1
|
Diao Y, Hao T, Liu X, Yang H. Advances in single ice crystal shaping materials: From nature to synthesis and applications in cryopreservation. Acta Biomater 2024; 174:49-68. [PMID: 38040076 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Antifreeze (glyco) proteins [AF(G)Ps], which are widely present in various extreme microorganisms, can control the formation and growth of ice crystals. Given the significance of cryogenic technology in biomedicine, climate science, electronic energy, and other fields of research, scientists are quite interested in the development and synthesis high-efficiency bionic antifreeze protein materials, particularly to reproduce their dynamic ice shaping (DIS) characteristics. Single ice crystal shaping materials, a promising class of ice-controlling materials, can alter the morphology and growth rate of ice crystals at low temperatures. This review aims to highlight the development of single ice crystal shaping materials and provide a brief comparison between a series of natural and bionic synthetic materials with DIS ability, which include AF(G)Ps, polymers, salts, and nanomaterials. Additionally, we summarize their applications in cryopreservation. Finally, this paper presents the current challenges and prospects encountered in developing high-efficiency and practical single ice crystal shaping materials. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The formation and growth of ice crystals hold a significant importance to an incredibly broad range of fields. Therefore, the design and fabrication of the single ice crystal shaping materials have gained the increasing popularity due to its key role in dynamic ice shaping (DIS) characteristics. Especially, single ice crystal shaping materials are considered one of the most promising candidates as ice inhibitors, presenting tremendous prospects for enhancing cryopreservation. In this work, we focus on the molecular characteristics, structure-function relationships, and DIS mechanisms of typical natural and biomimetic synthetic materials. This review may provide inspiration for the design and preparation of single ice crystal shaping materials and give guidance for the development of effective cryopreservation agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunhe Diao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, 450001 Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Tongtong Hao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Xuying Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, 450001 Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Huige Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, 450001 Zhengzhou, Henan, China..
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
He W, Zhan T, Han H, Xu Y. Optimization of Deep Eutectic Solvents Enables Green and Efficient Cryopreservation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:624-637. [PMID: 38114446 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c02808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Cryopreservation presents significant opportunities for biomedical applications including cell therapy, tissue engineering, and assisted reproduction. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), the most commonly used cryoprotectant (CPA), can be added to cells to prevent cryogenic damage. However, the toxicity of cryoprotectants restrains its further development in many areas with safety concerns such as clinical treatment. Therefore, the development of low-toxicity cryoprotectants is essential for medical research. This work reports deep eutectic solvents (DES) as naturally biocompatible osmoprotectants for green and efficient cryopreservation of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (HuMSC), which may be an ideal alternative to DMSO. The six types of DESs were explored for thermal properties, toxicity, and permeability in cells. Raman spectroscopy and viscosity studies showed that DES exhibited an improved hydrogen-bonding system as the temperature decreased. By optimizing the freezing process (cooling rate, incubation time, and loading procedure) of DES, the viability of mouse embryonic fibroblast cells (NIH-3T3) after thawing was significantly improved. The HuMSC were successfully preserved with no significant difference (p > 0.05) in cell viability (94.65%) after thawing compared with DMSO, which preserved the cell differentiation function and improved the cell proliferation rate. The mechanism of DES in cryopreservation was investigated, and it was found that DES could bind water molecules and effectively inhibit the growth of ice crystals during ice recrystallization, reducing mechanical damage to cells. This study highlights the excellent performance of DES as a low-toxicity CPA for stem cell preservation, which may be a significant advance for future clinical cell therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei He
- Institute of Biothermal Science & Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
- Shanghai Co-innovation Center for Energy Therapy of Tumors, Shanghai 200093, China
- Shanghai Technical Service Platform for Cryopreservation of Biological Resources, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Taijie Zhan
- Institute of Biothermal Science & Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
- Shanghai Co-innovation Center for Energy Therapy of Tumors, Shanghai 200093, China
- Shanghai Technical Service Platform for Cryopreservation of Biological Resources, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Hengxin Han
- Institute of Biothermal Science & Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
- Shanghai Co-innovation Center for Energy Therapy of Tumors, Shanghai 200093, China
- Shanghai Technical Service Platform for Cryopreservation of Biological Resources, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Yi Xu
- Institute of Biothermal Science & Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
- Shanghai Co-innovation Center for Energy Therapy of Tumors, Shanghai 200093, China
- Shanghai Technical Service Platform for Cryopreservation of Biological Resources, Shanghai 200093, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Alasmar S, Huang J, Chopra K, Baumann E, Aylsworth A, Hewitt M, Sandhu JK, Tauskela JS, Ben RN, Jezierski A. Improved Cryopreservation of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell (iPSC) and iPSC-derived Neurons Using Ice-Recrystallization Inhibitors. Stem Cells 2023; 41:1006-1021. [PMID: 37622655 PMCID: PMC10631806 DOI: 10.1093/stmcls/sxad059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and iPSC-derived neurons (iPSC-Ns) represent a differentiated modality toward developing novel cell-based therapies for regenerative medicine. However, the successful application of iPSC-Ns in cell-replacement therapies relies on effective cryopreservation. In this study, we investigated the role of ice recrystallization inhibitors (IRIs) as novel cryoprotectants for iPSCs and terminally differentiated iPSC-Ns. We found that one class of IRIs, N-aryl-D-aldonamides (specifically 2FA), increased iPSC post-thaw viability and recovery with no adverse effect on iPSC pluripotency. While 2FA supplementation did not significantly improve iPSC-N cell post-thaw viability, we observed that 2FA cryopreserved iPSC-Ns re-established robust neuronal network activity and synaptic function much earlier compared to CS10 cryopreserved controls. The 2FA cryopreserved iPSC-Ns retained expression of key neuronal specific and terminally differentiated markers and displayed functional electrophysiological and neuropharmacological responses following treatment with neuroactive agonists and antagonists. We demonstrate how optimizing cryopreservation media formulations with IRIs represents a promising strategy to improve functional cryopreservation of iPSCs and post-mitotic iPSC-Ns, the latter of which have been challenging to achieve. Developing IRI enabling technologies to support an effective cryopreservation and an efficiently managed cryo-chain is fundamental to support the delivery of successful iPSC-derived therapies to the clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salma Alasmar
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Faculty of Science, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jez Huang
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Karishma Chopra
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Faculty of Science, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Ewa Baumann
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Amy Aylsworth
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Melissa Hewitt
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jagdeep K Sandhu
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, , Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Joseph S Tauskela
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Robert N Ben
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Faculty of Science, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Anna Jezierski
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, , Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yuan H, Zhong Z, Liu Z, Ye Q. Factors influencing the success of cryopreserved parathyroid autotransplantation: A systematic review. Asian J Surg 2023; 46:3426-3431. [PMID: 37105818 DOI: 10.1016/j.asjsur.2023.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Permanent hypoparathyroidism is a postoperative complication of thyroid and parathyroid surgery and can be cured by cryopreserved parathyroid autotransplantation (CPAT). However, due to the lack of unified and standardized guidelines, the limited ability of the parathyroid tissue itself to withstand cryopreservation, and some yet-to-be-defined processes or technologies, the success rate of cryopreserved parathyroid autotransplantation varies between institutions; it is low for some institutions and high for others. Due to the sparsity of data, views vary on which factors most influence the success rate of cryopreserved parathyroid autotransplantation. In this review, we analyzed the following probable influencing factors: ischemic period before cryopreservation; processes of cryopreservation and thawing, including freezing medium; freezing and thawing methods; duration of cryopreservation; examination of the graft before transplantation; graft site; mass of transplanted tissue fragments; blood calcium level; and the evaluation criteria for cryopreserved parathyroid autotransplantation success. Although the effects of these factors are debatable, we hypothesized that examining them in the above-given order to determine whether they affect the success rate of cryopreserved parathyroid autotransplantation could be beneficial to maximizing the success rate. Our findings led us to conclude that cryopreserved parathyroid autotransplantation operations should be standardized. Standardized guidelines for cryopreserved parathyroid autotransplantation that include such factors as ischemic period time, freezing and thawing methods, and recipient status should be established based on a comprehensive analysis of these factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Yuan
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases of Wuhan University, Transplant Center of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; National Quality Control Center for Donated Organ Procurement, Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on Transplantation, Hubei Clinical Research Center for Natural Polymer Biological Liver, Hubei Engineering Center of Natural Polymer-Based Medical Materials, Wuhan, China
| | - Zibiao Zhong
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases of Wuhan University, Transplant Center of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; National Quality Control Center for Donated Organ Procurement, Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on Transplantation, Hubei Clinical Research Center for Natural Polymer Biological Liver, Hubei Engineering Center of Natural Polymer-Based Medical Materials, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhongzhong Liu
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases of Wuhan University, Transplant Center of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; National Quality Control Center for Donated Organ Procurement, Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on Transplantation, Hubei Clinical Research Center for Natural Polymer Biological Liver, Hubei Engineering Center of Natural Polymer-Based Medical Materials, Wuhan, China.
| | - Qifa Ye
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases of Wuhan University, Transplant Center of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; National Quality Control Center for Donated Organ Procurement, Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on Transplantation, Hubei Clinical Research Center for Natural Polymer Biological Liver, Hubei Engineering Center of Natural Polymer-Based Medical Materials, Wuhan, China; The 3rd Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Research Center of National Health Ministry on Transplantation Medicine Engineering and Technology, Changsha, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Parihar A, Kumar A, Panda U, Khan R, Parihar DS, Khan R. Cryopreservation: A Comprehensive Overview, Challenges, and Future Perspectives. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2023; 7:e2200285. [PMID: 36755194 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202200285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Cryopreservation is the most prevalent method of long-term cell preservation. Effective cell cryopreservation depends on freezing, adequate storage, and correct thawing techniques. Recent advances in cryopreservation techniques minimize the cellular damage which occurs while processing samples. This article focuses on the fundamentals of cryopreservation techniques and how they can be implemented in a variety of clinical settings. The article presents a brief description of each of the standard cryopreservation procedures, such as slow freezing and vitrification. Alongside that, the membrane permeating and nonpermeating cryoprotectants are briefly discussed, along with current advancements in the field of cryopreservation and variables influencing the cryopreservation process. The diminution of cryoinjury incurred by the cell via the resuscitation process will also be highlighted. In the end application of cryopreservation techniques in many fields, with a special emphasis on stem cell preservation techniques and current advancements presented. Furthermore, the challenges while implementing cryopreservation and the futuristic scope of the fields are illustrated herein. The content of this review sheds light on various ways to enhance the output of the cell preservation process and minimize cryoinjury while improving cell revival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arpana Parihar
- Industrial Waste Utilization, Nano and Biomaterials, CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462026, India
| | - Avinash Kumar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Design & Manufacturing (IIITD&M), Kancheepuram, 600127, India
| | - Udwesh Panda
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Design & Manufacturing (IIITD&M), Kancheepuram, 600127, India
| | - Rukhsar Khan
- Department of Biosciences, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462026, India
| | | | - Raju Khan
- Industrial Waste Utilization, Nano and Biomaterials, CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462026, India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Heydarzadeh S, Kia SK, Boroomand S, Hedayati M. Recent Developments in Cell Shipping Methods. Biotechnol Bioeng 2022; 119:2985-3006. [PMID: 35898166 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
As opposed to remarkable advances in the cell therapy industry, researches reveal inexplicable difficulties associated with preserving and post-thawing cell death. Post cryopreservation apoptosis is a common occurrence that has attracted the attention of scientists to use apoptosis inhibitors. Transporting cells without compromising their survival and function is crucial for any experimental cell-based therapy. Preservation of cells allows the safe transportation of cells between distances and improves quality control testing in clinical and research applications. The vitality of transported cells is used to evaluate the efficacy of transportation strategies. For many decades, the conventional global methods of cell transfer were not only expensive but also challenging and had adverse effects. The first determination of some projects is optimizing cell survival after cryopreservation. The new generation of cryopreservation science wishes to find appropriate and alternative methods for cell transportation to ship viable cells at an ambient temperature without dry ice or in media-filled flasks. The diversity of cell therapies demands new cell shipping methodologies and cryoprotectants. In this review, we tried to summarize novel improved cryopreservation methods and alternatives to cryopreservation with safe and viable cell shipping at ambient temperature, including dry preservation, hypothermic preservation, gel-based methods, encapsulation methods, fibrin microbeads, and osmolyte solution compositions. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shabnam Heydarzadeh
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, Falavarjan Branch Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sima Kheradmand Kia
- Laboratory for Red Blood Cell Diagnostics, Sanquin, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Seti Boroomand
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mehdi Hedayati
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Arutyunyan I, Elchaninov A, Sukhikh G, Fatkhudinov T. Cryopreservation of Tissue-Engineered Scaffold-Based Constructs: from Concept to Reality. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2022; 18:1234-1252. [PMID: 34761366 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10299-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Creation of scaffold-based tissue-engineered constructs (SB TECs) is costly and requires coordinated qualified efforts. Cryopreservation enables longer shelf-life for SB TECs while enormously enhancing their availability as medical products. Regenerative treatment with cryopreserved SB TECs prepared in advance (possibly prêt-à-porter) can be started straight away on demand. Animal studies and clinical trials indicate similar levels of safety for cryopreserved and freshly prepared SB TECs. Although cryopreservation of such constructs is more difficult than that of cell suspensions or tissues, years of research have proved the principal possibility of using ready-to-transplant SB TECs after prolonged cryostorage. Cryopreservation efficiency depends not only on the sheer viability of adherent cells on scaffolds after thawing, but largely on the retention of proliferative and functional properties by the cells, as well as physical and mechanical properties by the scaffolds. Cryopreservation protocols require careful optimization, as their efficiency depends on multiple parameters including cryosensitivity of cells, chemistry and architecture of scaffolds, conditions of cell culture before freezing, cryoprotectant formulations, etc. In this review we discuss recent achievements in SB TEC cryopreservation as a major boost for the field of tissue engineering and biobanking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irina Arutyunyan
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology named after Academician V.I. Kulakov of Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey Elchaninov
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology named after Academician V.I. Kulakov of Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
- Research Institute of Human Morphology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Gennady Sukhikh
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology named after Academician V.I. Kulakov of Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Timur Fatkhudinov
- Research Institute of Human Morphology, Moscow, Russia.
- Department of Histology, Cytology and Embryology, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University, 6, Miklukho-Maklaya Street, 117198, Moscow, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Accelerating cryoprotectant diffusion kinetics improves cryopreservation of pancreatic islets. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10418. [PMID: 34001961 PMCID: PMC8129116 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89853-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryopreservation offers the potential to increase the availability of pancreatic islets for treatment of diabetic patients. However, current protocols, which use dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), lead to poor cryosurvival of islets. We demonstrate that equilibration of mouse islets with small molecules in aqueous solutions can be accelerated from > 24 to 6 h by increasing incubation temperature to 37 °C. We utilize this finding to demonstrate that current viability staining protocols are inaccurate and to develop a novel cryopreservation method combining DMSO with trehalose pre-incubation to achieve improved cryosurvival. This protocol resulted in improved ATP/ADP ratios and peptide secretion from β-cells, preserved cAMP response, and a gene expression profile consistent with improved cryoprotection. Our findings have potential to increase the availability of islets for transplantation and to inform the design of cryopreservation protocols for other multicellular aggregates, including organoids and bioengineered tissues.
Collapse
|
9
|
Prinelli A, Silva-Almeida C, Parks S, Pasotti A, Telopoulou A, Dunlop S, Sutherland E, Lynch M, Ewart MA, Wilde CJ, Töpfer E. In-Plate Cryopreservation of 2D and 3D Cell Models: Innovative Tools for Biomedical Research and Preclinical Drug Discovery. SLAS DISCOVERY 2020; 26:32-43. [PMID: 33021863 DOI: 10.1177/2472555220960028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cell-based assays performed in multiwell plates are utilized in basic and translational research in a variety of cell models. The assembly of these multiwell platforms and their use is often laboratory specific, preventing the standardization of methods and the comparison of outputs across different analytical sites. Moreover, when cell models are based on primary cells with specialized culture requirements, including three-dimensional (3D) cell culture, their complexity and the need for manipulation by experienced operators can add significant cost and introduce long lead times to analysis, both of which are undesirable in any preclinical situation. To address this issue, we explored adaptations of cryopreservation technology that allow cells to be cryopreserved in-plate, ready for use in analysis, and have developed a method applicable to cells from different origins and different culture formats. Here we describe the application of this technology to conventional two-dimensional (2D) monolayers of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and human macrophages derived from primary monocytes, and to 3D cultures of hepatic organoids, colon organoids, and colon tumor organoids, each presented for cryopreservation in their obligate extracellular matrix. We demonstrated that cell viability, cell physiology, and cytotoxic sensitivity were maintained after cryopreservation, such that the models offer the means to uncouple model assembly from analytical use and to standardize cell models in product form for distribution to end users.
Collapse
|
10
|
Effects of Cryopreservation on Cell Metabolic Activity and Function of Biofabricated Structures Laden with Osteoblasts. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13081966. [PMID: 32331435 PMCID: PMC7215951 DOI: 10.3390/ma13081966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Biofabrication and maturation of bone constructs is a long-term task that requires a high degree of specialization. This specialization falls onto the hierarchy complexity of the bone tissue that limits the transfer of this technology to the clinic. This work studied the effects of the short-term cryopreservation on biofabricated osteoblast-containing structures, with the final aim to make them steadily available in biobanks. The biological responses studied include the osteoblast post-thawing metabolic activity and the recovery of the osteoblastic function of 3D-bioprinted osteoblastic structures and beta tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) scaffolds infiltrated with osteoblasts encapsulated in a hydrogel. The obtained structures were cryopreserved at −80 °C for 7 days using dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as cryoprotectant additive. After thawing the structures were cultured up to 14 days. The results revealed fundamental biological aspects for the successful cryopreservation of osteoblast constructs. In summary, immature osteoblasts take longer to recover than mature osteoblasts. The pre-cryopreservation culture period had an important effect on the metabolic activity and function maintain, faster recovering normal values when cryopreserved after longer-term culture (7 days). The use of β-TCP scaffolds further improved the osteoblast survival after cryopreservation, resulting in similar levels of alkaline phosphatase activity in comparison with the non-preserved structures. These results contribute to the understanding of the biology of cryopreserved osteoblast constructs, approaching biofabrication to the clinical practice.
Collapse
|
11
|
Bashawat M, Braun BC, Müller K. Cell survival after cryopreservation of dissociated testicular cells from feline species. Cryobiology 2020; 97:191-197. [PMID: 32194031 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2020.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Testicular cell suspension (TCS) can be cryopreserved for male germ-line preservation and fertility restoration. We aimed to validate a cryopreservation protocol for TCS of domestic cat to be applied in endangered felids species. Testis tissue from adult domestic cats was enzymatically dissociated and spermatogenic cells were enriched. The resulting TCS was diluted in 7.5% or 15% Me2SO based medium. Slow and fast freezing methods were tested. We examined the effects of freezing approaches using two combinations of fluorescent dyes: Calcein-AM with Propidium iodide (C/PI) and SYBR14 with Propidium iodide (S/PI). Ploidy analysis of domestic cat fresh TCS revealed that the majority of testicular cells were haploid cells. Based on microscopic observation, two size populations (12.3 ± 2.3 μm and 20.5 ± 4 μm in diameter) were identified and presumed to be mainly spermatids and spermatocytes, respectively. Both evaluation methods proved higher viability of aggregated cells before and after cryopreservation compared with single cells, and superiority of low concentration of Me2SO (7.5%) in association with slow freezing to preserve viability of testicular cells. However, S/PI resulted in a more precise evaluation compared with the C/PI method. The combination of 7.5% Me2SO-based medium with slow freezing yielded post thaw viability of S/PI labeled aggregated (49.8 ± 20%) and single cells (31.5 ± 8.1%). Comparable results were achieved using testes of a Cheetah and an Asiatic golden cat. In conclusion, TCS from domestic cat can be successfully cryopreserved and has the potential to support fertility restoration of endangered felids species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Bashawat
- Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke-Str. 17, D-10315, Berlin, Germany.
| | - B C Braun
- Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke-Str. 17, D-10315, Berlin, Germany
| | - K Müller
- Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke-Str. 17, D-10315, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Bumbat M, Wang M, Liang W, Ye P, Sun W, Liu B. Effects of Me 2SO and Trehalose on the Cell Viability, Proliferation, and Bcl-2 Family Gene ( BCL-2, BAX, and BAD) Expression in Cryopreserved Human Breast Cancer Cells. Biopreserv Biobank 2019; 18:33-40. [PMID: 31800305 DOI: 10.1089/bio.2019.0082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-term cryopreservation of the viability and metabolic state of cells in cancer cell/tissue specimens has significant implications for diagnostic verification of disease progression in cancer patients and selection of effective treatment options via development of the patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models for drug screening. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of cryoprotectant agents (CPAs) on the expression of BCL-2 family genes (BCL-2, BAX, and BAD) that are involved in the growth and development of breast cancers. MCF-7 cells were cryopreserved in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) with 20% (v/v) fetal bovine serum, using 10% (v/v) Me2SO (dimethyl sulfoxide, DMSO) or 7.5% (v/v) Me2SO with 100is-300 mM trehalose as cryoprotectant solutions. After storage at -80°C for 7 days, the cells were thawed for evaluation. The use of Me2SO and trehalose has affected cell survival, proliferation, apoptotic state, as well as BCL-2 family gene expression. The conventional 10% (v/v) Me2SO method yields ∼80% post-thaw cell survival and good cell proliferation, but it drastically alters the pattern of the BCL-2 family gene expression. The antiapoptotic gene BCL-2 is downregulated, whereas two proapoptotic genes BAX and BAD are upregulated. The partial substitution of Me2SO with 200 or 300 mM trehalose enhances cell proliferation of survived cells after cryopreservation. The presence of trehalose upregulates the expression of both the antiapoptotic gene BCL-2 and proapoptotic genes BAX and BAD. Cryopreservation could tip off the checkpoint of the apoptotic pathway regulated by the BCL-2 family members, and the effect may be protectant dependent. The findings of this study demonstrate the importance of paying attention to the potential change of gene expression and metabolic state of cancer cells after cryopreservation in an attempt to development of the PDX models from cryopreserved cancer cells or tissue specimens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Myagmarjav Bumbat
- Institute of Biothermal Science and Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Meixia Wang
- Institute of Biothermal Science and Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Liang
- Institute of Biothermal Science and Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Ye
- Institute of Biothermal Science and Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Wendell Sun
- Institute of Biothermal Science and Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Baolin Liu
- Institute of Biothermal Science and Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Biopolymer gels as a basis of cryoprotective medium for testicular tissue of rats. Cell Tissue Bank 2018; 19:819-826. [PMID: 30465307 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-018-9740-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cryopreservation of testis tissue is a promising approach to save fertility in prepubertal boys under going gonadotoxic cancer therapies. The using biopolymers as a basis of cryoprotective medium can be effective for the optimization of cryopreservation protocols of immature testicular tissue. The research purpose was to determine morphological parameters and metabolic activity of seminiferous tubules of immature rat testes under exposure to cryoprotective solution (DMSO) based on collagen or fibrin gels (CG or FG) as one of the first stages of developing the cryopreservation protocol. It was found that 30-min exposure of tissue samples to CG and FG with 0.6 M DMSO did not impair the spermatogenic epithelium and metabolic activity of the cells (MTT test and total lactate dehydrogenase activity). The use of FG at the time of exposure of 45 min did not lead to significant changes in the metabolic activity in contrast to other groups. The findings could be used to substantiate and develop the effective techniques for cryopreservation of immature seminiferous tubules.
Collapse
|
14
|
Kaindl J, Meiser I, Majer J, Sommer A, Krach F, Katsen-Globa A, Winkler J, Zimmermann H, Neubauer JC, Winner B. Zooming in on Cryopreservation of hiPSCs and Neural Derivatives: A Dual-Center Study Using Adherent Vitrification. Stem Cells Transl Med 2018; 8:247-259. [PMID: 30456912 PMCID: PMC6392398 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.18-0121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) are an important tool for research and regenerative medicine, but their efficient cryopreservation remains a major challenge. The current gold standard is slow‐rate freezing of dissociated colonies in suspension, but low recovery rates limit immediate post‐thawing applicability. We tested whether ultrafast cooling by adherent vitrification improves post‐thawing survival in a selection of hiPSCs and small molecule neural precursor cells (smNPCs) from Parkinson's disease and controls. In a dual‐center study, we compared the results by immunocytochemistry (ICC), fluorescence‐activated cell sorting analysis, and RNA‐sequencing (RNA‐seq). Adherent vitrification was achieved in the so‐called TWIST substrate, a device combining cultivation, vitrification, storage, and post‐thawing cultivation. Adherent vitrification resulted in preserved confluency and significantly higher cell numbers, and viability at day 1 after thawing, while results were not significantly different at day 4 after thawing. RNA‐seq and ICC of hiPSCs revealed no change in gene expression and pluripotency markers, indicating that physical damage of slow‐rate freezing disrupts cellular membranes. Scanning electron microscopy showed preserved colony integrity by adherent vitrification. Experiments using smNPCs demonstrated that adherent vitrification is also applicable to neural derivatives of hiPSCs. Our data suggest that, compared to the state‐of‐the‐art slow‐rate freezing in suspension, adherent vitrification is an improved cryopreservation technique for hiPSCs and derivatives. stem cells translational medicine2019;8:247&259
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Kaindl
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ina Meiser
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Joseph-von-Fraunhofer-Weg 1, Sulzbach, Germany
| | - Julia Majer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Joseph-von-Fraunhofer-Weg 1, Sulzbach, Germany
| | - Annika Sommer
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Florian Krach
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Alisa Katsen-Globa
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Joseph-von-Fraunhofer-Weg 1, Sulzbach, Germany
| | - Jürgen Winkler
- Department of Molecular Neurology, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Heiko Zimmermann
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Joseph-von-Fraunhofer-Weg 1, Sulzbach, Germany.,Chair for Molecular and Cellular Biotechnology/Nanotechnology, Saarland University, Saarbruecken, Germany.,Faculty of Marine Science, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Julia C Neubauer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Joseph-von-Fraunhofer-Weg 1, Sulzbach, Germany.,Fraunhofer Project Centre for Stem Cell Process Engineering, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Beate Winner
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Naqvi SM, Gansau J, Buckley CT. Priming and cryopreservation of microencapsulated marrow stromal cells as a strategy for intervertebral disc regeneration. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 13:034106. [PMID: 29380742 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/aaab7f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A challenge in using stromal cells for intervertebral disc (IVD) regeneration is their limited differentiation capacity in vivo without exogenous growth factor (GF) supplementation. Priming of stromal cells prior to transplantation may offer a feasible strategy to overcome this limitation. Furthermore, the ability to cryopreserve cells could help alleviate logistical issues associated with storage and transport. With these critical translational challenges in mind, we aimed to develop a strategy involving priming and subsequent cryopreservation of microencapsulated bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). In phase one, we utilised the electrohydrodynamic atomisation process to fabricate BMSC-encapsulated microcapsules that were primed with TGF-β3 for 14 d after which they were cultured for a further 21 d under basal or GF supplemented media conditions. Results showed that priming induced differentiation of BMSC microcapsules such that they synthesised significant amounts of sGAG (61.9 ± 2.0 μg and 55.3 ± 6.1 μg for low and high cell densities) and collagen (24.4 ± 1.9 μg and 55.3 ± 4.6 μg for low and high cell densities) in continued culture without GF supplementation compared to Unprimed microcapsules. Phase two of this work assessed the extracellular matrix forming capacity of Primed BMSC microcapsules over 21 d after cryopreservation. Notably, primed and cryopreserved BMSCs successfully retained the ability to synthesise both sGAG (24.8 ± 2.7 μg and 75.1 ± 11.6 μg for low and high cell densities) and collagen (26.4 ± 7.8 μg and 93.1 ± 10.2 μg for low and high cell densities) post-cryopreservation. These findings demonstrate the significant potential of priming and cryopreservation approaches for IVD repair and could possibly open new horizons for pre-designed, 'off-the-shelf' injectable therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Syeda M Naqvi
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland. School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Grein TA, Freimark D, Weber C, Hudel K, Wallrapp C, Czermak P. Alternatives to Dimethylsulfoxide for Serum-Free Cryopreservation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Int J Artif Organs 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/039139881003300605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) have some favorable characteristics like high plasticity, multilineage differentiation potential, and comparably easy handling in vitro, making them of interest for many clinical and therapeutic approaches including cell therapy. For routine applications, these cells have to be stored over a certain period of time without loss of cell vitality and function. An easy way to preserve cells is to store them at temperatures between -80°C and -196°C (liquid nitrogen). To prevent cells from the damage caused by the cryopreservation process and to achieve high cell recovery and vitality, cryoprotectants are used. Typically dimethylsulfoxide, often in combination with serum, is used as a cryoprotectant. However, for clinical approaches, the use of dimethylsulfoxide and serum in patients is problematic for several reasons. Therefore, the cryopreservation of human mesenchymal stem cells for cell therapeutic applications without dimethylsulfoxide and serum demands investigation. In this work, non-toxic alternatives to dimethylsulfoxide such as glycerol or the compatible solutes, proline and ectoin, were analyzed in a serum-free cryomedium with respect to their cryoprotective properties. Different concentrations of the cryoprotectants (1–10% (w/v) ectoin or proline, respectively, or 5–20% (v/v) glycerol) and certain incubation times (0–60 minutes) were investigated with regard to post-thaw cell vitality and cell growth. Our results showed that, in general, cryopreservation with ectoin led to high post-thaw cell survival of up to 72% whereas after cryopreservation with glycerol and proline, the hMSC cells were completely dead (glycerol) or had only poor cell survival (proline, 22%). Moreover, the morphology of the hMSC cells changed to a large and flat phenotype after cryopreservation with proline. These results indicate that glycerol and proline are not suitable for cryopreservation of hMSC. In contrast, ectoin has the potential to replace dimethylsulfoxide as a cryoprotectant in a serum-free cryomedium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanja A. Grein
- University of Applied Sciences Giessen-Friedberg, Institute of Biopharmaceutical Technology, Giessen - Germany
| | - Denise Freimark
- University of Applied Sciences Giessen-Friedberg, Institute of Biopharmaceutical Technology, Giessen - Germany
| | - Christian Weber
- University of Applied Sciences Giessen-Friedberg, Institute of Biopharmaceutical Technology, Giessen - Germany
| | - Klaus Hudel
- Martin Christ Gefriertrocknungsanlagen GmbH, Osterode am Harz - Germany
| | | | - Peter Czermak
- University of Applied Sciences Giessen-Friedberg, Institute of Biopharmaceutical Technology, Giessen - Germany
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas - USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Directional freezing for the cryopreservation of adherent mammalian cells on a substrate. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0192265. [PMID: 29447224 PMCID: PMC5813933 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Successfully cryopreserving cells adhered to a substrate would facilitate the growth of a vital confluent cell culture after thawing while dramatically shortening the post-thaw culturing time. Herein we propose a controlled slow cooling method combining initial directional freezing followed by gradual cooling down to -80°C for robust preservation of cell monolayers adherent to a substrate. Using computer controlled cryostages we examined the effect of cooling rates and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) concentration on cell survival and established an optimal cryopreservation protocol. Experimental results show the highest post-thawing viability for directional ice growth at a speed of 30 μm/sec (equivalent to freezing rate of 3.8°C/min), followed by gradual cooling of the sample with decreasing rate of 0.5°C/min. Efficient cryopreservation of three widely used epithelial cell lines: IEC-18, HeLa, and Caco-2, provides proof-of-concept support for this new freezing protocol applied to adherent cells. This method is highly reproducible, significantly increases the post-thaw cell viability and can be readily applied for cryopreservation of cellular cultures in microfluidic devices.
Collapse
|
18
|
Yang J, Pan C, Zhang J, Sui X, Zhu Y, Wen C, Zhang L. Exploring the Potential of Biocompatible Osmoprotectants as Highly Efficient Cryoprotectants. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:42516-42524. [PMID: 29161015 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b12189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Cryoprotectants (CPAs) are critical to successful cryopreservation because they can protect cells from cryoinjuries. Because of the limitations of current CPAs, especially the toxicity, the search for new effective CPAs is attracting increasing attention. In this work, we reported that natural biocompatible osmoprotectants, which could protect cells from osmotic injury in various biological systems, might also be ideal candidates for CPAs. Three representative biocompatible osmoprotectants (proline, glycine, and taurine) were tested and compared. It was found that, aside from presenting a different ability to prevent osmotic injury, these biocompatible osmoprotectants also possessed a different ability to inhibit ice formation and thus mitigate intra-/extracellular ice injury. Because of the strongest ability to prevent the two types of injuries, we found that proline performed the best in cryopreserving five different types of cells. Moreover, the natural osmoprotectants are intrinsically biocompatible with the cells, superior to the current state-of-the-art CPA, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), which is a toxic organic solvent. This work opens a new window of opportunity for DMSO-free cryopreservation, and sheds light on the applications of osmoprotectants in cryoprotection, which may revolutionize the current cryopreservation technologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of the Ministry of Education, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Chao Pan
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of the Ministry of Education, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Jiamin Zhang
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of the Ministry of Education, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojie Sui
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of the Ministry of Education, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Yingnan Zhu
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of the Ministry of Education, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Chiyu Wen
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of the Ministry of Education, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of the Ministry of Education, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zhao G, Liu X, Zhu K, He X. Hydrogel Encapsulation Facilitates Rapid-Cooling Cryopreservation of Stem Cell-Laden Core-Shell Microcapsules as Cell-Biomaterial Constructs. Adv Healthc Mater 2017; 6:10.1002/adhm.201700988. [PMID: 29178480 PMCID: PMC5729581 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201700988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2017] [Revised: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Core-shell structured stem cell microencapsulation in hydrogel has wide applications in tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, and cell-based therapies because it offers an ideal immunoisolative microenvironment for cell delivery and 3D culture. Long-term storage of such microcapsules as cell-biomaterial constructs by cryopreservation is an enabling technology for their wide distribution and ready availability for clinical transplantation. However, most of the existing studies focus on cryopreservation of single cells or cells in microcapsules without a core-shell structure (i.e., hydrogel beads). The goal of this study is to achieve cryopreservation of stem cells encapsulated in core-shell microcapsules as cell-biomaterial constructs or biocomposites. To this end, a capillary microfluidics-based core-shell alginate hydrogel encapsulation technology is developed to produce porcine adipose-derived stem cell-laden microcapsules for vitreous cryopreservation with very low concentration (2 mol L-1 ) of cell membrane penetrating cryoprotective agents (CPAs) by suppressing ice formation. This may provide a low-CPA and cost-effective approach for vitreous cryopreservation of "ready-to-use" stem cell-biomaterial constructs, facilitating their off-the-shelf availability and widespread applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Zhao
- Department of Electronic Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- Department of Electronic Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China
| | - Kaixuan Zhu
- Department of Electronic Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China
| | - Xiaoming He
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Atelocollagen-based Hydrogels Crosslinked with Oxidised Polysaccharides as Cell Encapsulation Matrix for Engineered Bioactive Stromal Tissue. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017; 14:539-556. [PMID: 30603508 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-017-0063-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue stroma is responsible for extracellular matrix (ECM) formation and secretion of factors that coordinate the behaviour of the surrounding cells through the microenvironment created. It's inability to spontaneously regenerate makes it a good candidate for research studies such as testing various tissue engineered products capable of replacing the stroma in order to assure normal tissue regeneration and function. In this study, a bioactive stroma was obtained considering two main components: 1) the artificial ECM formed using atelocollagen-oxidized polysaccharides hydrogels in which the polysaccharide compound (oxidised gellan or pullulan) has the role of crosslinker and 2) encapsulated stromal cells (dermal fibroblasts, ovarian theca-interstitial and granulosa cells). The cell-hosting ability of the hydrogels is demonstrated by a good diffusion of globular proteins (albumin) while the fibrillar morphology proves to be optimal for cell adhesion. These structural properties and cytocompatibility of the components maintain good cell viability and cell encapsulation for more than 12 days. Nevertheless, the results indicate some differences favouring the gellan crosslinked hydrogels. Ovarian stromal cells functionality was maintained as indicated by hormone secretion, confirming cell-cell signalling in encapsulated and co-culture conditions. In vivo implantation shows the regenerative potential of the cell-populated hydrogels as they are integrated into the natural tissue. The possibility of cryopreserving the hydrogel-cell system, while maintaining both cell viability and hydrogel structural integrity underlines the potential of these ready-to-use hydrogels as bioactive stroma for multipurpose tissue regeneration.
Collapse
|
21
|
Li Y, Li L, Chen ZN, Gao G, Yao R, Sun W. Engineering-derived approaches for iPSC preparation, expansion, differentiation and applications. Biofabrication 2017; 9:032001. [DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/aa7e9a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
22
|
Idda A, Bebbere D, Corona G, Masala L, Casula E, Cincotti A, Ledda S. Insights on Cryopreserved Sheep Fibroblasts by Cryomicroscopy and Gene Expression Analysis. Biopreserv Biobank 2017; 15:310-320. [PMID: 28328240 DOI: 10.1089/bio.2016.0100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryopreservation includes a set of techniques aimed at storing biological samples and preserving their biochemical and functional features without any significant alterations. This study set out to investigate the effects induced by cryopreservation on cultured sheepskin fibroblasts (CSSF) through cryomicroscopy and gene expression analysis after subsequent in vitro culture. CSSF cells were cryopreserved in a cryomicroscope (CM) or in a straw programmable freezer (SPF) using a similar thermal profile (cooling rate -5°C/min to -120°C, then -150°C/min to -196°C). CSSF volume and intracellular ice formation (IIF) were monitored by a CM, while gene expression levels were investigated by real-time polymerase chain reaction in SPF-cryopreserved cells immediately after thawing (T0) and after 24 or 48 hours (T24, T48) of post-thaw in vitro culture. No significant difference in cell viability was observed at T0 between CM and SPF samples, while both CM and SPF groups showed lower viability (p < 0.05) compared to the untreated control group. Gene expression analysis of cryopreserved CSSF 24 and 48 hours post-thawing showed a significant upregulation of the genes involved in protein folding and antioxidant mechanisms (HPS90b and SOD1), while a transient increase (p < 0.05) in the expression levels of OCT4, BCL2, and GAPDH was detected 24 hours post-thawing. Overall, our data suggest that cryostored CSSF need at least 24 hours to activate specific networks to promote cell readaptation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Idda
- 1 Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Sezione di Clinica Ostetrica e Ginecologia, Università di Sassari , Sassari, Italy
| | - Daniela Bebbere
- 1 Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Sezione di Clinica Ostetrica e Ginecologia, Università di Sassari , Sassari, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Corona
- 1 Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Sezione di Clinica Ostetrica e Ginecologia, Università di Sassari , Sassari, Italy
| | - Laura Masala
- 1 Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Sezione di Clinica Ostetrica e Ginecologia, Università di Sassari , Sassari, Italy
| | - Elisa Casula
- 2 Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica, Chimica e dei Materiali, Università degli Studi di Cagliari , Cagliari, Italy
| | - Alberto Cincotti
- 2 Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica, Chimica e dei Materiali, Università degli Studi di Cagliari , Cagliari, Italy
| | - Sergio Ledda
- 1 Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Sezione di Clinica Ostetrica e Ginecologia, Università di Sassari , Sassari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Alginate: A Versatile Biomaterial to Encapsulate Isolated Ovarian Follicles. Ann Biomed Eng 2017; 45:1633-1649. [DOI: 10.1007/s10439-017-1816-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
24
|
Wang S, Elliott GD. Synergistic Development of Biochips and Cell Preservation Methodologies: A Tale of Converging Technologies. CURRENT STEM CELL REPORTS 2017; 3:45-53. [PMID: 28966905 DOI: 10.1007/s40778-017-0074-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW Over the past several decades, cryopreservation has been widely used to preserve cells during long term storage, but advances in stem cell therapies, regenerative medicine, and miniaturized cell-based diagnostics and sensors are providing new targets of opportunity for advancing preservation methodologies. The advent of microfluidics-based devices is an interesting case in which the technology has been used to improve preservation processing, but as the devices have evolved to also include cells, tissues, and simulated organs as part of the architecture, the biochip itself is a desirable target for preservation. In this review, we will focus on the synergistic co-development of preservation methods and biochip technologies, while identifying where the challenges and opportunities lie in developing methods to place on-chip biologics on the shelf, ready for use. RECENT FINDINGS Emerging studies are demonstrating that the cost of some biochips have been reduced to the extent that they will have high utility in point-of-care settings, especially in low resource environments where diagnostic capabilities are limited. Ice-free low temperature vitrification and anhydrous vitrification technologies will likely emerge as the preferred strategy for long-term preservation of bio-chips. SUMMARY The development of preservation methodologies for partially or fully assembled biochips would enable the widespread distribution of these technologies and enhance their application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shangping Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Engineering Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223
| | - Gloria D Elliott
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Engineering Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Batnyam O, Suye SI, Fujita S. Direct cryopreservation of adherent cells on an elastic nanofiber sheet featuring a low glass-transition temperature. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra10604a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrospun nanofibers, featured a lower glass-transition temperature than the freezing temperature and a loose mesh structure, allows the direct cryopreservation of adherent cells towards the investigation of cell-material composites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Onon Batnyam
- Department of Frontier Fiber Technology and Science
- Graduate School of Engineering
- University of Fukui
- Fukui-city
- Japan
| | - Shin-ichiro Suye
- Department of Frontier Fiber Technology and Science
- Graduate School of Engineering
- University of Fukui
- Fukui-city
- Japan
| | - Satoshi Fujita
- Department of Frontier Fiber Technology and Science
- Graduate School of Engineering
- University of Fukui
- Fukui-city
- Japan
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
Cryopreservation is the application of low temperatures to preserve the structural and functional integrity of cells and tissues. Conventional cooling protocols allow ice to form and solute concentrations to rise during the cryopreservation process. The damage caused by the rise in solute concentration can be mitigated by the use of compounds known as cryoprotectants. Such compounds protect cells from the consequences of slow cooling injury, allowing them to be cooled at cooling rates which avoid the lethal effects of intracellular ice. An alternative to conventional cooling is vitrification. Vitrification methods incorporate cryoprotectants at sufficiently high concentrations to prevent ice crystallization so that the system forms an amorphous glass thus avoiding the damaging effects caused by conventional slow cooling. However, vitrification too can impose damaging consequences on cells as the cryoprotectant concentrations required to vitrify cells at lower cooling rates are potentially, and often, harmful. While these concentrations can be lowered to nontoxic levels, if the cells are ultra-rapidly cooled, the resulting metastable system can lead to damage through devitrification and growth of ice during subsequent storage and rewarming if not appropriately handled.The commercial and clinical application of stem cells requires robust and reproducible cryopreservation protocols and appropriate long-term, low-temperature storage conditions to provide reliable master and working cell banks. Though current Good Manufacturing Practice (cGMP) compliant methods for the derivation and banking of clinical grade pluripotent stem cells exist and stem cell lines suitable for clinical applications are available, current cryopreservation protocols, whether for vitrification or conventional slow freezing, remain suboptimal. Apart from the resultant loss of valuable product that suboptimal cryopreservation engenders, there is a danger that such processes will impose a selective pressure on the cells selecting out a nonrepresentative, freeze-resistant subpopulation. Optimizing this process requires knowledge of the fundamental processes that occur during the freezing of cellular systems, the mechanisms of damage and methods for avoiding them. This chapter draws together the knowledge of cryopreservation gained in other systems with the current state-of-the-art for embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cell preservation in an attempt to provide the background for future attempts to optimize cryopreservation protocols.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charles J Hunt
- UK Stem Cell Bank, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, EN6 3QG, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Slow Cooling Cryopreservation Optimized to Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 951:57-65. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-45457-3_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2022]
|
28
|
Imaizumi K, Iha M, Nishishita N, Kawamata S, Nishikawa S, Akuta T. A Simple and Efficient Method of Slow Freezing for Human Embryonic Stem Cells and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1341:15-24. [PMID: 26069023 DOI: 10.1007/7651_2015_211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Protocols available for the cryopreservation of human embryonic stem (ES) and induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells are very inefficient and laborious compared to those for the cryopreservation of murine ES/iPS cells or other general cell lines. While the vitrification method may be adequate when working with small numbers of human ES/iPS cells, it requires special skills and is unsuitable when working with large cell numbers. Here, we describe a simple and efficient method for the cryopreservation of hES/hiPS cells that is based on a conventional slow freezing method that uses a combination of Pronase/EDTA for Stem™ and CP-5E™ [final concentrations: 6 % hydroxyethyl starch, 5 % DMSO, and 5 % ethylene glycol in saline]. CP-5E™ is highly effective for the cryopreservation of small cell clumps produced by hES/hiPS colony detachment in the presence of Pronase and EDTA (Pronase/EDTA for Stem™, a formulation containing multiple digestive enzymes from Streptomyces griseus). This novel method would be quite useful for large-scale hES/iPS cell banking for use in clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keitaro Imaizumi
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, 2-2-3, Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan
- Kyokuto Pharmaceutical Industrial Co. Ltd., 7-8, Nihonbashi Kobunecho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 103-0024, Japan
| | - Momoe Iha
- Kyokuto Pharmaceutical Industrial Co. Ltd., 7-8, Nihonbashi Kobunecho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 103-0024, Japan
| | - Naoki Nishishita
- Division of Cell Therapy, Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation, TRI#308, 1-5-4 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0043, Japan
| | - Shin Kawamata
- Division of Cell Therapy, Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation, TRI#308, 1-5-4 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0043, Japan.
| | - Shinichi Nishikawa
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, 2-2-3, Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Teruo Akuta
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, 2-2-3, Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan.
- Kyokuto Pharmaceutical Industrial Co. Ltd., 7-8, Nihonbashi Kobunecho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 103-0024, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Nagahara Y, Sekine H, Otaki M, Hayashi M, Murase N. Use of high concentrations of dimethyl sulfoxide for cryopreservation of HepG2 cells adhered to glass and polydimethylsiloxane matrices. Cryobiology 2015; 72:53-9. [PMID: 26621206 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Animal cells are generally cryopreserved in cryovials in a cell suspension state containing 5%-10% v/v dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) used as a cryoprotective agent. However, cryopreservation of cells in an attached state has not been intensively studied, and the effective freezing solution remains unknown. Here we determined the suitable DMSO concentration for the cryopreservation of human hepatoma HepG2 cells attached to glass and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) matrices coated with poly-l-lysine. With the use of the glass matrix, the rate of cell adhesion increased with the DMSO concentration up to 30% v/v in the freezing solution. In contrast, the cell-adhesion rate remained constant in the case of the PDMS matrix irrespective of the DMSO concentration between 10% v/v and 30% v/v. The viability of post-thawed cells attached to glass or PDMS matrix was also investigated. The viability was highest at the DMSO concentration of 20% v/v in the freezing solution. The DMSO concentration of 30% v/v, however, had a cytotoxic effect on the cell viability. Thus, the 20% v/v DMSO concentration was found to be most suitable for the cryopreservation of HepG2 cells in the attached state. This dose is high compared to the DMSO concentration used for the cryopreservation of cells in the suspended state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yukitoshi Nagahara
- Division of Life Science and Engineering, School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Denki University, Hatoyama, Hiki-gun, Saitama, 350-0394, Japan.
| | - Hiroaki Sekine
- Division of Life Science and Engineering, School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Denki University, Hatoyama, Hiki-gun, Saitama, 350-0394, Japan
| | - Mari Otaki
- Division of Life Science and Engineering, School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Denki University, Hatoyama, Hiki-gun, Saitama, 350-0394, Japan
| | - Masakazu Hayashi
- Division of Life Science and Engineering, School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Denki University, Hatoyama, Hiki-gun, Saitama, 350-0394, Japan
| | - Norio Murase
- Division of Life Science and Engineering, School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Denki University, Hatoyama, Hiki-gun, Saitama, 350-0394, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Davidson AF, Glasscock C, McClanahan DR, Benson JD, Higgins AZ. Toxicity Minimized Cryoprotectant Addition and Removal Procedures for Adherent Endothelial Cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142828. [PMID: 26605546 PMCID: PMC4659675 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ice-free cryopreservation, known as vitrification, is an appealing approach for banking of adherent cells and tissues because it prevents dissociation and morphological damage that may result from ice crystal formation. However, current vitrification methods are often limited by the cytotoxicity of the concentrated cryoprotective agent (CPA) solutions that are required to suppress ice formation. Recently, we described a mathematical strategy for identifying minimally toxic CPA equilibration procedures based on the minimization of a toxicity cost function. Here we provide direct experimental support for the feasibility of these methods when applied to adherent endothelial cells. We first developed a concentration- and temperature-dependent toxicity cost function by exposing the cells to a range of glycerol concentrations at 21°C and 37°C, and fitting the resulting viability data to a first order cell death model. This cost function was then numerically minimized in our state constrained optimization routine to determine addition and removal procedures for 17 molal (mol/kg water) glycerol solutions. Using these predicted optimal procedures, we obtained 81% recovery after exposure to vitrification solutions, as well as successful vitrification with the relatively slow cooling and warming rates of 50°C/min and 130°C/min. In comparison, conventional multistep CPA equilibration procedures resulted in much lower cell yields of about 10%. Our results demonstrate the potential for rational design of minimally toxic vitrification procedures and pave the way for extension of our optimization approach to other adherent cell types as well as more complex systems such as tissues and organs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Allyson Fry Davidson
- School of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Cameron Glasscock
- School of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Danielle R. McClanahan
- School of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
| | - James D. Benson
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, United States of America
| | - Adam Z. Higgins
- School of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Asghar W, El Assal R, Shafiee H, Anchan RM, Demirci U. Preserving human cells for regenerative, reproductive, and transfusion medicine. Biotechnol J 2015; 9:895-903. [PMID: 24995723 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201300074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Revised: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cell cryopreservation maintains cellular life at sub-zero temperatures by slowing down biochemical processes. Various cell types are routinely cryopreserved in modern reproductive, regenerative, and transfusion medicine. Current cell cryopreservation methods involve freezing (slow/rapid) or vitrifying cells in the presence of a cryoprotective agent (CPA). Although these methods are clinically utilized, cryo-injury due to ice crystals, osmotic shock, and CPA toxicity cause loss of cell viability and function. Recent approaches using minimum volume vitrification provide alternatives to the conventional cryopreservation methods. Minimum volume vitrification provides ultra-high cooling and rewarming rates that enable preserving cells without ice crystal formation. Herein, we review recent advances in cell cryopreservation technology and provide examples of techniques that are utilized in oocyte, stem cell, and red blood cell cryopreservation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Waseem Asghar
- Bio-Acoustic-MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratories, Department of Radiology, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Mitchell PD, Ratcliffe E, Hourd P, Williams DJ, Thomas RJ. A Quality-by-Design Approach to Risk Reduction and Optimization for Human Embryonic Stem Cell Cryopreservation Processes. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2014; 20:941-50. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2013.0595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Peter D. Mitchell
- Healthcare Engineering Research Group, Centre for Biological Engineering, Wolfson School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Ratcliffe
- Healthcare Engineering Research Group, Centre for Biological Engineering, Wolfson School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Hourd
- Healthcare Engineering Research Group, Centre for Biological Engineering, Wolfson School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - David J. Williams
- Healthcare Engineering Research Group, Centre for Biological Engineering, Wolfson School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Robert J. Thomas
- Healthcare Engineering Research Group, Centre for Biological Engineering, Wolfson School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Abstract
This unit describes a cryopreservation procedure using an enzyme-free dissociation method to harvest cells and preserve cells in albumin-free chemically defined E8 medium for human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). The dissociation by EDTA/PBS produces small cell aggregates that allow high survival efficiency in passaging and cryopreservation. Cryopreservation in E8 medium eliminates serum and other animal products, and is suitable for dealing with the increasing demand for high-quality hPSCs in translational research. In combination with the special feature of EDTA/PBS dissociation, the protocols in this unit allow for efficient cryopreservation in a more time-saving manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Liu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Xu X, Liu Y, Cui ZF. Effects of cryopreservation on human mesenchymal stem cells attached to different substrates. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2014; 8:664-72. [DOI: 10.1002/term.1570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2011] [Revised: 04/10/2012] [Accepted: 06/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xia Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing People's Republic of China
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science; Oxford University; UK
| | - Yang Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science; Oxford University; UK
- Dalian R&D Centre for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering; Dalian University of Technology; People's Republic of China
- Regenerative Medicine Centre; Dalian Medical University First Affiliated Hospital; People's Republic of China
| | - Zhan Feng Cui
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science; Oxford University; UK
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Lee JE, Lee DR. Human embryonic stem cells: derivation, maintenance and cryopreservation. Int J Stem Cells 2014; 4:9-17. [PMID: 24298329 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc.2011.4.1.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are the most powerful candidate for the treatment of incurable diseases through the replacement of damaged cells and/or tissues in patients, although there are some obstacles to overcome for the clinical application of hESCs such as the assurance of guided differentiation and control of the immune response following cell therapy or tissue grafting. To obtain genetically stable hESCs and use them clinically, it is important to develop appropriate culture conditions. Additionally, the establishment of a hESC bank with a large number of hESC lines will be required for their clinical application because each hESC line is directed to have a different differentiation ability and immune characteristics such as HLA type. In this review, we describe the derivation and culture conditions of hESCs based on recent advances. Then, we will introduce several cryopreservation methods for hESCs, which is important for the development of cell bank.
Collapse
|
36
|
Imaizumi K, Nishishita N, Muramatsu M, Yamamoto T, Takenaka C, Kawamata S, Kobayashi K, Nishikawa SI, Akuta T. A simple and highly effective method for slow-freezing human pluripotent stem cells using dimethyl sulfoxide, hydroxyethyl starch and ethylene glycol. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88696. [PMID: 24533137 PMCID: PMC3922972 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitrification and slow-freezing methods have been used for the cryopreservation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). Vitrification requires considerable skill and post-thaw recovery is low. Furthermore, it is not suitable for cryopreservation of large numbers of hPSCs. While slow-freezing methods for hPSCs are easy to perform, they are usually preceded by a complicated cell dissociation process that yields poor post-thaw survival. To develop a robust and easy slow-freezing method for hPSCs, several different cryopreservation cocktails were prepared by modifying a commercially available freezing medium (CP-1™) containing hydroxyethyl starch (HES), and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) in saline. The new freezing media were examined for their cryopreservation efficacy in combination with several different cell detachment methods. hPSCs in cryopreservation medium were slowly cooled in a conventional −80°C freezer and thawed rapidly. hPSC colonies were dissociated with several proteases. Ten percent of the colonies were passaged without cryopreservation and another 10% were cryopreserved, and then the recovery ratio was determined by comparing the number of Alkaline Phosphatase-positive colonies after thawing at day 5 with those passaged without cryopreservation at day 5. We found that cell detachment with Pronase/EDTA followed by cryopreservation using 6% HES, 5% DMSO, and 5% ethylene glycol (EG) in saline (termed CP-5E) achieved post-thaw recoveries over 80%. In summary, we have developed a new cryopreservation medium free of animal products for slow-freezing. This easy and robust cryopreservation method could be used widely for basic research and for clinical application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keitaro Imaizumi
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
- Kobe office, RIKEN Cell Tech Co. Ltd., Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Naoki Nishishita
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
- Division of Cell Therapy, Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation, Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Marie Muramatsu
- Division of Cell Therapy, Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation, Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Takako Yamamoto
- Division of Cell Therapy, Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation, Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Chiemi Takenaka
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
- Division of Cell Therapy, Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation, Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Shin Kawamata
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
- Division of Cell Therapy, Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation, Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
- * E-mail: (SK); (TA)
| | - Kenichiro Kobayashi
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Research, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shin-ichi Nishikawa
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Teruo Akuta
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
- Kobe office, RIKEN Cell Tech Co. Ltd., Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
- * E-mail: (SK); (TA)
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Kashuba CM, Benson JD, Critser JK. Rationally optimized cryopreservation of multiple mouse embryonic stem cell lines: I--Comparative fundamental cryobiology of multiple mouse embryonic stem cell lines and the implications for embryonic stem cell cryopreservation protocols. Cryobiology 2013; 68:166-75. [PMID: 24384367 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2013.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2012] [Revised: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The post-thaw recovery of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) is often assumed to be adequate with current methods. However as this publication will show, this recovery of viable cells actually varies significantly by genetic background. Therefore there is a need to improve the efficiency and reduce the variability of current mESC cryopreservation methods. To address this need, we employed the principles of fundamental cryobiology to improve the cryopreservation protocol of four mESC lines from different genetic backgrounds (BALB/c, CBA, FVB, and 129R1 mESCs) through a comparative study characterizing the membrane permeability characteristics and membrane integrity osmotic tolerance limits of each cell line. In the companion paper, these values were used to predict optimal cryoprotectants, cooling rates, warming rates, and plunge temperatures, and then these predicted optimal protocols were validated against standard freezing protocols.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Corinna M Kashuba
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115, USA.
| | - James D Benson
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115, USA
| | - John K Critser
- University of Missouri Comparative Medicine Center, 4011 Discovery Drive, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Shu Z, Heimfeld S, Gao D. Hematopoietic SCT with cryopreserved grafts: adverse reactions after transplantation and cryoprotectant removal before infusion. Bone Marrow Transplant 2013; 49:469-76. [PMID: 24076548 DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2013.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) has been successfully developed as a part of treatment protocols for a large number of clinical indications, and cryopreservation of both autologous and allogeneic sources of HSC grafts is increasingly being used to facilitate logistical challenges in coordinating the collection, processing, preparation, quality control testing and release of the final HSC product with delivery to the patient. Direct infusion of cryopreserved cell products into patients has been associated with the development of adverse reactions, ranging from relatively mild symptoms to much more serious, life-threatening complications, including allergic/gastrointestinal/cardiovascular/neurological complications, renal/hepatic dysfunctions, and so on. In many cases, the cryoprotective agent (CPA) used-which is typically dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)-is believed to be the main causal agent of these adverse reactions and thus many studies recommend depletion of DMSO before cell infusion. In this paper, we will briefly review the history of HSC cryopreservation, the side effects reported after transplantation, along with advances in strategies for reducing the adverse reactions, including methods and devices for removal of DMSO. Strategies to minimize adverse effects include medication before and after transplantation, optimizing the infusion procedure, reducing the DMSO concentration or using alternative CPAs for cryopreservation and removing DMSO before infusion. For DMSO removal, besides the traditional and widely applied method of centrifugation, new approaches have been explored in the past decade, such as filtration by spinning membrane, stepwise dilution-centrifugation using rotating syringe, diffusion-based DMSO extraction in microfluidic channels, dialysis and dilution-filtration through hollow-fiber dialyzers and some instruments (CytoMate, Sepax S-100, Cobe 2991, microfluidic channels, dilution-filtration system, etc.) as well. However, challenges still remain: development of the optimal (fast, safe, simple, automated, controllable, effective and low cost) methods and devices for CPA removal with minimum cell loss and damage remains an unfilled need.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Z Shu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - S Heimfeld
- Division of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - D Gao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Amphipathic polymer-mediated uptake of trehalose for dimethyl sulfoxide-free human cell cryopreservation. Cryobiology 2013; 67:305-11. [PMID: 24045066 PMCID: PMC3842503 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2013.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Revised: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
For stem cell therapy to become a routine reality, one of the major challenges to overcome is their storage and transportation. Currently this is achieved by cryopreserving cells utilising the cryoprotectant dimethyl sulfoxide (Me2SO). Me2SO is toxic to cells, leads to loss of cell functionality, and can produce severe side effects in patients. Potentially, cells could be frozen using the cryoprotectant trehalose if it could be delivered into the cells at a sufficient concentration. The novel amphipathic membrane permeabilising agent PP-50 has previously been shown to enhance trehalose uptake by erythrocytes, resulting in increased cryosurvival. Here, this work was extended to the nucleated human cell line SAOS-2. Using the optimum PP-50 concentration and media osmolarity, cell viability post-thaw was 60 ± 2%. In addition, the number of metabolically active cells 24 h post-thaw, normalised to that before freezing, was found to be between 103 ± 4% and 91 ± 5%. This was found to be comparable to cells frozen using Me2SO. Although reduced (by 22 ± 2%, p = 0.09), the doubling time was found not to be statistically different to the non-frozen control. This was in contrast to cells frozen using Me2SO, where the doubling time was significantly reduced (by 41 ± 4%, p = 0.004). PP-50 mediated trehalose delivery into cells could represent an alternative cryopreservation protocol, suitable for research and therapeutic applications.
Collapse
|
40
|
Naaldijk Y, Friedrich-Stöckigt A, Sethe S, Stolzing A. Comparison of different cooling rates for fibroblast and keratinocyte cryopreservation. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2013; 10:E354-E364. [PMID: 23963809 DOI: 10.1002/term.1815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Revised: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Easy, cost-effective and reliable cryopreservation protocols are crucial for the successful and effective application of tissue engineering. Several different protocols are in use, but no comprehensive comparisons across different machine-based and manual methods have been made. Here, we compare the effects of different cooling rates on the post-thaw survival and proliferative capacity of two basic cell lines for skin tissue engineering fibroblasts and keratinocytes, cultured and frozen in suspension or as a monolayer. We demonstrate that effectiveness of cryopreservation cannot be reliably determined immediately after thawing: the results at this stage were not indicative of cell growth in culture 3 days post-thaw. Cryopreservation of fibroblasts in an adherent state greatly diminishes their subsequent growth potential. This was not observed when freezing in suspension. In keratinocytes, however, adherent freezing is as effective as freezing in suspension, which could lead to significant cost and labour savings in a tissue-engineering environment. The 'optimal' cryopreservation protocol depends on cell type and intended use. Where time, ease and cost are dominant factors, the direct freezing into a nitrogen tank (straight freeze) approach remains a viable method. The most effective solution across the board, as measured by viability 3 days post-thaw, was the commonly used, freezing container method. Where machine-controlled cryopreservation is deemed important for tissue-engineering Good Manufacturing Practice, we present results using a portfolio of different cooling rates, identifying the 'optimal' protocol depending on cell type and culture method. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yahaira Naaldijk
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany.,Translation Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Sebastian Sethe
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Camboni A, Van Langendonckt A, Donnez J, Vanacker J, Dolmans M, Amorim C. Alginate beads as a tool to handle, cryopreserve and culture isolated human primordial/primary follicles. Cryobiology 2013; 67:64-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2013.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Revised: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
42
|
Niknejad H, Deihim T, Peirovi H, Abolghasemi H. Serum-free cryopreservation of human amniotic epithelial cells before and after isolation from their natural scaffold. Cryobiology 2013; 67:56-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2013.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Revised: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
43
|
Tasoglu S, Gurkan UA, Wang S, Demirci U. Manipulating biological agents and cells in micro-scale volumes for applications in medicine. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:5788-808. [PMID: 23575660 PMCID: PMC3865707 DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60042d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Recent technological advances provide new tools to manipulate cells and biological agents in micro/nano-liter volumes. With precise control over small volumes, the cell microenvironment and other biological agents can be bioengineered; interactions between cells and external stimuli can be monitored; and the fundamental mechanisms such as cancer metastasis and stem cell differentiation can be elucidated. Technological advances based on the principles of electrical, magnetic, chemical, optical, acoustic, and mechanical forces lead to novel applications in point-of-care diagnostics, regenerative medicine, in vitro drug testing, cryopreservation, and cell isolation/purification. In this review, we first focus on the underlying mechanisms of emerging examples for cell manipulation in small volumes targeting applications such as tissue engineering. Then, we illustrate how these mechanisms impact the aforementioned biomedical applications, discuss the associated challenges, and provide perspectives for further development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Savas Tasoglu
- Bio-Acoustic-MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Division of Biomedical Engineering and Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Umut Atakan Gurkan
- Bio-Acoustic-MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Division of Biomedical Engineering and Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - ShuQi Wang
- Bio-Acoustic-MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Division of Biomedical Engineering and Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Utkan Demirci
- Bio-Acoustic-MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Division of Biomedical Engineering and Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Ahmad HF, Sambanis A. Cryopreservation effects on recombinant myoblasts encapsulated in adhesive alginate hydrogels. Acta Biomater 2013; 9:6814-22. [PMID: 23499987 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2012] [Revised: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Cell encapsulation in hydrogels is widely used in tissue engineering applications, including encapsulation of islets or other insulin-secreting cells in pancreatic substitutes. Use of adhesive, biofunctionalized hydrogels is receiving increasing attention as cell-matrix interactions in three-dimensional (3-D) environments can be important for various cell processes. With pancreatic substitutes, studies have indicated benefits of 3-D adhesion on the viability and/or function of insulin-secreting cells. As long-term storage of microencapsulated cells is critical for their clinical translation, cryopreservation of cells in hydrogels is being actively investigated. Previous studies have examined the cryopreservation response of cells encapsulated in non-adhesive hydrogels using conventional freezing and/or vitrification (ice-free cryopreservation); however, none have systematically compared the two cryopreservation methods with cells encapsulated within an adhesive 3-D environment. The latter would be significant, as evidence suggests adhesion influences the cellular response to cryopreservation. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the response to conventional freezing and vitrification of insulin-secreting cells encapsulated in an adhesive biomimetic hydrogel. Recombinant insulin-secreting C2C12 myoblasts were encapsulated in oxidized RGD-alginate and cultured for 1 or 4days post-encapsulation, cryopreserved, and assessed up to 3days post-warming for metabolic activity and insulin secretion, and 1day post-warming for cell morphology. Besides certain transient differences in the vitrified group relative to the fresh control, both conventional freezing and vitrification maintained the metabolism, secretory activity, and morphology of the recombinant C2C12 cells. Thus, due to a simpler procedure and slightly superior results, conventional freezing is recommended over vitrification for the cryopreservation of C2C12 cells encapsulated in oxidized, RGD-modified alginate.
Collapse
|
45
|
Li Y, Ma T. Bioprocessing of cryopreservation for large-scale banking of human pluripotent stem cells. Biores Open Access 2013; 1:205-14. [PMID: 23515461 PMCID: PMC3559214 DOI: 10.1089/biores.2012.0224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived cell therapy requires production of therapeutic cells in large quantity, which starts from thawing the cryopreserved cells from a working cell bank or a master cell bank. An optimal cryopreservation and thaw process determines the efficiency of hPSC expansion and plays a significant role in the subsequent lineage-specific differentiation. However, cryopreservation in hPSC bioprocessing has been a challenge due to the unique growth requirements of hPSC, the sensitivity to cryoinjury, and the unscalable cryopreservation procedures commonly used in the laboratory. Tremendous progress has been made to identify the regulatory pathways regulating hPSC responses during cryopreservation and the development of small molecule interventions that effectively improves the efficiency of cryopreservation. The adaption of these methods in current good manufacturing practices (cGMP)-compliant cryopreservation processes not only improves cell survival, but also their therapeutic potency. This review summarizes the advances in these areas and discusses the technical requirements in the development of cGMP-compliant hPSC cryopreservation process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Florida State University , Tallahassee, Florida
| | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Lee YA, Kim YH, Kim BJ, Kim BG, Kim KJ, Auh JH, Schmidt JA, Ryu BY. Cryopreservation in trehalose preserves functional capacity of murine spermatogonial stem cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e54889. [PMID: 23349986 PMCID: PMC3551902 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of techniques to isolate, culture, and transplant human spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) has the future potential to treat male infertility. To maximize the efficiency of these techniques, methods for SSC cryopreservation need to be developed to bank SSCs for extended periods of time. Although, it has been demonstrated that SSCs can reinitiate spermatogenesis after freezing, optimal cryopreservation protocols that maximize SSC proliferative capacity post-thaw have not been identified. The objective of this study was to develop an efficient cryopreservation technique for preservation of SSCs. To identify efficient cryopreservation methods for long-term preservation of SSCs, isolated testis cells enriched for SSCs were placed in medium containing dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) or DMSO and trehalose (50 mM, 100 mM, or 200 mM), and frozen in liquid nitrogen for 1 week, 1 month, or 3 months. Freezing in 50 mM trehalose resulted in significantly higher cell viability compared to DMSO at all thawing times and a higher proliferation rate compared to DMSO for the 1 week freezing period. Freezing in 200 mM trehalose did not result in increased cell viability; however, proliferation activity was significantly higher and percentage of apoptotic cells was significantly lower compared to DMSO after freezing for 1 and 3 months. To confirm the functionality of SSCs frozen in 200 mM trehalose, SSC transplantation was performed. Donor SSCs formed spermatogenic colonies and sperm capable of generating normal progeny. Collectively, these results indicate that freezing in DMSO with 200 mM trehalose serves as an efficient method for the cryopreservation of SSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-An Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Ansung, Gyeonggi-Do, Korea
| | - Yong-Hee Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Ansung, Gyeonggi-Do, Korea
| | - Bang-Jin Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Ansung, Gyeonggi-Do, Korea
| | - Byung-Gak Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Ansung, Gyeonggi-Do, Korea
| | - Ki-Jung Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Ansung, Gyeonggi-Do, Korea
| | - Joong-Hyuck Auh
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Ansung, Gyeonggi-Do, Korea
| | - Jonathan A. Schmidt
- Department of Science, Spokane Community College, Spokane, Washington, United States of America
| | - Buom-Yong Ryu
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Ansung, Gyeonggi-Do, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Sart S, Ma T, Li Y. Cryopreservation of pluripotent stem cell aggregates in defined protein-free formulation. Biotechnol Prog 2012; 29:143-53. [PMID: 23125166 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.1653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2012] [Revised: 09/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cultivation of undifferentiated pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) as aggregates has emerged as an efficient culture configuration, enabling rapid and controlled large scale expansion. Aggregate-based PSC cryopreservation facilitates the integrated process of cell expansion and cryopreservation, but its feasibility has not been demonstrated. The goals of current study are to assess the suitability of cryopreserving intact mouse embryonic stem cell (mESC) aggregates and investigate the effects of aggregate size and the formulation of cryopreservation solution on mESC survival and recovery. The results demonstrated the size-dependent cell survival and recovery of intact aggregates. In particular, the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and caspase activation were reduced for small aggregates (109 ± 55 μm) compared to medium (245 ± 77 μm) and large (365 ± 141 μm) ones, leading to the improved cell recovery. In addition, a defined protein-free formulation was tested and found to promote the aggregate survival, eliminating the cell exposure to animal serum. The cryopreserved aggregates also maintained the pluripotent markers and the differentiation capacity into three-germ layers after thawing. In summary, the cryopreservation of small PSC aggregates in a defined protein-free formulation was shown to be a suitable approach toward a fully integrated expansion and cryopreservation process at large scale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Sart
- Dept. of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Cryopreservation with a twist - towards a sterile, serum-free surface-based vitrification of hESCs. Cryobiology 2012; 66:8-16. [PMID: 23085527 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2012.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2012] [Accepted: 10/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) play an important role in the fields of regenerative medicine, basic scientific research, tissue engineering and toxicology. Their unique morphology however makes them very sensitive to cryopreservation procedures. We recently introduced a surface dependent, enzyme- and serum-free method for the effective cryopreservation of bulk quantities of hESC colonies using direct immersion into liquid nitrogen (Beier et al., 2011 [5]). However, direct contact with liquid nitrogen risks contamination and cell infection and severely limits clinical application. This work introduces a modified method and a new combined cultivation and cryopreservation device to facilitate the surface dependent vitrification without contact with (possibly unsterile) liquid nitrogen. The technique allows the culture, cryopreservation, storage and post-thawing cultivation in the same device without detaching cell samples from the cultivation surface. Successful vitrification of bulk quantities of hESCs without direct liquid nitrogen contact is an important step towards automated cryopreservation processes for clinical applications of stem cells and other colony forming cell types.
Collapse
|
49
|
Hanna J, Hubel A. Preservation of stem cells. Organogenesis 2012; 5:134-7. [PMID: 20046676 DOI: 10.4161/org.5.3.9585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2009] [Accepted: 07/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult stem cells (hematopoietic and mesenchymal) have demonstrated tremendous human therapeutic potential. Currently, human embryonic stem cells are used principally for understanding development and disease progression but also hold tremendous therapeutic potential. The ability to preserve stem cells is critical for their use in clinical and research applications. Preservation of cells permits the transportation of cells between sites, as well as completion of safety and quality control testing. Preservation also permits the development of a 'manufacturing paradigm' for cell therapies, thereby maximizing the number of products that can be produced at a given facility. in this article, we will review modes of preservation and the current status of preservation of hematopoietic, mesenchymal and human embryonic stem cells. Current and emerging issues in the area of stem cell preservation will also be described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Hanna
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; University of Minnesota; Minneapolis, MN USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Naaldijk Y, Staude M, Fedorova V, Stolzing A. Effect of different freezing rates during cryopreservation of rat mesenchymal stem cells using combinations of hydroxyethyl starch and dimethylsulfoxide. BMC Biotechnol 2012; 12:49. [PMID: 22889198 PMCID: PMC3465236 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6750-12-49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2012] [Accepted: 07/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are increasingly used as therapeutic agents as well as research tools in regenerative medicine. Development of technologies which allow storing and banking of MSC with minimal loss of cell viability, differentiation capacity, and function is required for clinical and research applications. Cryopreservation is the most effective way to preserve cells long term, but it involves potentially cytotoxic compounds and processing steps. Here, we investigate the effect of decreasing dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) concentrations in cryosolution by substituting with hydroxyethyl starch (HES) of different molecular weights using different freezing rates. Post-thaw viability, phenotype and osteogenic differentiation capacity of MSCs were analysed. Results The study confirms that, for rat MSC, cryopreservation effects need to be assessed some time after, rather than immediately after thawing. MSCs cryopreserved with HES maintain their characteristic cell surface marker expression as well as the osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic differentiation potential. HES alone does not provide sufficient cryoprotection for rat MSCs, but provides good cryoprotection in combination with DMSO, permitting the DMSO content to be reduced to 5%. There are indications that such a combination would seem useful not just for the clinical disadvantages of DMSO but also based on a tendency for reduced osteogenic differentiation capacity of rat MSC cryopreserved with high DMSO concentration. HES molecular weight appears to play only a minor role in its capacity to act as a cryopreservation solution for MSC. The use of a ‘straight freeze’ protocol is no less effective in maintaining post-thaw viability of MSC compared to controlled rate freezing methods. Conclusion A 5% DMSO / 5% HES solution cryopreservation solution using a ‘straight freeze’ approach can be recommended for rat MSC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yahaira Naaldijk
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Perlickstrasse 1, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|