1
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Anbaei P, Stevens MG, Ball AG, Bullock TNJ, Pompano RR. Spatially resolved quantification of oxygen consumption rate in ex vivo lymph node slices. Analyst 2024; 149:2609-2620. [PMID: 38535830 PMCID: PMC11056769 DOI: 10.1039/d4an00028e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Cellular metabolism has been closely linked to activation state in cells of the immune system, and the oxygen consumption rate (OCR) in particular serves as a valuable metric for assessing metabolic activity. Several oxygen sensing assays have been reported for cells in standard culture conditions. However, none have provided a spatially resolved, optical measurement of local oxygen consumption in intact tissue samples, making it challenging to understand regional dynamics of consumption. Therefore, here we established a system to monitor the rates of oxygen consumption in ex vivo tissue slices, using murine lymphoid tissue as a case study. By integrating an optical oxygen sensor into a sealed perfusion chamber and incorporating appropriate correction for photobleaching of the sensor and of tissue autofluorescence, we were able to visualize and quantify rates of oxygen consumption in tissue. This method revealed for the first time that the rate of oxygen consumption in naïve lymphoid tissue was higher in the T cell region compared to the B cell and cortical regions. To validate the method, we measured OCR in the T cell regions of naïve lymph node slices using the optical assay and estimated the consumption rate per cell. The predictions from the optical assay were similar to reported values and were not significantly different from those of the Seahorse metabolic assay, a gold standard method for measuring OCR in cell suspensions. Finally, we used this method to quantify the rate of onset of tissue hypoxia for lymph node slices cultured in a sealed chamber and showed that continuous perfusion was sufficient to maintain oxygenation. In summary, this work establishes a method to monitor oxygen consumption with regional resolution in intact tissue explants, suitable for future use to compare tissue culture conditions and responses to stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parastoo Anbaei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia College of Arts and, Sciences, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA.
| | - Marissa G Stevens
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
- Carter Immunology Center and UVA Cancer Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
| | - Alexander G Ball
- Department of Microbiology Cancer Biology and Immunology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
- Carter Immunology Center and UVA Cancer Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
| | - Timothy N J Bullock
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
- Carter Immunology Center and UVA Cancer Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
| | - Rebecca R Pompano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia College of Arts and, Sciences, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
- Carter Immunology Center and UVA Cancer Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
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2
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Ponmozhi J, Dhinakaran S, Kocsis D, Iván K, Erdő F. Models for barrier understanding in health and disease in lab-on-a-chips. Tissue Barriers 2024; 12:2221632. [PMID: 37294075 PMCID: PMC11042069 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2023.2221632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The maintenance of body homeostasis relies heavily on physiological barriers. Dysfunction of these barriers can lead to various pathological processes, including increased exposure to toxic materials and microorganisms. Various methods exist to investigate barrier function in vivo and in vitro. To investigate barrier function in a highly reproducible manner, ethically, and high throughput, researchers have turned to non-animal techniques and micro-scale technologies. In this comprehensive review, the authors summarize the current applications of organ-on-a-chip microfluidic devices in the study of physiological barriers. The review covers the blood-brain barrier, ocular barriers, dermal barrier, respiratory barriers, intestinal, hepatobiliary, and renal/bladder barriers under both healthy and pathological conditions. The article then briefly presents placental/vaginal, and tumour/multi-organ barriers in organ-on-a-chip devices. Finally, the review discusses Computational Fluid Dynamics in microfluidic systems that integrate biological barriers. This article provides a concise yet informative overview of the current state-of-the-art in barrier studies using microfluidic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Ponmozhi
- Microfluidics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, IPS Academy-Institute of Engineering Science, Indore, India
| | - S. Dhinakaran
- The Centre for Fluid Dynamics, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India
| | - Dorottya Kocsis
- Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kristóf Iván
- Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Franciska Erdő
- Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Budapest, Hungary
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3
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Anbaei P, Stevens MG, Ball AG, Bullock TNJ, Pompano RR. Spatially resolved quantification of oxygen consumption rate in ex vivo lymph node slices. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.03.573955. [PMID: 38260315 PMCID: PMC10802365 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.03.573955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Cellular metabolism has been closely linked to activation state in cells of the immune system, and the oxygen consumption rate (OCR) in particular serves as a valuable metric for assessing metabolic activity. Several oxygen sensing assays have been reported for cells in standard culture conditions. However, none have provided a spatially resolved, optical measurement of local oxygen consumption in intact tissue samples, making it challenging to understand regional dynamics of consumption. Therefore, here we established a system to monitor the rates of oxygen consumption in ex vivo tissue slices, using murine lymphoid tissue as a case study. By integrating an optical oxygen sensor into a sealed perfusion chamber and incorporating appropriate correction for photobleaching of the sensor and of tissue autofluorescence, we were able to visualize and quantify rates of oxygen consumption in tissue. This method revealed for the first time that the rate of oxygen consumption in naïve lymphoid tissue was higher in the T cell region compared to the B cell and cortical regions. To validate the method, we measured OCR in the T cell regions of naïve lymph node slices using the optical assay and estimated the consumption rate per cell. The predictions from the optical assay were similar to reported values and were not significantly different from those of the Seahorse metabolic assay, a gold standard method for measuring OCR in cell suspensions. Finally, we used this method to quantify the rate of onset of tissue hypoxia for lymph node slices cultured in a sealed chamber and showed that continuous perfusion was sufficient to maintain oxygenation. In summary, this work establishes a method to monitor oxygen consumption with regional resolution in intact tissue explants, suitable for future use to compare tissue culture conditions and responses to stimulation. TOC image
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4
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Despicht C, Munkboel CH, Chou HN, Ertl P, Rothbauer M, Kutter JP, Styrishave B, Kretschmann A. Towards a microfluidic H295R steroidogenesis assay-biocompatibility study and steroid detection on a thiol-ene-based chip. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:5421-5436. [PMID: 37438566 PMCID: PMC10444685 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04816-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
The development of cell-based microfluidic assays offers exciting new opportunities in toxicity testing, allowing for integration of new functionalities, automation, and high throughput in comparison to traditional well-plate assays. As endocrine disruption caused by environmental chemicals and pharmaceuticals represents a growing global health burden, the purpose of the current study was to contribute towards the miniaturization of the H295R steroidogenesis assay, from the well-plate to the microfluidic format. Microfluidic chip fabrication with the established well-plate material polystyrene (PS) is expensive and complicated; PDMS and thiol-ene were therefore tested as potential chip materials for microfluidic H295R cell culture, and evaluated in terms of cell attachment, cell viability, and steroid synthesis in the absence and presence of collagen surface modification. Additionally, spike-recovery experiments were performed, to investigate potential steroid adsorption to chip materials. Cell aggregation with poor steroid recoveries was observed for PDMS, while cells formed monolayer cultures on the thiol-ene chip material, with cell viability and steroid synthesis comparable to cells grown on a PS surface. As thiol-ene overall displayed more favorable properties for H295R cell culture, a microfluidic chip design and corresponding cell seeding procedure were successfully developed, achieving repeatable and uniform cell distribution in microfluidic channels. Finally, H295R perfusion culture on thiol-ene chips was investigated at different flow rates (20, 10, and 2.5 µL/min), and 13 steroids were detected in eluting cell medium over 48 h at the lowest flow rate. The presented work and results pave the way for a time-resolved microfluidic H295R steroidogenesis assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Despicht
- Toxicology and Drug Metabolism Group, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen OE, Denmark
| | - Cecilie H Munkboel
- Toxicology and Drug Metabolism Group, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen OE, Denmark
| | - Hua Nee Chou
- Toxicology and Drug Metabolism Group, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen OE, Denmark
| | - Peter Ertl
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mario Rothbauer
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060, Vienna, Austria
- Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-22, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jörg P Kutter
- Microscale Analytical Systems, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Univeristy of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, OE, Denmark
| | - Bjarne Styrishave
- Toxicology and Drug Metabolism Group, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen OE, Denmark.
| | - Andreas Kretschmann
- Toxicology and Drug Metabolism Group, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen OE, Denmark
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5
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Delong LM, Ross AE. Open multi-organ communication device for easy interrogation of tissue slices. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:3034-3049. [PMID: 37278087 PMCID: PMC10330603 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00115f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Here, we have developed an open multi-organ communication device that facilitates cellular and molecular communication between ex vivo organ slices. Measuring communication between organs is vital for understanding the mechanisms of health regulation yet remains difficult with current technology. Communication between organs along the gut-brain-immune axis is a key regulator of gut homeostasis. As a novel application of the device, we have used tissue slices from the Peyer's patch (PP) and mesenteric lymph node (MLN) due to their importance in gut immunity; however, any organ slices could be used here. The device was designed and fabricated using a combination of 3D printed molds for polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) soft lithography, PDMS membranes, and track-etch porous membranes. To validate cellular and protein transfer between organs on-chip, we used fluorescence microscopy to quantitate movement of fluorescent proteins and cells from the PP to the MLN, replicating the initial response to immune stimuli in the gut. IFN-γ secretion during perfusion from a naïve vs. inflamed PP to a healthy MLN was quantitated to demonstrate soluble signaling molecules are moving on-chip. Finally, transient catecholamine release was measured during perfusion from PP to MLN using fast-scan cyclic voltammetry at carbon-fiber microelectrodes to demonstrate a novel application of the device for real-time sensing during communication. Overall, we show an open-well multi-organ device capable of facilitating transfer of soluble factors and cells with the added benefit of being available for external analysis techniques like electrochemical sensing which will advance abilities to probe communication in real-time across multiple organs ex vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M Delong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, 312 College Dr., 404 Crosley Tower, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0172, USA.
| | - Ashley E Ross
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, 312 College Dr., 404 Crosley Tower, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0172, USA.
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6
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Siwczak F, Hiller C, Pfannkuche H, Schneider MR. Culture of vibrating microtome tissue slices as a 3D model in biomedical research. J Biol Eng 2023; 17:36. [PMID: 37264444 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-023-00357-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The basic idea behind the use of 3-dimensional (3D) tools in biomedical research is the assumption that the structures under study will perform at the best in vitro if cultivated in an environment that is as similar as possible to their natural in vivo embedding. Tissue slicing fulfills this premise optimally: it is an accessible, unexpensive, imaging-friendly, and technically rather simple procedure which largely preserves the extracellular matrix and includes all or at least most supportive cell types in the correct tissue architecture with little cellular damage. Vibrating microtomes (vibratomes) can further improve the quality of the generated slices because of the lateral, saw-like movement of the blade, which significantly reduces tissue pulling or tearing compared to a straight cut. In spite of its obvious advantages, vibrating microtome slices are rather underrepresented in the current discussion on 3D tools, which is dominated by methods as organoids, organ-on-chip and bioprinting. Here, we review the development of vibrating microtome tissue slices, the major technical features underlying its application, as well as its current use and potential advances, such as a combination with novel microfluidic culture chambers. Once fully integrated into the 3D toolbox, tissue slices may significantly contribute to decrease the use of laboratory animals and is likely to have a strong impact on basic and translational research as well as drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatina Siwczak
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 7, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Charlotte Hiller
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 7, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Helga Pfannkuche
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 7, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Marlon R Schneider
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 7, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
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7
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Pixelated Microfluidics for Drug Screening on Tumour Spheroids and Ex Vivo Microdissected Tumour Explants. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15041060. [PMID: 36831403 PMCID: PMC9954565 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Anticancer drugs have the lowest success rate of approval in drug development programs. Thus, preclinical assays that closely predict the clinical responses to drugs are of utmost importance in both clinical oncology and pharmaceutical research. 3D tumour models preserve the tumoral architecture and are cost- and time-efficient. However, the short-term longevity, limited throughput, and limitations of live imaging of these models have so far driven researchers towards less realistic tumour models such as monolayer cell cultures. Here, we present an open-space microfluidic drug screening platform that enables the formation, culture, and multiplexed delivery of several reagents to various 3D tumour models, namely cancer cell line spheroids and ex vivo primary tumour fragments. Our platform utilizes a microfluidic pixelated chemical display that creates isolated adjacent flow sub-units of reagents, which we refer to as fluidic 'pixels', over tumour models in a contact-free fashion. Up to nine different treatment conditions can be tested over 144 samples in a single experiment. We provide a proof-of-concept application by staining fixed and live tumour models with multiple cellular dyes. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the response of the tumour models to biological stimuli can be assessed using the platform. Upscaling the microfluidic platform to larger areas can lead to higher throughputs, and thus will have a significant impact on developing treatments for cancer.
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8
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Vega JMDH, Hong HJ, Loutherback K, Stybayeva G, Revzin A. A Microfluidic Device for Long-Term Maintenance of Organotypic Liver Cultures. ADVANCED MATERIALS TECHNOLOGIES 2023; 8:2201121. [PMID: 36818276 PMCID: PMC9937715 DOI: 10.1002/admt.202201121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Liver cultures may be used for disease modeling, testing therapies and predicting drug-induced injury. The complexity of the liver cultures has evolved from hepatocyte monocultures to co-cultures with non-parenchymal cells and finally to precision-cut liver slices. The latter culture format retains liver's native biomolecular and cellular complexity and therefore holds considerable promise for in vitro testing. However, liver slices remain functional for ~72 h in vitro and display limited utility for some disease modeling and therapy testing applications that require longer culture times. This paper describes a microfluidic device for longer-term maintenance of functional organotypic liver cultures. Our microfluidic culture system was designed to enable direct injection of liver tissue into a culture chamber through a valve-enabled side port. Liver tissue was embedded in collagen and remained functional for up to 31 days, highlighted by continued production of albumin and urea. These organotypic cultures also expressed several enzymes involved in xenobiotic metabolism. Conversely, matched liver tissue embedded in collagen in a 96-well plate lost its phenotype and function within 3-5 days. The microfluidic organotypic liver cultures described here represent a significant advance in liver cultivation and may be used for future modeling of liver diseases or for individualized liver-directed therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M. de Hoyos Vega
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Hye Jin Hong
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Kevin Loutherback
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Gulnaz Stybayeva
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Alexander Revzin
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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9
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Dalsbecker P, Beck Adiels C, Goksör M. Liver-on-a-chip devices: the pros and cons of complexity. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2022; 323:G188-G204. [PMID: 35819853 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00346.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Physiologically relevant and broadly applicable liver cell culture platforms are of great importance in both drug development and disease modeling. Organ-on-a-chip systems offer a promising alternative to conventional, static two-dimensional (2-D) cultures, providing much-needed cues such as perfusion, shear stress, and three-dimensional (3-D) cell-cell communication. However, such devices cover a broad range of complexity both in manufacture and in implementation. In this review, we summarize the key features of the human liver that should be reflected in a physiologically relevant liver-on-a-chip model. We also discuss different material properties of importance in producing liver-on-a-chip devices and summarize recent and current progress in the field, highlighting different types of devices at different levels of complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mattias Goksör
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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10
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Rafiei N, Moghadam MG, Au A, Regeenes R, Chidambaram S, Liang T, Wang Y, Yip CM, Gaisano H, Rocheleau JV. Design of a versatile microfluidic device for imaging precision-cut-tissue slices. Biofabrication 2022; 14. [PMID: 35793653 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ac7eea] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Precision-cut-tissues (PCTs), which preserve many aspects of a tissue's microenvironment, are typically imaged using conventional sample dishes and chambers. These can require large amounts of reagent and, when used for flow-through experiments, the shear forces applied on the tissues are often ill-defined. Their physical design also makes it difficult to image large volumes and repetitively image smaller regions of interest in the living slice. We report here on the design of a versatile microfluidic device capable of holding mouse or human pancreas PCTs for 3D fluorescence imaging using confocal and selective plane illumination microscopy (SPIM). Our design positions PCTs within a 5 × 5 mm × 140µm deep chamber fitted with 150µm tall channels to facilitate media exchange. Shear stress in the device is localized to small regions on the surface of the tissue and can be easily controlled. This design allows for media exchange at flowrates ∼10-fold lower than those required for conventional chambers. Finally, this design allows for imaging the same immunofluorescently labeled PCT with high resolution on a confocal and with large field of view on a SPIM, without adversely affecting image quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafiseh Rafiei
- Advanced Diagnostics, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mohammadamir G Moghadam
- Advanced Diagnostics, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Aaron Au
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Romario Regeenes
- Advanced Diagnostics, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Tao Liang
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yufeng Wang
- Advanced Diagnostics, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Christopher M Yip
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Herbert Gaisano
- Advanced Diagnostics, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jonathan V Rocheleau
- Advanced Diagnostics, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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11
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Parsian M, Mutlu P, Yildirim E, Ildiz C, Ozen C, Gunduz U. Development of a microfluidic platform to maintain viability of micro-dissected tumor slices in culture. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2022; 16:034103. [PMID: 35547184 PMCID: PMC9076128 DOI: 10.1063/5.0087532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
One of the issues limiting the development of personalized medicine is the absence of realistic models that reflect the nature and complexity of tumor tissues. We described a new tissue culture approach that combines a microfluidic chip with the microdissected breast cancer tumor. "Tumor-on-a-chip" devices are suitable for precision medicine since the viability of tissue samples is maintained during the culture period by continuously feeding fresh media and eliminating metabolic wastes from the tissue. However, the mass transport of oxygen, which arguably is the most critical nutrient, is rarely assessed. According to our results, transportation of oxygen provides satisfactory in vivo oxygenation within the system. A high level of dissolved oxygen, around 98%-100% for every 24 h, was measurable in the outlet medium. The microfluidic chip system developed within the scope of this study allows living and testing tumor tissues under laboratory conditions. In this study, tumors were generated in CD-1 mice using MDA-MB-231 and SKBR-3 cell lines. Microdissected tumor tissues were cultured both in the newly developed microfluidic chip system and in conventional 24-well culture plates. Two systems were compared for two different types of tumors. The confocal microscopy analyses, lactate dehydrogenase release, and glucose consumption values showed that the tissues in the microfluidic system remained more viable with respect to the conventional well plate culturing method, up to 96 h. The new culturing technique described here may be superior to conventional culturing techniques for developing new treatment strategies, such as testing chemotherapeutics on tumor samples from individual patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Parsian
- Department of Biotechnology, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Pelin Mutlu
- Department of Biotechnology, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:
| | - Ender Yildirim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Can Ildiz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Can Ozen
- Department of Biotechnology, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
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12
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de Hoyos-Vega JM, Hong HJ, Stybayeva G, Revzin A. Hepatocyte cultures: From collagen gel sandwiches to microfluidic devices with integrated biosensors. APL Bioeng 2021; 5:041504. [PMID: 34703968 PMCID: PMC8519630 DOI: 10.1063/5.0058798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocytes are parenchymal cells of the liver responsible for drug detoxification, urea and bile production, serum protein synthesis, and glucose homeostasis. Hepatocytes are widely used for drug toxicity studies in bioartificial liver devices and for cell-based liver therapies. Because hepatocytes are highly differentiated cells residing in a complex microenvironment in vivo, they tend to lose hepatic phenotype and function in vitro. This paper first reviews traditional culture approaches used to rescue hepatic function in vitro and then discusses the benefits of emerging microfluidic-based culture approaches. We conclude by reviewing integration of hepatocyte cultures with bioanalytical or sensing approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose M. de Hoyos-Vega
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55902, USA
| | - Hye Jin Hong
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55902, USA
| | - Gulnaz Stybayeva
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55902, USA
| | - Alexander Revzin
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55902, USA
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13
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Development of a Microfluidic Device to Form a Long Chemical Gradient in a Tissue from Both Ends with an Analysis of Its Appearance and Content. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12121482. [PMID: 34945332 PMCID: PMC8709218 DOI: 10.3390/mi12121482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Tissue assays have improved our understanding of cancers in terms of the three-dimensional structures and cellular diversity of the tissue, although they are not yet well-developed. Perfusion culture and active chemical gradient formation in centimeter order are difficult in tissue assays, but they are important for simulating the metabolic functions of tissues. Using microfluidic technology, we developed an H-shaped channel device that could form a long concentration gradient of molecules in a tissue that we could then analyze based on its appearance and content. For demonstration, a cylindrical pork tissue specimen was punched and equipped in the H-shaped channel device, and both ends of the tissue were exposed to flowing distilled and blue-dyed water for 100 h. After perfusion, the tissue was removed from the H-shaped channel device and sectioned. The gradient of the blue intensity along the longitudinal direction of the tissue was measured based on its appearance and content. We confirmed that the measured gradients from the appearance and content were comparable.
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14
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Rodimova S, Elagin V, Karabut M, Koryakina I, Timin A, Zagainov V, Zyuzin M, Zagaynova E, Kuznetsova D. Toxicological Analysis of Hepatocytes Using FLIM Technique: In Vitro versus Ex Vivo Models. Cells 2021; 10:2894. [PMID: 34831114 PMCID: PMC8616382 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The search for new criteria indicating acute or chronic pathological processes resulting from exposure to toxic agents, testing of drugs for potential hepatotoxicity, and fundamental study of the mechanisms of hepatotoxicity at a molecular level still represents a challenging issue that requires the selection of adequate research models and tools. Microfluidic chips (MFCs) offer a promising in vitro model for express analysis and are easy to implement. However, to obtain comprehensive information, more complex models are needed. A fundamentally new label-free approach for studying liver pathology is fluorescence-lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM). We obtained FLIM data on both the free and bound forms of NAD(P)H, which is associated with different metabolic pathways. In clinical cases, liver pathology resulting from overdoses is most often as a result of acetaminophen (APAP) or alcohol (ethanol). Therefore, we have studied and compared the metabolic state of hepatocytes in various experimental models of APAP and ethanol hepatotoxicity. We have determined the potential diagnostic criteria including the pathologically altered metabolism of the hepatocytes in the early stages of toxic damage, including pronounced changes in the contribution from the bound form of NAD(P)H. In contrast to the MFCs, the changes in the metabolic state of hepatocytes in the ex vivo models are, to a greater extent, associated with compensatory processes. Thus, MFCs in combination with FLIM can be applied as an effective tool set for the express modeling and diagnosis of hepatotoxicity in clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Rodimova
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., 603000 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (V.E.); (M.K.); (V.Z.); (E.Z.); (D.K.)
- Department of Biophysics, N.I. Lobachevsky Nizhny Novgorod National Research State University, 23 Gagarina Ave., 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Vadim Elagin
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., 603000 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (V.E.); (M.K.); (V.Z.); (E.Z.); (D.K.)
| | - Maria Karabut
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., 603000 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (V.E.); (M.K.); (V.Z.); (E.Z.); (D.K.)
| | - Irina Koryakina
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, 9 Lomonosova St., 191002 St. Petersburg, Russia; (I.K.); (M.Z.)
| | - Alexander Timin
- Research School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, 30 Lenin Ave., 634034 Tomsk, Russia;
- Institute of Biomedical Systems and Biotechnology, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 29 Polytechnicheskaya St., 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Vladimir Zagainov
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., 603000 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (V.E.); (M.K.); (V.Z.); (E.Z.); (D.K.)
- The Volga District Medical Centre of Federal Medical and Biological Agency, 14 Ilinskaya St., 603000 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Mikhail Zyuzin
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, 9 Lomonosova St., 191002 St. Petersburg, Russia; (I.K.); (M.Z.)
| | - Elena Zagaynova
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., 603000 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (V.E.); (M.K.); (V.Z.); (E.Z.); (D.K.)
- Department of Biophysics, N.I. Lobachevsky Nizhny Novgorod National Research State University, 23 Gagarina Ave., 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Daria Kuznetsova
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., 603000 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (V.E.); (M.K.); (V.Z.); (E.Z.); (D.K.)
- Department of Biophysics, N.I. Lobachevsky Nizhny Novgorod National Research State University, 23 Gagarina Ave., 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
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15
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Dorrigiv D, Simeone K, Communal L, Kendall-Dupont J, St-Georges-Robillard A, Péant B, Carmona E, Mes-Masson AM, Gervais T. Microdissected Tissue vs Tissue Slices-A Comparative Study of Tumor Explant Models Cultured On-Chip and Off-Chip. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4208. [PMID: 34439362 PMCID: PMC8394960 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13164208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Predicting patient responses to anticancer drugs is a major challenge both at the drug development stage and during cancer treatment. Tumor explant culture platforms (TECPs) preserve the native tissue architecture and are well-suited for drug response assays. However, tissue longevity in these models is relatively low. Several methodologies have been developed to address this issue, although no study has compared their efficacy in a controlled fashion. We investigated the effect of two variables in TECPs, specifically, the tissue size and culture vessel on tissue survival using micro-dissected tumor tissue (MDT) and tissue slices which were cultured in microfluidic chips and plastic well plates. Tumor models were produced from ovarian and prostate cancer cell line xenografts and were matched in terms of the specimen, total volume of tissue, and respective volume of medium in each culture system. We examined morphology, viability, and hypoxia in the various tumor models. Our observations suggest that the viability and proliferative capacity of MDTs were not affected during the time course of the experiments. In contrast, tissue slices had reduced proliferation and showed increased cell death and hypoxia under both culture conditions. Tissue slices cultured in microfluidic devices had a lower degree of hypoxia compared to those in 96-well plates. Globally, our results show that tissue slices have lower survival rates compared to MDTs due to inherent diffusion limitations, and that microfluidic devices may decrease hypoxia in tumor models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Dorrigiv
- Centre de Recherche du Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, (CRCHUM) and Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; (D.D.); (K.S.); (L.C.); (J.K.-D.); (A.S.-G.-R.); (B.P.); (E.C.)
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering Polytechnique Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Kayla Simeone
- Centre de Recherche du Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, (CRCHUM) and Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; (D.D.); (K.S.); (L.C.); (J.K.-D.); (A.S.-G.-R.); (B.P.); (E.C.)
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Laudine Communal
- Centre de Recherche du Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, (CRCHUM) and Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; (D.D.); (K.S.); (L.C.); (J.K.-D.); (A.S.-G.-R.); (B.P.); (E.C.)
| | - Jennifer Kendall-Dupont
- Centre de Recherche du Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, (CRCHUM) and Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; (D.D.); (K.S.); (L.C.); (J.K.-D.); (A.S.-G.-R.); (B.P.); (E.C.)
| | - Amélie St-Georges-Robillard
- Centre de Recherche du Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, (CRCHUM) and Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; (D.D.); (K.S.); (L.C.); (J.K.-D.); (A.S.-G.-R.); (B.P.); (E.C.)
- Department of Engineering Physics, Polytechnique Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Benjamin Péant
- Centre de Recherche du Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, (CRCHUM) and Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; (D.D.); (K.S.); (L.C.); (J.K.-D.); (A.S.-G.-R.); (B.P.); (E.C.)
| | - Euridice Carmona
- Centre de Recherche du Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, (CRCHUM) and Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; (D.D.); (K.S.); (L.C.); (J.K.-D.); (A.S.-G.-R.); (B.P.); (E.C.)
| | - Anne-Marie Mes-Masson
- Centre de Recherche du Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, (CRCHUM) and Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; (D.D.); (K.S.); (L.C.); (J.K.-D.); (A.S.-G.-R.); (B.P.); (E.C.)
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Thomas Gervais
- Centre de Recherche du Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, (CRCHUM) and Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; (D.D.); (K.S.); (L.C.); (J.K.-D.); (A.S.-G.-R.); (B.P.); (E.C.)
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering Polytechnique Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
- Department of Engineering Physics, Polytechnique Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
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16
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Kukla DA, Khetani SR. Bioengineered Liver Models for Investigating Disease Pathogenesis and Regenerative Medicine. Semin Liver Dis 2021; 41:368-392. [PMID: 34139785 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1731016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Owing to species-specific differences in liver pathways, in vitro human liver models are utilized for elucidating mechanisms underlying disease pathogenesis, drug development, and regenerative medicine. To mitigate limitations with de-differentiated cultures, bioengineers have developed advanced techniques/platforms, including micropatterned cocultures, spheroids/organoids, bioprinting, and microfluidic devices, for perfusing cell cultures and liver slices. Such techniques improve mature functions and culture lifetime of primary and stem-cell human liver cells. Furthermore, bioengineered liver models display several features of liver diseases including infections with pathogens (e.g., malaria, hepatitis C/B viruses, Zika, dengue, yellow fever), alcoholic/nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and cancer. Here, we discuss features of bioengineered human liver models, their uses for modeling aforementioned diseases, and how such models are being augmented/adapted for fabricating implantable human liver tissues for clinical therapy. Ultimately, continued advances in bioengineered human liver models have the potential to aid the development of novel, safe, and efficacious therapies for liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Kukla
- Deparment of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Salman R Khetani
- Deparment of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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17
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Best Practices and Progress in Precision-Cut Liver Slice Cultures. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22137137. [PMID: 34281187 PMCID: PMC8267882 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Thirty-five years ago, precision-cut liver slices (PCLS) were described as a promising tool and were expected to become the standard in vitro model to study liver disease as they tick off all characteristics of a good in vitro model. In contrast to most in vitro models, PCLS retain the complex 3D liver structures found in vivo, including cell–cell and cell–matrix interactions, and therefore should constitute the most reliable tool to model and to investigate pathways underlying chronic liver disease in vitro. Nevertheless, the biggest disadvantage of the model is the initiation of a procedure-induced fibrotic response. In this review, we describe the parameters and potential of PCLS cultures and discuss whether the initially described limitations and pitfalls have been overcome. We summarize the latest advances in PCLS research and critically evaluate PCLS use and progress since its invention in 1985.
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18
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Belanger M, Ball AG, Catterton MA, Kinman AW, Anbaei P, Groff BD, Melchor SJ, Lukens JR, Ross AE, Pompano RR. Acute Lymph Node Slices Are a Functional Model System to Study Immunity Ex Vivo. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2021; 4:128-142. [PMID: 33615167 PMCID: PMC7887751 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.0c00143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The lymph node is a highly organized and dynamic structure that is critical for facilitating the intercellular interactions that constitute adaptive immunity. Most ex vivo studies of the lymph node begin by reducing it to a cell suspension, thus losing the spatial organization, or fixing it, thus losing the ability to make repeated measurements. Live murine lymph node tissue slices offer the potential to retain spatial complexity and dynamic accessibility, but their viability, level of immune activation, and retention of antigen-specific functions have not been validated. Here we systematically characterized live murine lymph node slices as a platform to study immunity. Live lymph node slices maintained the expected spatial organization and cell populations while reflecting the 3D spatial complexity of the organ. Slices collected under optimized conditions were comparable to cell suspensions in terms of both 24-h viability and inflammation. Slices responded to T cell receptor cross-linking with increased surface marker expression and cytokine secretion, in some cases more strongly than matched lymphocyte cultures. Furthermore, slices processed protein antigens, and slices from vaccinated animals responded to ex vivo challenge with antigen-specific cytokine secretion. In summary, lymph node slices provide a versatile platform to investigate immune functions in spatially organized tissue, enabling well-defined stimulation, time-course analysis, and parallel read-outs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maura
C. Belanger
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Virginia College
of Arts and Sciences, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
- Carter
Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Alexander G. Ball
- Carter
Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
- Department
of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Megan A. Catterton
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Virginia College
of Arts and Sciences, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Andrew W.L. Kinman
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Virginia College
of Arts and Sciences, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Parastoo Anbaei
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Virginia College
of Arts and Sciences, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Benjamin D. Groff
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Virginia College
of Arts and Sciences, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Stephanie J. Melchor
- Carter
Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
- Department
of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - John R. Lukens
- Carter
Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
- Department
of Neuroscience and Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Ashley E. Ross
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45220, United States
| | - Rebecca R. Pompano
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Virginia College
of Arts and Sciences, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
- Carter
Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of
Virginia School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
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19
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Sharma S, Venzac B, Burgers T, Le Gac S, Schlatt S. Microfluidics in male reproduction: is ex vivo culture of primate testis tissue a future strategy for ART or toxicology research? Mol Hum Reprod 2021; 26:179-192. [PMID: 31977028 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaaa006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The significant rise in male infertility disorders over the years has led to extensive research efforts to recapitulate the process of male gametogenesis in vitro and to identify essential mechanisms involved in spermatogenesis, notably for clinical applications. A promising technology to bridge this research gap is organ-on-chip (OoC) technology, which has gradually transformed the research landscape in ART and offers new opportunities to develop advanced in vitro culture systems. With exquisite control on a cell or tissue microenvironment, customized organ-specific structures can be fabricated in in vitro OoC platforms, which can also simulate the effect of in vivo vascularization. Dynamic cultures using microfluidic devices enable us to create stimulatory effect and non-stimulatory culture conditions. Noteworthy is that recent studies demonstrated the potential of continuous perfusion in OoC systems using ex vivo mouse testis tissues. Here we review the existing literature and potential applications of such OoC systems for male reproduction in combination with novel bio-engineering and analytical tools. We first introduce OoC technology and highlight the opportunities offered in reproductive biology in general. In the subsequent section, we discuss the complex structural and functional organization of the testis and the role of the vasculature-associated testicular niche and fluid dynamics in modulating testis function. Next, we review significant technological breakthroughs in achieving in vitro spermatogenesis in various species and discuss the evidence from microfluidics-based testes culture studies in mouse. Lastly, we discuss a roadmap for the potential applications of the proposed testis-on-chip culture system in the field of primate male infertility, ART and reproductive toxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Sharma
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Bastien Venzac
- Applied Microfluidics for BioEngineering Research, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology and TechMed Centre, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Burgers
- Applied Microfluidics for BioEngineering Research, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology and TechMed Centre, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Séverine Le Gac
- Applied Microfluidics for BioEngineering Research, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology and TechMed Centre, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Schlatt
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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20
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Advanced 3D Cell Culture Techniques in Micro-Bioreactors, Part II: Systems and Applications. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this second part of our systematic review on the research area of 3D cell culture in micro-bioreactors we give a detailed description of the published work with regard to the existing micro-bioreactor types and their applications, and highlight important results gathered with the respective systems. As an interesting detail, we found that micro-bioreactors have already been used in SARS-CoV research prior to the SARS-CoV2 pandemic. As our literature research revealed a variety of 3D cell culture configurations in the examined bioreactor systems, we defined in review part one “complexity levels” by means of the corresponding 3D cell culture techniques applied in the systems. The definition of the complexity is thereby based on the knowledge that the spatial distribution of cell-extracellular matrix interactions and the spatial distribution of homologous and heterologous cell–cell contacts play an important role in modulating cell functions. Because at least one of these parameters can be assigned to the 3D cell culture techniques discussed in the present review, we structured the studies according to the complexity levels applied in the MBR systems.
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21
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Advanced 3D Cell Culture Techniques in Micro-Bioreactors, Part I: A Systematic Analysis of the Literature Published between 2000 and 2020. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8121656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioreactors have proven useful for a vast amount of applications. Besides classical large-scale bioreactors and fermenters for prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms, micro-bioreactors, as specialized bioreactor systems, have become an invaluable tool for mammalian 3D cell cultures. In this systematic review we analyze the literature in the field of eukaryotic 3D cell culture in micro-bioreactors within the last 20 years. For this, we define complexity levels with regard to the cellular 3D microenvironment concerning cell–matrix-contact, cell–cell-contact and the number of different cell types present at the same time. Moreover, we examine the data with regard to the micro-bioreactor design including mode of cell stimulation/nutrient supply and materials used for the micro-bioreactors, the corresponding 3D cell culture techniques and the related cellular microenvironment, the cell types and in vitro models used. As a data source we used the National Library of Medicine and analyzed the studies published from 2000 to 2020.
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22
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de Hoyos-Vega JM, Gonzalez-Suarez AM, Garcia-Cordero JL. A versatile microfluidic device for multiple ex vivo/in vitro tissue assays unrestrained from tissue topography. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2020; 6:40. [PMID: 34567653 PMCID: PMC8433291 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-020-0156-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Precision-cut tissue slices are an important in vitro system to study organ function because they preserve most of the native cellular microenvironments of organs, including complex intercellular connections. However, during sample manipulation or slicing, some of the natural surface topology and structure of these tissues is lost or damaged. Here, we introduce a microfluidic platform to perform multiple assays on the surface of a tissue section, unhindered by surface topography. The device consists of a valve on one side and eight open microchannels located on the opposite side, with the tissue section sandwiched between these two structures. When the valve is actuated, eight independent microfluidic channels are formed over a tissue section. This strategy prevents cross-contamination when performing assays and enables parallelization. Using irregular tissues such as an aorta, we conducted multiple in vitro and ex vivo assays on tissue sections, including short-term culturing, a drug toxicity assay, a fluorescence immunohistochemistry staining assay, and an immune cell assay, in which we observed the interaction of neutrophils with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated endothelium. Our microfluidic platform can be employed in other disciplines, such as tissue physiology and pathophysiology, morphogenesis, drug toxicity and efficiency, metabolism studies, and diagnostics, enabling the conduction of several assays with a single biopsy sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose M. de Hoyos-Vega
- Unidad Monterrey, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Via del conocimiento 201, Parque PIIT, Apodaca, NL 66628 Mexico
| | - Alan M. Gonzalez-Suarez
- Unidad Monterrey, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Via del conocimiento 201, Parque PIIT, Apodaca, NL 66628 Mexico
| | - Jose L. Garcia-Cordero
- Unidad Monterrey, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Via del conocimiento 201, Parque PIIT, Apodaca, NL 66628 Mexico
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23
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Horowitz LF, Rodriguez AD, Dereli-Korkut Z, Lin R, Castro K, Mikheev AM, Monnat RJ, Folch A, Rostomily RC. Multiplexed drug testing of tumor slices using a microfluidic platform. NPJ Precis Oncol 2020; 4:12. [PMID: 32435696 PMCID: PMC7237421 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-020-0117-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Current methods to assess the drug response of individual human cancers are often inaccurate, costly, or slow. Functional approaches that rapidly and directly assess the response of patient cancer tissue to drugs or small molecules offer a promising way to improve drug testing, and have the potential to identify the best therapy for individual patients. We developed a digitally manufactured microfluidic platform for multiplexed drug testing of intact cancer slice cultures, and demonstrate the use of this platform to evaluate drug responses in slice cultures from human glioma xenografts and patient tumor biopsies. This approach retains much of the tissue microenvironment and can provide results rapidly enough, within days of surgery, to guide the choice of effective initial therapies. Our results establish a useful preclinical platform for cancer drug testing and development with the potential to improve cancer personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. F. Horowitz
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
| | - A. D. Rodriguez
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
| | - Z. Dereli-Korkut
- Department of Neurosurgery, Houston Methodist Hospital and Research Institute, Houston, TX USA
| | - R. Lin
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
| | - K. Castro
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
| | - A. M. Mikheev
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Houston Methodist Hospital and Research Institute, Houston, TX USA
| | - R. J. Monnat
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
| | - A. Folch
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
| | - R. C. Rostomily
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Houston Methodist Hospital and Research Institute, Houston, TX USA
- Weill Cornell School of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, New York, NY USA
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24
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Baydoun M, Treizeibré A, Follet J, Benamrouz Vanneste S, Creusy C, Dercourt L, Delaire B, Mouray A, Viscogliosi E, Certad G, Senez V. An Interphase Microfluidic Culture System for the Study of Ex Vivo Intestinal Tissue. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:E150. [PMID: 32019215 PMCID: PMC7074597 DOI: 10.3390/mi11020150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Ex vivo explant culture models offer unique properties to study complex mechanisms underlying tissue growth, renewal, and disease. A major weakness is the short viability depending on the biopsy origin and preparation protocol. We describe an interphase microfluidic culture system to cultivate full thickness murine colon explants which keeps morphological structures of the tissue up to 192 h. The system was composed of a central well on top of a porous membrane supported by a microchannel structure. The microfluidic perfusion allowed bathing the serosal side while preventing immersion of the villi. After eight days, up to 33% of the samples displayed no histological abnormalities. Numerical simulation of the transport of oxygen and glucose provided technical solutions to improve the functionality of the microdevice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Baydoun
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, ISEN-YNCREA, UMR 8520-IEMN, F-59000 Lille, France
- ISA-YNCREA Hauts de France, F-59000 Lille, France
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR 9107-CIIL-Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille, F-59019 Lille, France
| | | | - Jérôme Follet
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, ISEN-YNCREA, UMR 8520-IEMN, F-59000 Lille, France
- ISA-YNCREA Hauts de France, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Sadia Benamrouz Vanneste
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR 9107-CIIL-Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille, F-59019 Lille, France
- Laboratoire Ecologie et Biodiversité, Unité de Recherche Smart and Sustainable Cities, Faculté de Gestion Economie et Sciences, Institut Catholique de Lille, F-59800 Lille, France
| | - Colette Creusy
- Service d’Anatomie et de Cytologie Pathologiques, Groupement des Hôpitaux de l’Université Catholique de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Lucie Dercourt
- CNRS, Univ. Tokyo, UMI 2820 — LIMMS, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Baptiste Delaire
- Service d’Anatomie et de Cytologie Pathologiques, Groupement des Hôpitaux de l’Université Catholique de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Anthony Mouray
- Plateforme d’Expérimentations et de Hautes Technologies Animales, Institut Pasteur de Lille Lille, 59019 Lille, France
| | - Eric Viscogliosi
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR 9107-CIIL-Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille, F-59019 Lille, France
| | - Gabriela Certad
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR 9107-CIIL-Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille, F-59019 Lille, France
- Délégation à la Recherche Clinique et à l’Innovation, Groupement des Hôpitaux de l’Institut Catholique de Lille (GHICL), Faculté de Médecine et Maïeutique, Université Catholique de Lille, 59800 Lille, France
| | - Vincent Senez
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, ISEN-YNCREA, UMR 8520-IEMN, F-59000 Lille, France
- CNRS, Univ. Tokyo, UMI 2820 — LIMMS, F-59000 Lille, France
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Horowitz LF, Rodriguez AD, Ray T, Folch A. Microfluidics for interrogating live intact tissues. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2020; 6:69. [PMID: 32879734 PMCID: PMC7443437 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-020-0164-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The intricate microarchitecture of tissues - the "tissue microenvironment" - is a strong determinant of tissue function. Microfluidics offers an invaluable tool to precisely stimulate, manipulate, and analyze the tissue microenvironment in live tissues and engineer mass transport around and into small tissue volumes. Such control is critical in clinical studies, especially where tissue samples are scarce, in analytical sensors, where testing smaller amounts of analytes results in faster, more portable sensors, and in biological experiments, where accurate control of the cellular microenvironment is needed. Microfluidics also provides inexpensive multiplexing strategies to address the pressing need to test large quantities of drugs and reagents on a single biopsy specimen, increasing testing accuracy, relevance, and speed while reducing overall diagnostic cost. Here, we review the use of microfluidics to study the physiology and pathophysiology of intact live tissues at sub-millimeter scales. We categorize uses as either in vitro studies - where a piece of an organism must be excised and introduced into the microfluidic device - or in vivo studies - where whole organisms are small enough to be introduced into microchannels or where a microfluidic device is interfaced with a live tissue surface (e.g. the skin or inside an internal organ or tumor) that forms part of an animal larger than the device. These microfluidic systems promise to deliver functional measurements obtained directly on intact tissue - such as the response of tissue to drugs or the analysis of tissue secretions - that cannot be obtained otherwise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa F. Horowitz
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
| | - Adán D. Rodriguez
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
| | - Tyler Ray
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA
| | - Albert Folch
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
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Ni BS, Tzao C, Huang JH. Plug-and-Play In Vitro Metastasis System toward Recapitulating the Metastatic Cascade. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18110. [PMID: 31792319 PMCID: PMC6889311 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54711-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Microfluidic-based tumor models that mimic tumor culture environment have been developed to understand the cancer metastasis mechanism and discover effective antimetastatic drugs. These models successfully recapitulated key steps of metastatic cascades, yet still limited to few metastatic steps, operation difficulty, and small molecule absorption. In this study, we developed a metastasis system made of biocompatible and drug resistance plastics to recapitulate each metastasis stage in three-dimensional (3D) mono- and co-cultures formats, enabling the investigation of the metastatic responses of cancer cells (A549-GFP). The plug-and-play feature enhances the efficiency of the experimental setup and avoids initial culture failures. The results demonstrate that cancer cells tended to proliferate and migrate with circulating flow and intravasated across the porous membrane after a period of 3 d when they were treated with transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) or co-cultured with human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMECs). The cells were also observed to detach and migrate into the circulating flow after a period of 20 d, indicating that they transformed into circulating tumor cells for the next metastasis stage. We envision this metastasis system can provide novel insights that would aid in fully understanding the entire mechanism of tumor invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Syuan Ni
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Ching Tzao
- Kuang Tien General Hospital, Taichung, 43303, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Huang Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan.
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27
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Paish HL, Reed LH, Brown H, Bryan MC, Govaere O, Leslie J, Barksby BS, Garcia Macia M, Watson A, Xu X, Zaki MY, Greaves L, Whitehall J, French J, White SA, Manas DM, Robinson SM, Spoletini G, Griffiths C, Mann DA, Borthwick LA, Drinnan MJ, Mann J, Oakley F. A Bioreactor Technology for Modeling Fibrosis in Human and Rodent Precision-Cut Liver Slices. Hepatology 2019; 70:1377-1391. [PMID: 30963615 PMCID: PMC6852483 DOI: 10.1002/hep.30651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Precision cut liver slices (PCLSs) retain the structure and cellular composition of the native liver and represent an improved system to study liver fibrosis compared to two-dimensional mono- or co-cultures. The aim of this study was to develop a bioreactor system to increase the healthy life span of PCLSs and model fibrogenesis. PCLSs were generated from normal rat or human liver, or fibrotic rat liver, and cultured in our bioreactor. PCLS function was quantified by albumin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Fibrosis was induced in PCLSs by transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGFββ) stimulation ± therapy. Fibrosis was assessed by gene expression, picrosirius red, and α-smooth muscle actin staining, hydroxyproline assay, and soluble ELISAs. Bioreactor-cultured PCLSs are viable, maintaining tissue structure, metabolic activity, and stable albumin secretion for up to 6 days under normoxic culture conditions. Conversely, standard static transwell-cultured PCLSs rapidly deteriorate, and albumin secretion is significantly impaired by 48 hours. TGFβ1/PDGFββ stimulation of rat or human PCLSs induced fibrogenic gene expression, release of extracellular matrix proteins, activation of hepatic myofibroblasts, and histological fibrosis. Fibrogenesis slowly progresses over 6 days in cultured fibrotic rat PCLSs without exogenous challenge. Activin receptor-like kinase 5 (Alk5) inhibitor (Alk5i), nintedanib, and obeticholic acid therapy limited fibrogenesis in TGFβ1/PDGFββ-stimulated PCLSs, and Alk5i blunted progression of fibrosis in fibrotic PCLS. Conclusion: We describe a bioreactor technology that maintains functional PCLS cultures for 6 days. Bioreactor-cultured PCLSs can be successfully used to model fibrogenesis and demonstrate efficacy of antifibrotic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah L. Paish
- Newcastle Fibrosis Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Faculty of Medical SciencesNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUnited Kingdom
| | - Lee H. Reed
- Newcastle Fibrosis Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Faculty of Medical SciencesNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUnited Kingdom
| | - Helen Brown
- Newcastle Fibrosis Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Faculty of Medical SciencesNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUnited Kingdom
| | - Mark C. Bryan
- Newcastle Fibrosis Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Faculty of Medical SciencesNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUnited Kingdom
| | - Olivier Govaere
- Liver Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Faculty of Medical SciencesNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUnited Kingdom
| | - Jack Leslie
- Newcastle Fibrosis Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Faculty of Medical SciencesNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUnited Kingdom
| | - Ben S. Barksby
- Newcastle Fibrosis Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Faculty of Medical SciencesNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUnited Kingdom
| | - Marina Garcia Macia
- Newcastle Fibrosis Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Faculty of Medical SciencesNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUnited Kingdom
| | - Abigail Watson
- Newcastle Fibrosis Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Faculty of Medical SciencesNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUnited Kingdom
| | - Xin Xu
- Newcastle Fibrosis Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Faculty of Medical SciencesNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUnited Kingdom
| | - Marco Y.W. Zaki
- Newcastle Fibrosis Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Faculty of Medical SciencesNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUnited Kingdom
| | - Laura Greaves
- Newcastle University LLHW Centre for Ageing and VitalityNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUnited Kingdom
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of NeuroscienceNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUnited Kingdom
| | - Julia Whitehall
- Newcastle University LLHW Centre for Ageing and VitalityNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUnited Kingdom
| | - Jeremy French
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryNewcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustNewcastle upon TyneUnited Kingdom
| | - Steven A. White
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryNewcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustNewcastle upon TyneUnited Kingdom
| | - Derek M. Manas
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryNewcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustNewcastle upon TyneUnited Kingdom
| | - Stuart M. Robinson
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryNewcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustNewcastle upon TyneUnited Kingdom
| | - Gabriele Spoletini
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryNewcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustNewcastle upon TyneUnited Kingdom
| | - Clive Griffiths
- Newcastle Fibrosis Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Faculty of Medical SciencesNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUnited Kingdom
| | - Derek A. Mann
- Newcastle Fibrosis Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Faculty of Medical SciencesNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUnited Kingdom
| | - Lee A. Borthwick
- Newcastle Fibrosis Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Faculty of Medical SciencesNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUnited Kingdom
| | - Michael J. Drinnan
- Newcastle Fibrosis Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Faculty of Medical SciencesNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUnited Kingdom
| | - Jelena Mann
- Newcastle Fibrosis Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Faculty of Medical SciencesNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUnited Kingdom
| | - Fiona Oakley
- Newcastle Fibrosis Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Faculty of Medical SciencesNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUnited Kingdom
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Tian H, Pang J, Qin K, Yuan W, Kong J, Ma H, He J, Yang X, Luo Y, Lu Y, Lin B, Liu T. A Novel Tissue-Based Liver-Kidney-on-a-Chip Can Mimic Liver Tropism of Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Breast Cancer Cells. Biotechnol J 2019; 15:e1900107. [PMID: 31473998 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201900107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) from cancer cells remodel distant organs to promote metastasis in vivo. A biomimetic microsystem may compensate costly and time-consuming animal models to accelerate the study of EV organotropism. A tissue-based liver-kidney-on-a-chip is developed with precision-cut tissue slices (PTSs) cultured to represent individual organs. The organotropism of breast cancer EVs is modeled using the biomimetic microsystem. A traditional animal model of EV organotropism is used to investigate the physiological similarity of the microfluidic model to animal models. It is demonstrated that breast cancer EVs show strong liver tropism rather than kidney tropism on both the microfluidic and animal models. It is found that the metastatic inhibitor AMD3100 inhibits liver tropism effectively in both the microfluidic and animal models. Overall, the tropism of EVs to different organs is reconstituted on the microfluidic model. The liver-kidney-on-a-chip may expand the capabilities of traditional cell culture models and provide a faster alternative to animal models for EV studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhu Tian
- College of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Jiushen Pang
- College of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Kairong Qin
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering and Instrumentation Science, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Weimo Yuan
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Jing Kong
- College of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Hongjuan Ma
- College of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Junzhou He
- College of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Xuesong Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Liaoning Provincial Core Lab of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Yong Luo
- Faculty of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Science and Technology, Dalian Technology University, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Yao Lu
- Department of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Bingcheng Lin
- Department of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Tingjiao Liu
- College of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
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Riley A, Green V, Cheah R, McKenzie G, Karsai L, England J, Greenman J. A novel microfluidic device capable of maintaining functional thyroid carcinoma specimens ex vivo provides a new drug screening platform. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:259. [PMID: 30902086 PMCID: PMC6429713 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5465-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Though the management of malignancies has improved vastly in recent years, many treatment options lack the desired efficacy and fail to adequately augment patient morbidity and mortality. It is increasingly clear that patient response to therapy is unique to each individual, necessitating personalised, or 'precision' medical care. This demand extends to thyroid cancer; ~ 10% patients fail to respond to radioiodine treatment due to loss of phenotypic differentiation, exposing the patient to unnecessary ionising radiation, as well as delaying treatment with alternative therapies. METHODS Human thyroid tissue (n = 23, malignant and benign) was live-sliced (5 mm diameter × 350-500 μm thickness) then analysed or incorporated into a microfluidic culture device for 96 h (37 °C). Successful maintenance of tissue was verified by histological (H&E), flow cytometric propidium iodide or trypan blue uptake, immunohistochemical (Ki67 detection/ BrdU incorporation) and functional analysis (thyroxine [T4] output) in addition to analysis of culture effluent for the cell death markers lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and dead-cell protease (DCP). Apoptosis was investigated by Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL). Differentiation was assessed by evaluation of thyroid transcription factor (TTF1) and sodium iodide symporter (NIS) expression (western blotting). RESULTS Maintenance of gross tissue architecture was observed. Analysis of dissociated primary thyroid cells using flow cytometry both prior to and post culture demonstrated no significant change in the proportion of viable cells. LDH and DCP release from on-chip thyroid tissue indicated that after an initial raised level of release, signifying cellular damage, detectable levels dropped markedly. A significant increase in apoptosis (p < 0.01) was observed after tissue was perfused with etoposide and JNK inhibitor, but not in control tissue incubated for the same time period. No significant difference in Ki-67 positivity or TTF1/NIS expression was detected between fresh and post-culture thyroid tissue samples, moreover BrdU positive nuclei indicated on-chip cellular proliferation. Cultured thyroid explants were functionally viable as determined by production of T4 throughout the culture period. CONCLUSIONS The described microfluidic platform can maintain the viability of thyroid tissue slices ex vivo for a minimum of four days, providing a platform for the assessment of thyroid tissue radioiodine sensitivity/adjuvant therapies in real time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Riley
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Hull, Kingston upon Hull, HU6 7RX UK
| | - Victoria Green
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Hull, Kingston upon Hull, HU6 7RX UK
| | - Ramsah Cheah
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Hull, Kingston upon Hull, HU6 7RX UK
| | - Gordon McKenzie
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Hull, Kingston upon Hull, HU6 7RX UK
- Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Kingston upon Hull, HU6 7RX UK
| | - Laszlo Karsai
- Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Kingston upon Hull, HU16 5JQ UK
| | - James England
- Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Kingston upon Hull, HU16 5JQ UK
| | - John Greenman
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Hull, Kingston upon Hull, HU6 7RX UK
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30
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Shim S, Belanger MC, Harris AR, Munson JM, Pompano RR. Two-way communication between ex vivo tissues on a microfluidic chip: application to tumor-lymph node interaction. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:1013-1026. [PMID: 30742147 PMCID: PMC6416076 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc00957k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Experimentally accessible tools to replicate the complex biological events of in vivo organs offer the potential to reveal mechanisms of disease and potential routes to therapy. In particular, models of inter-organ communication are emerging as the next essential step towards creating a body-on-a-chip, and may be particularly useful for poorly understood processes such as tumor immunity. In this paper, we report the first multi-compartment microfluidic chip that continuously recirculates a small volume of media through two ex vivo tissue samples to support inter-organ cross-talk via secreted factors. To test on-chip communication, protein release and capture were quantified using well-defined artificial tissue samples and model proteins. Proteins released by one sample were transferred to the downstream reservoir and detectable in the downstream sample. Next, the chip was applied to model the communication between a tumor and a lymph node, to test whether on-chip dual-organ culture could recreate key features of tumor-induced immune suppression. Slices of murine lymph node were co-cultured with tumor or healthy tissue on-chip with recirculating media, then tested for their ability to respond to T cell stimulation. Interestingly, lymph node slices co-cultured with tumor slices appeared more immunosuppressed than those co-cultured with healthy tissue, suggesting that the chip may successfully model some features of tumor-immune interaction. In conclusion, this new microfluidic system provides on-chip co-culture of pairs of tissue slices under continuous recirculating flow, and has the potential to model complex inter-organ communication ex vivo with full experimental accessibility of the tissues and their media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangjo Shim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
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31
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A three‐dimensional microfluidized liver system to assess hepatic drug metabolism and hepatotoxicity. Biotechnol Bioeng 2019; 116:1152-1163. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.26902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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32
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Sung JH, Wang YI, Kim JH, Lee JM, Shuler ML. Application of chemical reaction engineering principles to 'body-on-a-chip' systems. AIChE J 2018; 64:4351-4360. [PMID: 31402795 DOI: 10.1002/aic.16448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The combination of cell culture models with microscale technology has fostered emergence of in vitro cell-based microphysiological models, also known as organ-on-a-chip systems. Body-on-a-chip systems, which are multi-organ systems on a chip to mimic physiological relations, enable recapitulation of organ-organ interactions and potentially whole-body response to drugs, as well as serve as models of diseases. Chemical reaction engineering principles can be applied to understanding complex reactions inside the cell or human body, which can be treated as a multi-reactor system. These systems use physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models to guide the development of microscale systems of the body where organs or tissues are represented by living cells or tissues, and integrated into body-on-a-chip systems. Here, we provide a brief overview on the concept of chemical reaction engineering and how its principles can be applied to understanding and predicting the behavior of body-on-a-chip systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Hwan Sung
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering; Hongik University; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Ying I. Wang
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University; Ithaca NY 14853
| | - Jung Hun Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Min Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Michael L. Shuler
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University; Ithaca NY 14853
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University; Ithaca NY 14853
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Varma S, Voldman J. Caring for cells in microsystems: principles and practices of cell-safe device design and operation. LAB ON A CHIP 2018; 18:3333-3352. [PMID: 30324208 PMCID: PMC6254237 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc00746b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic device designers and users continually question whether cells are 'happy' in a given microsystem or whether they are perturbed by micro-scale technologies. This issue is normally brought up by engineers building platforms, or by external reviewers (academic or commercial) comparing multiple technological approaches to a problem. Microsystems can apply combinations of biophysical and biochemical stimuli that, although essential to device operation, may damage cells in complex ways. However, assays to assess the impact of microsystems upon cells have been challenging to conduct and have led to subjective interpretation and evaluation of cell stressors, hampering development and adoption of microsystems. To this end, we introduce a framework that defines cell health, describes how device stimuli may stress cells, and contrasts approaches to measure cell stress. Importantly, we provide practical guidelines regarding device design and operation to minimize cell stress, and recommend a minimal set of quantitative assays that will enable standardization in the assessment of cell health in diverse devices. We anticipate that as microsystem designers, reviewers, and end-users enforce such guidelines, we as a community can create a set of essential principles that will further the adoption of such technologies in clinical, translational and commercial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarvesh Varma
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
,
77 Massachusetts Avenue, Room 36-824
, Cambridge
, USA
.
; Fax: +617 258 5846
; Tel: +617 253 1583
| | - Joel Voldman
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
,
77 Massachusetts Avenue, Room 36-824
, Cambridge
, USA
.
; Fax: +617 258 5846
; Tel: +617 253 1583
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34
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Piemonte V, Cerbelli S, Capocelli M, Di Paola L, Prisciandaro M, Basile A. Design of microfluidic bioreactors: Transport regimes. ASIA-PAC J CHEM ENG 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/apj.2238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Piemonte
- Faculty of Engineering; University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome; Rome Italy
| | - Stefano Cerbelli
- Department of Chemical Engineering; University of Rome “La Sapienza”; Rome Italy
| | - Mauro Capocelli
- Faculty of Engineering; University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome; Rome Italy
| | - Luisa Di Paola
- Faculty of Engineering; University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome; Rome Italy
| | - Marina Prisciandaro
- Department of Industrial and Information Engineering and of Economics; University of L'Aquila; L'Aquila Italy
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35
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Castro D, Conchouso D, Kodzius R, Arevalo A, Foulds IG. High-Throughput Incubation and Quantification of Agglutination Assays in a Microfluidic System. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:E281. [PMID: 29867050 PMCID: PMC6027479 DOI: 10.3390/genes9060281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we present a two-phase microfluidic system capable of incubating and quantifying microbead-based agglutination assays. The microfluidic system is based on a simple fabrication solution, which requires only laboratory tubing filled with carrier oil, driven by negative pressure using a syringe pump. We provide a user-friendly interface, in which a pipette is used to insert single droplets of a 1.25-µL volume into a system that is continuously running and therefore works entirely on demand without the need for stopping, resetting or washing the system. These assays are incubated by highly efficient passive mixing with a sample-to-answer time of 2.5 min, a 5⁻10-fold improvement over traditional agglutination assays. We study system parameters such as channel length, incubation time and flow speed to select optimal assay conditions, using the streptavidin-biotin interaction as a model analyte quantified using optical image processing. We then investigate the effect of changing the concentration of both analyte and microbead concentrations, with a minimum detection limit of 100 ng/mL. The system can be both low- and high-throughput, depending on the rate at which assays are inserted. In our experiments, we were able to easily produce throughputs of 360 assays per hour by simple manual pipetting, which could be increased even further by automation and parallelization. Agglutination assays are a versatile tool, capable of detecting an ever-growing catalog of infectious diseases, proteins and metabolites. A system such as this one is a step towards being able to produce high-throughput microfluidic diagnostic solutions with widespread adoption. The development of analytical techniques in the microfluidic format, such as the one presented in this work, is an important step in being able to continuously monitor the performance and microfluidic outputs of organ-on-chip devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Castro
- Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences & Engineering Division (CEMSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), 4700 KAUST, Thuwal, Jeddah 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
| | - David Conchouso
- Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences & Engineering Division (CEMSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), 4700 KAUST, Thuwal, Jeddah 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Rimantas Kodzius
- Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences & Engineering Division (CEMSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), 4700 KAUST, Thuwal, Jeddah 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
- Mathematics and Natural Sciences Department, The American University of Iraq, Sulaimani, Sulaymaniyah 46001, Iraq.
- Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich (LMU), 80539 Munich, Germany.
| | - Arpys Arevalo
- Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences & Engineering Division (CEMSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), 4700 KAUST, Thuwal, Jeddah 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ian G Foulds
- Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences & Engineering Division (CEMSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), 4700 KAUST, Thuwal, Jeddah 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
- Okanagan Campus, School of Engineering, Faculty of Applied Science, University of British Columbia, 3333 University Way, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada.
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McLean IC, Schwerdtfeger LA, Tobet SA, Henry CS. Powering ex vivo tissue models in microfluidic systems. LAB ON A CHIP 2018; 18:1399-1410. [PMID: 29697131 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc00241j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
This Frontiers review analyzes the rapidly growing microfluidic strategies that have been employed in attempts to create physio relevant 'organ-on-chip' models using primary tissue removed from a body (human or animal). Tissue harvested immediately from an organism, and cultured under artificial conditions is referred to as ex vivo tissue. The use of primary (organotypic) tissue offers unique benefits over traditional cell culture experiments, and microfluidic technology can be used to further exploit these advantages. Defining the utility of particular models, determining necessary constituents for acceptable modeling of in vivo physiology, and describing the role of microfluidic systems in tissue modeling processes is paramount to the future of organotypic models ex vivo. Virtually all tissues within the body are characterized by a large diversity of cellular composition, morphology, and blood supply (e.g., nutrient needs including oxygen). Microfluidic technology can provide a means to help maintain tissue in more physiologically relevant environments, for tissue relevant time-frames (e.g., matching the natural rates of cell turnover), and at in vivo oxygen tensions that can be controlled within modern microfluidic culture systems. Models for ex vivo tissues continue to emerge and grow in efficacy as mimics of in vivo physiology. This review addresses developments in microfluidic devices for the study of tissues ex vivo that can serve as an important bridge to translational value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian C McLean
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA.
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Starokozhko V, Hemmingsen M, Larsen L, Mohanty S, Merema M, Pimentel RC, Wolff A, Emnéus J, Aspegren A, Groothuis G, Dufva M. Differentiation of human-induced pluripotent stem cell under flow conditions to mature hepatocytes for liver tissue engineering. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2018; 12:1273-1284. [PMID: 29499107 PMCID: PMC5969064 DOI: 10.1002/term.2659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic differentiation of human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) under flow conditions in a 3D scaffold is expected to be a major step forward for construction of bioartificial livers. The aims of this study were to induce hepatic differentiation of hiPSCs under perfusion conditions and to perform functional comparisons with fresh human precision-cut liver slices (hPCLS), an excellent benchmark for the human liver in vivo. The majority of the mRNA expression of CYP isoenzymes and transporters and the tested CYP activities, Phase II metabolism, and albumin, urea, and bile acid synthesis in the hiPSC-derived cells reached values that overlap those of hPCLS, which indicates a higher degree of hepatic differentiation than observed until now. Differentiation under flow compared with static conditions had a strong inducing effect on Phase II metabolism and suppressed AFP expression but resulted in slightly lower activity of some of the Phase I metabolism enzymes. Gene expression data indicate that hiPSCs differentiated into both hepatic and biliary directions. In conclusion, the hiPSC differentiated under flow conditions towards hepatocytes express a wide spectrum of liver functions at levels comparable with hPCLS indicating excellent future perspectives for the development of a bioartificial liver system for toxicity testing or as liver support device for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoriia Starokozhko
- Groningen Research Institute for PharmacyUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Mette Hemmingsen
- Department of Micro‐ and NanotechnologyTechnical University of DenmarkDenmark
| | - Layla Larsen
- Department of Micro‐ and NanotechnologyTechnical University of DenmarkDenmark
| | | | - Marjolijn Merema
- Groningen Research Institute for PharmacyUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Rodrigo C. Pimentel
- Department of Micro‐ and NanotechnologyTechnical University of DenmarkDenmark
| | - Anders Wolff
- Department of Micro‐ and NanotechnologyTechnical University of DenmarkDenmark
| | - Jenny Emnéus
- Department of Micro‐ and NanotechnologyTechnical University of DenmarkDenmark
| | | | - Geny Groothuis
- Groningen Research Institute for PharmacyUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Martin Dufva
- Department of Micro‐ and NanotechnologyTechnical University of DenmarkDenmark
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Burgstaller G, Sengupta A, Vierkotten S, Preissler G, Lindner M, Behr J, Königshoff M, Eickelberg O. Distinct niches within the extracellular matrix dictate fibroblast function in (cell free) 3D lung tissue cultures. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2018; 314:L708-L723. [DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00408.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cues from the extracellular matrix (ECM) and their functional interplay with cells play pivotal roles for development, tissue repair, and disease. However, the precise nature of this interplay remains elusive. We used an innovative 3D cell culture ECM model by decellularizing 300-µm-thick ex vivo lung tissue scaffolds (d3D-LTCs) derived from diseased and healthy mouse lungs, which widely mimics the native (patho)physiological in vivo ECM microenvironment. We successfully repopulated all d3D-LTCs with primary human and murine fibroblasts, and moreover, we demonstrated that the cells also populated the innermost core regions of the d3D-LTCs in a real 3D fashion. The engrafted fibroblasts revealed a striking functional plasticity, depending on their localization in distinct ECM niches of the d3D-LTCs, affecting the cells’ tissue engraftment, cellular migration rates, cell morphologies, and protein expression and phosphorylation levels. Surprisingly, we also observed fibroblasts that were homing to the lung scaffold’s interstitium as well as fibroblasts that were invading fibrotic areas. To date, the functional nature and even the existence of 3D cell matrix adhesions in vivo as well as in 3D culture models is still unclear and controversial. Here, we show that attachment of fibroblasts to the d3D-LTCs evidently occurred via focal adhesions, thus advocating for a relevant functional role in vivo. Furthermore, we found that protein levels of talin, paxillin, and zyxin and phosphorylation levels of paxillin Y118, as well as the migration-relevant small GTPases RhoA, Rac, and CDC42, were significantly reduced compared with their attachment to 2D plastic dishes. In summary, our results strikingly indicate that inherent physical or compositional characteristics of the ECM act as instructive cues altering the functional behavior of engrafted cells. Thus, d3D-LTCs might aid to obtain more realistic data in vitro, with a high relevance for drug discovery and mechanistic studies alike.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald Burgstaller
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, University Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Arunima Sengupta
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, University Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Sarah Vierkotten
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, University Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Gerhard Preissler
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, University Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
- Thoraxchirurgisches Zentrum, Klinik für Allgemeine-, Viszeral-, Transplantations-, Gefäß- und Thoraxchirurgie, Klinikum Großhadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Lindner
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, University Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
- Asklepios Fachkliniken München-Gauting, Munich, Germany
| | - Jürgen Behr
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, University Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
- Asklepios Fachkliniken München-Gauting, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik V, Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Melanie Königshoff
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, University Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
- Division of Respiratory Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado
| | - Oliver Eickelberg
- Division of Respiratory Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado
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Yamanaka H, Komeya M, Nakamura H, Sanjo H, Sato T, Yao M, Kimura H, Fujii T, Ogawa T. A monolayer microfluidic device supporting mouse spermatogenesis with improved visibility. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 500:885-891. [PMID: 29705697 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.04.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
In our previous study, we produced a microfluidic device (MFD) which successfully maintained spermatogenesis for over 6 months in mouse testis tissues loaded in the device. In the present study, we developed a new MFD, a monolayer device (ML-D) with a barrier structure consisting of pillars and slits, which is simpler in design and easier to make. This ML-D was also effective for inducing mouse spermatogenesis and maintained it for a longer period than the conventional culture method. In addition, we devised a way of introducing sample tissue into the device during its production, just before bonding the upper layer of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and bottom glass slide. The tissue can obtain nutrients horizontally from the medium running beside it and oxygen vertically from above through PDMS. In addition, the glass slide set at the bottom improved the visibility of the sample tissue with an inverted microscope. When we took photos of cultured tissue of the Acr-Gfp transgenic mouse testis in ML-D sequentially every day, morphological changes of the acrosome during spermiogenesis were successfully recorded. The ML-D is simple in design and useful for culturing testis tissue for inducing and maintaining spermatogenesis with clearer visibility. Due to the new method of sample loading, tissues other than testis should also be applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Yamanaka
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical and Regenerative Sciences, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Life Science, Yokohama City University Association of Medical Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan; Department of Urology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Komeya
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical and Regenerative Sciences, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Life Science, Yokohama City University Association of Medical Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan; Department of Urology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Hiroko Nakamura
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tokai University, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sanjo
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical and Regenerative Sciences, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Life Science, Yokohama City University Association of Medical Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan; Department of Urology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Takuya Sato
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical and Regenerative Sciences, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Life Science, Yokohama City University Association of Medical Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yao
- Department of Urology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kimura
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tokai University, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan.
| | - Teruo Fujii
- Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan.
| | - Takehiko Ogawa
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical and Regenerative Sciences, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Life Science, Yokohama City University Association of Medical Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan; Department of Urology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan.
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Wang YI, Carmona C, Hickman JJ, Shuler ML. Multiorgan Microphysiological Systems for Drug Development: Strategies, Advances, and Challenges. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7:10.1002/adhm.201701000. [PMID: 29205920 PMCID: PMC5805562 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201701000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Traditional cell culture and animal models utilized for preclinical drug screening have led to high attrition rates of drug candidates in clinical trials due to their low predictive power for human response. Alternative models using human cells to build in vitro biomimetics of the human body with physiologically relevant organ-organ interactions hold great potential to act as "human surrogates" and provide more accurate prediction of drug effects in humans. This review is a comprehensive investigation into the development of tissue-engineered human cell-based microscale multiorgan models, or multiorgan microphysiological systems for drug testing. The evolution from traditional models to macro- and microscale multiorgan systems is discussed in regards to the rationale for recent global efforts in multiorgan microphysiological systems. Current advances in integrating cell culture and on-chip analytical technologies, as well as proof-of-concept applications for these multiorgan microsystems are discussed. Major challenges for the field, such as reproducibility and physiological relevance, are discussed with comparisons of the strengths and weaknesses of various systems to solve these challenges. Conclusions focus on the current development stage of multiorgan microphysiological systems and new trends in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying I Wang
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Carlos Carmona
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | - James J Hickman
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
- Hesperos, Inc., 3259 Progress Dr, Room 158, Orlando, FL 32826
| | - Michael L Shuler
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Hesperos, Inc., 3259 Progress Dr, Room 158, Orlando, FL 32826
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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Improved in vitro models for preclinical drug and formulation screening focusing on 2D and 3D skin and cornea constructs. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2017; 126:57-66. [PMID: 29191717 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2017.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The present overview deals with current approaches for the improvement of in vitro models for preclinical drug and formulation screening which were elaborated in a joint project at the Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering of the TU Braunschweig. Within this project a special focus was laid on the enhancement of skin and cornea models. For this reason, first, a computation-based approach for in silico modeling of dermal cell proliferation and differentiation was developed. The simulation should for example enhance the understanding of the performed 2D in vitro tests on the antiproliferative effect of hyperforin. A second approach aimed at establishing in vivo-like dynamic conditions in in vitro drug absorption studies in contrast to the commonly used static conditions. The reported Dynamic Micro Tissue Engineering System (DynaMiTES) combines the advantages of in vitro cell culture models and microfluidic systems for the emulation of dynamic drug absorption at different physiological barriers and, later, for the investigation of dynamic culture conditions. Finally, cryopreserved shipping was investigated for a human hemicornea construct. As the implementation of a tissue-engineering laboratory is time-consuming and cost-intensive, commercial availability of advanced 3D human tissue is preferred from a variety of companies. However, for shipping purposes cryopreservation is a challenge to maintain the same quality and performance of the tissue in the laboratory of both, the provider and the customer.
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Salentijn GI, Oomen PE, Grajewski M, Verpoorte E. Fused Deposition Modeling 3D Printing for (Bio)analytical Device Fabrication: Procedures, Materials, and Applications. Anal Chem 2017. [PMID: 28628294 PMCID: PMC5510088 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b00828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the use of fused deposition modeling (FDM) in a (bio)analytical/lab-on-a-chip research laboratory is described. First, the specifications of this 3D printing method that are important for the fabrication of (micro)devices were characterized for a benchtop FDM 3D printer. These include resolution, surface roughness, leakage, transparency, material deformation, and the possibilities for integration of other materials. Next, the autofluorescence, solvent compatibility, and biocompatibility of 12 representative FDM materials were tested and evaluated. Finally, we demonstrate the feasibility of FDM in a number of important applications. In particular, we consider the fabrication of fluidic channels, masters for polymer replication, and tools for the production of paper microfluidic devices. This work thus provides a guideline for (i) the use of FDM technology by addressing its possibilities and current limitations, (ii) material selection for FDM, based on solvent compatibility and biocompatibility, and (iii) application of FDM technology to (bio)analytical research by demonstrating a broad range of illustrative examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gert Ij Salentijn
- Pharmaceutical Analysis, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen , 9700 AD Groningen, The Netherlands.,TI-COAST , Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter E Oomen
- Pharmaceutical Analysis, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen , 9700 AD Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maciej Grajewski
- Pharmaceutical Analysis, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen , 9700 AD Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth Verpoorte
- Pharmaceutical Analysis, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen , 9700 AD Groningen, The Netherlands
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Beiβner N, Mattern K, Dietzel A, Reichl S. DynaMiTES - A dynamic cell culture platform for in vitro drug testing PART 2 - Ocular DynaMiTES for drug absorption studies of the anterior eye. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2017; 126:166-176. [PMID: 28377274 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2017.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, a formerly designed Dynamic Micro Tissue Engineering System (DynaMiTES) was applied with our prevalidated human hemicornea (HC) construct to obtain a test platform for improved absorption studies of the anterior eye (Ocular DynaMiTES). First, the cultivation procedure of the classic HC was slightly adapted to the novel DynaMiTES design. The obtained inverted HC was then compared to classic HC regarding cell morphology using light and scanning electron microscopy, cell viability using MTT dye reaction and epithelial barrier properties observing transepithelial electrical resistance and apparent permeation coefficient of sodium fluorescein. These tested cell criteria were similar. In addition, the effects of four different flow rates on the same cell characteristics were investigated using the DynaMiTES. Because no harmful potential of flow was found, dynamic absorption studies of sodium fluorescein with and without 0.005%, 0.01% and 0.02% benzalkonium chloride were performed compared to the common static test procedure. In this proof-of-concept study, the dynamic test conditions showed different results than the static test conditions with a better prediction of in vivo data. Thus, we propose that our DynaMiTES platform provides great opportunities for the improvement of common in vitro drug testing procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Beiβner
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Technologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstraβe 1, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany; Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering - PVZ, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Franz-Liszt-Straβe 35 A, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Kai Mattern
- Institut für Mikrotechnik, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Alte Salzdahlumer Straβe 203, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering - PVZ, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Franz-Liszt-Straβe 35 A, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Andreas Dietzel
- Institut für Mikrotechnik, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Alte Salzdahlumer Straβe 203, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering - PVZ, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Franz-Liszt-Straβe 35 A, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Stephan Reichl
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Technologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstraβe 1, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany; Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering - PVZ, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Franz-Liszt-Straβe 35 A, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
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Viviani P, Lifschitz AL, García JP, Maté ML, Quiroga MA, Lanusse CE, Virkel GL. Assessment of liver slices for research on metabolic drug–drug interactions in cattle. Xenobiotica 2017; 47:933-942. [DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2016.1246782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paula Viviani
- Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN, CONICET-CIC-UNCPBA), Tandil, Argentina
| | - Adrián L. Lifschitz
- Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN, CONICET-CIC-UNCPBA), Tandil, Argentina
| | - Jorge P. García
- Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN, CONICET-CIC-UNCPBA), Tandil, Argentina
| | - María Laura Maté
- Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN, CONICET-CIC-UNCPBA), Tandil, Argentina
| | - Miguel A. Quiroga
- Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN, CONICET-CIC-UNCPBA), Tandil, Argentina
| | - Carlos E. Lanusse
- Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN, CONICET-CIC-UNCPBA), Tandil, Argentina
| | - Guillermo L. Virkel
- Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN, CONICET-CIC-UNCPBA), Tandil, Argentina
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45
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Recent Advances of Microfluidics Technologies in the Field of Medicinal Chemistry. ANNUAL REPORTS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.armc.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Oomen PE, Skolimowski MD, Verpoorte E. Implementing oxygen control in chip-based cell and tissue culture systems. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 16:3394-414. [PMID: 27492338 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc00772d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Oxygen is essential in the energy metabolism of cells, as well as being an important regulatory parameter influencing cell differentiation and function. Interest in precise oxygen control for in vitro cultures of tissues and cells continues to grow, especially with the emergence of the organ-on-a-chip and the desire to emulate in vivo conditions. This was recently discussed in this journal in a Critical Review by Brennan et al. (Lab Chip (2014). DOI: ). Microfluidics can be used to introduce flow to facilitate nutrient supply to and waste removal from in vitro culture systems. Well-defined oxygen gradients can also be established. However, cells can quickly alter the oxygen balance in their vicinity. In this Tutorial Review, we expand on the Brennan paper to focus on the implementation of oxygen analysis in these systems to achieve continuous monitoring. Both electrochemical and optical approaches for the integration of oxygen monitoring in microfluidic tissue and cell culture systems will be discussed. Differences in oxygen requirements from one organ to the next are a challenging problem, as oxygen delivery is limited by its uptake into medium. Hence, we discuss the factors determining oxygen concentrations in solutions and consider the possible use of artificial oxygen carriers to increase dissolved oxygen concentrations. The selection of device material for applications requiring precise oxygen control is discussed in detail, focusing on oxygen permeability. Lastly, a variety of devices is presented, showing the diversity of approaches that can be employed to control and monitor oxygen concentrations in in vitro experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter E Oomen
- Pharmaceutical Analysis, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1 (XB20), 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Nieskens TTG, Wilmer MJ. Kidney-on-a-chip technology for renal proximal tubule tissue reconstruction. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 790:46-56. [PMID: 27401035 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The renal proximal tubule epithelium is responsible for active secretion of endogenous and exogenous waste products from the body and simultaneous reabsorption of vital compounds from the glomerular filtrate. The complexity of this transport machinery makes investigation of processes such as tubular drug secretion a continuous challenge for researchers. Currently available renal cell culture models often lack sufficient physiological relevance and reliability. Introducing complex biological culture systems in a 3D microfluidic design improves the physiological relevance of in vitro renal proximal tubule epithelium models. Organ-on-a-chip technology provides a promising alternative, as it allows the reconstruction of a renal tubule structure. These microfluidic systems mimic the in vivo microenvironment including multi-compartmentalization and exposure to fluid shear stress. Increasing data supports that fluid shear stress impacts the phenotype and functionality of proximal tubule cultures, for which we provide an extensive background. In this review, we discuss recent developments of kidney-on-a-chip platforms with current and future applications. The improved proximal tubule functionality using 3D microfluidic systems is placed in perspective of investigating cellular signalling that can elucidate mechanistic aberrations involved in drug-induced kidney toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom T G Nieskens
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Science, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn J Wilmer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Science, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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48
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Takemura A, Izaki A, Sekine S, Ito K. Inhibition of bile canalicular network formation in rat sandwich cultured hepatocytes by drugs associated with risk of severe liver injury. Toxicol In Vitro 2016; 35:121-30. [PMID: 27256767 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2016.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury is a clinical concern with serious consequences. Although many preclinical screening methods have been proposed, it remains difficult to identify compounds associated with this rare but potentially fatal liver condition. Here, we propose a novel assay system to assess the risk of liver injury. Rat primary hepatocytes were cultured in a sandwich configuration, which enables the formation of a typical bile canalicular network. From day 2 to 3, test drugs, mostly selected from a list of cholestatic drugs, were administered, and the length of the network was semi-quantitatively measured by immunofluorescence. Liver injury risk information was collected from drug labels and was compared with in vitro measurements. Of 23 test drugs examined, 15 exhibited potent inhibition of bile canalicular network formation (<60% of control). Effects on cell viability were negligible or minimal as confirmed by lactate dehydrogenase leakage and cellular ATP content assays. For the potent 15 drugs, IC50 values were determined. Finally, maximum daily dose divided by the inhibition constant gave good separation of the highest risk of severe liver toxicity drugs such as troglitazone, benzbromarone, flutamide, and amiodarone from lower risk drugs. In conclusion, inhibitory effect on the bile canalicular network formation observed in in vitro sandwich cultured hepatocytes evaluates a new aspect of drug toxicity, particularly associated with aggravation of liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinori Takemura
- The Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Inohana 1-8-1, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan
| | - Aya Izaki
- The Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Inohana 1-8-1, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan
| | - Shuichi Sekine
- The Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Inohana 1-8-1, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan
| | - Kousei Ito
- The Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Inohana 1-8-1, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan.
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Marx U, Andersson TB, Bahinski A, Beilmann M, Beken S, Cassee FR, Cirit M, Daneshian M, Fitzpatrick S, Frey O, Gaertner C, Giese C, Griffith L, Hartung T, Heringa MB, Hoeng J, de Jong WH, Kojima H, Kuehnl J, Luch A, Maschmeyer I, Sakharov D, Sips AJAM, Steger-Hartmann T, Tagle DA, Tonevitsky A, Tralau T, Tsyb S, van de Stolpe A, Vandebriel R, Vulto P, Wang J, Wiest J, Rodenburg M, Roth A. Biology-inspired microphysiological system approaches to solve the prediction dilemma of substance testing. ALTEX 2016; 33:272-321. [PMID: 27180100 PMCID: PMC5396467 DOI: 10.14573/altex.1603161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The recent advent of microphysiological systems - microfluidic biomimetic devices that aspire to emulate the biology of human tissues, organs and circulation in vitro - is envisaged to enable a global paradigm shift in drug development. An extraordinary US governmental initiative and various dedicated research programs in Europe and Asia have led recently to the first cutting-edge achievements of human single-organ and multi-organ engineering based on microphysiological systems. The expectation is that test systems established on this basis would model various disease stages, and predict toxicity, immunogenicity, ADME profiles and treatment efficacy prior to clinical testing. Consequently, this technology could significantly affect the way drug substances are developed in the future. Furthermore, microphysiological system-based assays may revolutionize our current global programs of prioritization of hazard characterization for any new substances to be used, for example, in agriculture, food, ecosystems or cosmetics, thus, replacing laboratory animal models used currently. Thirty-six experts from academia, industry and regulatory bodies present here the results of an intensive workshop (held in June 2015, Berlin, Germany). They review the status quo of microphysiological systems available today against industry needs, and assess the broad variety of approaches with fit-for-purpose potential in the drug development cycle. Feasible technical solutions to reach the next levels of human biology in vitro are proposed. Furthermore, key organ-on-a-chip case studies, as well as various national and international programs are highlighted. Finally, a roadmap into the future is outlined, to allow for more predictive and regulatory-accepted substance testing on a global scale.
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50
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Lee SH, Ha SK, Choi I, Choi N, Park TH, Sung JH. Microtechnology-based organ systems and whole-body models for drug screening. Biotechnol J 2016; 11:746-56. [PMID: 27125245 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201500551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
After drug administration, the drugs are absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted (ADME). Because ADME processes affect drug efficacy, various in vitro models have been developed based on the ADME processes. Although these models have been widely accepted as a tool for predicting the effects of drugs, the differences between in vivo and in vitro systems result in high attrition rates of drugs during the development process and remain a major limitation. Recent advances in microtechnology enable more accurate mimicking of the in vivo environment, where cellular behavior and physiological responses to drugs are more realistic; this has led to the development of novel in vitro systems, known as "organ-on-a-chip" systems. The development of organ-on-a-chip systems has progressed to include the reproduction of multiple organ interactions, which is an important step towards "body-on-a-chip" systems that will ultimately predict whole-body responses to drugs. In this review, we summarize the application of microtechnology for the development of in vitro systems that accurately mimic in vivo environments and reconstruct multiple organ models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Hwan Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Keun Ha
- Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Inwook Choi
- Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Nakwon Choi
- Center for BioMicrosystems, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tai Hyun Park
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hwan Sung
- Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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