile Replacement for tert-Butylthio Cysteine Protection in Fmoc Solid Phase Synthesis. Org Lett 2012; 14:5468-71. [DOI: 10.1021/ol3025499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias M. Postma
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona, 08028, Spain, CIBER-BBN, 08028-Barcelona, Spain, Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain, Lonza Ltd., Visp, VS 3930, Switzerland, and School of Chemistry, University of KwaZulu Natal, 4001-Durban, South Africa
| | - Matthieu Giraud
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona, 08028, Spain, CIBER-BBN, 08028-Barcelona, Spain, Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain, Lonza Ltd., Visp, VS 3930, Switzerland, and School of Chemistry, University of KwaZulu Natal, 4001-Durban, South Africa
| | - Fernando Albericio
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona, 08028, Spain, CIBER-BBN, 08028-Barcelona, Spain, Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain, Lonza Ltd., Visp, VS 3930, Switzerland, and School of Chemistry, University of KwaZulu Natal, 4001-Durban, South Africa
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Ibrahim TS, Tala SR, El-Feky SA, Abdel-Samii ZK, Katritzky AR. Cysteinoyl- and Cysteine-containing Dipeptidoylbenzotriazoles with Free Sulfhydryl Groups: Easy Access to N-terminal and Internal Cysteine Peptides. Chem Biol Drug Des 2012; 80:194-202. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0285.2011.01303.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Contrasting effects of linaclotide and lubiprostone on restitution of epithelial cell barrier properties and cellular homeostasis after exposure to cell stressors. BMC Pharmacol 2012; 12:3. [PMID: 22553939 PMCID: PMC3403872 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2210-12-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2011] [Accepted: 05/03/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Linaclotide has been proposed as a treatment for the same gastrointestinal indications for which lubiprostone has been approved, chronic idiopathic constipation and irritable bowel syndrome with constipation. Stressors damage the epithelial cell barrier and cellular homeostasis leading to loss of these functions. Effects of active linaclotide on repair of barrier and cell function in pig jejunum after ischemia and in T84 cells after treatment with proinflammatory cytokines, interferon-γ and tumor necrosis factor-α were examined. Comparison with effects of lubiprostone, known to promote repair of barrier function was carried out. RESULTS In ischemia-damaged pig jejunum, using measurements of transepithelial resistance, (3)H-mannitol fluxes, short-circuit current (Cl(-) secretion) and occludin localization, active linaclotide failed to effectively promote repair of the epithelial barrier or recovery of short-circuit current, whereas lubiprostone promoted barrier repair and increased short-circuit current. In control pig jejunum, 1 μM linaclotide and 1 μM lubiprostone both caused similar increases in short-circuit current (Cl(-) secretion). In T84 cells, using measurements of transepithelial resistance, fluxes of fluorescent macromolecules, occludin and mitochondrial membrane potential, active linaclotide was virtually ineffective against damage caused by interferon-γ and tumor necrosis factor-α, while lubiprostone protected or promoted repair of epithelial barrier and cell function. Barrier protection/repair by lubiprostone was inhibited by methadone, a ClC-2 inhibitor. Linaclotide, but not lubiprostone increased [cGMP]i as expected and [Ca(2+)]i and linaclotide depolarized while lubiprostone hyperpolarized the T84 plasma membrane potential suggesting that lubiprostone may lead to greater cellular stability compared to linaclotide. In T84 cells, as found with linaclotide but not with lubiprostone, transepithelial resistance was slightly but significantly decreased by guanylin, STa and 8-bromo cGMP and fluorescent dextran fluxes were increased by guanylin. However the physiological implications of these small but statistically significant changes remain unclear. CONCLUSIONS Considering the physiological importance of epithelial barrier function and cell integrity and the known impact of stressors, the finding that lubiprostone, but not active linaclotide, exhibits the additional distinct property of effective protection or repair of the epithelial barrier and cell function after stress suggests potential clinical importance for patients with impaired or compromised barrier function such as might occur in IBS.
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Friligou I, Papadimitriou E, Gatos D, Matsoukas J, Tselios T. Microwave-assisted solid-phase peptide synthesis of the 60-110 domain of human pleiotrophin on 2-chlorotrityl resin. Amino Acids 2010; 40:1431-40. [PMID: 20872260 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-010-0753-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2010] [Accepted: 09/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A fast and efficient microwave-assisted solid phase peptide synthesis (MW-SPPS) of a 51mer peptide, the main heparin-binding site (60-110) of human pleiotrophin (hPTN), using 2-chlorotrityl chloride resin (CLTR-Cl) following the 9-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl/tert-butyl (Fmoc/tBu) methodology and with the standard N,N'-diisopropylcarbodiimide/1-hydroxybenzotriazole (DIC/HOBt) coupling reagents, is described. An MW-SPPS protocol was for the first time successfully applied to the acid labile CLTR-Cl for the faster synthesis of long peptides (51mer peptide) and with an enhanced purity in comparison to conventional SPPS protocols. The synthesis of such long peptides is not trivial and it is generally achieved by recombinant techniques. The desired linear peptide was obtained in only 30 h of total processing time and in 51% crude yield, in which 60% was the purified product obtained with 99.4% purity. The synthesized peptide was purified by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) and identified by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). Then, the regioselective formation of the two disulfide bridges of hPTN 60-110 was successfully achieved by a two-step procedure, involving an oxidative folding step in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) to form the Cys(77)-Cys(109) bond, followed by iodine oxidation to form the Cys(67)-Cys(99) bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Friligou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, 265 04, Patras, Greece
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