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Mumtaz SM, Khan MA, Jamal A, Hattiwale SH, Parvez S. Toxin-derived peptides: An unconventional approach to alleviating cerebral stroke burden and neurobehavioral impairments. Life Sci 2024; 351:122777. [PMID: 38851419 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Cerebral stroke is a pressing global health concern, ranking as the second leading cause of mortality and resulting in persistent neurobehavioral impairments. Cerebral strokes, triggered by various embolic events, initiate complex signaling pathways involving neuroexcitotoxicity, ionic imbalances, inflammation, oxidative stress, acidosis, and mitochondrial dysfunction, leading to programmed cell death. Currently, the FDA has approved tissue plasminogen activator as a relatively benign intervention for cerebral stroke, leaving a significant treatment gap. However, a promising avenue has emerged from Earth's toxic creatures. Animal venoms harbor bioactive molecules, particularly neuropeptides, with potential in innovative healthcare applications. These venomous components, affecting ion channels, receptors, and transporters, encompass neurochemicals, amino acids, and peptides, making them prime candidates for treating cerebral ischemia and neurological disorders. This review explores the composition, applications, and significance of toxin-derived peptides as viable therapeutic agents. It also investigates diverse toxins from select venomous creatures, with the primary objective of shedding light on current stroke treatments and paving the way for pioneering therapeutic strategies capable of addressing neurobehavioral deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayed Md Mumtaz
- Department of Toxicology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Mohammad Ahmed Khan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Azfar Jamal
- Department of Biology, College of Science Al-Zulfi, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia; Health and Basic Science Research Centre, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaheenkousar H Hattiwale
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suhel Parvez
- Department of Toxicology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India.
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2
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Borges A, Lomonte B. Proteomic analysis and lethality of the venom of Aegaeobuthus nigrocinctus, a scorpion of medical significance in the Middle East. Acta Trop 2024; 255:107230. [PMID: 38714240 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
The scorpion Aegaeobuthus nigrocinctus inhabits areas in Turkey and the Levant region of the Middle East where severe/lethal envenomings have been reported. Previous research indicated its extreme venom lethality to vertebrates and distinct envenomation syndrome. We report on the composition of A. nigrocinctus venom from Lebanese specimens using nESI-MS/MS, MALDI-TOF MS, SDS-PAGE and RP-HPLC. Venom lethality in mice was also assessed (LD50 = 1.05 (0.19-1.91) mg/kg, i.p), confirming A. nigrocinctus venom toxicity from Levantine populations. Forty-seven peaks were resolved using RP-HPLC, 25 of which eluted between 20 and 40 % acetonitrile. In reducing SDS-PAGE, most predominant components were <10 kDa, with minor components at higher molecular masses of 19.6, 26.1, 46.3 and 57.7 kDa. MALDI-TOF venom fingerprinting detected 20 components within the 1,000-12,000 m/z range. Whole venom 'shotgun' bottom-up nLC-MS/MS approach, combined with in-gel tryptic digestion of SDS-PAGE bands, identified at least 67 different components belonging to 15 venom families, with ion channel-active components (K+ toxins (23); Na+ toxins (20); Cl- toxins (2)) being predominant. The sequence of a peptide (named α-KTx9.13) ortholog to Leiurus hebraeus putative α-KTx9.3 toxin was fully determined, which exhibited 81-96 % identity to other members of the α-KTx9 subfamily targeting Kv1.x and Ca2+-activated K+ channels. Chlorotoxin-like peptides were also identified. Our study underscores the medical significance of A. nigrocinctus in the region and reveals the potential value of its venom components as lead templates for biomedical applications. Future work should address whether available antivenoms in the Middle East are effective against A. nigrocinctus envenoming in the Levant area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adolfo Borges
- Centro para el Desarrollo de la Investigación Científica, Manduvirá 635, Asunción, 1255, Paraguay; Instituto de Medicina Experimental, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, 50587, Venezuela.
| | - Bruno Lomonte
- Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, 11501, Costa Rica
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Mondal A, Kang J, Kim D. Recent Progress in Fluorescent Probes for Real-Time Monitoring of Glioblastoma. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:3484-3503. [PMID: 36917648 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Treating glioblastoma (GBM) by resecting to a large extent can prolong a patient's survival by controlling the tumor cells, but excessive resection may produce postoperative complications by perturbing the brain structures. Therefore, various imaging procedures have been employed to successfully diagnose and resect with utmost caution and to protect vital structural or functional features. Fluorescence tagging is generally used as an intraoperative imaging technique in glioma cells in collaboration with other surgical tools such as MRI and navigation methods. However, the existing fluorescent probes may have several limitations, including poor selectivity, less photostability, false signals, and intraoperative re-administration when used in clinical and preclinical studies for glioma surgery. The involvement of smart fluorogenic materials, specifically fluorescent dyes, and biomarker-amended cell-penetrable fluorescent probes have noteworthy advantages for precise glioma imaging. This review outlines the contemporary advancements of fluorescent probes for imaging glioma cells along with their challenges and visions, with the anticipation to develop next-generation smart glioblastoma detection modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amita Mondal
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisoo Kang
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, South Korea
| | - Dokyoung Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, South Korea
- Center for Converging Humanities, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Center for Bioreaction to Reactive Oxygen Species and Biomedical Science Institute, Core Research Institute (CRI), Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Materials Research Science and Engineering Center, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Center for Brain Technology, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- KHU-KIST Department of Converging Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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Rehman S, Brennan PM, Lilienkampf A, Bradley M. Approved and investigational fluorescent optical imaging agents for disease detection in surgery. Int J Surg 2023; 109:2378-2387. [PMID: 37195806 PMCID: PMC10442106 DOI: 10.1097/js9.0000000000000459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent optical imaging is becoming an increasingly attractive imaging tool that physicians can utilise as it can detect previously 'unseen' changes in tissue at a cellular level that are consistent with disease. This is possible using a range of fluorescently labelled imaging agents that, once excited by specific wavelengths of light, can illuminate damaged and diseased tissues. For surgeons, such agents can permit dynamic, intraoperative imaging providing a real-time guide as they resect diseased tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul M. Brennan
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Boltman T, Meyer M, Ekpo O. Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approaches for Glioblastoma and Neuroblastoma Cancers Using Chlorotoxin Nanoparticles. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3388. [PMID: 37444498 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15133388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GB) and high-risk neuroblastoma (NB) are known to have poor therapeutic outcomes. As for most cancers, chemotherapy and radiotherapy are the current mainstay treatments for GB and NB. However, the known limitations of systemic toxicity, drug resistance, poor targeted delivery, and inability to access the blood-brain barrier (BBB), make these treatments less satisfactory. Other treatment options have been investigated in many studies in the literature, especially nutraceutical and naturopathic products, most of which have also been reported to be poorly effective against these cancer types. This necessitates the development of treatment strategies with the potential to cross the BBB and specifically target cancer cells. Compounds that target the endopeptidase, matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2), have been reported to offer therapeutic insights for GB and NB since MMP-2 is known to be over-expressed in these cancers and plays significant roles in such physiological processes as angiogenesis, metastasis, and cellular invasion. Chlorotoxin (CTX) is a promising 36-amino acid peptide isolated from the venom of the deathstalker scorpion, Leiurus quinquestriatus, demonstrating high selectivity and binding affinity to a broad-spectrum of cancers, especially GB and NB through specific molecular targets, including MMP-2. The favorable characteristics of nanoparticles (NPs) such as their small sizes, large surface area for active targeting, BBB permeability, etc. make CTX-functionalized NPs (CTX-NPs) promising diagnostic and therapeutic applications for addressing the many challenges associated with these cancers. CTX-NPs may function by improving diffusion through the BBB, enabling increased localization of chemotherapeutic and genotherapeutic drugs to diseased cells specifically, enhancing imaging modalities such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), optical imaging techniques, image-guided surgery, as well as improving the sensitization of radio-resistant cells to radiotherapy treatment. This review discusses the characteristics of GB and NB cancers, related treatment challenges as well as the potential of CTX and its functionalized NP formulations as targeting systems for diagnostic, therapeutic, and theranostic purposes. It also provides insights into the potential mechanisms through which CTX crosses the BBB to bind cancer cells and provides suggestions for the development and application of novel CTX-based formulations for the diagnosis and treatment of GB and NB in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taahirah Boltman
- Department of Medical Biosciences, University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville, Cape Town 7535, South Africa
| | - Mervin Meyer
- Department of Science and Innovation/Mintek Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, Biolabels Node, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville, Cape Town 7535, South Africa
| | - Okobi Ekpo
- Department of Anatomy and Cellular Biology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
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Jlassi A, Mekni-Toujani M, Ferchichi A, Gharsallah C, Malosse C, Chamot-Rooke J, ElAyeb M, Ghram A, Srairi-Abid N, Daoud S. BotCl, the First Chlorotoxin-like Peptide Inhibiting Newcastle Disease Virus: The Emergence of a New Scorpion Venom AMPs Family. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28114355. [PMID: 37298831 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is one of the most serious contagions affecting domestic poultry and other avian species. It causes high morbidity and mortality, resulting in huge economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide. Despite vaccination, NDV outbreaks increase the need for alternative prevention and control means. In this study, we have screened fractions of Buthus occitanus tunetanus (Bot) scorpion venom and isolated the first scorpion peptide inhibiting the NDV multiplication. It showed a dose dependent effect on NDV growth in vitro, with an IC50 of 0.69 µM, and a low cytotoxicity on cultured Vero cells (CC50 > 55 µM). Furthermore, tests carried out in specific pathogen-free embryonated chicken eggs demonstrated that the isolated peptide has a protective effect on chicken embryos against NDV, and reduced by 73% the virus titer in allantoic fluid. The N-terminal sequence, as well as the number of cysteine residues of the isolated peptide, showed that it belongs to the scorpion venom Chlorotoxin-like peptides family, which led us to designate it "BotCl". Interestingly, at 10 µg/mL, BotCl showed an inhibiting effect three times higher than its analogue AaCtx, from Androctonus australis (Aa) scorpion venom, on NDV development. Altogether, our results highlight the chlorotoxin-like peptides as a new scorpion venom AMPs family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abir Jlassi
- LR20IPT01 Laboratoire des Biomolécules, Venins et Applications Théranostiques (LBVAT), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1002, Tunisia
| | - Marwa Mekni-Toujani
- LR16IPT03 Laboratoire d'Epidémiologie et MicrobiologieVétérinaire, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1002, Tunisia
| | - Asma Ferchichi
- LR20IPT01 Laboratoire des Biomolécules, Venins et Applications Théranostiques (LBVAT), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1002, Tunisia
| | - Charfeddine Gharsallah
- LR16IPT02 Laboratoire de Recherche sur la Transmission, le Contrôle et l'Immunobiologie des Infections, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1002, Tunisia
| | - Christian Malosse
- Mass Spectrometry for Biology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UAR 2024, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Julia Chamot-Rooke
- Mass Spectrometry for Biology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UAR 2024, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Mohamed ElAyeb
- LR20IPT01 Laboratoire des Biomolécules, Venins et Applications Théranostiques (LBVAT), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1002, Tunisia
| | - Abdeljelil Ghram
- LR16IPT03 Laboratoire d'Epidémiologie et MicrobiologieVétérinaire, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1002, Tunisia
| | - Najet Srairi-Abid
- LR20IPT01 Laboratoire des Biomolécules, Venins et Applications Théranostiques (LBVAT), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1002, Tunisia
| | - Salma Daoud
- LR20IPT01 Laboratoire des Biomolécules, Venins et Applications Théranostiques (LBVAT), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1002, Tunisia
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7
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Mendes LC, Viana GMM, Nencioni ALA, Pimenta DC, Beraldo-Neto E. Scorpion Peptides and Ion Channels: An Insightful Review of Mechanisms and Drug Development. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:238. [PMID: 37104176 PMCID: PMC10145618 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15040238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The Buthidae family of scorpions consists of arthropods with significant medical relevance, as their venom contains a diverse range of biomolecules, including neurotoxins that selectively target ion channels in cell membranes. These ion channels play a crucial role in regulating physiological processes, and any disturbance in their activity can result in channelopathies, which can lead to various diseases such as autoimmune, cardiovascular, immunological, neurological, and neoplastic conditions. Given the importance of ion channels, scorpion peptides represent a valuable resource for developing drugs with targeted specificity for these channels. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the structure and classification of ion channels, the action of scorpion toxins on these channels, and potential avenues for future research. Overall, this review highlights the significance of scorpion venom as a promising source for discovering novel drugs with therapeutic potential for treating channelopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lais Campelo Mendes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências—Toxinologia do Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil
- Laboratório de Bioquímica do Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Emidio Beraldo-Neto
- Laboratório de Bioquímica do Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil
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8
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Bioactive peptides from scorpion venoms: therapeutic scaffolds and pharmacological tools. Chin J Nat Med 2023; 21:19-35. [PMID: 36641229 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(23)60382-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Evolution and natural selection have endowed animal venoms, including scorpion venoms, with a wide range of pharmacological properties. Consequently, scorpions, their venoms, and/or their body parts have been used since time immemorial in traditional medicines, especially in Africa and Asia. With respect to their pharmacological potential, bioactive peptides from scorpion venoms have become an important source of scientific research. With the rapid increase in the characterization of various components from scorpion venoms, a large number of peptides are identified with an aim of combating a myriad of emerging global health problems. Moreover, some scorpion venom-derived peptides have been established as potential scaffolds helpful for drug development. In this review, we summarize the promising scorpion venoms-derived peptides as drug candidates. Accordingly, we highlight the data and knowledge needed for continuous characterization and development of additional natural peptides from scorpion venoms, as potential drugs that can treat related diseases.
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Sánchez-Navarro M, Giralt E. Peptide Shuttles for Blood–Brain Barrier Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14091874. [PMID: 36145622 PMCID: PMC9505527 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14091874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood–brain barrier (BBB) limits the delivery of therapeutics to the brain but also represents the main gate for nutrient entrance. Targeting the natural transport mechanisms of the BBB offers an attractive route for brain drug delivery. Peptide shuttles are able to use these mechanisms to increase the transport of compounds that cannot cross the BBB unaided. As peptides are a group of biomolecules with unique physicochemical and structural properties, the field of peptide shuttles has substantially evolved in the last few years. In this review, we analyze the main classifications of BBB–peptide shuttles and the leading sources used to discover them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Macarena Sánchez-Navarro
- Department of Molecular Biology, Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina ‘‘López Neyra” (CSIC), 18016 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.S.-N.); (E.G.)
| | - Ernest Giralt
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.S.-N.); (E.G.)
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10
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Majc B, Novak M, Lah TT, Križaj I. Bioactive peptides from venoms against glioma progression. Front Oncol 2022; 12:965882. [PMID: 36119523 PMCID: PMC9476555 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.965882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Venoms are complex mixtures of different molecules and ions. Among them, bioactive peptides have been found to affect cancer hallmarks, such as cell proliferation, cell invasion, cell migration, and can also modulate the immune response of normal and cancer-bearing organisms. In this article, we review the mechanisms of action on these cancer cell features, focusing on bioactive peptides being developed as potential therapeutics for one of the most aggressive and deadly brain tumors, glioblastoma (GB). Novel therapeutic approaches applying bioactive peptides may contribute to multiple targeting of GB and particularly of GB stem cells. Bioactive peptides selectively target cancer cells without harming normal cells. Various molecular targets related to the effects of bioactive peptides on GB have been proposed, including ion channels, integrins, membrane phospholipids and even immunomodulatory treatment of GB. In addition to therapy, some bioactive peptides, such as disintegrins, can also be used for diagnostics or are used as labels for cytotoxic drugs to specifically target cancer cells. Given the limitations described in the last section, successful application in cancer therapy is rather low, as only 3.4% of such peptides have been included in clinical trials and have passed successfully phases I to III. Combined approaches of added bioactive peptides to standard cancer therapies need to be explored using advanced GB in vitro models such as organoids. On the other hand, new methods are also being developed to improve translation from research to practice and provide new hope for GB patients and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernarda Majc
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- *Correspondence: Bernarda Majc, ; Igor Križaj,
| | - Metka Novak
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tamara T. Lah
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Igor Križaj
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- *Correspondence: Bernarda Majc, ; Igor Križaj,
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Jiménez-Morales JM, Hernández-Cuenca YE, Reyes-Abrahantes A, Ruiz-García H, Barajas-Olmos F, García-Ortiz H, Orozco L, Quiñones-Hinojosa A, Reyes-González J, Del Carmen Abrahantes-Pérez M. MicroRNA delivery systems in glioma therapy and perspectives: A systematic review. J Control Release 2022; 349:712-730. [PMID: 35905783 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Gliomas are the deadliest of all primary brain tumors, and they constitute a serious global health problem. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are gene expression regulators associated with glioma pathogenesis. Thus, miRNAs represent potential therapeutic agents for treating gliomas. However, miRNAs have not been established as part of the regular clinical armamentarium. This systemic review evaluates current molecular and pre-clinical studies with the aim of defining the most appealing supramolecular platform for administering therapeutic miRNA to patients with gliomas. An integrated analysis suggested that cationic lipid nanoparticles, functionalized with octa-arginine peptides, represent a potentially specific, practical, non-invasive intervention for treating gliomas. This supramolecular platform allows loading both hydrophilic (miRNA) and hydrophobic (anti-tumor drugs, like temozolomide) molecules. This systemic review is the first to describe miRNA delivery systems targeted to gliomas that integrate several types of molecules as active ingredients. Further experimental validation is warranted to confirm the practical value of miRNA delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Marcos Jiménez-Morales
- Precision Translational Oncology Laboratory, National Institute of Genomic Medicine (INMEGEN), 14610 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Yanet Elisa Hernández-Cuenca
- Precision Translational Oncology Laboratory, National Institute of Genomic Medicine (INMEGEN), 14610 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ander Reyes-Abrahantes
- Precision Translational Oncology Laboratory, National Institute of Genomic Medicine (INMEGEN), 14610 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Henry Ruiz-García
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, United States; Brain Tumor Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, United States
| | - Francisco Barajas-Olmos
- Immunogenomics and Metabolic Diseases Laboratory, National Institute of Genomic Medicine (INMEGEN), 14610 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Humberto García-Ortiz
- Immunogenomics and Metabolic Diseases Laboratory, National Institute of Genomic Medicine (INMEGEN), 14610 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Lorena Orozco
- Immunogenomics and Metabolic Diseases Laboratory, National Institute of Genomic Medicine (INMEGEN), 14610 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alfredo Quiñones-Hinojosa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, United States; Brain Tumor Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, United States
| | - Jesús Reyes-González
- Precision Translational Oncology Laboratory, National Institute of Genomic Medicine (INMEGEN), 14610 Mexico City, Mexico.
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de Melo MMA, Oliveira VDS, de Queiroz Neto MF, Paiva WDS, Torres-Rêgo M, Silva SRB, Pontes DDL, Rocha HAO, de Souza MÂF, da Silva-Júnior AA, Fernandes-Pedrosa MDF. TanP: A Multifunctional Anionic Peptide From Tityus stigmurus Scorpion Venom. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 8:785316. [PMID: 35111812 PMCID: PMC8802776 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.785316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Anionic peptides of scorpions are molecules rich in aspartic and/or glutamic acid residues and correspond to a class of peptides without disulfide bonds that are still little explored. TanP is a linear anionic peptide (50 amino acid residues and net charge -20) present in the venom gland of the scorpion, Tityus stigmurus, with chelating properties for Cu2+ ion and immunomodulatory properties. The therapeutic application of chelating molecules is related to cases of acute or chronic intoxication by metals, neurodegenerative diseases, hematological diseases, healing of skin wounds, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. In this approach, the chelating activity of TanP was evaluated in relation to new metal ions (Fe2+ and Zn2+) of biological importance, as well as its antioxidant, hemostatic, immunomodulatory, and healing potential, aiming to expand the biological and biotechnological potential of this peptide. TanP (25 µM) was able to form stable complexes with Fe2+ in a ratio of 1:5 (TanP: Fe2+). Theoretical results suggest that TanP can work as a sensor to identify and quantify Fe2+ ions. The fluorescence intensity of TanP (1.12 µM) decreased significantly after the addition of Fe2+, obtaining the highest ratio 1: 7.4 (TanP: Fe2+) that led to the lowest fluorescence intensity. For Zn2+, no relevant spectral change was noted. TanP (50 µM) showed a maximum of 3% of hemolytic activity, demonstrating biocompatibility, as well as exhibiting a 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical-scavenging activity of above 70% at all the concentrations tested (1-25 μM), and 89.7% iron-chelating activity at 25 μM and 96% hydroxyl radical-scavenging activity at 73.6 μM. In addition, TanP (12.5 and 25 µM) revealed an anticoagulant effect, prolonging the clotting time in prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time assays, with no fibrinogenolytic activity. TanP (12.5 and 25 µM) induced the release of TNF-α by murine macrophages, in the absence of lipopolysaccharides, with a concentration-dependent increase and also stimulated the migration of 3T3 cells in the in vitro healing assay. Thus, TanP revealed a multifunctional potential, being useful as a prototype for the development of new therapeutic and biotechnological agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menilla Maria Alves de Melo
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Verônica da Silva Oliveira
- Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry and Polymers, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Moacir Fernandes de Queiroz Neto
- Laboratory of Natural Polymer Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Weslley de Souza Paiva
- Laboratory of Natural Polymer Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Manoela Torres-Rêgo
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Isolation of Organic Compounds, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | | | - Daniel de Lima Pontes
- Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry and Polymers, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Hugo Alexandre Oliveira Rocha
- Laboratory of Natural Polymer Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | | | - Arnóbio Antônio da Silva-Júnior
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
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Coelho GR, da Silva DL, Beraldo-Neto E, Vigerelli H, de Oliveira LA, Sciani JM, Pimenta DC. Neglected Venomous Animals and Toxins: Underrated Biotechnological Tools in Drug Development. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13120851. [PMID: 34941689 PMCID: PMC8708286 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13120851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the vast repertoire of animal toxins and venoms selected by nature and evolution, mankind opted to devote its scientific attention—during the last century—to a restricted group of animals, leaving a myriad of toxic creatures aside. There are several underlying and justifiable reasons for this, which include dealing with the public health problems caused by envenoming by such animals. However, these studies became saturated and gave rise to a whole group of animals that become neglected regarding their venoms and secretions. This repertoire of unexplored toxins and venoms bears biotechnological potential, including the development of new technologies, therapeutic agents and diagnostic tools and must, therefore, be assessed. In this review, we will approach such topics through an interconnected historical and scientific perspective that will bring up the major discoveries and innovations in toxinology, achieved by researchers from the Butantan Institute and others, and describe some of the major research outcomes from the study of these neglected animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Rabelo Coelho
- Laboratório de Bioquímica, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil; (G.R.C.); (D.L.d.S.); (E.B.-N.)
| | - Daiane Laise da Silva
- Laboratório de Bioquímica, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil; (G.R.C.); (D.L.d.S.); (E.B.-N.)
| | - Emidio Beraldo-Neto
- Laboratório de Bioquímica, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil; (G.R.C.); (D.L.d.S.); (E.B.-N.)
| | - Hugo Vigerelli
- Laboratório de Genética, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil;
| | - Laudiceia Alves de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Moléstias Infecciosas—Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo 01049-010, Brazil;
| | - Juliana Mozer Sciani
- Laboratório Multidisciplinar em Pesquisa, Universidade São Francisco, Bragança Paulista 12916-900, Brazil;
| | - Daniel Carvalho Pimenta
- Laboratório de Bioquímica, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil; (G.R.C.); (D.L.d.S.); (E.B.-N.)
- Correspondence:
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14
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Casasco BS, Garcez-do-Carmo L, Conceição IM. The effects of Tityus bahiensis scorpion venom on the contractility of jejunum, vas deferens, and the aorta is differentially affected by tetrodotoxin. Toxicon 2021; 202:123-131. [PMID: 34582832 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2021.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The pharmacological effects of the crude venom of the scorpion Tityus serrulatus or its isolated toxins have been widely studied. However, few studies are available on Tityus bahiensis venom. We recently discovered that T. serrulaus venom leads to the release of tetrodotoxin-resistant acetylcholine. Thus, our objective was to verify whether T. bahiensis venom could have a similar action in the jejunum. Furthermore, we evaluated the possibility that this action occur in other tissues innervated by the autonomic nervous system. Thus, organ bath studies were conducted to evaluate the contractile and relaxant effects of venom on the jejunum, vas deferens and aorta of rats in the presence or absence of tetrodotoxin. We observed that jejunum, vas deferens and aorta contracted when the T. bahiensis venom was applied. In the jejunum, the venom reveals a contractile component resistant to tetrodotoxin. It also was able to relax pre-contracted preparations of jejunum and aorta but not vas deferens. Only in the aorta, the relaxation was resistant to tetrodotoxin. The effects of scorpion venoms are attributed to its action on ionic channels leading to neuronal depolarization and neurotransmitter release. Our results indicated that a similar mechanism is present in the observed effects of the venom. However, another mechanism must be present in the venom-induced contraction in the jejunum and relaxation in the aorta. Possible involvement of tetrodotoxin-resistant sodium channels or non-neuronal release of neurotransmitters is discussed. We emphasize that the study of the Tityus scorpion's venom, especially T. bahiensis, is of great importance because it can unveil unknown pharmacological and physiological mechanisms of excitable cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Serra Casasco
- Toxins Mechanism of Action Research Group (MATx), Laboratory of Pharmacology, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lúcia Garcez-do-Carmo
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Isaltino Marcelo Conceição
- Toxins Mechanism of Action Research Group (MATx), Laboratory of Pharmacology, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil.
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15
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Fischer T, Riedl R. Paracelsus' legacy in the faunal realm: Drugs deriving from animal toxins. Drug Discov Today 2021; 27:567-575. [PMID: 34678490 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Given the vast number of venomous and poisonous animals, it is surprising that only relatively few animal-derived toxins have been explored and made their way into marketed drugs or are being investigated in ongoing clinical trials. In this review, we highlight marketed drugs deriving from animal toxins as well as ongoing clinical trials and preclinical investigations in the field. We emphasize that more attention should be paid to the rich supply of candidates that nature provides as valuable starting points for addressing serious unmet medical needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Fischer
- Center of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Zurich University of Applied Sciences ZHAW, Einsiedlerstrasse 31, 8820 Wädenswil, Switzerland
| | - Rainer Riedl
- Center of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Zurich University of Applied Sciences ZHAW, Einsiedlerstrasse 31, 8820 Wädenswil, Switzerland.
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16
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Zhou J, Li Y, Huang W, Shi W, Qian H. Source and exploration of the peptides used to construct peptide-drug conjugates. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 224:113712. [PMID: 34303870 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Peptide-drug conjugates (PDCs) are a class of novel molecules widely designed and synthesized for delivering payload drugs. The peptide part plays a vital role in the whole molecule, because they determine the ability of the molecules to penetrate the membrane and target to the specific targets. Here, we introduce the source of different kinds of cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) and cell-targeting peptides (CTPs) that have been used or could be used in constructing PDCs as well as their latest application in delivering drugs. What's more, the approaches of developing CPPs and CTPs and the techniques to discover novel peptides are focused on and summarized in the review. This review aims to help relevant researchers fast understand the research status of peptides in PDCs and carry forward the process of novel peptides discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Zhou
- Centre of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Centre of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Wenlong Huang
- Centre of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Wei Shi
- Centre of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China.
| | - Hai Qian
- Centre of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, PR China.
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17
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Giribaldi J, Smith JJ, Schroeder CI. Recent developments in animal venom peptide nanotherapeutics with improved selectivity for cancer cells. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 50:107769. [PMID: 33989705 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Animal venoms are a rich source of bioactive peptides that efficiently modulate key receptors and ion channels involved in cellular excitability to rapidly neutralize their prey or predators. As such, they have been a wellspring of highly useful pharmacological tools for decades. Besides targeting ion channels, some venom peptides exhibit strong cytotoxic activity and preferentially affect cancer over healthy cells. This is unlikely to be driven by an evolutionary impetus, and differences in tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment are probably behind the serendipitous selectivity shown by some venom peptides. However, strategies such as bioconjugation and nanotechnologies are showing potential to improve their selectivity and potency, thereby paving the way to efficiently harness new anticancer mechanisms offered by venom peptides. This review aims to highlight advances in nano- and chemotherapeutic tools and prospective anti-cancer drug leads derived from animal venom peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Giribaldi
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Jennifer J Smith
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Christina I Schroeder
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
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Bee Venom Components as Therapeutic Tools against Prostate Cancer. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13050337. [PMID: 34067049 PMCID: PMC8150751 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13050337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers in men. Despite the development of a variety of therapeutic agents to treat either metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer, advanced prostate cancer, or nonmetastatic/metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer, the progression or spread of the disease often cannot be avoided. Additionally, the development of resistance of prostate cancer cells to available therapeutic agents is a well-known problem. Despite extensive and cost-intensive research over decades, curative therapy for metastatic prostate cancer is still not available. Therefore, additional therapeutic agents are still needed. The animal kingdom offers a valuable source of natural substances used for the treatment of a variety of diseases. Bee venom of the honeybee is a mixture of many components. It contains proteins acting as enzymes such as phospholipase A2, smaller proteins and peptides such as melittin and apamin, phospholipids, and physiologically active amines such as histamine, dopamine, and noradrenaline. Melittin has been shown to induce apoptosis in different cancer cell lines, including prostate cancer cell lines. It also influences cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and necrosis as well as motility, migration, metastasis, and invasion of tumour cells. Hence, it represents an interesting anticancer agent. In this review article, studies about the effect of bee venom components on prostate cancer cells are discussed. An electronic literature research was performed utilising PubMed in February 2021. All scientific publications, which examine this interesting subject, are discussed. Furthermore, the different types of application of these promising substances are outlined. The studies clearly indicate that bee venom or melittin exhibited anticancer effects in various prostate cancer cell lines and in xenografts. In most of the studies, a combination of bee venom or the modified melittin with another molecule was utilised in order to avoid side effects and, additionally, to target selectively the prostate cancer cells or the surrounding tissue. The studies showed that systemic side effects and unwanted damage to healthy tissue and organs could be minimised when the anticancer drug was not activated until binding to the cancer cells or the surrounding tissue. Different targets were used, such as the matrix metalloproteinase 2, hormone receptors expressed by prostate cancer cells, the extracellular domain of PSMA, and the fibroblast activation protein occurring in the stroma of prostate cancer cells. Another approach used loaded phosphate micelles, which were cleaved by the enzyme secretory phospholipase A2 produced by prostate cancer cells. In a totally different approach, targeted nanoparticles containing the melittin gene were used for prostate cancer gene therapy. By the targeted nonviral gene delivery, the gene encoding melittin was delivered to the prostate cancer cells without systemic side effects. This review of the scientific literature reveals totally different approaches using bee venom, melittin, modified melittin, or protoxin as anticancer agents. The toxic agents acted through several different mechanisms to produce their anti-prostate cancer effects. These mechanisms are not fully understood yet and more experimental studies are necessary to reveal the complete mode of action. Nevertheless, the researchers have conducted pioneering work. Based on these results, further experimental and clinical studies about melittin and modifications of this interesting agent deriving from nature are necessary and could possibly lead to a complementary treatment option for prostate cancer.
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Fatima H, Charinpanitkul T, Kim KS. Fundamentals to Apply Magnetic Nanoparticles for Hyperthermia Therapy. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11051203. [PMID: 34062851 PMCID: PMC8147361 DOI: 10.3390/nano11051203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The activation of magnetic nanoparticles in hyperthermia treatment by an external alternating magnetic field is a promising technique for targeted cancer therapy. The external alternating magnetic field generates heat in the tumor area, which is utilized to kill cancerous cells. Depending on the tumor type and site to be targeted, various types of magnetic nanoparticles, with variable coating materials of different shape and surface charge, have been developed. The tunable physical and chemical properties of magnetic nanoparticles enhance their heating efficiency. Moreover, heating efficiency is directly related with the product values of the applied magnetic field and frequency. Protein corona formation is another important parameter affecting the heating efficiency of MNPs in magnetic hyperthermia. This review provides the basics of magnetic hyperthermia, mechanisms of heat losses, thermal doses for hyperthermia therapy, and strategies to improve heating efficiency. The purpose of this review is to build a bridge between the synthesis/coating of magnetic nanoparticles and their practical application in magnetic hyperthermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hira Fatima
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kangwon National University Chuncheon, Kangwon-do 24341, Korea;
| | - Tawatchai Charinpanitkul
- Center of Excellence in Particle Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
| | - Kyo-Seon Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kangwon National University Chuncheon, Kangwon-do 24341, Korea;
- Correspondence:
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20
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Lima HVD, Dos Santos TMC, de Sousa Silva MMA, da Silva Albuquerque JV, Melo LM, de Figueirêdo Freitas VJ, Rádis-Baptista G. The Rhodamine B-encrypted vipericidin peptide, RhoB-Ctn[1-9], displays in vitro antimicrobial activity against opportunistic bacteria and yeasts. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2021; 23:172-179. [PMID: 33749557 DOI: 10.2174/1389201022666210322123903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Crotalicidin (Ctn), a snake venom cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide, is a 34-residue-long linear lysine-rich vipericidin obtained from the South American rattlesnake, Crotalus durissus terrificus. Ctn contains tandem repeats of nine amino acid residues (1KRFKKFFKK9 and 16KRLKKIFKK24; consensus: 1KRhKKhFKK9, h = hydrophobic amino acid) as an integral part of its structure. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the encrypted vipericidin nonapeptide KRFKKFFKK, designated as Ctn[1-9], and its structural analogue, rhodamine-B‒conjugated Ctn[1-9], designated as RhoB-Ctn[1-9]. METHOD The susceptibility of representative pathogenic bacteria and yeasts to antimicrobial agents was determined using the broth microdilution minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) method. Cytotoxicity was estimated using a hemolytic assay. The accumulation of RhoB-Ctn[1-9] in microbial cells was observed by fluorescence microscopy. The antimicrobial synergism of RhoB-Ctn[1-9] with antimicrobials was evaluated using a checkerboard analysis. RESULTS RhoB-conjugated Ctn[1-9] displayed selective antimicrobial activity against infectious gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and pathogenic species of Candida with low hemolytic effects on human erythrocytes which was not observed with unconjugated Ctn[1-9]. RhoB-Ctn[1-9] could permeate cell membranes and accumulate intracellularly in microbial cells. RhoB-Ctn[1-9] exhibits synergistic effects when used with antibiotics or antifungal agents and reduced the MICs of the peptide and antimicrobials. CONCLUSION These findings indicate the potential of crotalicidin-related short peptides as structural motifs for the diversification of biological functionalities. Further, they set the stage to investigate the molecular mechanisms by which chemically modified vipericidin repeats modulate cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilania Valeria Doudou Lima
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Institute of Marine Science, Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza-CE. Brazil
| | - Thales Márcio Cabral Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Physiology and Control of Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary, State University of Ceará (UECE), Fortaleza-CE. Brazil
| | | | - João Victor da Silva Albuquerque
- Laboratory of Physiology and Control of Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary, State University of Ceará (UECE), Fortaleza-CE. Brazil
| | - Luciana Magalhães Melo
- Laboratory of Physiology and Control of Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary, State University of Ceará (UECE), Fortaleza-CE. Brazil
| | | | - Gandhi Rádis-Baptista
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Institute of Marine Science, Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza-CE. Brazil
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21
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Soon TN, Chia AYY, Yap WH, Tang YQ. Anticancer Mechanisms of Bioactive Peptides. Protein Pept Lett 2021; 27:823-830. [PMID: 32271692 DOI: 10.2174/0929866527666200409102747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite technological advancement, there is no 100% effective treatment against metastatic cancer. Increasing resistance of cancer cells towards chemotherapeutic drugs along with detrimental side effects remained a concern. Thus, the urgency in developing new anticancer agents has been raised. Anticancer peptides have been proven to display potent activity against a wide variety of cancer cells. Several mode of actions describing their cytostatic and cytotoxic effect on cancer cells have been proposed which involves cell surface binding leading to membranolysis or internalization to reach their intracellular target. Understanding the mechanism of action of these anticancer peptides is important in achieving full therapeutic success. In the present article, we discuss the anticancer action of peptides accompanied by the mechanisms underpinning their toxicity to cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuey Ning Soon
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Taylor's University, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Adeline Yoke Yin Chia
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Taylor's University, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Wei Hsum Yap
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Taylor's University, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Yin-Quan Tang
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Taylor's University, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
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22
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Delinois LJ, Peón H, Villalobos-Santos JC, Ramírez-Paz J, Miller J, Griebenow KH, Tinoco AD. A Cytochrome c-Chlorotoxin Hybrid Protein as a Possible Antiglioma Drug. ChemMedChem 2020; 15:2185-2192. [PMID: 32918396 PMCID: PMC7722079 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Malignant gliomas are the most lethal form of primary brain tumors. Despite advances in cancer therapy, the prognosis of glioma patients has remained poor. Cytochrome c (Cytc), an endogenous heme-based protein, holds tremendous potential to treat gliomas because of its innate capacity to trigger apoptosis. To this end, a hybrid cytochrome c-chlorotoxin (Cytc-CTX) protein was biosynthesized to enable cellular uptake of the cell impenetrable Cytc using CTX transporters. A nucleotide sequence containing 1 : 1 Cytc and CTX was constructed and separated by a hexahistidine-tag and an enterokinase cleavage site. The sequence was cloned into a pBTR1 plasmid, expressed in Escherichia coli, purified via 2-dimensional chromatography. The identity and size of the protein were determined by Western blot and mass spectrometry. Cytc in this soluble hybrid protein has similar structure and stability as human Cytc and the hybrid protein is endocytosed into a glioma cell line, while displaying potent cytotoxicity and a favorable therapeutic index. Its facile, low-cost, and high yield synthesis, biocompatibility, and robustness suggest that the hybrid protein is a promising candidate for antiglioma drug evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis J Delinois
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Natural Sciences of the University of Puerto Rico at Río Piedras, San Juan, Puerto Rico, 00925, USA
| | - Harold Peón
- Academia del Perpetuo Socorro High School, San Juan, Puerto Rico, 00907, USA
| | - Juan C Villalobos-Santos
- Biology Department, Faculty of Natural Sciences of the University of Puerto Rico at Río Piedras, San Juan, Puerto Rico, 00925, USA
| | - Josell Ramírez-Paz
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Natural Sciences of the University of Puerto Rico at Río Piedras, San Juan, Puerto Rico, 00925, USA
| | - Jennifer Miller
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Natural Sciences of the University of Puerto Rico at Río Piedras, San Juan, Puerto Rico, 00925, USA
| | - Kai H Griebenow
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Natural Sciences of the University of Puerto Rico at Río Piedras, San Juan, Puerto Rico, 00925, USA
| | - Arthur D Tinoco
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Natural Sciences of the University of Puerto Rico at Río Piedras, San Juan, Puerto Rico, 00925, USA
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C-Terminal Amidation of Chlorotoxin Does Not Affect Tumour Cell Proliferation and Has No Effect on Toxin Cytotoxicity. Int J Pept Res Ther 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-020-10117-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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24
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Vicente‐Ruiz S, Serrano‐Martí A, Armiñán A, Vicent MJ. Nanomedicine for the Treatment of Advanced Prostate Cancer. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202000136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Vicente‐Ruiz
- Polymer Therapeutics Laboratory Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe Av. Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3 Valencia 46012 Spain
| | - Antoni Serrano‐Martí
- Polymer Therapeutics Laboratory Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe Av. Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3 Valencia 46012 Spain
| | - Ana Armiñán
- Polymer Therapeutics Laboratory Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe Av. Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3 Valencia 46012 Spain
| | - María J. Vicent
- Polymer Therapeutics Laboratory Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe Av. Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3 Valencia 46012 Spain
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25
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New opportunities and challenges of venom-based and bacteria-derived molecules for anticancer targeted therapy. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 80:356-369. [PMID: 32846203 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Due to advances in detection and treatment of cancer, especially the rise in the targeted therapy, the five-year relative survival rate of all cancers has increased significantly. However, according to the analysis of the survival rate of cancer patients in 2019, the survival rate of most cancers is still less than five years. Therefore, to combat complex cancer and further improve the 5-year survival rate of cancer patients, it is necessary to develop some new anticancer drugs. Because of the adaptive evolution of toxic species for millions of years, the venom sac is a "treasure bank", which has millions of biomolecules with high affinity and stability awaiting further development. Complete utilization of venom-based and bacteria-derived drugs in the market is still staggering because of incomplete understanding regarding their mode of action. In this review, we focused on the currently identified targets for anticancer effects based on venomous and bacterial biomolecules, such as ion channels, membrane non-receptor molecules, integrins, and other related target molecules. This review will serve as the key for exploring the molecular mechanisms behind the anticancer potential of venom-based and bacteria-derived drugs and will also lay the path for the development of anticancer targeted therapy.
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26
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Li M, Shao X, Wu C, Lu D, Liu K, Wang W, Liu J, Li H, Su W, Fang L. Chlorotoxin-derived bicyclic peptides for targeted imaging of glioblastomas. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:9537-9540. [PMID: 32691026 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc01089h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A convenient and efficient strategy was developed for accessing chlorotoxin-derived bicyclic peptide-biomolecule conjugates by cyclizing fully-unprotected linear peptides with a designed tetrafunctional chemical linker. Among these peptides, bicycle-P3 bearing the N-terminal sequence of chlorotoxin shows high tumor selectivity and penetration ability, which is promising for treatment of gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiqing Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ximing Shao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Chunlei Wu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Danyi Lu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Ke Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Wei Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Jiakai Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Hongchang Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Wu Su
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Lijing Fang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Qi Y, Qu Q, Bierer D, Liu L. A Diaminodiacid (DADA) Strategy for the Development of Disulfide Surrogate Peptides. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:2793-2802. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.202000609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yun‐Kun Qi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry School of Pharmacy Qingdao University Qingdao 266021 China
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Qian Qu
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Donald Bierer
- Bayer AG Department of Medicinal Chemistry Aprather Weg 18A 42096 Wuppertal Germany
| | - Lei Liu
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
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28
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Bordon KDCF, Cologna CT, Fornari-Baldo EC, Pinheiro-Júnior EL, Cerni FA, Amorim FG, Anjolette FAP, Cordeiro FA, Wiezel GA, Cardoso IA, Ferreira IG, de Oliveira IS, Boldrini-França J, Pucca MB, Baldo MA, Arantes EC. From Animal Poisons and Venoms to Medicines: Achievements, Challenges and Perspectives in Drug Discovery. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:1132. [PMID: 32848750 PMCID: PMC7396678 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal poisons and venoms are comprised of different classes of molecules displaying wide-ranging pharmacological activities. This review aims to provide an in-depth view of toxin-based compounds from terrestrial and marine organisms used as diagnostic tools, experimental molecules to validate postulated therapeutic targets, drug libraries, prototypes for the design of drugs, cosmeceuticals, and therapeutic agents. However, making these molecules applicable requires extensive preclinical trials, with some applications also demanding clinical trials, in order to validate their molecular target, mechanism of action, effective dose, potential adverse effects, as well as other fundamental parameters. Here we go through the pitfalls for a toxin-based potential therapeutic drug to become eligible for clinical trials and marketing. The manuscript also presents an overview of the current picture for several molecules from different animal venoms and poisons (such as those from amphibians, cone snails, hymenopterans, scorpions, sea anemones, snakes, spiders, tetraodontiformes, bats, and shrews) that have been used in clinical trials. Advances and perspectives on the therapeutic potential of molecules from other underexploited animals, such as caterpillars and ticks, are also reported. The challenges faced during the lengthy and costly preclinical and clinical studies and how to overcome these hindrances are also discussed for that drug candidates going to the bedside. It covers most of the drugs developed using toxins, the molecules that have failed and those that are currently in clinical trials. The article presents a detailed overview of toxins that have been used as therapeutic agents, including their discovery, formulation, dosage, indications, main adverse effects, and pregnancy and breastfeeding prescription warnings. Toxins in diagnosis, as well as cosmeceuticals and atypical therapies (bee venom and leech therapies) are also reported. The level of cumulative and detailed information provided in this review may help pharmacists, physicians, biotechnologists, pharmacologists, and scientists interested in toxinology, drug discovery, and development of toxin-based products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla de Castro Figueiredo Bordon
- Laboratory of Animal Toxins, Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Camila Takeno Cologna
- Laboratory of Animal Toxins, Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Ernesto Lopes Pinheiro-Júnior
- Laboratory of Animal Toxins, Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Felipe Augusto Cerni
- Laboratory of Animal Toxins, Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Gobbi Amorim
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vila Velha University, Vila Velha, Brazil
| | | | - Francielle Almeida Cordeiro
- Laboratory of Animal Toxins, Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Gisele Adriano Wiezel
- Laboratory of Animal Toxins, Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Iara Aimê Cardoso
- Laboratory of Animal Toxins, Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Isabela Gobbo Ferreira
- Laboratory of Animal Toxins, Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Isadora Sousa de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Animal Toxins, Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | | | - Mateus Amaral Baldo
- Health and Science Institute, Paulista University, São José do Rio Pardo, Brazil
| | - Eliane Candiani Arantes
- Laboratory of Animal Toxins, Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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29
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Louza GSG, Carmo LLGD, Conceição IM. Effect of Tityus serrulatus scorpion venom on isolated jejunum: A very useful tool to study the interaction between neurons in the enteric nervous system. Auton Neurosci 2020; 227:102676. [PMID: 32464449 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2020.102676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Scorpion envenomation is a public health problem in tropical and subtropical areas. In Brazil, Tityus serrulatus is the biggest cause of accidents with venomous animals. Tityus serrulatus venom causes symptoms related to a great activation of the autonomic system attributed to a massive release of sympathetic and parasympathetic mediators. This effect is attributed to the presence of toxins acting in Na+ and K+ ion channels, leading to an increase in cell excitability. Although gastrointestinal symptoms, like diarrhoea and sialorrhea, is observed in moderate to severe cases, little attention is given in clinical reports. Gastrointestinal motility is controlled by the enteric nervous system which is composed of a wide variety of interconnected neurons that are influenced by the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. Thus, this work aimed to characterize the effects of Tityus serrulatus venom on sympathetic and parasympathetic neurotransmission of rat jejunum, as well as to investigate possibles effects on other neurons of the enteric nervous system. To this, we verify the effects of Tityus serrulatus venom on the contractility of isolated rat jejunum through organ-bath experiments. We observed that venom can induce both contraction and relaxation. The contraction was partially inhibited by atropine (1 μM) and by suramin (0.1 mM) through tetrodotoxin-resistant and sensitive mechanisms. The relaxation was completely inhibited by 3 μM propranolol and partially inhibited by 1 μM phentolamine. Suramin induced a slowing of relaxation curve. Tetrodotoxin completely inhibits the relaxation induced by Tityus serrulatus venom, but the contraction curves were only partially reduced in their initial portion. The final part of the curve was largely enhanced by Tetrodotoxin. Atropine blocks almost completely the contraction curve in the presence of Tetrodotoxin. These results indicate that Tityus serrulatus venom induces the release of both excitatory (predominantly acetylcholine) and inhibitory (mainly noradrenaline) neurotransmitters. The effects of Tityus serrulatus venom on organ contractility was quite complex and seem to derive from a diffuse and nonspecific release of mediators from autonomic and enteric nervous systems. Further investigation of venom action and its isolated toxins can reveal important aspects to deepen our knowledge about the enteric nervous system transmission and the interaction between excitatory and inhibitory mediators as well as the physiological role of Na+ and K+ ion channels in gut motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisele S G Louza
- Unit of Mode of Toxin Action (MATx), Laboratory of Pharmacology, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
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30
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Roy A, Bharadvaja N. Venom-Derived Bioactive Compounds as Potential Anticancer Agents: A Review. Int J Pept Res Ther 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-020-10073-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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31
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Qu Q, Gao S, Wu F, Zhang M, Li Y, Zhang L, Bierer D, Tian C, Zheng J, Liu L. Synthesis of Disulfide Surrogate Peptides Incorporating Large‐Span Surrogate Bridges Through a Native‐Chemical‐Ligation‐Assisted Diaminodiacid Strategy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201915358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Qu
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life SciencesMinistry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus, Chemistry and Chemical BiologyCenter for Synthetic and Systems BiologyDepartment of ChemistryTsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Shuai Gao
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life SciencesMinistry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus, Chemistry and Chemical BiologyCenter for Synthetic and Systems BiologyDepartment of ChemistryTsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Fangming Wu
- High Magnetic Field LaboratoryChinese Academy of Sciences Hefei 230031 China
| | - Meng‐Ge Zhang
- School of Life SciencesHefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the MicroscaleUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230027 China
| | - Ying Li
- School of Life SciencesHefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the MicroscaleUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230027 China
| | - Long‐Hua Zhang
- School of Life SciencesHefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the MicroscaleUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230027 China
| | - Donald Bierer
- Bayer AGDepartment of Medicinal Chemistry Aprather Weg 18A 42096 Wuppertal Germany
| | - Chang‐Lin Tian
- High Magnetic Field LaboratoryChinese Academy of Sciences Hefei 230031 China
- School of Life SciencesHefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the MicroscaleUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230027 China
| | - Ji‐Shen Zheng
- School of Life SciencesHefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the MicroscaleUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230027 China
| | - Lei Liu
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life SciencesMinistry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus, Chemistry and Chemical BiologyCenter for Synthetic and Systems BiologyDepartment of ChemistryTsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
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32
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Qu Q, Gao S, Wu F, Zhang MG, Li Y, Zhang LH, Bierer D, Tian CL, Zheng JS, Liu L. Synthesis of Disulfide Surrogate Peptides Incorporating Large-Span Surrogate Bridges Through a Native-Chemical-Ligation-Assisted Diaminodiacid Strategy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:6037-6045. [PMID: 32060988 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201915358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The use of synthetic bridges as surrogates for disulfide bonds has emerged as a practical strategy to obviate the poor stability of some disulfide-containing peptides. However, peptides incorporating large-span synthetic bridges are still beyond the reach of existing methods. Herein, we report a native chemical ligation (NCL)-assisted diaminodiacid (DADA) strategy that enables the robust generation of disulfide surrogate peptides incorporating surrogate bridges up to 50 amino acids in length. This strategy provides access to some highly desirable but otherwise impossible-to-obtain disulfide surrogates of bioactive peptide. The bioactivities and structures of the synthetic disulfide surrogates were verified by voltage clamp assays, NMR, and X-ray crystallography; and stability studies established that the disulfide replacements effectively overcame the problems of disulfide reduction and scrambling that often plague these pharmacologically important peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Qu
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus, Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Shuai Gao
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus, Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Fangming Wu
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Meng-Ge Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Ying Li
- School of Life Sciences, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Long-Hua Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Donald Bierer
- Bayer AG, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Aprather Weg 18A, 42096, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Chang-Lin Tian
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China.,School of Life Sciences, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Ji-Shen Zheng
- School of Life Sciences, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus, Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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33
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Zhao L, Zhu J, Wang T, Liu C, Song N, Wu S, Qiao W, Yang J, Zhu M, Zhao J. A novel Buthus martensii Karsch chlorotoxin derivative for glioma SPECT imaging. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj03302b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
An increasing number of studies show the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of scorpion venoms and toxins in cancer, including malignant glioma that represents the most fatal primary brain tumors.
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34
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Formicola B, D'Aloia A, Dal Magro R, Stucchi S, Rigolio R, Ceriani M, Re F. Differential Exchange of Multifunctional Liposomes Between Glioblastoma Cells and Healthy Astrocytes via Tunneling Nanotubes. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:403. [PMID: 31921808 PMCID: PMC6920177 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in cancer therapies, nanomedicine approaches including the treatment of glioblastoma (GBM), the most common, aggressive brain tumor, remains inefficient. These failures are likely attributable to the complex and not yet completely known biology of this tumor, which is responsible for its strong invasiveness, high degree of metastasis, high proliferation potential, and resistance to radiation and chemotherapy. The intimate connection through which the cells communicate between them plays an important role in these biological processes. In this scenario, tunneling nanotubes (TnTs) are recently gaining importance as a key feature in tumor progression and in particular in the re-growth of GBM after surgery. In this context, we firstly identified structural differences of TnTs formed by U87-MG cells, as model of GBM cells, in comparison with those formed by normal human astrocytes (NHA), used as a model of healthy cells. Successively, we have studied the possibility to exploit U87-MG TnTs as drug-delivery channels in cancer therapy, using liposomes composed of cholesterol/sphingomyelin and surface functionalized with mApoE and chlorotoxin peptides (Mf-LIP) as nanovehicle model. The results showed that U87-MG cells formed almost exclusively thick and long protrusions, whereas NHA formed more thin and short TnTs. Considering that thick TnTs are more efficient in transport of vesicles and organelles, we showed that fluorescent-labeled Mf-LIP can be transported via TnTs between U87-MG cells and with less extent through the protrusions formed by NHA cells. Our results demonstrate that nanotubes are potentially useful as drug-delivery channels for cancer therapy, facilitating the intercellular redistribution of this drug in close and far away cells, thus reaching isolated tumor niches that are hardly targeted by simple drug diffusion in the brain parenchyma. Moreover, the differences identified in TnTs formed by GBM and NHA cells can be exploited to increase treatment precision and specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Formicola
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Vedano al Lambro, Italy
| | - Alessia D'Aloia
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Dal Magro
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Vedano al Lambro, Italy
| | - Simone Stucchi
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Rigolio
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Vedano al Lambro, Italy
| | - Michela Ceriani
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Re
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Vedano al Lambro, Italy
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35
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Formicola B, Dal Magro R, Montefusco-Pereira CV, Lehr CM, Koch M, Russo L, Grasso G, Deriu MA, Danani A, Bourdoulous S, Re F. The synergistic effect of chlorotoxin-mApoE in boosting drug-loaded liposomes across the BBB. J Nanobiotechnology 2019; 17:115. [PMID: 31711496 PMCID: PMC6844026 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-019-0546-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We designed liposomes dually functionalized with ApoE-derived peptide (mApoE) and chlorotoxin (ClTx) to improve their blood–brain barrier (BBB) crossing. Our results demonstrated the synergistic activity of ClTx-mApoE in boosting doxorubicin-loaded liposomes across the BBB, keeping the anti-tumour activity of the drug loaded: mApoE acts promoting cellular uptake, while ClTx promotes exocytosis of liposomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Formicola
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Raoul Follereau 3, 20854, Vedano al Lambro, MB, Italy.
| | - Roberta Dal Magro
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Raoul Follereau 3, 20854, Vedano al Lambro, MB, Italy
| | - Carlos V Montefusco-Pereira
- Department of Drug Delivery, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Claus-Michael Lehr
- Department of Drug Delivery, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Marcus Koch
- Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Laura Russo
- Bio Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Raoul Follereau 3, 20854, Vedano al Lambro, MB, Italy
| | - Gianvito Grasso
- Istituto Dalle Molle di Studi Sull'Intelligenza Artificiale (IDSIA), Scuola Universitaria Professionale Della Svizzera Italiana (SUPSI), Università Della Svizzera Italiana (USI), Manno, Switzerland
| | - Marco A Deriu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering (DIMEAS), Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10128, Turin, Italy
| | - Andrea Danani
- Istituto Dalle Molle di Studi Sull'Intelligenza Artificiale (IDSIA), Scuola Universitaria Professionale Della Svizzera Italiana (SUPSI), Università Della Svizzera Italiana (USI), Manno, Switzerland
| | | | - Francesca Re
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Raoul Follereau 3, 20854, Vedano al Lambro, MB, Italy
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36
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Khanyile S, Masamba P, Oyinloye BE, Mbatha LS, Kappo AP. Current Biochemical Applications and Future Prospects of Chlorotoxin in Cancer Diagnostics and Therapeutics. Adv Pharm Bull 2019; 9:510-520. [PMID: 31857956 PMCID: PMC6912174 DOI: 10.15171/apb.2019.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlorotoxin (CTX) is a minute 4 kDa protein made up of 36 amino acid residues, commonly known for its binding affinity to chloride channels and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) of glioma tumors of the spine and brain. This property and the possibility of conjugating this peptide to nanoparticles have enabled its diverse use in various biotechnological and biomedical applications for cancer treatment, such as in tumor imaging and radiotherapy. Because of the fascinating biological properties CTX possesses, elucidating its mechanism of action may hold promise for the development of new and effective therapeutic drugs, as well as more sensitive and highly specific cancer-screening kits. This article therefore reviews the currently known applications of CTX and suggests diverse ways in which it can be applied for the design of improved drugs and diagnostic tools for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sbonelo Khanyile
- Biotechnology and Structural Biology (BSB) Group, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa
| | - Priscilla Masamba
- Biotechnology and Structural Biology (BSB) Group, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa
| | - Babatunji Emmanuel Oyinloye
- Biotechnology and Structural Biology (BSB) Group, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa.,Department of Biochemistry, College of Sciences, Afe Babalola University, PMB 5454, Ado-Ekiti 360001, Nigeria
| | - Londiwe Simphiwe Mbatha
- Biotechnology and Structural Biology (BSB) Group, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa
| | - Abidemi Paul Kappo
- Biotechnology and Structural Biology (BSB) Group, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa
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37
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Anand P, Filipenko P, Huaman J, Lyudmer M, Hossain M, Santamaria C, Huang K, Ogunwobi OO, Holford M. Selective Inhibition of Liver Cancer Cells Using Venom Peptide. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:E587. [PMID: 31627357 PMCID: PMC6835663 DOI: 10.3390/md17100587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasingly cancer is being viewed as a channelopathy because the passage of ions via ion channels and transporters mediate the regulation of tumor cell survival, death, and motility. As a result, a potential targeted therapy for cancer is to use venom peptides that are selective for ion channels and transporters overexpressed in tumor cells. Here we describe the selectivity and mechanism of action of terebrid snail venom peptide, Tv1, for treating the most common type of liver cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Tv1 inhibited the proliferation of murine HCC cells and significantly reduced tumor size in Tv1-treated syngeneic tumor-bearing mice. Tv1's mechanism of action involves binding to overexpressed transient receptor potential (TRP) channels leading to calcium dependent apoptosis resulting from down-regulation of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Our findings demonstrate the importance of modulating ion channels and the unique potential of venom peptides as tumor specific ligands in the quest for targeted cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prachi Anand
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Hunter College, Belfer Research Building 413 East 69th Street, New York, NY 10021, USA.
- American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th St, New York, NY 10024, USA.
- CUNY Graduate Center Chemistry, Biology, Biochemistry Programs, 365 5th Ave, New York, NY 10016, USA.
- Weill Cornell Medicine (Biochemistry Department), 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Petr Filipenko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Hunter College, Belfer Research Building 413 East 69th Street, New York, NY 10021, USA.
| | - Jeannette Huaman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Hunter College, Belfer Research Building 413 East 69th Street, New York, NY 10021, USA.
- Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College, 695 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Michael Lyudmer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Hunter College, Belfer Research Building 413 East 69th Street, New York, NY 10021, USA.
| | - Marouf Hossain
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Hunter College, Belfer Research Building 413 East 69th Street, New York, NY 10021, USA.
| | - Carolina Santamaria
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Hunter College, Belfer Research Building 413 East 69th Street, New York, NY 10021, USA.
| | - Kelly Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Hunter College, Belfer Research Building 413 East 69th Street, New York, NY 10021, USA.
| | - Olorunseun O Ogunwobi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Hunter College, Belfer Research Building 413 East 69th Street, New York, NY 10021, USA.
- Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College, 695 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Mandë Holford
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Hunter College, Belfer Research Building 413 East 69th Street, New York, NY 10021, USA.
- American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th St, New York, NY 10024, USA.
- CUNY Graduate Center Chemistry, Biology, Biochemistry Programs, 365 5th Ave, New York, NY 10016, USA.
- Weill Cornell Medicine (Biochemistry Department), 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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Ceolin Mariano DO, de Oliveira ÚC, Zaharenko AJ, Pimenta DC, Rádis-Baptista G, Prieto-da-Silva ÁRDB. Bottom-Up Proteomic Analysis of Polypeptide Venom Components of the Giant Ant Dinoponera Quadriceps. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11080448. [PMID: 31362422 PMCID: PMC6722740 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11080448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Ant species have specialized venom systems developed to sting and inoculate a biological cocktail of organic compounds, including peptide and polypeptide toxins, for the purpose of predation and defense. The genus Dinoponera comprises predatory giant ants that inoculate venom capable of causing long-lasting local pain, involuntary shaking, lymphadenopathy, and cardiac arrhythmias, among other symptoms. To deepen our knowledge about venom composition with regard to protein toxins and their roles in the chemical-ecological relationship and human health, we performed a bottom-up proteomics analysis of the crude venom of the giant ant D. quadriceps, popularly known as the "false" tocandiras. For this purpose, we used two different analytical approaches: (i) gel-based proteomics approach, wherein the crude venom was resolved by denaturing sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and all protein bands were excised for analysis; (ii) solution-based proteomics approach, wherein the crude venom protein components were directly fragmented into tryptic peptides in solution for analysis. The proteomic data that resulted from these two methodologies were compared against a previously annotated transcriptomic database of D. quadriceps, and subsequently, a homology search was performed for all identified transcript products. The gel-based proteomics approach unequivocally identified nine toxins of high molecular mass in the venom, as for example, enzymes [hyaluronidase, phospholipase A1, dipeptidyl peptidase and glucose dehydrogenase/flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) quinone] and diverse venom allergens (homologous of the red fire ant Selenopsis invicta) and venom-related proteins (major royal jelly-like). Moreover, the solution-based proteomics revealed and confirmed the presence of several hydrolases, oxidoreductases, proteases, Kunitz-like polypeptides, and the less abundant inhibitor cysteine knot (ICK)-like (knottin) neurotoxins and insect defensin. Our results showed that the major components of the D. quadriceps venom are toxins that are highly likely to damage cell membranes and tissue, to cause neurotoxicity, and to induce allergic reactions, thus, expanding the knowledge about D. quadriceps venom composition and its potential biological effects on prey and victims.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Daniel Carvalho Pimenta
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo SP 05503-900, Brazil
| | - Gandhi Rádis-Baptista
- Laboratorio of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Institute for Marine Sciences, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza CE 60165-081, Brazil.
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Patil R, Galstyan A, Sun T, Shatalova ES, Butte P, Mamelak AN, Carico C, Kittle DS, Grodzinski ZB, Chiechi A, Ding H, Black KL, Ljubimova JY, Holler E. Polymalic acid chlorotoxin nanoconjugate for near-infrared fluorescence guided resection of glioblastoma multiforme. Biomaterials 2019; 206:146-159. [PMID: 30933776 PMCID: PMC6574176 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Maximal surgical resection of glioma remains the single most effective treatment. Tools to guide the resection while avoiding removal of normal brain tissues can aid surgeons in achieving optimal results. One strategy to achieve this goal is to rely upon interoperative fluorescence staining of tumor cells in vivo, that can be visualized by the surgeon during resection. Towards this goal we have designed a biodegradable fluorescent mini nano imaging agent (NIA) with high specificity for U87MG glioma cells and previously unmet high light emission. The NIA is the conjugate of polymalic acid (PMLA) with chlorotoxin for tumor targeting, indocyanine green (ICG) for NIR fluorescence and the tri-leucin peptide as fluorescence enhancer. PMLA as a multivalent platform carries several molecules of ICG and the other ligands. The NIA recognizes multiple sites on glioma cell surface, demonstrated by the effects of single and combined competitors. Systemic IV injection into xenogeneic mouse model carrying human U87MG glioblastoma indicated vivid tumor cell binding and internalization of NIA resulting in intensive and long-lasting tumor fluorescence. The NIA is shown to greatly improve tumor removal supporting its utility in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rameshwar Patil
- Nanomedicine Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Anna Galstyan
- Nanomedicine Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Tao Sun
- Nanomedicine Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Ekaterina S Shatalova
- Nanomedicine Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Pramod Butte
- Nanomedicine Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Adam N Mamelak
- Nanomedicine Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Christine Carico
- The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - David S Kittle
- Blaze Bioscience, Inc. Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Zachary B Grodzinski
- Nanomedicine Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Antonella Chiechi
- Nanomedicine Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Hui Ding
- Nanomedicine Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Keith L Black
- Nanomedicine Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Julia Y Ljubimova
- Nanomedicine Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Eggehard Holler
- Nanomedicine Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
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Patil CG, Walker DG, Miller DM, Butte P, Morrison B, Kittle DS, Hansen SJ, Nufer KL, Byrnes-Blake KA, Yamada M, Lin LL, Pham K, Perry J, Parrish-Novak J, Ishak L, Prow T, Black K, Mamelak AN. Phase 1 Safety, Pharmacokinetics, and Fluorescence Imaging Study of Tozuleristide (BLZ-100) in Adults With Newly Diagnosed or Recurrent Gliomas. Neurosurgery 2019; 85:E641-E649. [DOI: 10.1093/neuros/nyz125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractBACKGROUNDFluorescence-guided surgery (FGS) can improve extent of resection in gliomas. Tozuleristide (BLZ-100), a near-infrared imaging agent composed of the peptide chlorotoxin and a near-infrared fluorophore indocyanine green, is a candidate molecule for FGS of glioma and other tumor types.OBJECTIVETo perform a phase 1 dose-escalation study to characterize the safety, pharmacokinetics, and fluorescence imaging of tozuleristide in adults with suspected glioma.METHODSPatients received a single intravenous dose of tozuleristide 3 to 29 h before surgery. Fluorescence images of tumor and cavity in Situ before and after resection and of excised tissue ex Vivo were acquired, along with safety and pharmacokinetic measures.RESULTSA total of 17 subjects received doses between 3 and 30 mg. No dose-limiting toxicity was observed, and no reported adverse events were considered related to tozuleristide. At doses of 9 mg and above, the terminal serum half-life for tozuleristide was approximately 30 min. Fluorescence signal was detected in both high- and low-grade glial tumors, with high-grade tumors generally showing greater fluorescence intensity compared to lower grade tumors. In high-grade tumors, signal intensity increased with increased dose levels of tozuleristide, regardless of the time of dosing relative to surgery.CONCLUSIONThese results support the safety of tozuleristide at doses up to 30 mg and suggest that tozuleristide imaging may be useful for FGS of gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David G Walker
- NEWRO Foundation, Brisbane, Australia
- Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Pramod Butte
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | | | | | | | - Kaitlin L Nufer
- Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Miko Yamada
- Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Lynlee L Lin
- Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kim Pham
- Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jeff Perry
- Blaze Bioscience, Inc, Seattle, Washington
| | | | | | - Tarl Prow
- Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Keith Black
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
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Effects of Selective Substitution of Cysteine Residues on the Conformational Properties of Chlorotoxin Explored by Molecular Dynamics Simulations. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20061261. [PMID: 30871150 PMCID: PMC6470725 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlorotoxin (CTX) is a 36–amino acid peptide with eight Cys residues that forms four disulfide bonds. It has high affinity for the glioma-specific chloride channel and matrix metalloprotease-2. Structural and binding properties of CTX analogs with various Cys residue substitutions with l-α-aminobutyric acid (Abu) have been previously reported. Using 4.2 µs molecular dynamics, we compared the conformational and essential space sampling of CTX and analogs with selective substitution of the Cys residues and associated disulfide bonds with either Abu or Ser. The native and substituted peptides maintained a high degree of α-helix propensity from residues 8 through 21, with the exception of substitution of the Cys5–Cys28 residues with Ser and the Cys16–Cys33 residues with Abu. In agreement with previous circular dichroism spectropolarimetry results, the C-terminal β-sheet content varied less from residues 25 through 29 and 32 through 36 and was well conserved in most analogs. The Cys16–Cys33 and Cys20–Cys35 disulfide-bonded residues appear to be required to maintain the αβ motif of CTX. Selective substitution with the hydrophilic Ser, may mitigate the destabilizing effect of Cys16–Cys33 substitution through the formation of an inter residue H-bond from Ser16:OγH to Ser33:OγH bridged by a water molecule. All peptides shared considerable sampled conformational space, which explains the retained receptor binding of the non-native analogs.
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42
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Gaseous signaling molecules and their application in resistant cancer treatment: from invisible to visible. Future Med Chem 2019; 11:323-336. [PMID: 30802141 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2018-0403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) in cancer remains a critical obstacle for efficient chemotherapy. Many MDR reversal agents have been discovered but failed in clinical trials due to severe toxic effects. Gaseous signaling molecules (GSMs), such as oxygen, nitric oxide, hydrogen sulfide and carbon monoxide, play key roles in regulating cell biological function and MDR. Compared with other toxic chemosensitizing agents, GSMs are endogenous and biocompatible molecules with little side effects. Research show that GSM modulators, including pharmaceutical formulations of GSMs (combined with conventional chemotherapeutic drugs) and GSM-donors (small molecules with GSMs releasing property), can overcome or reverse MDR. This review discusses the roles of these four GSMs in modulating MDR, and summarizes GSMs modulators in treating cancers with drug resistance.
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Kutova OM, Guryev EL, Sokolova EA, Alzeibak R, Balalaeva IV. Targeted Delivery to Tumors: Multidirectional Strategies to Improve Treatment Efficiency. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11010068. [PMID: 30634580 PMCID: PMC6356537 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11010068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant tumors are characterized by structural and molecular peculiarities providing a possibility to directionally deliver antitumor drugs with minimal impact on healthy tissues and reduced side effects. Newly formed blood vessels in malignant lesions exhibit chaotic growth, disordered structure, irregular shape and diameter, protrusions, and blind ends, resulting in immature vasculature; the newly formed lymphatic vessels also have aberrant structure. Structural features of the tumor vasculature determine relatively easy penetration of large molecules as well as nanometer-sized particles through a blood⁻tissue barrier and their accumulation in a tumor tissue. Also, malignant cells have altered molecular profile due to significant changes in tumor cell metabolism at every level from the genome to metabolome. Recently, the tumor interaction with cells of immune system becomes the focus of particular attention, that among others findings resulted in extensive study of cells with preferential tropism to tumor. In this review we summarize the information on the diversity of currently existing approaches to targeted drug delivery to tumor, including (i) passive targeting based on the specific features of tumor vasculature, (ii) active targeting which implies a specific binding of the antitumor agent with its molecular target, and (iii) cell-mediated tumor targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga M Kutova
- The Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin ave., Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia.
| | - Evgenii L Guryev
- The Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin ave., Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia.
| | - Evgeniya A Sokolova
- The Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin ave., Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia.
| | - Razan Alzeibak
- The Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin ave., Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia.
| | - Irina V Balalaeva
- The Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin ave., Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia.
- The Institute of Molecular Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 8-2 Trubetskaya str., Moscow 119991, Russia.
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Ojeda PG, Henriques ST, Pan Y, Nicolazzo JA, Craik DJ, Wang CK. Lysine to arginine mutagenesis of chlorotoxin enhances its cellular uptake. Biopolymers 2018; 108. [PMID: 28459137 DOI: 10.1002/bip.23025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chlorotoxin (CTX), a disulfide-rich peptide from the scorpion Leiurus quinquestriatus, has several promising biopharmaceutical properties, including preferential affinity for certain cancer cells, high serum stability, and cell penetration. These properties underpin its potential for use as a drug design scaffold, especially for the treatment of cancer; indeed, several analogs of CTX have reached clinical trials. Here, we focus on its ability to internalize into cells-a trait associated with a privileged subclass of peptides called cell-penetrating peptides-and whether it can be improved through conservative substitutions. Mutants of CTX were made using solid-phase peptide synthesis and internalization into human cervical carcinoma (HeLa) cells was monitored by fluorescence and confocal microscopy. CTX_M1 (ie, [K15R/K23R]CTX) and CTX_M2 (ie, [K15R/K23R/Y29W]CTX) mutants showed at least a twofold improvement in uptake compared to CTX. We further showed that these mutants internalize into HeLa cells largely via an energy-dependent mechanism. Importantly, the mutants have high stability, remaining intact in serum for over 24 h; thus, retaining the characteristic stability of their parent peptide. Overall, we have shown that simple conservative substitutions can enhance the cellular uptake of CTX, suggesting that such type of mutations might be useful for improving uptake of other peptide toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola G Ojeda
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.,Centro de Bioinformática y Simulación Molecular (CBSM), Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Sónia Troeira Henriques
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Yijun Pan
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Joseph A Nicolazzo
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - David J Craik
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Conan K Wang
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
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45
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Cohen G, Burks SR, Frank JA. Chlorotoxin-A Multimodal Imaging Platform for Targeting Glioma Tumors. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:E496. [PMID: 30486274 PMCID: PMC6316809 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10120496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlorotoxin (CTX) is a 36-amino-acid disulfide-containing peptide derived from the venom of the scorpion Leiurus quinquestriatus. CTX alters physiology in numerous ways. It interacts with voltage gated chloride channels, Annexin-2, and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2). CTX-based bioconjugates have been widely subjected to phase I/II clinical trials and have shown substantial promise. Many studies have demonstrated that CTX preferentially binds to neuroectodermal tumors, such as glioblastoma, without cross-reactivity to normal brain cells. With its ability to penetrate the blood-brain-barrier (BBB) and its tyrosine residue allows covalent conjugation with functional moieties, CTX is an attractive platform to explore development of diagnostic and therapeutic agents for gliomas. In this review, we outline CTX structure and its molecular targets, summarize molecular variations of CTX developed for glioma imaging, and discuss future trends and perspectives for CTX conjugates as a theranostic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gadi Cohen
- Frank Laboratory, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Scott R Burks
- Frank Laboratory, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Joseph A Frank
- Frank Laboratory, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
- National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Mizrahy S, Gutkin A, Decuzzi P, Peer D. Targeting central nervous system pathologies with nanomedicines. J Drug Target 2018; 27:542-554. [PMID: 30296187 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2018.1533556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
One of the major challenges in drug development is the delivery of therapeutics to the central nervous system (CNS). The blood-brain barrier (BBB), which modulates the passage of molecules from the CNS, presents a formidable obstacle that limits brain uptake of therapeutics and, therefore, impedes the treatment of multiple neurological pathologies. Targeted nanocarriers present an excellent opportunity for drug delivery into the brain leveraging on endogenous receptors to transport therapeutics across the BBB endothelium. Receptor-mediated transport endows multiple benefits over other conventional delivery methods such as the transient permeabilization of the BBB or the direct depositioning of intracranial depots. Herein, different strategies for nanocarrier targeting to the CNS are discussed, highlighting the challenges and recent developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoshy Mizrahy
- a Laboratory of Precision NanoMedicine, School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology , George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv , Israel.,b Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering , Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv , Israel.,c Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology , Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv , Israel.,d Cancer Biology Research Center , Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv , Israel.,e Laboratory of Nanotechnology for Precision Medicine , Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Genoa , Italy
| | - Anna Gutkin
- a Laboratory of Precision NanoMedicine, School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology , George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv , Israel.,b Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering , Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv , Israel.,c Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology , Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv , Israel.,d Cancer Biology Research Center , Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv , Israel
| | - Paolo Decuzzi
- e Laboratory of Nanotechnology for Precision Medicine , Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Genoa , Italy
| | - Dan Peer
- a Laboratory of Precision NanoMedicine, School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology , George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv , Israel.,b Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering , Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv , Israel.,c Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology , Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv , Israel.,d Cancer Biology Research Center , Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv , Israel
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47
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Ortiz E, Possani LD. Scorpion toxins to unravel the conundrum of ion channel structure and functioning. Toxicon 2018; 150:17-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2018.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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48
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Tanner MR, Beeton C. Differences in ion channel phenotype and function between humans and animal models. FRONT BIOSCI-LANDMRK 2018; 23:43-64. [PMID: 28930537 PMCID: PMC5626566 DOI: 10.2741/4581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ion channels play crucial roles in regulating a broad range of physiological processes. They form a very large family of transmembrane proteins. Their diversity results from not only a large number of different genes encoding for ion channel subunits but also the ability of subunits to assemble into homo- or heteromultimers, the existence of splice variants, and the expression of different regulatory subunits. These characteristics and the existence of very selective modulators make ion channels very attractive targets for therapy in a wide variety of pathologies. Some ion channels are already being targeted in the clinic while many more are being evaluated as novel drug targets in both clinical and preclinical studies. Advancing ion channel modulators from the bench to the clinic requires their assessment for safety and efficacy in animal models. While extrapolating results from one species to another is tempting, doing such without careful evaluation of the ion channels in different species presents a risk as the translation is not always straightforward. Here, we discuss differences between species in terms of ion channels expressed in selected tissues, differing roles of ion channels in some cell types, variable response to pharmacological agents, and human channelopathies that cannot fully be replicated in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R Tanner
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston TX 77030, and Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston TX 77030
| | - Christine Beeton
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston TX 77030, and Center for Drug Discovery and Biology of Inflammation Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston TX 77030,
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49
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan M. Akef
- National Organization for Research and Control of Biologicals (NORCB), Giza, Egypt
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50
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Hellinger R, Thell K, Vasileva M, Muhammad T, Gunasekera S, Kümmel D, Göransson U, Becker CW, Gruber CW. Chemical Proteomics for Target Discovery of Head-to-Tail Cyclized Mini-Proteins. Front Chem 2017; 5:73. [PMID: 29075625 PMCID: PMC5641551 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2017.00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Target deconvolution is one of the most challenging tasks in drug discovery, but a key step in drug development. In contrast to small molecules, there is a lack of validated and robust methodologies for target elucidation of peptides. In particular, it is difficult to apply these methods to cyclic and cysteine-stabilized peptides since they exhibit reduced amenability to chemical modification and affinity capture; however, such ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptide natural products are rich sources of promising drug candidates. For example, plant-derived circular peptides called cyclotides have recently attracted much attention due to their immunosuppressive effects and oral activity in the treatment of multiple sclerosis in mice, but their molecular target has hitherto not been reported. In this study, a chemical proteomics approach using photo-affinity crosslinking was developed to determine a target for the circular peptide [T20K]kalata B1. Using this prototypic nature-derived peptide enabled the identification of a possible functional modulation of 14-3-3 proteins. This biochemical interaction was validated via competition pull down assays as well as a cellular reporter assay indicating an effect on 14-3-3-dependent transcriptional activity. As proof of concept, the presented approach may be applicable for target elucidation of various cyclic peptides and mini-proteins, in particular cyclotides, which represent a promising class of molecules in drug discovery and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Hellinger
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kathrin Thell
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mina Vasileva
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Taj Muhammad
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sunithi Gunasekera
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Daniel Kümmel
- School of Biology/Chemistry, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Ulf Göransson
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Christian W Becker
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biological Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian W Gruber
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
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