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Makhathini TP, Mulopo J, Bakare BF. Sulfidogenic fluidized-bed bioreactor kinetics for co-treatment of hospital wastewater and acid mine drainage. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 32:e00683. [PMID: 34745909 PMCID: PMC8551841 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2021.e00683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Bioremediation process for acidic mine water co-treatment with hospital wastewater. Metal precipitation reached 98% and soluble concentrations of Fe and Zn were less than 0.1 mg/l. SO42− removal was above 90% in the sulfidogenic bioreactor. Naproxen, ibuprofen, ketoprofen, and diclofenac partially removed during the co-treatment process.
A passive co-treatment of acid mine drainage and hospital wastewater previously demonstrated a promising bioremediation viable approach for both toxic streams. The study of inhibition kinetics and microbial communities is essential to understand better the diverse species and the reaction mechanisms within the system. The kinetics and microbiology diversity in the sulfidogenic fluidized-bed reactor (at 30 °C) for co-treatment of hospital wastewater and metal-containing acidic water were examined. The alkalinity from organic oxidation raised the pH of the effluent from 2.3 to 6.1–8.2. Michaelis-Menten modeling yielded (Km =7.3 mg/l, Vmax = 0.12 mg/l min−1) in the batch bioreactor treatment using sulfate-reducing bacteria. For COD oxidation, the dissolved sulfide inhibition constant (Ki) was 3.6 mg/l, and the Ki value for H2S was 9 mg/l. The dominant species in the treatment process belong to the Proteobacteria group (especially Deltaproteobacteria). The ibuprofen and diclofenac compounds achieved the highest removal rates in the bioreactor of 58.6% and 52.3%, respectively; while, ketoprofen and naproxen of 41.9% and 46.6%, respectively. The findings in COD kinetics, sulfate-reducing bacteria abundance, and selected pharmaceutical concentration reduction provide insight into this co-treatment process's capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thobeka Pearl Makhathini
- School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, P/Bag 3, Wits 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Mangosuthu University of Technology, 511 Mangosuthu Highway, Umlazi, Durban 4031, South Africa
| | - Jean Mulopo
- School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, P/Bag 3, Wits 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Babatunde Femi Bakare
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Mangosuthu University of Technology, 511 Mangosuthu Highway, Umlazi, Durban 4031, South Africa
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2
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Kumar M, Nandi M, Pakshirajan K. Recent advances in heavy metal recovery from wastewater by biogenic sulfide precipitation. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 278:111555. [PMID: 33157464 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Biological sulfide precipitation by sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) is an emerging technique for the recovery of heavy metals from metal contaminated wastewater. Advantages of this technique include low capital cost, ability to form highly insoluble salts, and capability to remove and recover heavy metals even at very low concentrations. Therefore, sulfate reduction under anaerobic conditions has become a suitable alternative for the treatment of wastewaters that contain metals. However, bioreactor configurations for recovery of metals from sulfate rich metallic wastewater have not been explored widely. Moreover, the recovered metal sulfide nanoparticles could be applied in various fields such as solar cells, dye degradation, electroplating, etc. Hence, metal recovery in the form of nanoparticles from wastewater could serve as an incentive for industries. The simultaneous metal removal and recovery can be achieved in either a single-stage or multistage systems. This paper aims to present an overview of the different bioreactor configurations for the treatment of wastewater containing sulfate and metal along with their advantages and drawbacks for metal recovery. Currently followed biological strategies to mitigate sulfate and metal rich wastewater are evaluated in detail in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India.
| | - Moumita Nandi
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Kannan Pakshirajan
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
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Oztemur G, Teksoy Basaran S, Tayran Z, Sahinkaya E. Fluidized bed membrane bioreactor achieves high sulfate reduction and filtration performances at moderate temperatures. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 252:126587. [PMID: 32443270 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The study explored the potential of an up-flow sulfate reducing fluidized-bed membrane bioreactor (SR-FMBR) for biogenic sulfide generation at room temperature together with evaluation of filtration and fouling characteristics developed under various operational conditions. The SR-FMBR was tested at different COD/sulfate (mg/mg) ratios for a total of 127 days, initially at 35 °C and then at 23 °C. SR-FMBR was able to achieve COD oxidation and sulfate reduction efficiencies up to 98%, and allowed for biogenic sulfide generation up to 600 mg/L (97% of theoretical value) at room temperature. Alkalinity was generated as a result of sulfate reduction and averaged around 1900 mgCaCO3/L in the permeate. Hence, starting the bioreactor operation at 35 °C and then decreasing it to 23 °C did not adversely affect the process performance. High filtration fluxes up to 9.3 L/m2/h (LMH) could be maintained at employed hydraulic retention times between 24 h and 6 h. Observing relatively high filtration performance was due to keeping a high fraction of biomass attached to the carrier material, which decreased the cake formation potential on the membrane surface compared to conventional MBR operation. The SR-FMBR performance may further be tested for heavy metal removal under sulfidogenic conditions for acid mine drainage treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guldenur Oztemur
- Environmental and Energy Systems Engineering Program, Istanbul Medeniyet University, 34700, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Senem Teksoy Basaran
- Environmental and Energy Systems Engineering Program, Istanbul Medeniyet University, 34700, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Bioengineering, Istanbul Medeniyet University, 34700, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Zeynep Tayran
- Environmental and Energy Systems Engineering Program, Istanbul Medeniyet University, 34700, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Erkan Sahinkaya
- Environmental and Energy Systems Engineering Program, Istanbul Medeniyet University, 34700, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Bioengineering, Istanbul Medeniyet University, 34700, Istanbul, Turkey
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4
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Xu YN, Chen Y. Advances in heavy metal removal by sulfate-reducing bacteria. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2020; 81:1797-1827. [PMID: 32666937 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2020.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Industrial development has led to generation of large volumes of wastewater containing heavy metals, which need to be removed before the wastewater is released into the environment. Chemical and electrochemical methods are traditionally applied to treat this type of wastewater. These conventional methods have several shortcomings, such as secondary pollution and cost. Bioprocesses are gradually gaining popularity because of their high selectivities, low costs, and reduced environmental pollution. Removal of heavy metals by sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) is an economical and effective alternative to conventional methods. The limitations of and advances in SRB activity have not been comprehensively reviewed. In this paper, recent advances from laboratory studies in heavy metal removal by SRB were reported. Firstly, the mechanism of heavy metal removal by SRB is introduced. Then, the factors affecting microbial activity and metal removal efficiency are elucidated and discussed in detail. In addition, recent advances in selection of an electron donor, enhancement of SRB activity, and improvement of SRB tolerance to heavy metals are reviewed. Furthermore, key points for future studies of the SRB process are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Nan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China E-mail:
| | - Yinguang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China E-mail: ; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
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5
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Virpiranta H, Taskila S, Leiviskä T, Rämö J, Tanskanen J. Development of a process for microbial sulfate reduction in cold mining waters - Cold acclimation of bacterial consortia from an Arctic mining district. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 252:281-288. [PMID: 31158656 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.05.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Biological sulfate removal is challenging in cold climates due to the slower metabolism of mesophilic bacteria; however, cold conditions also offer the possibility to isolate bacteria that have adapted to low temperatures. The present research focused on the cold acclimation and characterization of sulfate-reducing bacterial (SRB) consortia enriched from an Arctic sediment sample from northern Finland. Based on 16S rDNA analysis, the most common sulfate-reducing bacterium in all enriched consortia was Desulfobulbus, which belongs to the δ-Proteobacteria. The majority of the cultivated consortia were able to reduce sulfate at temperatures as low as 6 °C with succinic acid as a carbon source. The sulfate reduction rates at 6 °C varied from 13 to 42 mg/L/d. The cultivation medium used in this research was a Postgate medium supplemented with lactate, ethanol or succinic acid. The obtained consortia were able to grow with lactate and succinic acid but surprisingly not with ethanol. Enriched SRB consortia are useful for the biological treatment of sulfate-containing industrial wastewaters in cold conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Virpiranta
- University of Oulu, Chemical Process Engineering, PO Box 4300, 90014, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Sanna Taskila
- University of Oulu, Chemical Process Engineering, PO Box 4300, 90014, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Tiina Leiviskä
- University of Oulu, Chemical Process Engineering, PO Box 4300, 90014, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Jaakko Rämö
- University of Oulu, Chemical Process Engineering, PO Box 4300, 90014, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Juha Tanskanen
- University of Oulu, Chemical Process Engineering, PO Box 4300, 90014, Oulu, Finland.
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Özkaya B, Kaksonen AH, Sahinkaya E, Puhakka JA. Fluidized bed bioreactor for multiple environmental engineering solutions. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 150:452-465. [PMID: 30572277 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.11.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Fluidized bed bioreactors (FBR) are characterized by two-phase mixture of fluid and solid, in which the bed of solid particles is fluidized by means of downward or upward recirculation stream. FBRs are widely used for multiple environmental engineering solutions, such as wastewater treatment, as well as some industrial applications. FBR offers many benefits such as compact bioreactor size due to short hydraulic retention time, long biomass retention on the carrier, high conversion rates due to fully mixed conditions and consequently high mass transfer rates, no channelling of flow, dilution of influent concentrations due to recycle flow, suitability for enrichment of microbes with low Km values. The disadvantages of FBRs include bioreactor size limitations due to the height-to-diameter ratio, high-energy requirements due to high recycle ratios, and long start-up period for biofilm formation. This paper critically reviews some of the key studies on biomass enrichment via immobilisation of low growth yield microorganisms, high-rates via fully mixed conditions, technical developments in FBRs and ways of overcoming toxic effects via solution recycling. This technology has many potential new uses as well as hydrodynamic characteristics, which enable high-rate environmental engineering and industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bestami Özkaya
- Tampere University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Laboratory of Chemistry and Bioengineering, P.O. Box 541, FI-33101, Tampere, Finland; Yıldız Technical University, Department of Environmental Engineering, Davutpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Anna H Kaksonen
- CSIRO Land and Water, 147 Underwood Avenue, Floreat, WA, 6014, Australia
| | - Erkan Sahinkaya
- Istanbul Medeniyet University, Bioengineering Department, Goztepe, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Jaakko A Puhakka
- Tampere University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Laboratory of Chemistry and Bioengineering, P.O. Box 541, FI-33101, Tampere, Finland.
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7
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Deng D, Lin LS. Continuous sulfidogenic wastewater treatment with iron sulfide sludge oxidation and recycle. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 114:210-217. [PMID: 28249212 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.02.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the technical feasibility of packed-bed sulfidogenic bioreactors dosed with ferrous chloride for continuous wastewater treatment over a 450-day period. In phase I, the bioreactors were operated under different combinations of carbon, iron, and sulfate mass loads without sludge recycling to identify optimal treatment conditions. A COD/sulfate mass ratio of 2 and a Fe/S molar ratio of 1 yielded the best treatment performance with COD oxidation rate of 786 ± 82 mg/(L⋅d), which resulted in 84 ± 9% COD removal, 94 ± 6% sulfate reduction, and good iron retention (99 ± 1%) under favorable pH conditions (6.2-7.0). In phase II, the bioreactors were operated under this chemical load combination over a 62-day period, during which 7 events of sludge collection, oxidation, and recycling were performed. The collected sludge materials contained both inorganic and organic matter with FeS and FeS2 as the main inorganic constituents. In each event, the sludge materials were oxidized in an oxidizing basin before recycling to mix with the wastewater influent. Sludge recycling yielded enhanced COD removal (90 ± 6% vs. 75 ± 7%), and better effluent quality in terms of pH (6.8 ± 0.1 vs. 6.5 ± 0.2), iron (0.7 ± 0.5 vs. 1.9 ± 1.7 mg/L), and sulfide-S (0.3 ± 0.1 vs. 0.4 ± 0.1 mg/L) removal compared to the baseline operation without sludge recycling during phase II. This process exhibited treatment stability with reasonable variations, and fairly consistent sludge content over long periods of operation under a range of COD/sulfate and Fe/S ratios without sludge recycling. The bioreactors were found to absorb recycling-induced changes efficiently without causing elevated suspended solids in the effluents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyang Deng
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506-6103, USA
| | - Lian-Shin Lin
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506-6103, USA.
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8
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An overview of sulfidogenic biological reactors for the simultaneous treatment of sulfate and heavy metal rich wastewater. Chem Eng Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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9
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Ni G, Christel S, Roman P, Wong ZL, Bijmans MFM, Dopson M. Electricity generation from an inorganic sulfur compound containing mining wastewater by acidophilic microorganisms. Res Microbiol 2016; 167:568-75. [PMID: 27155452 PMCID: PMC5015573 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2016.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Sulfide mineral processing often produces large quantities of wastewaters containing acid-generating inorganic sulfur compounds. If released untreated, these wastewaters can cause catastrophic environmental damage. In this study, microbial fuel cells were inoculated with acidophilic microorganisms to investigate whether inorganic sulfur compound oxidation can generate an electrical current. Cyclic voltammetry suggested that acidophilic microorganisms mediated electron transfer to the anode, and that electricity generation was catalyzed by microorganisms. A cation exchange membrane microbial fuel cell, fed with artificial wastewater containing tetrathionate as electron donor, reached a maximum whole cell voltage of 72 ± 9 mV. Stepwise replacement of the artificial anolyte with real mining process wastewater had no adverse effect on bioelectrochemical performance and generated a maximum voltage of 105 ± 42 mV. 16S rRNA gene sequencing of the microbial consortia resulted in sequences that aligned within the genera Thermoplasma, Ferroplasma, Leptospirillum, Sulfobacillus and Acidithiobacillus. This study opens up possibilities to bioremediate mining wastewater using microbial fuel cell technology.
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MESH Headings
- Bioelectric Energy Sources
- Biota
- Cluster Analysis
- DNA, Archaeal/chemistry
- DNA, Archaeal/genetics
- DNA, Bacterial/chemistry
- DNA, Bacterial/genetics
- DNA, Ribosomal/chemistry
- DNA, Ribosomal/genetics
- Electricity
- Mining/methods
- Oxidation-Reduction
- Phylogeny
- RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Sulfur Compounds/metabolism
- Wastewater/microbiology
- Water Pollutants, Chemical/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaofeng Ni
- Center for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial model Systems (EEMiS), Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden.
| | - Stephan Christel
- Center for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial model Systems (EEMiS), Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden.
| | - Pawel Roman
- Sub-Department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University, PO Box 17, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands; Wetsus, European Center of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Oostergoweg 9, 8911 MA, Leeuwarden, The Netherlands.
| | - Zhen Lim Wong
- Center for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial model Systems (EEMiS), Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden.
| | - Martijn F M Bijmans
- Wetsus, European Center of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Oostergoweg 9, 8911 MA, Leeuwarden, The Netherlands.
| | - Mark Dopson
- Center for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial model Systems (EEMiS), Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden.
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Bertolino SM, Silva LAM, Aquino SF, Leão VA. COMPARISON OF UASB AND FLUIDIZED-BED REACTORS FOR SULFATE REDUCTION. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/0104-6632.20150321s00003158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - V. A. Leão
- Federal University of Ouro Preto, Brazil
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11
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Bertolino SM, Melgaço LA, Sá RG, Leão VA. Comparing lactate and glycerol as a single-electron donor for sulfate reduction in fluidized bed reactors. Biodegradation 2014; 25:719-33. [DOI: 10.1007/s10532-014-9694-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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12
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Reis FD, Silva AM, Cunha EC, Leão VA. Application of sodium- and biogenic sulfide to the precipitation of nickel in a continuous reactor. Sep Purif Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2013.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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13
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Bekmezci OK, Ucar D, Kaksonen AH, Sahinkaya E. Sulfidogenic biotreatment of synthetic acid mine drainage and sulfide oxidation in anaerobic baffled reactor. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2011; 189:670-676. [PMID: 21320747 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.01.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2010] [Revised: 01/18/2011] [Accepted: 01/21/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The treatment of synthetic acid mine drainage (AMD) water (pH 3.0-6.5) containing sulfate (3.0-3.5 g L(-1)) and various metals (Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, and Zn) was studied in an ethanol-fed sulfate-reducing 4-compartment anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR) at 32°C. The reactor was operated for 160 days at different chemical oxygen demand (COD)/sulfate ratios, hydraulic retention times (HRT), pH, and metal concentrations to study the robustness of the process. The last compartment of the reactor was aerated at different rates to study the bio-oxidation of sulfide to elemental sulfur. The highest sulfate reduction efficiency (88%) was obtained with a feed sulfate concentration of 3.5 g L(-1), COD/sulfate mass ratio of 0.737, feed pH of 3.0 and HRT of 2 days without aeration in the 4th compartment. The corresponding COD removal efficiency was about 92%. The alkalinity produced in the sulfidogenic ethanol oxidation neutralized the acidic mine water from pH 3.0-4.5 to pH 7.0-8.0. Effluent soluble and total heavy metal concentrations were substantially reduced with removal efficiencies generally higher than 99%, except for Mn (25-77%). Limited aeration in the 4th compartment of ABR promoted incomplete oxidation of sulfide to elemental sulfur rather than complete oxidation to sulfate. Depending on the aeration rate and HRT, 32-74% of produced sulfide was oxidized to elemental sulfur. This study demonstrates that by optimizing operating conditions, sulfate reduction, metal removal, alkalinity generation, and excess sulfide oxidation can be achieved in a single ABR treating AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozan K Bekmezci
- Harran University, Environmental Engineering Department, Osmanbey Campus, 63000 Sanliurfa, Turkey
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14
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Kousi P, Remoundaki E, Hatzikioseyian A, Battaglia-Brunet F, Joulian C, Kousteni V, Tsezos M. Metal precipitation in an ethanol-fed, fixed-bed sulphate-reducing bioreactor. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2011; 189:677-684. [PMID: 21316850 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.01.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2010] [Revised: 12/23/2010] [Accepted: 01/17/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A batch upflow fixed-bed sulphate-reducing bioreactor has been set up and monitored for the treatment of synthetic solutions containing divalent iron (100mg/L and 200mg/L), zinc (100mg/L and 200mg/L), copper (100mg/L and 200mg/L), nickel (100mg/L and 200mg/L) and sulphate (1700 mg/L and 2130 mg/L) at initial pH 3-3.5, using ethanol as the sole electron donor. The reactor has been operated at the theoretical stoichiometric ethanol/sulphate ratio. Complete oxidation of ethanol has been achieved through complete oxidation of the intermediately, microbially produced acetate. This is mainly attributed to the presence of Desulfobacter postgatei species which dominated the sulphate-reducing community in the reactor. The reduction of sulphate was limited to about 85%. Quantitative precipitation of the soluble metal ions has been achieved. XRD and SEM-EDS analyses performed on samples of the produced sludge showed poorly crystalline phases of marcasite, covellite and wurtzite as well as several mixed metal sulphides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavlina Kousi
- National Technical University of Athens, School of Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, Heroon Polytechniou 9, 15780 Athens, Greece.
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15
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Biotreatment of acidic zinc- and copper-containing wastewater using ethanol-fed sulfidogenic anaerobic baffled reactor. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2010; 33:989-97. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-010-0423-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2010] [Accepted: 03/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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16
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Auvinen H, Nevatalo LM, Kaksonen AH, Puhakka JA. Low-temperature (9 degrees C) AMD treatment in a sulfidogenic bioreactor dominated by a mesophilic Desulfomicrobium species. Biotechnol Bioeng 2009; 104:740-51. [PMID: 19575409 DOI: 10.1002/bit.22434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The possibilities for the treatment of low-temperature mine waste waters have not been widely studied. The amenability of low-temperature sulfate reduction for mine waste water treatment at 9 degrees C was studied in a bench-scale fluidized-bed bioreactor (FBR). Formate was used as the electron and carbon source. The first influent for the FBR was acidic, synthetic waste water containing iron, nutrients, and sulfate, followed by diluted barren bioleaching solution (DBBS). The average sulfate reduction rates were 8 mmol L(-1) day(-1) and 6 mmol L(-1) day(-1) with synthetic waste water and DBBS, respectively. The corresponding specific activities were 2.4 and 1.6 mmol SO(4)(2-) g VSS(-1) day(-1), respectively. The composition of the microbial community and the active species of the FBR was analyzed by extracting the DNA and RNA, followed by PCR-DGGE with the universal bacterial 16S rRNA gene primers and dsrB-primers specific for sulfate-reducing bacteria. The FBR microbial community was simple and stable and the dominant and active species belonged to the genus Desulfomicrobium. In summary, long-term operation of a low-temperature bioreactor resulted in enrichment of formate-utilizing, psychrotolerant mesophilic sulfate reducing bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannele Auvinen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Tampere University of Technology, P.O. Box 541, FIN-33101, Tampere, Finland
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17
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Sahinkaya E, Gungor M, Bayrakdar A, Yucesoy Z, Uyanik S. Separate recovery of copper and zinc from acid mine drainage using biogenic sulfide. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2009; 171:901-906. [PMID: 19608339 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.06.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2009] [Revised: 06/13/2009] [Accepted: 06/16/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Precipitation of metals from acid mine drainage (AMD) using sulfide gives the possibility of selective recovery due to different solubility product of each metal. Using sulfate reducing bacteria to produce sulfide for that purpose is advantageous due to in situ and on-demand sulfide production. In this study, separate precipitation of Cu and Zn was studied using sulfide produced in anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR). ABR fed with ethanol (1340 mg/L chemical oxygen demand (COD)) and sulfate (2000 mg/L) gave a stable performance with 65% sulfate reduction, 85% COD removal and around 320 mg/L sulfide production. Cu was separately precipitated at low pH (pH<2) using sulfide transported from ABR effluent via N(2) gas. Cu precipitation was complete within 45-60 min and Zn did not precipitate during Cu removal. The Cu precipitation rate increased with initial Cu concentration. After selective Cu precipitation, Zn recovery was studied using ABR effluent containing sulfide and alkalinity. Depending on initial sulfide/Zn ratio, removal efficiency varied between 84 and 98%. The low pH of Zn bearing AMD was also increased to neutral values using alkalinity produced by sulfate reducing bacteria in ABR. The mode of particle size distribution of ZnS and CuS precipitates was around 17 and 46 microm, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erkan Sahinkaya
- Environmental Engineering Department, Harran University, 63000 Sanliurfa, Turkey.
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Bayrakdar A, Sahinkaya E, Gungor M, Uyanik S, Atasoy AD. Performance of sulfidogenic anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR) treating acidic and zinc-containing wastewater. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2009; 100:4354-4360. [PMID: 19428238 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2009] [Revised: 04/14/2009] [Accepted: 04/14/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The applicability of anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR) was investigated for the treatment of acidic (pH 4.5-7.0) wastewater containing sulfate (1000-2000 mg/L) and Zn (65-200mg/L) at 35 degrees C. The ABR consisted of four equal stages and lactate was supplemented (COD/SO(4)(2-)=0.67) as carbon and energy source for sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB). The robustness of the system was studied by decreasing pH and increasing Zn, COD, and sulfate loadings. Sulfate-reduction efficiency quickly increased during the start-up period and reached 80% within 45 days. Decreasing feed pH, increasing feed sulfate and Zn concentrations did not adversely affect system performance as sulfate reduction and COD removal efficiencies were within 62-90% and 80-95%, respectively. Although feed pH was steadily decreased from 7.0 to 4.5, effluent pH was always within 6.8-7.5. Over 99% Zn removal was attained throughout the study due to formation of Zn-sulfide precipitate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alper Bayrakdar
- Environmental Engineering Department, Harran University, Osmanbey Campus, Sanliurfa, Turkey
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Sahinkaya E. Biotreatment of zinc-containing wastewater in a sulfidogenic CSTR: Performance and artificial neural network (ANN) modelling studies. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2009; 164:105-113. [PMID: 18774640 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.07.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2008] [Revised: 07/28/2008] [Accepted: 07/28/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Sulfidogenic treatment of sulfate (2-10g/L) and zinc (65-677mg/L) containing simulated wastewater was studied in a mesophilic (35 degrees C) CSTR. Ethanol was supplemented (COD/sulfate=0.67) as carbon and energy source for sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB). The robustness of the system was studied by increasing Zn, COD and sulfate loadings. Sulfate removal efficiency, which was 70% at 2g/L feed sulfate concentration, steadily decreased with increasing feed sulfate concentration and reached 40% at 10g/L. Over 99% Zn removal was attained due to the formation of zinc-sulfide precipitate. COD removal efficiency at 2g/L feed sulfate concentration was over 94%, whereas, it steadily decreased due to the accumulation of acetate at higher loadings. Alkalinity produced from acetate oxidation increased wastewater pH remarkably when feed sulfate concentration was 5g/L or lower. Electron flow from carbon oxidation to sulfate reduction averaged 83+/-13%. The rest of the electrons were most likely coupled with fermentative reactions as the amount of methane production was insignificant. The developed ANN model was very successful as an excellent to reasonable match was obtained between the measured and the predicted concentrations of sulfate (R=0.998), COD (R=0.993), acetate (R=0.976) and zinc (R=0.827) in the CSTR effluent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erkan Sahinkaya
- Harran University, Environmental Engineering Department, Osmanbey Campus, 63000 Sanliurfa, Turkey.
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Gallegos-Garcia M, Celis LB, Rangel-Méndez R, Razo-Flores E. Precipitation and recovery of metal sulfides from metal containing acidic wastewater in a sulfidogenic down-flow fluidized bed reactor. Biotechnol Bioeng 2009; 102:91-9. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.22049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Kaksonen AH, Puhakka JA. Sulfate Reduction Based Bioprocesses for the Treatment of Acid Mine Drainage and the Recovery of Metals. Eng Life Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/elsc.200720216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Sahinkaya E, Ozkaya B, Kaksonen AH, Puhakka JA. Sulfidogenic fluidized-bed treatment of metal-containing wastewater at 8 and 65 degrees C temperatures is limited by acetate oxidation. WATER RESEARCH 2007; 41:2706-14. [PMID: 17418880 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2007.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2006] [Revised: 01/31/2007] [Accepted: 02/20/2007] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Acetate utilization in sulfidogenic fluidized-bed reactors (FBRs) was investigated for the treatment of iron containing wastewater at low (8 degrees C) and high (65 degrees C) temperatures. The FBRs operated at low and high temperatures were inoculated with cultures of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) originally enriched from arctic and hot mining environments, respectively. Acetate was not utilized as a carbon and electron source for SRB at 8 degrees C. With ethanol, hydrogen sulfide was produced from ethanol to acetate oxidation, which precipitated the iron. Then, several attempts were made to obtain acetate oxidation at 8 degrees C. Inoculation of two different low temperature enrichments and operating the FBR for a long period of time (321 days) did not result in enrichment of acetate oxidizing SRB. Due to the absence of acetate oxidation at 8 degrees C, external alkalinity addition was required to keep the pH neutral. At 65 degrees C, average acetate and sulfate removals were 52+/-12% and 24+/-8% at 670 mg/Ld acetate and 1500 mg/Ld sulfate loadings, respectively. The produced alkalinity from acetate oxidation increased the pH from 6.4 to around 7.5 and electron flow to sulfate reduction averaged 65%. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis of 16S rRNA genes showed quite stable SRB community at 8 degrees C, whereas, at 65 degrees C SRB community was dynamic. In the FBRs, Desulfomicrobium apsheronum and Desulfosporosinus sp. at 8 degrees C and Desulfotomaculum sp. at 65 degrees C were detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erkan Sahinkaya
- Institute of Environmental Engineering and Biotechnology, Tampere University of Technology, P.O. Box 541, FIN-33101 Tampere, Finland.
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