1
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Dietrich A, Schiemer R, Kurmann J, Zhang S, Hubbuch J. Raman-based PAT for VLP precipitation: systematic data diversification and preprocessing pipeline identification. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1399938. [PMID: 38882637 PMCID: PMC11177211 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1399938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Virus-like particles (VLPs) are a promising class of biopharmaceuticals for vaccines and targeted delivery. Starting from clarified lysate, VLPs are typically captured by selective precipitation. While VLP precipitation is induced by step-wise or continuous precipitant addition, current monitoring approaches do not support the direct product quantification, and analytical methods usually require various, time-consuming processing and sample preparation steps. Here, the application of Raman spectroscopy combined with chemometric methods may allow the simultaneous quantification of the precipitated VLPs and precipitant owing to its demonstrated advantages in analyzing crude, complex mixtures. In this study, we present a Raman spectroscopy-based Process Analytical Technology (PAT) tool developed on batch and fed-batch precipitation experiments of Hepatitis B core Antigen VLPs. We conducted small-scale precipitation experiments providing a diversified data set with varying precipitation dynamics and backgrounds induced by initial dilution or spiking of clarified Escherichia coli-derived lysates. For the Raman spectroscopy data, various preprocessing operations were systematically combined allowing the identification of a preprocessing pipeline, which proved to effectively eliminate initial lysate composition variations as well as most interferences attributed to precipitates and the precipitant present in solution. The calibrated partial least squares models seamlessly predicted the precipitant concentration with R 2 of 0.98 and 0.97 in batch and fed-batch experiments, respectively, and captured the observed precipitation trends with R 2 of 0.74 and 0.64. Although the resolution of fine differences between experiments was limited due to the observed non-linear relationship between spectral data and the VLP concentration, this study provides a foundation for employing Raman spectroscopy as a PAT sensor for monitoring VLP precipitation processes with the potential to extend its applicability to other phase-behavior dependent processes or molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabelle Dietrich
- Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences, Section IV: Biomolecular Separation Engineering, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Robin Schiemer
- Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences, Section IV: Biomolecular Separation Engineering, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jasper Kurmann
- Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences, Section IV: Biomolecular Separation Engineering, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Shiqi Zhang
- Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences, Section IV: Biomolecular Separation Engineering, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jürgen Hubbuch
- Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences, Section IV: Biomolecular Separation Engineering, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
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2
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Hirsch E, Bornemissza Z, Nagy ZK, Marosi GJ, Farkas A. Quantitative and qualitative analysis of cell culture media powders for mammalian cells by Raman microscopy. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 310:123906. [PMID: 38277781 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.123906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Cell culture media are essential for large-scale recombinant protein production using mammalian cell cultures. The composition and quality of media significantly impact cell growth and product formation. Analyzing media poses challenges due to complex compositions and undisclosed exact compositions. Traditional methods like NMR and chromatography offer sensitivity but require time-consuming sample preparation and lack spatial information. Raman chemical mapping characterizes solids, but its use in cell culture media analysis is limited so far. We present a chemometric evaluation for Raman maps to qualify and quantify media components, evaluate powder homogeneity, and perform lot-to-lot comparisons. Three lots of a marketed cell culture media powder were measured with Raman mapping technique. Chemometrics techniques have outlined a strategy to extract information from complex data. First, a spectral library has been structured. In addition to the 23 spectra for presumed ingredients, we obtained another 9 pure components with Multivariate Curve Resolution-Alternating Least Squares (MCR-ALS). Then the Spectral Angle Mapper-Orthogonal Projection (SAM-OP) algorithm revealed whether references actually occur in the mapped media powders. Finally, a quantification was provided by Classical Least Squares (CLS) modelling. Quantities of 18 significant amino acids mostly correlated with the reference method. The proposed method can be generally applied even for such complicated samples. Leveraging Raman mapping and innovative chemometric methods enhance recombinant protein production by improving the understanding of the spatial distribution and composition of cell culture media in mammalian cell cultivations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edit Hirsch
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Müegyetem rkp. 3., H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Bornemissza
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Müegyetem rkp. 3., H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsombor K Nagy
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Müegyetem rkp. 3., H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - György J Marosi
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Müegyetem rkp. 3., H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Farkas
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Müegyetem rkp. 3., H-1111 Budapest, Hungary.
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3
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Krumm TL, Ehsani A, Schaub J, Stiefel F. An Investigation into the Metabolic Differences between Conventional and High Seeding Density Fed-Batch Cell Cultures by Applying a Segmented Modeling Approach. Processes (Basel) 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/pr11041094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The conventional fed-batch process characterized by a low titer currently challenges pharmaceutical development. Process optimization by applying a perfusion process in the pre-stage and subsequent production phase at a high seeding density (HSD) can meet this challenge. In this study, we employed a simplified approach based on measured experiments, namely segmented modeling, to systematically analyze an HSD fed-batch process compared to a standard process. A comparison indicated that the metabolic phases of HSD processes are not only shifted in time, but metabolite trends show an altered metabolism. In an extended study, we integrated the intracellular fluxes determined by a metabolic flux analysis into the segmented modeling approach. Compared to using only extracellular rates, similar phases are identified, and this highlights the reliability of phase identification modeling using extracellular rates only. Furthermore, the segmented linear regression approach is used to create a model that describes cellular behavior and that can be used to predict potential improvements in the feeding strategy and in harvest viability. Here, overfeeding was eliminated and a significantly higher titer was achieved. This work provides insights into the overall metabolic changes in the HSD process and paves the way towards the optimization of the feeding regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Laura Krumm
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co.KG, Development Biologicals Germany, Birkendorfer Strasse 65, D-88397 Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Alireza Ehsani
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co.KG, Biopharmaceuticals Germany, Birkendorfer Strasse 65, D-88397 Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Jochen Schaub
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co.KG, Development Biologicals Germany, Birkendorfer Strasse 65, D-88397 Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Fabian Stiefel
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co.KG, Development Biologicals Germany, Birkendorfer Strasse 65, D-88397 Biberach an der Riß, Germany
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4
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Circular dichroism of biopharmaceutical proteins in a quality-regulated environment. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 219:114945. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.114945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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5
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Casian T, Nagy B, Kovács B, Galata DL, Hirsch E, Farkas A. Challenges and Opportunities of Implementing Data Fusion in Process Analytical Technology-A Review. Molecules 2022; 27:4846. [PMID: 35956791 PMCID: PMC9369811 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27154846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The release of the FDA's guidance on Process Analytical Technology has motivated and supported the pharmaceutical industry to deliver consistent quality medicine by acquiring a deeper understanding of the product performance and process interplay. The technical opportunities to reach this high-level control have considerably evolved since 2004 due to the development of advanced analytical sensors and chemometric tools. However, their transfer to the highly regulated pharmaceutical sector has been limited. To this respect, data fusion strategies have been extensively applied in different sectors, such as food or chemical, to provide a more robust performance of the analytical platforms. This survey evaluates the challenges and opportunities of implementing data fusion within the PAT concept by identifying transfer opportunities from other sectors. Special attention is given to the data types available from pharmaceutical manufacturing and their compatibility with data fusion strategies. Furthermore, the integration into Pharma 4.0 is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tibor Casian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Brigitta Nagy
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary; (D.L.G.); (E.H.); (A.F.)
| | - Béla Kovács
- Department of Biochemistry and Environmental Chemistry, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Târgu Mureș, 540139 Târgu Mureș, Romania;
| | - Dorián László Galata
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary; (D.L.G.); (E.H.); (A.F.)
| | - Edit Hirsch
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary; (D.L.G.); (E.H.); (A.F.)
| | - Attila Farkas
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary; (D.L.G.); (E.H.); (A.F.)
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6
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Wei B, Woon N, Dai L, Fish R, Tai M, Handagama W, Yin A, Sun J, Maier A, McDaniel D, Kadaub E, Yang J, Saggu M, Woys A, Pester O, Lambert D, Pell A, Hao Z, Magill G, Yim J, Chan J, Yang L, Macchi F, Bell C, Deperalta G, Chen Y. Multi-attribute Raman spectroscopy (MARS) for monitoring product quality attributes in formulated monoclonal antibody therapeutics. MAbs 2021; 14:2007564. [PMID: 34965193 PMCID: PMC8726703 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2021.2007564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid release of biopharmaceutical products enables a more efficient drug manufacturing process. Multi-attribute methods that target several product quality attributes (PQAs) at one time are an essential pillar of the rapid-release strategy. The novel, high-throughput, and nondestructive multi-attribute Raman spectroscopy (MARS) method combines Raman spectroscopy, design of experiments, and multivariate data analysis (MVDA). MARS allows the measurement of multiple PQAs for formulated protein therapeutics without sample preparation from a single spectroscopic scan. Variable importance in projection analysis is used to associate the chemical and spectral basis of targeted PQAs, which assists in model interpretation and selection. This study shows the feasibility of MARS for the measurement of both protein purity-related and formulation-related PQAs; measurements of protein concentration, osmolality, and some formulation additives were achieved by a generic multiproduct model for various protein products containing the same formulation components. MARS demonstrates the potential to be a powerful methodology to improve the efficiency of biopharmaceutical development and manufacturing, as it features fast turnaround time, good robustness, less human intervention, and potential for automation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingchuan Wei
- Protein Analytical Chemistry, Genentech Inc, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, USA.,Small Molecule Analytical Chemistry, Genentech Inc, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Nicholas Woon
- Protein Analytical Chemistry, Genentech Inc, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Lu Dai
- Protein Analytical Chemistry, Genentech Inc, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Raphael Fish
- Protein Analytical Chemistry, Genentech Inc, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Michelle Tai
- Protein Analytical Chemistry, Genentech Inc, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Winode Handagama
- Protein Analytical Chemistry, Genentech Inc, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Ashley Yin
- Protein Analytical Chemistry, Genentech Inc, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jia Sun
- Pharmaceutical Development, Genentech Inc, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Andrew Maier
- Purification Development, Genentech Inc, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Dana McDaniel
- Protein Analytical Chemistry, Genentech Inc, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Elvira Kadaub
- Protein Analytical Chemistry, Genentech Inc, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jessica Yang
- Pharmaceutical Development, Genentech Inc, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Miguel Saggu
- Pharmaceutical Development, Genentech Inc, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Ann Woys
- Pharmaceutical Development, Genentech Inc, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Oxana Pester
- Pharma Technical Development, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Danny Lambert
- Pharma Technical Development, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alex Pell
- Protein Analytical Chemistry, Genentech Inc, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Zhiqi Hao
- Protein Analytical Chemistry Quality Control, Genentech Inc, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Gordon Magill
- Cell Culture Development and Bioprocess, Genentech Inc, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jack Yim
- Protein Analytical Chemistry Quality Control, Genentech Inc, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jefferson Chan
- Protein Analytical Chemistry Quality Control, Genentech Inc, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Lindsay Yang
- Protein Analytical Chemistry Quality Control, Genentech Inc, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Frank Macchi
- Protein Analytical Chemistry, Genentech Inc, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Christian Bell
- Pharma Technical Development, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Galahad Deperalta
- Protein Analytical Chemistry, Genentech Inc, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Yan Chen
- Pharma Technical Development, Genentech Inc, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, USA
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7
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Rolinger L, Rüdt M, Hubbuch J. Comparison of UV- and Raman-based monitoring of the Protein A load phase and evaluation of data fusion by PLS models and CNNs. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 118:4255-4268. [PMID: 34297358 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A promising application of Process Analytical Technology to the downstream process of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) is the monitoring of the Protein A load phase as its control promises economic benefits. Different spectroscopic techniques have been evaluated in literature with regard to the ability to quantify the mAb concentration in the column effluent. Raman and Ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy are among the most promising techniques. In this study, both were investigated in an in-line setup and directly compared. The data of each sensor were analyzed independently with Partial-Least-Squares (PLS) models and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) for regression. Furthermore, data fusion strategies were investigated by combining both sensors in hierarchical PLS models or in CNNs. Among the tested options, UV spectroscopy alone allowed for the most precise and accurate prediction of the mAb concentration. A Root Mean Square Error of Prediction (RMSEP) of 0.013 g L-1 was reached with the UV-based PLS model. The Raman-based PLS model reached an RMSEP of 0.232 g L-1 . The different data fusion techniques did not improve the prediction accuracy above the prediction accuracy of the UV-based PLS model. Data fusion by PLS models seems meritless when combining a very accurate sensor with a less accurate signal. Furthermore, the application of CNNs for UV and Raman spectra did not yield significant improvements in the prediction quality. For the presented application, linear regression techniques seem to be better suited compared with advanced nonlinear regression techniques, like, CNNs. In summary, the results support the application of UV spectroscopy and PLS modeling for future research and development activities aiming to implement spectroscopic real-time monitoring of the Protein A load phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Rolinger
- Institute of Engineering in Life Sciences, Section IV: Biomolecular Separation Engineering, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany.,PTDC-P PAT, Hoffmann-La Roche AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Rüdt
- Institute of Engineering in Life Sciences, Section IV: Biomolecular Separation Engineering, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany.,Haute Ecole d'Ingénierie, HES-SO Valais-Wallis, Sion, Switzerland
| | - Jürgen Hubbuch
- Institute of Engineering in Life Sciences, Section IV: Biomolecular Separation Engineering, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
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8
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Boateng BO, Elcoroaristizabal S, Ryder AG. Development of a rapid polarized total synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy (pTSFS) method for protein quantification in a model bioreactor broth. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 118:1805-1817. [PMID: 33501639 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Protein quantification during bioprocess monitoring is essential for biopharmaceutical manufacturing and is complicated by the complex chemical composition of the bioreactor broth. Here we present the early-stage development and optimization of a polarized total synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy (pTSFS) method for protein quantification in a hydrolysate-protein model (mimics clarified bioreactor broth samples) using a standard benchtop laboratory fluorometer. We used UV transmitting polarizers to provide wider range pTSFS spectra for screening of the four different TSFS spectra generated by the measurement: parallel (||), perpendicular (⊥), unpolarized (T) intensity spectra and anisotropy maps. TSFS|| (parallel polarized) measurements were the best for protein quantification compared to standard unpolarized measurements and the Bradford assay. This was because TSFS|| spectra had a better analyte signal to noise ratio (SNR), due to the anisotropy of protein emission. This meant that protein signals were better resolved from the background emission of small molecule fluorophores in the cell culture media. SNR of >5000 was achieved for concentrations of bovine serum albumin/yeastolate 1.2/10 g L-1 with TSFS|| . Optimization using genetic algorithm and interval partial least squares based variable selection enabled reduction of spectral resolution and number of excitation wavelengths required without degrading performance. This enables fast (<3.5 min) online/at-line measurements, and the method had an LOD of 0.18 g L-1 and high accuracy with a predictive error of <9%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard O Boateng
- Nanoscale BioPhotonics Laboratory, School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Saioa Elcoroaristizabal
- Nanoscale BioPhotonics Laboratory, School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Alan G Ryder
- Nanoscale BioPhotonics Laboratory, School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
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9
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Mayrhofer P, Reinhart D, Castan A, Kunert R. Monitoring of heat- and light exposure of cell culture media by RAMAN spectroscopy: Towards an analytical tool for cell culture media quality control. Biochem Eng J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2020.107845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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10
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Pastrana-Otero I, Majumdar S, Gilchrist AE, Gorman BL, Harley BAC, Kraft ML. Development of an inexpensive Raman-compatible substrate for the construction of a microarray screening platform. Analyst 2020; 145:7030-7039. [PMID: 33103665 PMCID: PMC7594104 DOI: 10.1039/d0an01153c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Biomaterial microarrays are being developed to facilitate identifying the extrinsic cues that elicit stem cell fate decisions to self-renew, differentiate and remain quiescent. Raman microspectroscopy, often combined with multivariate analysis techniques such as partial least square-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), could enable the non-invasive identification of stem cell fate decisions made in response to extrinsic cues presented at specific locations on these microarrays. Because existing biomaterial microarrays are not compatible with Raman microspectroscopy, here, we develop an inexpensive substrate that is compatible with both single-cell Raman spectroscopy and the chemistries that are often used for biomaterial microarray fabrication. Standard deposition techniques were used to fabricate a custom Raman-compatible substrate that supports microarray construction. We validated that spectra from living cells on functionalized polyacrylamide (PA) gels attached to the custom Raman-compatible substrate are comparable to spectra acquired from a more expensive commercially available substrate. We also showed that the spectra acquired from individual living cells on functionalized PA gels attached to our custom substrates were of sufficient quality to enable accurate identification of cell phenotypes using PLS-DA models of the cell spectra. We demonstrated this by using cells from laboratory lines (CHO and transfected CHO cells) as well as adult stem cells that were freshly isolated from mice (long-term and short-term hematopoietic stem cells). The custom Raman-compatible substrate reported herein may be used as an inexpensive substrate for constructing biomaterial microarrays that enable the use of Raman microspectroscopy to non-invasively identify the fate decisions of stem cells in response to extrinsic cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isamar Pastrana-Otero
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.
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11
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Dickens JE, Chen R, Bareford L, Talreja G, Kolwyck D. Colorimetric and Physico-Chemical Property Relationships of Chemically Defined Media Powders Used in the Production of Biotherapeutics. J Pharm Sci 2020; 110:1635-1642. [PMID: 33096139 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2020.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Growth of mammalian cells in the production of biotherapeutics often require the benefits of chemically defined media (CDM). Storage, handling and stability advantages of CDM powders govern the preponderance of their use across the industry. Physico-chemical property lot-to-lot variation of these multicomponent powders, however, continues to be a challenge. Process imposed degradation of amino acids and vitamins, for example, can influence cell density, specific titer, and the quality profile of the molecule expressed due to the lack of process understanding and suitable mitigation controls. Such degradation can materialize in either their manufacture or in downstream media dissolution steps. Colorimetry, in lieu of visual appearance, can be an effective surveillance method for the direct assessment of CDM quality as color change is indicative of chemical-physical variations. This work describes a series of studies aimed to establish relationships between quantitative color change and physico-chemical attribute variation of glucose-free and glucose-based powders. The results illustrate color change is indicative of amino acid glycation, vitamin degradation and particle size shifts. These relationships enable a colorimetric control strategy for the sensitive and rapid detection of relevant CDM variation to drive additional targeted assessments to improve the productivity and robustness of cell culture processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rachel Chen
- Biogen 5000 Davis Dr. Morrisville, NC 27709, USA
| | | | | | - Dave Kolwyck
- Biogen 5000 Davis Dr. Morrisville, NC 27709, USA
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12
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Emerson J, Kara B, Glassey J. Multivariate data analysis in cell gene therapy manufacturing. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 45:107637. [PMID: 32980438 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of cell gene therapy (CGT) as a safe and efficacious treatment for numerous severe inherited and acquired human diseases has led to growing interest and investment in new CGT products. The most successful of these have been autologous viral vector-based treatments. The development of viral vector manufacturing processes and ex vivo patient cell processing capabilities is a pressing issue in the advancement of autologous viral vector-based CGT treatments. In viral vector production, scale-up is a critical task due to the limited scalability of traditional laboratory systems and the demand for high volumes of viral vector manufactured in accordance with current good manufacturing practice. Ex vivo cell processing methods require optimisation and automation before they can be scaled out, and several other manufacturing challenges are prevalent such as high levels of raw material and process variability, difficulty characterising complex materials, and a lack of knowledge of critical process parameters and their effect on critical quality attributes of the viral vector and cell drug products. Multivariate data analysis (MVDA) has been leveraged successfully in a variety of applications in the chemical and biochemical industries, including for tasks such as bioprocess monitoring, identification of critical process parameters and assessment of process variability and comparability during process development, scale-up and technology transfer. Henceforth, MVDA is reviewed here as a suitable tool for tackling some of the challenges faced in the development of CGT manufacturing processes. A summary of some key CGT manufacturing challenges is provided along with a review of MVDA applications to mammalian and microbial processes, and an exploration of the potential benefits, requirements and pre-requisites of MVDA applications in the development of CGT manufacturing processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Emerson
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK.
| | - Bo Kara
- Currently, Evox Therapeutics, Medawar Centre, Oxford OX4 4HG, UK.
| | - Jarka Glassey
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK.
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13
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Brunner M, Brosig P, Losing M, Kunzelmann M, Calvet A, Stiefel F, Bechmann J, Unsoeld A, Schaub J. Towards robust cell culture processes - Unraveling the impact of media preparation by spectroscopic online monitoring. Eng Life Sci 2020; 19:666-680. [PMID: 32624960 PMCID: PMC6999248 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201900050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Biopharmaceutical manufacturing processes can be affected by variability in cell culture media, e.g. caused by raw material impurities. Although efforts have been made in industry and academia to characterize cell culture media and raw materials with advanced analytics, the process of industrial cell culture media preparation itself has not been reported so far. Within this publication, we first compare mid-infrared and two-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy with respect to their suitability as online monitoring tools during cell culture media preparation, followed by a thorough assessment of the impact of preparation parameters on media quality. Through the application of spectroscopic methods, we can show that media variability and its corresponding root cause can be detected online during the preparation process. This methodology is a powerful tool to avoid batch failure and is a valuable technology for media troubleshooting activities. Moreover, in a design of experiments approach, including additional liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analytics, it is shown that variable preparation parameters such as temperature, power input and preparation time can have a strong impact on the physico-chemical composition of the media. The effect on cell culture process performance and product quality in subsequent fed-batch processes was also investigated. The presented results reveal the need for online spectroscopic methods during the preparation process and show that media variability can already be introduced by variation in media preparation parameters, with a potential impact on scale-up to a commercial manufacturing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Brunner
- Bioprocess Development Biologicals Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG Biberach Germany
| | - Philipp Brosig
- Bioprocess Development Biologicals Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG Biberach Germany
| | - Monika Losing
- Bioprocess Development Biologicals Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG Biberach Germany
| | - Marco Kunzelmann
- Analytical Development Biologicals Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG Biberach Germany
| | - Amandine Calvet
- Bioprocess Development Biologicals Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG Biberach Germany
| | - Fabian Stiefel
- Bioprocess Development Biologicals Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG Biberach Germany
| | - Jan Bechmann
- Bioprocess Development Biologicals Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG Biberach Germany
| | - Andreas Unsoeld
- Bioprocess Development Biologicals Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG Biberach Germany
| | - Jochen Schaub
- Bioprocess Development Biologicals Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG Biberach Germany
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14
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Rafferty C, Johnson K, O'Mahony J, Burgoyne B, Rea R, Balss KM. Analysis of chemometric models applied to Raman spectroscopy for monitoring key metabolites of cell culture. Biotechnol Prog 2020; 36:e2977. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Carl Rafferty
- BioTherapeutic DevelopmentJanssen Sciences Ireland UC Cork Ireland
- Biological SciencesCork Institute of Technology Cork Ireland
| | | | - Jim O'Mahony
- Biological SciencesCork Institute of Technology Cork Ireland
| | - Barbara Burgoyne
- Product Quality ManagementJanssen Sciences Ireland UC Cork Ireland
| | - Rosemary Rea
- Biological SciencesCork Institute of Technology Cork Ireland
| | - Karin M. Balss
- Advanced Technology Center of ExcellenceJanssen Supply Group New Jersey
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15
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Bertens CJF, Zhang S, Erckens RJ, van den Biggelaar FJHM, Berendschot TTJM, Webers CAB, Nuijts RMMA, Gijs M. Confocal Raman spectroscopy: Evaluation of a non-invasive technique for the detection of topically applied ketorolac tromethamine in vitro and in vivo. Int J Pharm 2019; 570:118641. [PMID: 31446026 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Current information about the pharmacokinetics of an ocular drug can only be achieved by invasive sampling. However, confocal Raman spectroscopy bears the potential to quantify drug concentrations non-invasively. In this project, we evaluated the detection and quantification of ocular ketorolac tromethamine levels with confocal Raman spectroscopy after topical administration. Confocal Raman spectroscopy and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were compared in terms of sensitivity of detection. Enucleated pig eyes were treated with different concentrations of ketorolac. Hereafter, ketorolac concentrations in the aqueous humor of pig eyes were analyzed by confocal Raman spectroscopy and HPLC. Subsequently, twelve rabbits were treated with Acular™ for four weeks. At several time points, ketorolac concentrations in aqueous humor of the rabbits were measured by confocal Raman spectroscopy followed by drawing an aqueous humor sample for HPLC analysis. In ketorolac treated pig eyes, both ex vivo Raman spectroscopy as well as HPLC were able to detect ketorolac in a broad concentration range. However, in vivo confocal Raman spectroscopy in rabbits was unable to detect ketorolac in contrast to HPLC. To conclude, confocal Raman spectroscopy has the capacity to detect ketorolac tromethamine in vitro, but currently lacks sensitivity for in vivo detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian J F Bertens
- University Eye Clinic Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center+, P. Debyelaan 25, P.O. Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, the Netherlands; Maastricht University, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, University Eye Clinic Maastricht, Universiteitssingel 50, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, the Netherlands; Chemelot Institute for Science and Technology (InSciTe), Urmonderbaan 20F, 6167 RD Geleen, the Netherlands.
| | - Shuo Zhang
- University Eye Clinic Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center+, P. Debyelaan 25, P.O. Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, the Netherlands; Maastricht University, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, University Eye Clinic Maastricht, Universiteitssingel 50, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Roel J Erckens
- University Eye Clinic Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center+, P. Debyelaan 25, P.O. Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Ophthalmology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen, the Netherlands
| | - Frank J H M van den Biggelaar
- University Eye Clinic Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center+, P. Debyelaan 25, P.O. Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, the Netherlands; Maastricht University, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, University Eye Clinic Maastricht, Universiteitssingel 50, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, the Netherlands; Chemelot Institute for Science and Technology (InSciTe), Urmonderbaan 20F, 6167 RD Geleen, the Netherlands
| | - Tos T J M Berendschot
- University Eye Clinic Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center+, P. Debyelaan 25, P.O. Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, the Netherlands; Maastricht University, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, University Eye Clinic Maastricht, Universiteitssingel 50, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Carroll A B Webers
- University Eye Clinic Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center+, P. Debyelaan 25, P.O. Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, the Netherlands; Maastricht University, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, University Eye Clinic Maastricht, Universiteitssingel 50, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Rudy M M A Nuijts
- University Eye Clinic Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center+, P. Debyelaan 25, P.O. Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, the Netherlands; Maastricht University, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, University Eye Clinic Maastricht, Universiteitssingel 50, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, the Netherlands; Chemelot Institute for Science and Technology (InSciTe), Urmonderbaan 20F, 6167 RD Geleen, the Netherlands; Department of Ophthalmology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen, the Netherlands
| | - Marlies Gijs
- University Eye Clinic Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center+, P. Debyelaan 25, P.O. Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, the Netherlands; Maastricht University, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, University Eye Clinic Maastricht, Universiteitssingel 50, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, the Netherlands; Chemelot Institute for Science and Technology (InSciTe), Urmonderbaan 20F, 6167 RD Geleen, the Netherlands
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16
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Santos RM, Kaiser P, Menezes JC, Peinado A. Improving reliability of Raman spectroscopy for mAb production by upstream processes during bioprocess development stages. Talanta 2019; 199:396-406. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.02.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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17
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Fisher AC, Kamga MH, Agarabi C, Brorson K, Lee SL, Yoon S. The Current Scientific and Regulatory Landscape in Advancing Integrated Continuous Biopharmaceutical Manufacturing. Trends Biotechnol 2019; 37:253-267. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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18
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Dickens J, Khattak S, Matthews TE, Kolwyck D, Wiltberger K. Biopharmaceutical raw material variation and control. Curr Opin Chem Eng 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coche.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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19
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20
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Role of raw materials in biopharmaceutical manufacturing: risk analysis and fingerprinting. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2018; 53:99-105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2017.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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21
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Trenfield SJ, Goyanes A, Telford R, Wilsdon D, Rowland M, Gaisford S, Basit AW. 3D printed drug products: Non-destructive dose verification using a rapid point-and-shoot approach. Int J Pharm 2018; 549:283-292. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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22
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Secondary structure assessment of formulated bevacizumab in the presence of SDS by deep ultraviolet resonance Raman (DUVRR) spectroscopy. Anal Biochem 2018; 555:26-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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23
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Santos RM, Kessler JM, Salou P, Menezes JC, Peinado A. Monitoring mAb cultivations with in-situ raman spectroscopy: The influence of spectral selectivity on calibration models and industrial use as reliable PAT tool. Biotechnol Prog 2018; 34:659-670. [PMID: 29603907 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Raman spectroscopy is a suitable monitoring technique for CHO cultivations. However, a thorough discussion of peaks, bands, and region assignments to key metabolites and culture attributes, and the interpretability of produced calibrations is scarce. That understanding is vital for the long-term predictive ability of monitoring models, and to facilitate lifecycle management that comply with regulatory guidelines. Several fed-batch lab-scale mAb mammalian cultivations were carried out, with in situ Raman spectroscopy used for process state estimation and attribute monitoring. The goal was to evaluate its use as a process analytical technology (PAT) tool to detect residual glucose and lactate levels, understand their dynamics and interconversion, and eventually estimate key performance culture and product quality attributes. Glucose and lactate models were optimized up to 0.31 g L-1 with 3 Latent Variables (LVs) and 0.19 g L-1 (2 LVs) accuracy, respectively. Glutamine and product titer models, were not specific and accurate enough, even though indirect calibrations were obtained with a RMSEP of 0.12 g L-1 (4 LVs) and 0.29 g L-1 (5 LVs), respectively. A critical discussion and details about the extensive work done in calibration development and optimization are provided. Namely, considering a risk-based selection of variability sources impacting sample spectra, executing designed experiments with spiked cultivations, and using advanced chemometric procedures for variable selection and model cross validation. A strategy is presented to evaluation Raman spectroscopy as a reliable PAT technology fit-for industrial use. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 34:659-670, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael M Santos
- Institute for Biotechnology and Biosciences, Dept. BioEngineering IST, University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, Lisbon, 1049-001, Portugal
| | | | - Patrick Salou
- Novartis AG, Biologics, Basel, Basel-Stadt, CH 4002, Switzerland
| | - Jose C Menezes
- Institute for Biotechnology and Biosciences, Dept. BioEngineering IST, University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, Lisbon, 1049-001, Portugal
| | - Antonio Peinado
- Novartis AG, MS&T, Klybeckstrasse 191, Basel, Basel-Stadt, CH 4002, Switzerland
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24
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Bhatia H, Mehdizadeh H, Drapeau D, Yoon S. In-line monitoring of amino acids in mammalian cell cultures using raman spectroscopy and multivariate chemometrics models. Eng Life Sci 2018; 18:55-61. [PMID: 32624861 PMCID: PMC6999330 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201700084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The application of PAT for in-line monitoring of biopharmaceutical manufacturing operations has a central role in developing more robust and consistent processes. Various spectroscopic techniques have been applied for collecting real-time data from cell culture processes. Among these, Raman spectroscopy has been shown to have advantages over other spectroscopic techniques, especially in aqueous culture solutions. Measurements of several process parameters such as glucose, lactate, glutamine, glutamate, ammonium, osmolality and VCD using Raman-based chemometrics models have been reported in literature. The application of Raman spectroscopy, coupled with calibration models for amino acid measurement in cell cultures, has been assessed. The developed models cover four amino acids important for cell growth and production: tyrosine, tryptophan, phenylalanine and methionine. The chemometrics models based on Raman spectroscopy data demonstrate the significant potential for the quantification of tyrosine, tryptophan and phenylalanine. The model for methionine would have to be further refined to improve quantification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemlata Bhatia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and BiotechnologyUniversity of Massachusetts LowellLowellMA, USA
| | - Hamidreza Mehdizadeh
- Advanced Manufacturing TechnologyGlobal Technology ServicesPfizer Global SuppliesPfizer‐Inc.PeapackNJ, USA
| | | | - Seongkyu Yoon
- Department of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of Massachusetts LowellLowellMA, USA
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25
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Hofer A, Kamravamanesh D, Bona-Lovasz J, Limbeck A, Lendl B, Herwig C, Fricke J. Prediction of filamentous process performance attributes by CSL quality assessment using mid-infrared spectroscopy and chemometrics. J Biotechnol 2018; 265:93-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2017.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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26
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Kroll P, Hofer A, Ulonska S, Kager J, Herwig C. Model-Based Methods in the Biopharmaceutical Process Lifecycle. Pharm Res 2017; 34:2596-2613. [PMID: 29168076 PMCID: PMC5736780 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-017-2308-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Model-based methods are increasingly used in all areas of biopharmaceutical process technology. They can be applied in the field of experimental design, process characterization, process design, monitoring and control. Benefits of these methods are lower experimental effort, process transparency, clear rationality behind decisions and increased process robustness. The possibility of applying methods adopted from different scientific domains accelerates this trend further. In addition, model-based methods can help to implement regulatory requirements as suggested by recent Quality by Design and validation initiatives. The aim of this review is to give an overview of the state of the art of model-based methods, their applications, further challenges and possible solutions in the biopharmaceutical process life cycle. Today, despite these advantages, the potential of model-based methods is still not fully exhausted in bioprocess technology. This is due to a lack of (i) acceptance of the users, (ii) user-friendly tools provided by existing methods, (iii) implementation in existing process control systems and (iv) clear workflows to set up specific process models. We propose that model-based methods be applied throughout the lifecycle of a biopharmaceutical process, starting with the set-up of a process model, which is used for monitoring and control of process parameters, and ending with continuous and iterative process improvement via data mining techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Kroll
- Research Area Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Environmental and Biological Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Gumpendorfer Straße 1a - 166/4, A-1060, Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mechanistic and Physiological Methods for Improved Bioprocesses, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexandra Hofer
- Research Area Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Environmental and Biological Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Gumpendorfer Straße 1a - 166/4, A-1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sophia Ulonska
- Research Area Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Environmental and Biological Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Gumpendorfer Straße 1a - 166/4, A-1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julian Kager
- Research Area Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Environmental and Biological Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Gumpendorfer Straße 1a - 166/4, A-1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Herwig
- Research Area Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Environmental and Biological Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Gumpendorfer Straße 1a - 166/4, A-1060, Vienna, Austria.
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mechanistic and Physiological Methods for Improved Bioprocesses, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria.
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27
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Ryder AG, Stedmon CA, Harrit N, Bro R. Calibration, standardization, and quantitative analysis of multidimensional fluorescence (MDF) measurements on complex mixtures (IUPAC Technical Report). PURE APPL CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2017-0610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
AbstractThis IUPAC Technical Report describes and compares the currently applied methods for the calibration and standardization of multi-dimensional fluorescence (MDF) spectroscopy data as well as recommendations on the correct use of chemometric methods for MDF data analysis. The paper starts with a brief description of the measurement principles for the most important MDF techniques and a short introduction to the most important applications. Recommendations are provided for instrument calibration, sample preparation and handling, and data collection, as well as the proper use of chemometric data analysis methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan G. Ryder
- Nanoscale Biophotonics Laboratory, School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Colin A. Stedmon
- National Institute for Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Kgs.Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Niels Harrit
- Nanoscience Center, H. C. Ørsted Institute, Universitetsparken 5, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Bro
- Department Food Science, Faculty of Life Sciences, University Copenhagen, DK-1958, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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28
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McGillicuddy N, Floris P, Albrecht S, Bones J. Examining the sources of variability in cell culture media used for biopharmaceutical production. Biotechnol Lett 2017; 40:5-21. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-017-2437-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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29
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Buckley K, Ryder AG. Applications of Raman Spectroscopy in Biopharmaceutical Manufacturing: A Short Review. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2017; 71:1085-1116. [PMID: 28534676 DOI: 10.1177/0003702817703270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The production of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) is currently undergoing its biggest transformation in a century. The changes are based on the rapid and dramatic introduction of protein- and macromolecule-based drugs (collectively known as biopharmaceuticals) and can be traced back to the huge investment in biomedical science (in particular in genomics and proteomics) that has been ongoing since the 1970s. Biopharmaceuticals (or biologics) are manufactured using biological-expression systems (such as mammalian, bacterial, insect cells, etc.) and have spawned a large (>€35 billion sales annually in Europe) and growing biopharmaceutical industry (BioPharma). The structural and chemical complexity of biologics, combined with the intricacy of cell-based manufacturing, imposes a huge analytical burden to correctly characterize and quantify both processes (upstream) and products (downstream). In small molecule manufacturing, advances in analytical and computational methods have been extensively exploited to generate process analytical technologies (PAT) that are now used for routine process control, leading to more efficient processes and safer medicines. In the analytical domain, biologic manufacturing is considerably behind and there is both a huge scope and need to produce relevant PAT tools with which to better control processes, and better characterize product macromolecules. Raman spectroscopy, a vibrational spectroscopy with a number of useful properties (nondestructive, non-contact, robustness) has significant potential advantages in BioPharma. Key among them are intrinsically high molecular specificity, the ability to measure in water, the requirement for minimal (or no) sample pre-treatment, the flexibility of sampling configurations, and suitability for automation. Here, we review and discuss a representative selection of the more important Raman applications in BioPharma (with particular emphasis on mammalian cell culture). The review shows that the properties of Raman have been successfully exploited to deliver unique and useful analytical solutions, particularly for online process monitoring. However, it also shows that its inherent susceptibility to fluorescence interference and the weakness of the Raman effect mean that it can never be a panacea. In particular, Raman-based methods are intrinsically limited by the chemical complexity and wide analyte-concentration-profiles of cell culture media/bioprocessing broths which limit their use for quantitative analysis. Nevertheless, with appropriate foreknowledge of these limitations and good experimental design, robust analytical methods can be produced. In addition, new technological developments such as time-resolved detectors, advanced lasers, and plasmonics offer potential of new Raman-based methods to resolve existing limitations and/or provide new analytical insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Buckley
- Nanoscale Biophotonics Laboratory, School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland - Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Alan G Ryder
- Nanoscale Biophotonics Laboratory, School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland - Galway, Galway, Ireland
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30
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Trunfio N, Lee H, Starkey J, Agarabi C, Liu J, Yoon S. Characterization of mammalian cell culture raw materials by combining spectroscopy and chemometrics. Biotechnol Prog 2017; 33:1127-1138. [PMID: 28393480 PMCID: PMC5573913 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Two of the primary issues with characterizing the variability of raw materials used in mammalian cell culture, such as wheat hydrolysate, is that the analyses of these materials can be time consuming, and the results of the analyses are not straightforward to interpret. To solve these issues, spectroscopy can be combined with chemometrics to provide a quick, robust and easy to understand methodology for the characterization of raw materials; which will improve cell culture performance by providing an assessment of the impact that a given raw material will have on final product quality. In this study, four spectroscopic technologies: near infrared spectroscopy, middle infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and fluorescence spectroscopy were used in conjunction with principal component analysis to characterize the variability of wheat hydrolysates, and to provide evidence that the classification of good and bad lots of raw material is possible. Then, the same spectroscopic platforms are combined with partial least squares regressions to quantitatively predict two cell culture critical quality attributes (CQA): integrated viable cell density and IgG titer. The results showed that near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy are capable of characterizing the wheat hydrolysate's chemical structure, with NIR performing slightly better; and that they can be used to estimate the raw materials' impact on the CQAs. These results were justified by demonstrating that of all the components present in the wheat hydrolysates, six amino acids: arginine, glycine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, isoleucine and threonine; and five trace elements: copper, phosphorus, molybdenum, arsenic and aluminum, had a large, statistically significant effect on the CQAs, and that NIR and fluorescence spectroscopy performed the best for characterizing the important amino acids. It was also found that the trace elements of interest were not characterized well by any of the spectral technologies used; however, the trace elements were also shown to have a less significant effect on the CQAs than the amino acids. © 2017 The Authors Biotechnology Progress published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Institute of Chemical Engineers, 33:1127-1138, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Trunfio
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA, USA
| | - Haewoo Lee
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA, USA
| | | | - Cyrus Agarabi
- Div. II, Office of Biotechnology Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, CDER, FDA, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Jay Liu
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Pukyung National University, Busan, Nam-Gu, Korea
| | - Seongkyu Yoon
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA, USA
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31
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Morelli L, Zór K, Jendresen CB, Rindzevicius T, Schmidt MS, Nielsen AT, Boisen A. Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering for Quantification of p-Coumaric Acid Produced by Escherichia coli. Anal Chem 2017; 89:3981-3987. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b04428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Morelli
- Department
of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Kinga Zór
- Department
of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Christian Bille Jendresen
- The
Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Tomas Rindzevicius
- Department
of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Michael Stenbæk Schmidt
- Department
of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Alex Toftgaard Nielsen
- The
Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Anja Boisen
- Department
of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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32
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Visualization and Non-Destructive Quantification of Inkjet-Printed Pharmaceuticals on Different Substrates Using Raman Spectroscopy and Raman Chemical Imaging. Pharm Res 2017; 34:1023-1036. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-017-2126-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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33
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Henry VA, Jessop JLP, Peeples TL. Differentiating Pseudomonas sp. strain ADP cells in suspensions and biofilms using Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 409:1441-1449. [PMID: 27942801 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-0077-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
High quality spectra of Pseudomonas sp. strain ADP in the planktonic and biofilm state were obtained using Raman microspectroscopy. These spectra enabled the identification of key differences between free and biofilm cells in the fingerprint region of Raman spectra in the nucleic acid, carbohydrate, and protein regions. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) enabled detailed visualization of ADP biofilm with confirmation of associated extracellular matrix structure. Following extraction and Raman analysis of extracellular polymeric substances, Raman spectral differences between free and biofilm cells were largely attributed to the contribution of extracellular matrix components produced in mature biofilms. Raman spectroscopy complemented with SEM proves to be useful in distinguishing physiological properties among cells of the same species. Graphical Abstract Raman spectroscopy complemented with SEM proves to be useful in distinguishing physiological properties among cells of the same species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria A Henry
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Iowa, 4133 Seamans Center, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Julie L P Jessop
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Iowa, 4133 Seamans Center, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Tonya L Peeples
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Iowa, 4133 Seamans Center, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
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34
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Claßen J, Aupert F, Reardon KF, Solle D, Scheper T. Spectroscopic sensors for in-line bioprocess monitoring in research and pharmaceutical industrial application. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 409:651-666. [PMID: 27900421 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-0068-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The use of spectroscopic sensors for bioprocess monitoring is a powerful tool within the process analytical technology (PAT) initiative of the US Food and Drug Administration. Spectroscopic sensors enable the simultaneous real-time bioprocess monitoring of various critical process parameters including biological, chemical, and physical variables during the entire biotechnological production process. This potential can be realized through the combination of spectroscopic measurements (UV/Vis spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy) with multivariate data analysis to obtain relevant process information out of an enormous amount of data. This review summarizes the newest results from science and industry after the establishment of the PAT initiative and gives a critical overview of the most common in-line spectroscopic techniques. Examples are provided of the wide range of possible applications in upstream processing and downstream processing of spectroscopic sensors for real-time monitoring to optimize productivity and ensure product quality in the pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Claßen
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz University of Hannover, Callinstraße 5, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Florian Aupert
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz University of Hannover, Callinstraße 5, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kenneth F Reardon
- Department of Chemical Biological Engineering, Colorado State University, 344 Scott Bioengineering, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80523-1370, USA
| | - Dörte Solle
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz University of Hannover, Callinstraße 5, 30167, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Thomas Scheper
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz University of Hannover, Callinstraße 5, 30167, Hannover, Germany
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35
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Prats Mateu B, Harreither E, Schosserer M, Puxbaum V, Gludovacz E, Borth N, Gierlinger N, Grillari J. Label-free live cell imaging by Confocal Raman Microscopy identifies CHO host and producer cell lines. Biotechnol J 2016; 12. [PMID: 27440252 PMCID: PMC5244663 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201600037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 07/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
As a possible viable and non-invasive method to identify high producing cells, Confocal Raman Microscopy was shown to be able to differentiate CHO host cell lines and derivative production clones. Cluster analysis of spectra and their derivatives was able to differentiate between different producer cell lines and a host, and also distinguished between an intracellular region of high lipid and protein content that in structure resembles the Endoplasmic Reticulum. This ability to identify the ER may be a major contributor to the identification of high producers. PCA enabled the discrimination even of host cell lines and their subclones with inherently higher production capacity. The method is thus a promising option that may contribute to early, non-invasive identification of high potential candidates during cell line development and possibly could also be used for proof of identity of established production clones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Batirtze Prats Mateu
- Institute of Physics and Materials Sciences, BOKU University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva Harreither
- Department of Biotechnology, BOKU University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Schosserer
- Department of Biotechnology, BOKU University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Verena Puxbaum
- ACIB Austrian Center of Industrial Biotechnology, Graz, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Gludovacz
- Department of Biotechnology, BOKU University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nicole Borth
- Department of Biotechnology, BOKU University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,ACIB Austrian Center of Industrial Biotechnology, Graz, Austria
| | - Notburga Gierlinger
- Institute of Physics and Materials Sciences, BOKU University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Grillari
- Department of Biotechnology, BOKU University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,ACIB Austrian Center of Industrial Biotechnology, Graz, Austria
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36
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Musmann C, Joeris K, Markert S, Solle D, Scheper T. Spectroscopic methods and their applicability for high-throughput characterization of mammalian cell cultures in automated cell culture systems. Eng Life Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201500122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Musmann
- Roche Diagnostics GmbH; Pharma Biotech Production and Development; Penzberg Germany
| | - Klaus Joeris
- Roche Diagnostics GmbH; Pharma Biotech Production and Development; Penzberg Germany
| | - Sven Markert
- Roche Diagnostics GmbH; Pharma Biotech Production and Development; Penzberg Germany
| | - Dörte Solle
- University of Hannover; Institute for Technical Chemistry; Hannover Germany
| | - Thomas Scheper
- University of Hannover; Institute for Technical Chemistry; Hannover Germany
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37
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Paul A, Carl P, Westad F, Voss JP, Maiwald M. Towards Process Spectroscopy in Complex Fermentation Samples and Mixtures. CHEM-ING-TECH 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.201500118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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38
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Kunert R, Reinhart D. Advances in recombinant antibody manufacturing. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:3451-61. [PMID: 26936774 PMCID: PMC4803805 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7388-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 02/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Since the first use of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells for recombinant protein expression, production processes have steadily improved through numerous advances. In this review, we have highlighted several key milestones that have contributed to the success of CHO cells from the beginning of their use for monoclonal antibody (mAb) expression until today. The main factors influencing the yield of a production process are the time to accumulate a desired amount of biomass, the process duration, and the specific productivity. By comparing maximum cell densities and specific growth rates of various expression systems, we have emphasized the limiting parameters of different cellular systems and comprehensively described scientific approaches and techniques to improve host cell lines. Besides the quantitative evaluation of current systems, the quality-determining properties of a host cell line, namely post-translational modifications, were analyzed and compared to naturally occurring polyclonal immunoglobulin fractions from human plasma. In summary, numerous different expression systems for mAbs are available and also under scientific investigation. However, CHO cells are the most frequently investigated cell lines and remain the workhorse for mAb production until today.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renate Kunert
- Vienna Institute of BioTechnology, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 11, 1190, Vienna, Austria.
| | - David Reinhart
- Vienna Institute of BioTechnology, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 11, 1190, Vienna, Austria
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39
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McElearney K, Ali A, Gilbert A, Kshirsagar R, Zang L. Tryptophan oxidation catabolite,N-formylkynurenine, in photo degraded cell culture medium results in reduced cell culture performance. Biotechnol Prog 2015; 32:74-82. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Revised: 10/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyle McElearney
- Cell Culture Development, Biogen; 225 Binney Street Cambridge MA 02142
| | - Amr Ali
- Cell Culture Development, Biogen; 225 Binney Street Cambridge MA 02142
| | - Alan Gilbert
- Cell Culture Development, Biogen; 225 Binney Street Cambridge MA 02142
| | - Rashmi Kshirsagar
- Cell Culture Development, Biogen; 225 Binney Street Cambridge MA 02142
| | - Li Zang
- Analytical Development, Biogen; 225 Binney Street Cambridge MA 02142
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40
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Mehdizadeh H, Lauri D, Karry KM, Moshgbar M, Procopio-Melino R, Drapeau D. Generic Raman-based calibration models enabling real-time monitoring of cell culture bioreactors. Biotechnol Prog 2015; 31:1004-13. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Revised: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - David Lauri
- Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Pfizer Inc.; Peapack NJ
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41
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Berry B, Moretto J, Matthews T, Smelko J, Wiltberger K. Cross-scale predictive modeling of CHO cell culture growth and metabolites using Raman spectroscopy and multivariate analysis. Biotechnol Prog 2014; 31:566-77. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Revised: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Berry
- Cell Culture Development, Biogen Idec, Inc.; 14 Cambridge Center Cambridge MA 02142
| | - Justin Moretto
- Cell Culture Development, Biogen Idec, Inc.; 5000 Davis Drive Research Triangle Park NC 27709
| | - Thomas Matthews
- Cell Culture Development, Biogen Idec, Inc.; 5000 Davis Drive Research Triangle Park NC 27709
| | - John Smelko
- Cell Culture Development, Biogen Idec, Inc.; 5000 Davis Drive Research Triangle Park NC 27709
| | - Kelly Wiltberger
- Cell Culture Development, Biogen Idec, Inc.; 5000 Davis Drive Research Triangle Park NC 27709
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42
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Gómez de la Cuesta R, Goodacre R, Ashton L. Monitoring antibody aggregation in early drug development using Raman spectroscopy and perturbation-correlation moving windows. Anal Chem 2014; 86:11133-40. [PMID: 25329604 DOI: 10.1021/ac5038329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we demonstrate the sensitivity of two-dimensional perturbation-correlation moving windows (PCMW) to characterize conformational transitions in antibodies. An understanding of how physiochemical properties affect protein stability and instigate aggregation is essential for the engineering of antibodies. In order to establish the potential of PCMW as a technique for early identification of aggregation mechanisms during antibody development, five antibodies with varying propensity to aggregate were compared. Raman spectra were acquired, using a 532 nm excitation wavelength as the protein samples were heated from 56 to 78 °C and analyzed with PCMW. Initial principal component analysis confirmed a trend between the observed spectral variations and increasing temperature for all five samples. Analysis using PCMW revealed that when spectral variations were directly related to temperature, distinct differences in conformational changes could be determined between samples related to protein stability, providing a greater understanding of the aggregation mechanisms of problematic antibody variants.
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43
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Calvet A, Ryder AG. Monitoring cell culture media degradation using surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy. Anal Chim Acta 2014; 840:58-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Revised: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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44
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Farrell A, McLoughlin N, Milne JJ, Marison IW, Bones J. Application of Multi-Omics Techniques for Bioprocess Design and Optimization in Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells. J Proteome Res 2014; 13:3144-59. [DOI: 10.1021/pr500219b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amy Farrell
- Characterisation
and Comparability Laboratory, NIBRT − The National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, Foster Avenue, Mount Merrion, Blackrock, Co. Dublin, Ireland
| | - Niaobh McLoughlin
- Characterisation
and Comparability Laboratory, NIBRT − The National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, Foster Avenue, Mount Merrion, Blackrock, Co. Dublin, Ireland
| | - John J. Milne
- Characterisation
and Comparability Laboratory, NIBRT − The National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, Foster Avenue, Mount Merrion, Blackrock, Co. Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ian W. Marison
- Laboratory
of Integrated Bioprocessing, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Jonathan Bones
- Characterisation
and Comparability Laboratory, NIBRT − The National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, Foster Avenue, Mount Merrion, Blackrock, Co. Dublin, Ireland
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45
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Application of spectroscopic methods for monitoring of bioprocesses and the implications for the manufacture of biologics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.4155/pbp.14.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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46
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Calvet A, Li B, Ryder AG. A rapid fluorescence based method for the quantitative analysis of cell culture media photo-degradation. Anal Chim Acta 2014; 807:111-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Revised: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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47
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Li B, Shanahan M, Calvet A, Leister KJ, Ryder AG. Comprehensive, quantitative bioprocess productivity monitoring using fluorescence EEM spectroscopy and chemometrics. Analyst 2014; 139:1661-71. [DOI: 10.1039/c4an00007b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Using fluorescence excitation-emission matrix spectroscopy and chemometric methods we demonstrate an effective and rapid method for quantitative monitoring of a mammalian cell culture based manufacturing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyan Li
- Nanoscale Biophotonics Laboratory
- School of Chemistry
- National University of Ireland
- Galway, Ireland
| | - Michael Shanahan
- Nanoscale Biophotonics Laboratory
- School of Chemistry
- National University of Ireland
- Galway, Ireland
| | - Amandine Calvet
- Nanoscale Biophotonics Laboratory
- School of Chemistry
- National University of Ireland
- Galway, Ireland
| | - Kirk J. Leister
- Bristol-Myers Squibb
- Process Analytical Sciences
- Syracuse, USA
| | - Alan G. Ryder
- Nanoscale Biophotonics Laboratory
- School of Chemistry
- National University of Ireland
- Galway, Ireland
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48
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Li B, Ray BH, Leister KJ, Ryder AG. Performance monitoring of a mammalian cell based bioprocess using Raman spectroscopy. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 796:84-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.07.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Revised: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/28/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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49
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Hakemeyer C, Strauss U, Werz S, Folque F, Menezes JC. Near-infrared and two-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy monitoring of monoclonal antibody fermentation media quality: Aged media decreases cell growth. Biotechnol J 2013; 8:835-46. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201200355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2012] [Revised: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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50
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Pieters S, Vander Heyden Y, Roger JM, D'Hondt M, Hansen L, Palagos B, De Spiegeleer B, Remon JP, Vervaet C, De Beer T. Raman spectroscopy and multivariate analysis for the rapid discrimination between native-like and non-native states in freeze-dried protein formulations. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2013; 85:263-71. [PMID: 23665447 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2013.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Revised: 03/29/2013] [Accepted: 03/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates whether Raman spectroscopy combined with multivariate analysis (MVA) enables a rapid and direct differentiation between two classes of conformational states, i.e., native-like and non-native proteins, in freeze-dried formulations. A data set comprising of 99 spectra, both from native-like and various types of non-native freeze-dried protein formulations, was obtained by freeze-drying lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) as model protein under various conditions. Changes in the secondary structure in the solid freeze-dried proteins were determined through visual interpretation of the blank corrected second derivative amide I band in the ATR-FTIR spectra (further called FTIR spectra) and served as an independent reference to assign class labels. Exploratory analysis and supervised classification, using Principal Components Analysis (PCA) and Partial Least Squares - Linear Discriminant Analysis (PLS-LDA), respectively, revealed that Raman spectroscopy is with 95% accuracy able to correctly discriminate between native-like and non-native states in the tested freeze-dried LDH formulations. Backbone (i.e., amide III) and side chain sensitive spectral regions proved important for making the discrimination between both classes. As discrimination was not influenced by the spectral signals from the tested excipients, there was no need for blank corrections. The Raman model may allow direct and automated analysis of the investigated quality attribute, opening possibilities for a real time and in-line quality indication as a future step. However, the sensitivity of the method should be further investigated and where possible improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigrid Pieters
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel - VUB, Brussels, Belgium
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