1
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Islam MS, Molley TG, Hung TT, Sathish CI, Putra VDL, Jalandhra GK, Ireland J, Li Y, Yi J, Kruzic JJ, Kilian KA. Magnetic Nanofibrous Hydrogels for Dynamic Control of Stem Cell Differentiation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37643902 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c07021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix in tissue consists of complex heterogeneous soft materials with hierarchical structure and dynamic mechanical properties dictating cell and tissue level function. In many natural matrices, there are nanofibrous structures that serve to guide cell activity and dictate the form and function of tissue. Synthetic hydrogels with integrated nanofibers can mimic the structural properties of native tissue; however, model systems with dynamic mechanical properties remain elusive. Here we demonstrate modular nanofibrous hydrogels that can be reversibly stiffened in response to applied magnetic fields. Iron oxide nanoparticles were incorporated into gelatin nanofibers through electrospinning, followed by chemical stabilization and fragmentation. These magnetoactive nanofibers can be mixed with virtually any hydrogel material and reversibly stiffen the matrix at a low fiber content (≤3%). In contrast to previous work, where a large quantity of magnetic material disallowed cell encapsulation, the low nanofiber content allows matrix stiffening with cells in 3D. Using adipose derived stem cells, we show how nanofibrous matrices are beneficial for both osteogenesis and adipogenesis, where stiffening the hydrogel with applied magnetic fields enhances osteogenesis while discouraging adipogenesis. Skeletal myoblast progenitors were used as a model of tissue morphogenesis with matrix stiffening augmenting myogenesis and multinucleated myotube formation. The ability to reversibly stiffen fibrous hydrogels through magnetic stimulation provides a useful tool for studying nanotopography and dynamic mechanics in cell culture, with a scope for stimuli responsive materials for tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Shariful Islam
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Thomas G Molley
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Tzong-Tyng Hung
- Biological Resources Imaging Laboratory, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - C I Sathish
- School of Engineering, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia
| | - Vina D L Putra
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Gagan K Jalandhra
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Jake Ireland
- School of Chemistry, Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Yancheng Li
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Jiabao Yi
- School of Engineering, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia
| | - Jamie J Kruzic
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Kristopher A Kilian
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
- School of Chemistry, Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
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2
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Alheib O, da Silva LP, Kwon IK, Reis RL, Correlo VM. Preclinical research studies for treating severe muscular injuries: focus on tissue-engineered strategies. Trends Biotechnol 2022; 41:632-652. [PMID: 36266101 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2022.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Severe skeletal muscle injuries are a lifelong trauma with limited medical solutions. Significant progress has been made in developing in vitro surrogates for treating such trauma. However, more attention is needed when translating these approaches to the clinic. In this review, we survey the potential of tissue-engineered surrogates in promoting muscle healing, by critically analyzing data from recent preclinical models. The therapeutic advantages provided by a combination of different biomaterials, cell types, and biochemical mediators are discussed. Current therapies on muscle healing are also summarized, emphasizing their main advantages and drawbacks. We also discuss previous and ongoing clinical trials as well as highlighting future directions for the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Alheib
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Lucília P da Silva
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - Il Keun Kwon
- Department of Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Rui L Reis
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal; Department of Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Vitor M Correlo
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
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3
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Myocyte Culture with Decellularized Skeletal Muscle Sheet with Observable Interaction with the Extracellular Matrix. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9070309. [PMID: 35877360 PMCID: PMC9311603 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9070309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In skeletal muscles, muscle fibers are highly organized and bundled within the basement membrane. Several microfabricated substrate models have failed to mimic the macrostructure of native muscle, including various extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. Therefore, we developed and evaluated a system using decellularized muscle tissue and mouse myoblasts C2C12 to analyze the interaction between native ECM and myocytes. Chicken skeletal muscle was sliced into sheets and decellularized to prepare decellularized skeletal muscle sheets (DSMS). C2C12 was then seeded and differentiated on DSMS. Immunostaining for ECM molecules was performed to examine the relationship between myoblast adhesion status, myotube orientation, and collagen IV orientation. Myotube survival in long-term culture was confirmed by calcein staining. C2C12 myoblasts adhered to scaffolds in DSMS and developed adhesion plaques and filopodia. Furthermore, C2C12 myotubes showed orientation along the ECM orientation within DSMS. Compared to plastic dishes, detachment was less likely to occur on DSMS, and long-term incubation was possible. This culture technique reproduces a cell culture environment reflecting the properties of living skeletal muscle, thereby allowing studies on the interaction between the ECM and myocytes.
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4
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Mubarok W, Elvitigala KCML, Sakai S. Tuning Myogenesis by Controlling Gelatin Hydrogel Properties through Hydrogen Peroxide-Mediated Cross-Linking and Degradation. Gels 2022; 8:387. [PMID: 35735731 PMCID: PMC9223222 DOI: 10.3390/gels8060387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Engineering skeletal muscle tissue in vitro is important to study the mechanism of myogenesis, which is crucial for regenerating muscle cells. The physicochemical properties of the cellular microenvironment are known to govern various cell behaviours. Yet, most studies utilised synthetic materials to model the extracellular matrix that suffers from cytotoxicity to the cells. We have previously reported that the physicochemical property of hydrogels obtained from horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-catalysed cross-linking could be controlled by a simple adjustment to the exposure time to air containing H2O2. In this study, we evaluated the influence of physicochemical properties dynamics in the gelatin possessing phenol groups (Gelatin-Ph) hydrogel to regulate the myogenesis in vitro. We controlled the Young's modulus of the Gelatin-Ph hydrogel by tuning the air containing 16 ppm H2O2 exposure time for 15-60 min. Additionally, prolonged exposure to air containing H2O2 also induced Gelatin-Ph degradation. Myoblasts showed higher adhesion and myotube formation on stiff hydrogel (3.53 kPa) fabricated through 30 min of exposure to air containing H2O2 compared to those on softer hydrogel (0.77-2.79 kPa) fabricated through 15, 45, and 60 min of the exposure. These results demonstrate that the myogenesis can be tuned by changes in the physicochemical properties of Gelatin-Ph hydrogel mediated by H2O2.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shinji Sakai
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka 560-8531, Japan; (W.M.); (K.C.M.L.E.)
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5
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Jesus D, Pinho AR, Gomes MC, Oliveira CS, Mano JF. Emerging modulators for osteogenic differentiation: a combination of chemical and topographical cues for bone microenvironment engineering. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:3107-3119. [PMID: 35373803 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm00009a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Bone presents an intrinsic ability for self-regeneration and repair, however critical defects and large fractures require invasive and time-consuming clinical interventions. As an alternative to current therapy, bone tissue engineering (BTE) has primarily aimed to recreate the bone microenvironment by delivering key biomolecules and/or by modification of scaffolds to guide cell fate towards the osteogenic lineage or other phenotypes that may benefit the bone regeneration mechanism. Considering that bone cells communicate, in their native microenvironment, through biochemical and physical signals, most strategies fail when considering only chemical, geometrical or mechanical cues. This is not representative of the physiological conditions, where the cells are simultaneously in contact and stimulated by several cues. Therefore, this review explores the synergistic effect of biochemical/physical cues in regulating cellular events, namely cell adhesion, proliferation, osteogenic differentiation, and mineralization, highlighting the importance of the combined modifications for the development of innovative bone regenerative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Jesus
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Ana R Pinho
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Maria C Gomes
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Cláudia S Oliveira
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - João F Mano
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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6
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Hörner SJ, Couturier N, Bruch R, Koch P, Hafner M, Rudolf R. hiPSC-Derived Schwann Cells Influence Myogenic Differentiation in Neuromuscular Cocultures. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123292. [PMID: 34943800 PMCID: PMC8699767 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Motoneurons, skeletal muscle fibers, and Schwann cells form synapses, termed neuromuscular junctions (NMJs). These control voluntary body movement and are affected in numerous neuromuscular diseases. Therefore, a variety of NMJ in vitro models have been explored to enable mechanistic and pharmacological studies. So far, selective integration of Schwann cells in these models has been hampered, due to technical limitations. Here we present robust protocols for derivation of Schwann cells from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) and their coculture with hiPSC-derived motoneurons and C2C12 muscle cells. Upon differentiation with tuned BMP signaling, Schwann cells expressed marker proteins, S100b, Gap43, vimentin, and myelin protein zero. Furthermore, they displayed typical spindle-shaped morphologies with long processes, which often aligned with motoneuron axons. Inclusion of Schwann cells in coculture experiments with hiPSC-derived motoneurons and C2C12 myoblasts enhanced myotube growth and affected size and number of acetylcholine receptor plaques on myotubes. Altogether, these data argue for the availability of a consistent differentiation protocol for Schwann cells and their amenability for functional integration into neuromuscular in vitro models, fostering future studies of neuromuscular mechanisms and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Janice Hörner
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, 68163 Mannheim, Germany; (S.J.H.); (N.C.); (R.B.); (M.H.)
- Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nathalie Couturier
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, 68163 Mannheim, Germany; (S.J.H.); (N.C.); (R.B.); (M.H.)
| | - Roman Bruch
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, 68163 Mannheim, Germany; (S.J.H.); (N.C.); (R.B.); (M.H.)
| | - Philipp Koch
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, 68159 Mannheim, Germany;
- Hector Institute for Translational Brain Research (HITBR gGmbH), 68159 Mannheim, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mathias Hafner
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, 68163 Mannheim, Germany; (S.J.H.); (N.C.); (R.B.); (M.H.)
- Institute of Medical Technology, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences and Heidelberg University, 68163 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Rudolf
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, 68163 Mannheim, Germany; (S.J.H.); (N.C.); (R.B.); (M.H.)
- Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Medical Technology, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences and Heidelberg University, 68163 Mannheim, Germany
- Correspondence:
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7
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Fralish Z, Lotz EM, Chavez T, Khodabukus A, Bursac N. Neuromuscular Development and Disease: Learning From in vitro and in vivo Models. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:764732. [PMID: 34778273 PMCID: PMC8579029 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.764732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is a specialized cholinergic synaptic interface between a motor neuron and a skeletal muscle fiber that translates presynaptic electrical impulses into motor function. NMJ formation and maintenance require tightly regulated signaling and cellular communication among motor neurons, myogenic cells, and Schwann cells. Neuromuscular diseases (NMDs) can result in loss of NMJ function and motor input leading to paralysis or even death. Although small animal models have been instrumental in advancing our understanding of the NMJ structure and function, the complexities of studying this multi-tissue system in vivo and poor clinical outcomes of candidate therapies developed in small animal models has driven the need for in vitro models of functional human NMJ to complement animal studies. In this review, we discuss prevailing models of NMDs and highlight the current progress and ongoing challenges in developing human iPSC-derived (hiPSC) 3D cell culture models of functional NMJs. We first review in vivo development of motor neurons, skeletal muscle, Schwann cells, and the NMJ alongside current methods for directing the differentiation of relevant cell types from hiPSCs. We further compare the efficacy of modeling NMDs in animals and human cell culture systems in the context of five NMDs: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, myasthenia gravis, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, myotonic dystrophy, and Pompe disease. Finally, we discuss further work necessary for hiPSC-derived NMJ models to function as effective personalized NMD platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Fralish
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Ethan M Lotz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Taylor Chavez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Alastair Khodabukus
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Nenad Bursac
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
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8
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Vilen Z, Joeh E, Critcher M, Parker CG, Huang ML. Proximity Tagging Identifies the Glycan-Mediated Glycoprotein Interactors of Galectin-1 in Muscle Stem Cells. ACS Chem Biol 2021; 16:1994-2003. [PMID: 34181849 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.1c00313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Myogenic differentiation, the irreversible developmental process where precursor myoblast muscle stem cells become contractile myotubes, is heavily regulated by glycosylation and glycan-protein interactions at the cell surface and the extracellular matrix. The glycan-binding protein galectin-1 has been found to be a potent activator of myogenic differentiation. While it is being explored as a potential therapeutic for muscle repair, a precise understanding of its glycoprotein interactors is lacking. These gaps are due in part to the difficulties of capturing glycan-protein interactions in live cells. Here, we demonstrate the use of a proximity tagging strategy coupled with quantitative mass-spectrometry-based proteomics to capture, enrich, and identify the glycan-mediated glycoprotein interactors of galectin-1 in cultured live mouse myoblasts. Our interactome dataset can serve as a resource to aid the determination of mechanisms through which galectin-1 promotes myogenic differentiation. Moreover, it can also facilitate the determination of the physiological glycoprotein counter-receptors of galectin-1. Indeed, we identify several known and novel glycan-mediated ligands of galectin-1 as well as validate that galectin-1 binds the native CD44 glycoprotein in a glycan-mediated manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zak Vilen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, 120 Scripps Way, Jupiter, Florida 33458-5284, United States
| | - Eugene Joeh
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, 120 Scripps Way, Jupiter, Florida 33458-5284, United States
| | - Meg Critcher
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, 120 Scripps Way, Jupiter, Florida 33458-5284, United States
| | - Christopher G. Parker
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, 120 Scripps Way, Jupiter, Florida 33458-5284, United States
| | - Mia L. Huang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, 120 Scripps Way, Jupiter, Florida 33458-5284, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, 120 Scripps Way, Jupiter, Florida 33458-5284, United States
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9
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Campiglio CE, Carcano A, Draghi L. RGD-pectin microfiber patches for guiding muscle tissue regeneration. J Biomed Mater Res A 2021; 110:515-524. [PMID: 34423891 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Opportunely arranged microscaled fibers offer an attractive 3D architecture for tissue regeneration as they may enhance and stimulate specific tissue regrowth. Among different scaffolding options, encapsulating cells in degradable hydrogel microfibers appears as particularly attractive strategy. Hydrogel patches, in fact, offer a highly hydrated environment, allow easy incorporation of biologically active molecules, and can easily adapt to implantation site. In addition, microfiber architecture is intrinsically porous and can improve mass transport, vascularization, and cell survival after grafting. Anionic polysaccharides, as pectin or the more popular alginate, represent a particularly promising choice for the fabrication of cell-laden patches, due to their extremely mild gelation in the presence of divalent ions and widely accepted biocompatibility. In this study, to combine the favorable properties of hydrogel and fibrous architecture, a simple coaxial flow wet-spinning system was used to prepare cell-laden, 3D fibrous patches using RGD-modified pectin. Rapid fabrication of coherent self-standing patches, with diameter in the range of 100-200 μm and high cell density, was possible by accurate choice of pectin and calcium ions concentrations. Cells were homogeneously dispersed throughout the microfibers and remained highly viable for up to 2 weeks, when the initial stage of myotubes formation was observed. Modified-pectin microfibers appear as promising scaffold to support muscle tissue regeneration, due to their inherent porosity, the favorable cell-material interaction, and the possibility to guide cell alignment toward a functional tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Emma Campiglio
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy.,INSTM-National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology, Local Unit Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Carcano
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenza Draghi
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy.,INSTM-National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology, Local Unit Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
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10
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Luttrell SM, Smith AST, Mack DL. Creating stem cell-derived neuromuscular junctions in vitro. Muscle Nerve 2021; 64:388-403. [PMID: 34328673 PMCID: PMC9292444 DOI: 10.1002/mus.27360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recent development of novel therapies has improved mobility and quality of life for people suffering from inheritable neuromuscular disorders. Despite this progress, the majority of neuromuscular disorders are still incurable, in part due to a lack of predictive models of neuromuscular junction (NMJ) breakdown. Improvement of predictive models of a human NMJ would be transformative in terms of expanding our understanding of the mechanisms that underpin development, maintenance, and disease, and as a testbed with which to evaluate novel therapeutics. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are emerging as a clinically relevant and non‐invasive cell source to create human NMJs to study synaptic development and maturation, as well as disease modeling and drug discovery. This review will highlight the recent advances and remaining challenges to generating an NMJ capable of eliciting contraction of stem cell‐derived skeletal muscle in vitro. We explore the advantages and shortcomings of traditional NMJ culturing platforms, as well as the pioneering technologies and novel, biomimetic culturing systems currently in use to guide development and maturation of the neuromuscular synapse and extracellular microenvironment. Then, we will explore how this NMJ‐in‐a‐dish can be used to study normal assembly and function of the efferent portion of the neuromuscular arc, and how neuromuscular disease‐causing mutations disrupt structure, signaling, and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn M Luttrell
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Alec S T Smith
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - David L Mack
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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11
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Laird NZ, Acri TM, Chakka JL, Quarterman JC, Malkawi WI, Elangovan S, Salem AK. Applications of nanotechnology in 3D printed tissue engineering scaffolds. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2021; 161:15-28. [PMID: 33549706 PMCID: PMC7969465 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2021.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Tissue engineering is an interdisciplinary field that aims to combine life sciences and engineering to create therapies that regenerate functional tissue. Early work in tissue engineering mostly used materials as inert scaffolding structures, but research has shown that constructing scaffolds from biologically active materials can help with regeneration by enabling cell-scaffold interactions or release of factors that aid in regeneration. Three-dimensional (3D) printing is a promising technique for the fabrication of structurally intricate and compositionally complex tissue engineering scaffolds. Such scaffolds can be functionalized with techniques developed by nanotechnology research to further enhance their ability to stimulate regeneration and interact with cells. Nanotechnological components, nanoscale textures, and microscale/nanoscale printing can all be incorporated into the manufacture of 3D printed scaffolds. This review discusses recent advancements in the merging of nanotechnology with 3D printed tissue engineering scaffolds, with a focus on applications of nanoscale components, nanoscale texture, and innovative printing techniques and the effects observed in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah Z Laird
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Timothy M Acri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Jaidev L Chakka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Juliana C Quarterman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Walla I Malkawi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Satheesh Elangovan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Aliasger K Salem
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
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12
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Gupta D, Santoso JW, McCain ML. Characterization of Gelatin Hydrogels Cross-Linked with Microbial Transglutaminase as Engineered Skeletal Muscle Substrates. Bioengineering (Basel) 2021; 8:bioengineering8010006. [PMID: 33418892 PMCID: PMC7825108 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering8010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Engineered in vitro models of skeletal muscle are essential for efficiently screening drug safety and efficacy. However, conventional culture substrates poorly replicate physical features of native muscle and do not support long-term culture, which limits tissue maturity. Micromolded gelatin hydrogels cross-linked with microbial transglutaminase (gelatin-MTG hydrogels) have previously been shown to induce C21C2 myotube alignment and improve culture longevity. However, several properties of gelatin-MTG hydrogels have not been systematically characterized, such as changes in elastic modulus during incubation in culture-like conditions and their ability to support sarcomere maturation. In this study, various gelatin-MTG hydrogels were fabricated and incubated in ambient or culture-like conditions. Elastic modulus, mass, and transmittance were measured over a one- or two-week period. Compared to hydrogels in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) or ambient air, hydrogels in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) and 5% CO2 demonstrated the most stable elastic modulus. A subset of gelatin-MTG hydrogels was micromolded and seeded with C2C12 or primary chick myoblasts, which aligned and fused into multinucleated myotubes with relatively mature sarcomeres. These data are important for fabricating gelatin-MTG hydrogels with predictable and stable mechanical properties and highlight their advantages as culture substrates for engineering relatively mature and stable muscle tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Gupta
- Laboratory for Living Systems Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, 1042 Downey Way, DRB 140, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; (D.G.); (J.W.S.)
| | - Jeffrey W. Santoso
- Laboratory for Living Systems Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, 1042 Downey Way, DRB 140, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; (D.G.); (J.W.S.)
| | - Megan L. McCain
- Laboratory for Living Systems Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, 1042 Downey Way, DRB 140, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; (D.G.); (J.W.S.)
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1975 Zonal Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- Correspondence:
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Kessel B, Lee M, Bonato A, Tinguely Y, Tosoratti E, Zenobi‐Wong M. 3D Bioprinting of Macroporous Materials Based on Entangled Hydrogel Microstrands. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:2001419. [PMID: 32999847 PMCID: PMC7509724 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202001419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogels are excellent mimetics of mammalian extracellular matrices and have found widespread use in tissue engineering. Nanoporosity of monolithic bulk hydrogels, however, limits mass transport of key biomolecules. Microgels used in 3D bioprinting achieve both custom shape and vastly improved permissivity to an array of cell functions, however spherical-microbead-based bioinks are challenging to upscale, are inherently isotropic, and require secondary crosslinking. Here, bioinks based on high-aspect-ratio hydrogel microstrands are introduced to overcome these limitations. Pre-crosslinked, bulk hydrogels are deconstructed into microstrands by sizing through a grid with apertures of 40-100 µm. The microstrands are moldable and form a porous, entangled structure, stable in aqueous medium without further crosslinking. Entangled microstrands have rheological properties characteristic of excellent bioinks for extrusion bioprinting. Furthermore, individual microstrands align during extrusion and facilitate the alignment of myotubes. Cells can be placed either inside or outside the hydrogel phase with >90% viability. Chondrocytes co-printed with the microstrands deposit abundant extracellular matrix, resulting in a modulus increase from 2.7 to 780.2 kPa after 6 weeks of culture. This powerful approach to deconstruct bulk hydrogels into advanced bioinks is both scalable and versatile, representing an important toolbox for 3D bioprinting of architected hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Kessel
- Department of Health Sciences and TechnologyHPL J 22Otto‐Stern‐Weg 7Zürich8093Switzerland
| | - Mihyun Lee
- Department of Health Sciences and TechnologyHPL J 22Otto‐Stern‐Weg 7Zürich8093Switzerland
| | - Angela Bonato
- Department of Health Sciences and TechnologyHPL J 22Otto‐Stern‐Weg 7Zürich8093Switzerland
| | - Yann Tinguely
- Department of Health Sciences and TechnologyHPL J 22Otto‐Stern‐Weg 7Zürich8093Switzerland
| | - Enrico Tosoratti
- Department of Health Sciences and TechnologyHPL J 22Otto‐Stern‐Weg 7Zürich8093Switzerland
| | - Marcy Zenobi‐Wong
- Department of Health Sciences and TechnologyHPL J 22Otto‐Stern‐Weg 7Zürich8093Switzerland
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Abstract
Organs-on-chips are broadly defined as microfabricated surfaces or devices designed to engineer cells into microscale tissues with native-like features and then extract physiologically relevant readouts at scale. Because they are generally compatible with patient-derived cells, these technologies can address many of the human relevance limitations of animal models. As a result, organs-on-chips have emerged as a promising new paradigm for patient-specific disease modeling and drug development. Because neuromuscular diseases span a broad range of rare conditions with diverse etiology and complex pathophysiology, they have been especially challenging to model in animals and thus are well suited for organ-on-chip approaches. In this Review, we first briefly summarize the challenges in neuromuscular disease modeling with animal models. Next, we describe a variety of existing organ-on-chip approaches for neuromuscular tissues, including a survey of cell sources for both muscle and nerve, and two- and three-dimensional neuromuscular tissue-engineering techniques. Although researchers have made tremendous advances in modeling neuromuscular diseases on a chip, the remaining challenges in cell sourcing, cell maturity, tissue assembly and readout capabilities limit their integration into the drug development pipeline today. However, as the field advances, models of healthy and diseased neuromuscular tissues on a chip, coupled with animal models, have vast potential as complementary tools for modeling multiple aspects of neuromuscular diseases and identifying new therapeutic strategies. Summary: Modeling neuromuscular diseases is challenging due to their complex etiology and pathophysiology. Here, we review the cell sources and tissue-engineering procedures that are being integrated as emerging neuromuscular disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey W Santoso
- Laboratory for Living Systems Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, USC Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Megan L McCain
- Laboratory for Living Systems Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, USC Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA .,Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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Mertgen AS, Trossmann VT, Guex AG, Maniura-Weber K, Scheibel T, Rottmar M. Multifunctional Biomaterials: Combining Material Modification Strategies for Engineering of Cell-Contacting Surfaces. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:21342-21367. [PMID: 32286789 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c01893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
In the human body, cells in a tissue are exposed to signals derived from their specific extracellular matrix (ECM), such as architectural structure, mechanical properties, and chemical composition (proteins, growth factors). Research on biomaterials in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine aims to recreate such stimuli using engineered materials to induce a specific response of cells at the interface. Although traditional biomaterials design has been mostly limited to varying individual signals, increasing interest has arisen on combining several features in recent years to improve the mimicry of extracellular matrix properties. Tremendous progress in combinatorial surface modification exploiting, for example, topographical features or variations in mechanics combined with biochemical cues has enabled the identification of their key regulatory characteristics on various cell fate decisions. Gradients especially facilitated such research by enabling the investigation of combined continuous changes of different signals. Despite unravelling important synergies for cellular responses, challenges arise in terms of fabrication and characterization of multifunctional engineered materials. This review summarizes recent work on combinatorial surface modifications that aim to control biological responses. Modification and characterization methods for enhanced control over multifunctional material properties are highlighted and discussed. Thereby, this review deepens the understanding and knowledge of biomimetic combinatorial material modification, their challenges but especially their potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Sophie Mertgen
- Laboratory for Biointerfaces, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, St. Gallen 9014, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Biomimetic Membranes and Textiles, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, St. Gallen 9014, Switzerland
| | - Vanessa Tanja Trossmann
- Lehrstuhl für Biomaterialien, Universität Bayreuth, Prof.-Rüdiger-Bormann-Strasse 1, Bayreuth 95440, Germany
| | - Anne Géraldine Guex
- Laboratory for Biointerfaces, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, St. Gallen 9014, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Biomimetic Membranes and Textiles, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, St. Gallen 9014, Switzerland
| | - Katharina Maniura-Weber
- Laboratory for Biointerfaces, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, St. Gallen 9014, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Scheibel
- Lehrstuhl für Biomaterialien, Bayerisches Polymerinstitut (BPI), Bayreuther Zentrum für Kolloide und Grenzflächen (BZKG), Bayreuther Zentrum für Molekulare Biowissenschaften (BZMB), Bayreuther Materialzentrum (BayMAT), Universität Bayreuth, Bayreuth 95440, Germany
| | - Markus Rottmar
- Laboratory for Biointerfaces, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, St. Gallen 9014, Switzerland
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Asheghali D, Lee SJ, Furchner A, Gruzd A, Larson S, Tokarev A, Stake S, Zhou X, Hinrichs K, Zhang LG, Minko S. Enhanced neuronal differentiation of neural stem cells with mechanically enhanced touch-spun nanofibrous scaffolds. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2020; 24:102152. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2020.102152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Mao W, Lee S, Kim SR, Kim KN, Yoo HS. Electrospun nanohybrid hydrogels for enhanced differentiation of myoblasts. J IND ENG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2019.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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18
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Yeo M, Kim G. Nano/microscale topographically designed alginate/PCL scaffolds for inducing myoblast alignment and myogenic differentiation. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 223:115041. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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A customizable microfluidic platform for medium-throughput modeling of neuromuscular circuits. Biomaterials 2019; 225:119537. [PMID: 31614290 PMCID: PMC7294901 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Neuromuscular circuits (NMCs) are vital for voluntary movement, and effective models of NMCs are needed to understand the pathogenesis of, as well as to identify effective treatments for, multiple diseases, including Duchenne’s muscular dystrophy and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Microfluidics are ideal for recapitulating the central and peripheral compartments of NMCs, but myotubes often detach before functional NMCs are formed. In addition, microfluidic systems are often limited to a single experimental unit, which significantly limits their application in disease modeling and drug discovery. Here, we developed a microfluidic platform (MFP) containing over 100 experimental units, making it suitable for medium-throughput applications. To overcome detachment, we incorporated a reactive polymer surface allowing customization of the environment to culture different cell types. Using this approach, we identified conditions that enable long-term co-culture of human motor neurons and myotubes differentiated from human induced pluripotent stem cells inside our MFP. Optogenetics demonstrated the formation of functional NMCs. Furthermore, we developed a novel application of the rabies tracing assay to efficiently identify NMCs in our MFP. Therefore, our MFP enables large-scale generation and quantification of functional NMCs for disease modeling and pharmacological drug targeting.
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Chen CH, Tsai CC, Wu PT, Wang IK, Yu J, Tsai WB. Modulation of Neural Differentiation through Submicron-Grooved Topography Surface with Modified Polydopamine. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2018; 2:205-216. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.8b00556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Hung Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Roosevelt Rd., Sec. 4, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Cheng Tsai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Roosevelt Rd., Sec. 4, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Po-Ting Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Roosevelt Rd., Sec. 4, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Ing-Kae Wang
- Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, No. 195, Chung Hsing Rd., Sec. 4, Hsinchu 310, Taiwan
| | - Jiashing Yu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Roosevelt Rd., Sec. 4, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Bor Tsai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Roosevelt Rd., Sec. 4, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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Margolis G, Polyak B, Cohen S. Magnetic Induction of Multiscale Anisotropy in Macroporous Alginate Scaffolds. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:7314-7322. [PMID: 30380888 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b03514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Nano- and microscale topographical cues have become recognized as major regulators of cell growth, migration, and phenotype. In tissue engineering, the complex and anisotropic architecture of culture platforms is aimed to imitate the high degree of spatial organization of the extracellular matrix and basement membrane components. Here, we developed a method of creating a novel, magnetically aligned, three-dimensional (3D) tissue culture matrix with three distinct classes of anisotropy-surface topography, microstructure, and physical properties. Alginate-stabilized magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) were added to a cross-linked alginate solution, and an external magnetic field of about 2400 G was applied during freezing to form the aligned macroporous scaffold structure. The resultant scaffold exhibited anisotropic topographic features on the submicron scale, the directionality of the pore shape, and increased scaffold stiffness in the direction of magnetic alignment. These scaffold features were modulated by an alteration in the impregnated MNP size and concentration, as quantified by electron microscopy, advanced image processing analyses, and rheological methods. Mouse myoblasts (C2C12) cultured on the magnetically aligned scaffolds, demonstrated co-oriented morphology in the direction of the magnetic alignment. In summary, magnetic alignment introduces several degrees of anisotropy in the scaffold structure, providing diverse mechanical cues that can affect seeded cells and further tissue development. Multiscale anisotropy together with the capability of the MNP-containing alginate scaffolds to undergo reversible shape deformation in an oscillating magnetic field creates interesting opportunities for multifarious stimulation of cells and functional tissue development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gal Margolis
- Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering , Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer-Sheva 8410501 , Israel
| | - Boris Polyak
- Department of Surgery, Pharmacology, and Physiology , Drexel University , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19102 , United States
| | - Smadar Cohen
- Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering , Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer-Sheva 8410501 , Israel
- The Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology , Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer-Sheva 8410501 , Israel
- Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell (RMSC) Research Center , Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer-Sheva 8410501 , Israel
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Fabrication of Micromolded Gelatin Hydrogels for Long-Term Culture of Aligned Skeletal Myotubes. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1668:147-163. [PMID: 28842908 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7283-8_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Cultured skeletal myotubes are a powerful in vitro system for identifying mechanisms of skeletal muscle development and disease. However, skeletal myotubes routinely delaminate from conventional culture substrates after approximately 1 week, which significantly hampers their utility for in vitro disease modeling and drug screening. To address this problem, we fabricated micromolded gelatin hydrogels as culture substrates that are more biomimetic than conventional substrates. On micromolded gelatin hydrogels, C2C12 skeletal myoblasts align and differentiate into skeletal myotubes that are stable in culture for multiple weeks. With this protocol, we detail three key steps: (1) Fabrication of micromolded gelatin hydrogels; (2) Culture of mouse C2C12 myoblasts and differentiation into myotubes; and (3) Quantification of myotube morphology. These substrates have many applications for skeletal muscle disease modeling and drug screening over longer time scales.
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Wongin S, Waikakul S, Chotiyarnwong P, Siriwatwechakul W, Kino-Oka M, Kim MH, Viravaidya-Pasuwat K. Maintenance of human chondrogenic phenotype on a dendrimer-immobilized surface for an application of cell sheet engineering. BMC Biotechnol 2018. [PMID: 29540167 PMCID: PMC5853058 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-018-0426-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dedifferentiation of chondrocytes during cell expansion is one of the barriers in tissue construction for cartilage repair. To understand chondrocyte behavior and improve cell expansion in monolayer culture, this study investigated the effects of morphological changes and cellular aggregation on the maintenance of chondrogenic capacity by observing the expression patterns of chondrogenic (collagen type II and aggrecan) and dedifferentiation (collagen type I) markers. Primary human chondrocytes were cultured on either a polystyrene surface (PS) or a polyamidoamine dendrimer surface with a fifth-generation (G5) dendron structure to create a one-step process of cell expansion and the maintenance of chondrogenic activities prior to the construction of cell sheets. RESULTS During the first two passages (P0 - P2), the relative mRNA level of collagen type II decreased in all cultures, while that of collagen type I increased. Remarkably, the level of collagen type II was higher and aggrecan was retained in the chondrocytes, forming cell aggregates and showing some round-shaped cells with less production of stress fibers on the G5 surface compared to fibroblast-like chondrocytes with abundant stress fibers on the PS surface. The numbers of P2 chondrocytes on the G5 and PS surfaces were nearly the same and sufficient for construction of chondrocyte sheets using a temperature-responsive plate. Without a supporting material during cell sheet manipulation, chondrocyte sheets spontaneously detached and exhibited a honeycomb-like structure of stress fibers. Unlike the chondrocyte sheets constructed from cells on the PS surface, the chondrocyte sheets from cells on the G5 surface had higher chondrogenic activities, as evidenced by the high expression of chondrogenic markers and the low expression of dedifferentiation markers. CONCLUSIONS The one-step process of cell expansion and maintenance of chondrogenic activity could be obtained using the G5 surface. Human chondrocyte sheets were successfully constructed with high chondrogenic activity. These findings may lead to an alternative cultivation technique for human chondrocytes that offers high clinical potential in autologous chondrocyte implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sopita Wongin
- Biological Engineering Program, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, 10140, Thailand
| | - Saranatra Waikakul
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Pojchong Chotiyarnwong
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Wanwipa Siriwatwechakul
- School of Bio-Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, 12121, Thailand
| | - Masahiro Kino-Oka
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Mee-Hae Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kwanchanok Viravaidya-Pasuwat
- Biological Engineering Program, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, 10140, Thailand. .,Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, 10140, Thailand.
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Bibliography. Stem Cells 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-1-78548-254-0.50011-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Kim M, Kim W, Kim G. Topologically Micropatterned Collagen and Poly(ε-caprolactone) Struts Fabricated Using the Poly(vinyl alcohol) Fibrillation/Leaching Process To Develop Efficiently Engineered Skeletal Muscle Tissue. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:43459-43469. [PMID: 29171953 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b14192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Optimally designed three-dimensional (3D) biomedical scaffolds for skeletal muscle tissue regeneration pose significant research challenges. Currently, most studies on scaffolds focus on the two-dimensional (2D) surface structures that are patterned in the micro-/nanoscales with various repeating sizes and shapes to induce the alignment of myoblasts and myotube formation. The 2D patterned surface clearly provides effective analytical results of pattern size and shape of the myoblast alignment and differentiation. However, it is inconvenient in terms of the direct application for clinical usage due to the limited thickness and 3D shapeability. Hence, the present study suggests an innovative hydrogel or synthetic structure that consists of uniaxially surface-patterned cylindrical struts for skeleton muscle regeneration. The alignment of the pattern on the hydrogel (collagen) and poly(ε-caprolactone) struts was attained with the fibrillation of poly(vinyl alcohol) and the leaching process. Various cell culture results indicate that the C2C12 cells on the micropatterned collagen structure were fully aligned, and that a significantly high level of myotube formation was achieved when compared to the collagen structures that were not treated with the micropatterning process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minseong Kim
- Department of Biomechatronic Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU) , Suwon, South Korea
| | - WonJin Kim
- Department of Biomechatronic Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU) , Suwon, South Korea
| | - GeunHyung Kim
- Department of Biomechatronic Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU) , Suwon, South Korea
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Wang PY, Lian YS, Chang R, Liao WH, Chen WS, Tsai WB. Modulation of PEI-Mediated Gene Transfection through Controlling Cytoskeleton Organization and Nuclear Morphology via Nanogrooved Topographies. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2017; 3:3283-3291. [PMID: 33445370 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.7b00617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The effect of nanotopographies on cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, differentiation, and/or apoptosis have been studied over the last two decades. However, the effect of nanotopography on gene transfection of adhered cells is far from understood. One key phenomenon of using nanotopography is mimicry of native cell morphology in vitro such as in alignment of skeletal myoblasts on nanogrooves. The formation of focal adhesions, the cytoskeleton, and the morphology of cell nuclei are altered by underlying nanogrooves, but the role of these changes in gene transfection are not well understood. In this study, C2C12 skeletal myoblasts were transfected using polyethylenimine (PEI)/DNA complexes on nanogrooved patterns of two groove widths (400 and 800 nm) at three depths (50 nm and 400 or 500 nm). The results showed that the deep nanogrooved surfaces (i.e., 400/400 and 800/500) induced formation of aligned, parallel F-actin and elongated nucleus morphology. Gene transfection was also reduced on the deep nanogrooved surfaces. Disruption of F-actin organization using Cytochalasin D (Cyto-D) restored the nuclear morphology accompanied by higher transfection efficiency, demonstrating that the reduction in gene expression on deep nanogrooves was due to cytoskeletal stretching and nucleus elongation. Spatiotemporal images of fluorescent-labeled PEI/DNA complexes showed that endocytosis of PEI/DNA complexes was retarded and DNA trafficking into the cell nucleus was reduced. This study demonstrates for the first time the important role of cytoskeletal organization and nuclear morphology in PEI-mediated gene transfection to skeletal myoblasts using nanogrooved patterns. These findings are informative for in vitro studies and could potentially be useful in in vivo intramuscular (IM) administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Yuan Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia.,Graduate Institute of Nanomedicine and Medical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Shiang Lian
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ray Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hao Liao
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Shiang Chen
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Bor Tsai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Happe CL, Tenerelli KP, Gromova AK, Kolb F, Engler AJ. Mechanically patterned neuromuscular junctions-in-a-dish have improved functional maturation. Mol Biol Cell 2017; 28:1950-1958. [PMID: 28495800 PMCID: PMC5541845 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e17-01-0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Motor neuron (MN) diseases are progressive disorders resulting from degeneration of neuromuscular junctions (NMJs), which form the connection between MNs and muscle fibers. NMJ-in-a-dish models have been developed to examine human MN-associated dysfunction with disease; however such coculture models have randomly oriented myotubes with immature synapses that contract asynchronously. Mechanically patterned (MP) extracellular matrix with alternating soft and stiff stripes improves current NMJ-in-a-dish models by inducing both mouse and human myoblast durotaxis to stripes where they aligned, differentiated, and fused into patterned myotubes. Compared to conventional culture on rigid substrates or unpatterned hydrogels, MP substrates supported increased differentiation and fusion, significantly larger acetylcholine (ACh) receptor clusters, and increased expression of MuSK and Lrp4, two cell surface receptors required for NMJ formation. Robust contractions were observed when mouse myotubes were stimulated by ACh, with twitch duration and frequency most closely resembling those for mature muscle on MP substrates. Fused myotubes, when cocultured with MNs, were able to form even larger NMJs. Thus MP matrices produce more functionally active NMJs-in-a-dish, which could be used to elucidate disease pathology and facilitate drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra L Happe
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Kevin P Tenerelli
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Anastasia K Gromova
- Biomedical Sciences Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Frederic Kolb
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Adam J Engler
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
- Biomedical Sciences Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037
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Kim MS, Lee B, Kim HN, Bang S, Yang HS, Kang SM, Suh KY, Park SH, Jeon NL. 3D tissue formation by stacking detachable cell sheets formed on nanofiber mesh. Biofabrication 2017; 9:015029. [PMID: 28332479 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/aa64a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We present a novel approach for assembling 3D tissue by layer-by-layer stacking of cell sheets formed on aligned nanofiber mesh. A rigid frame was used to repeatedly collect aligned electrospun PCL (polycaprolactone) nanofiber to form a mesh structure with average distance between fibers 6.4 µm. When human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), human foreskin dermal fibroblasts, and skeletal muscle cells (C2C12) were cultured on the nanofiber mesh, they formed confluent monolayers and could be handled as continuous cell sheets with areas 3 × 3 cm2 or larger. Thicker 3D tissues have been formed by stacking multiple cell sheets collected on frames that can be nested (i.e. Matryoshka dolls) without any special tools. When cultured on the nanofiber mesh, skeletal muscle, C2C12 cells oriented along the direction of the nanofibers and differentiated into uniaxially aligned multinucleated myotube. Myotube cell sheets were stacked (upto 3 layers) in alternating or aligned directions to form thicker tissue with ∼50 µm thickness. Sandwiching HUVEC cell sheets with two dermal fibroblast cell sheets resulted in vascularized 3D tissue. HUVECs formed extensive networks and expressed CD31, a marker of endothelial cells. Cell sheets formed on nanofiber mesh have a number of advantages, including manipulation and stacking of multiple cell sheets for constructing 3D tissue and may find applications in a variety of tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Sung Kim
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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Yang Y, Wang K, Gu X, Leong KW. Biophysical Regulation of Cell Behavior-Cross Talk between Substrate Stiffness and Nanotopography. ENGINEERING (BEIJING, CHINA) 2017; 3:36-54. [PMID: 29071164 PMCID: PMC5653318 DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2017.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The stiffness and nanotopographical characteristics of the extracellular matrix (ECM) influence numerous developmental, physiological, and pathological processes in vivo. These biophysical cues have therefore been applied to modulate almost all aspects of cell behavior, from cell adhesion and spreading to proliferation and differentiation. Delineation of the biophysical modulation of cell behavior is critical to the rational design of new biomaterials, implants, and medical devices. The effects of stiffness and topographical cues on cell behavior have previously been reviewed, respectively; however, the interwoven effects of stiffness and nanotopographical cues on cell behavior have not been well described, despite similarities in phenotypic manifestations. Herein, we first review the effects of substrate stiffness and nanotopography on cell behavior, and then focus on intracellular transmission of the biophysical signals from integrins to nucleus. Attempts are made to connect extracellular regulation of cell behavior with the biophysical cues. We then discuss the challenges in dissecting the biophysical regulation of cell behavior and in translating the mechanistic understanding of these cues to tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Yang
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Xiaosong Gu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and the Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Kam W. Leong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
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31
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Wang PY, Ding S, Sumer H, Wong RCB, Kingshott P. Heterogeneity of mesenchymal and pluripotent stem cell populations grown on nanogrooves and nanopillars. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:7927-7938. [DOI: 10.1039/c7tb01878a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Surface nanotopographies are a powerful way of manipulating cell morphology and subsequent differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Yuan Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology
- Faculty of Science
- Engineering and Technology
- Swinburne University of Technology
- Hawthorn
| | - Sheryl Ding
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology
- Faculty of Science
- Engineering and Technology
- Swinburne University of Technology
- Hawthorn
| | - Huseyin Sumer
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology
- Faculty of Science
- Engineering and Technology
- Swinburne University of Technology
- Hawthorn
| | - Raymond Ching-Bong Wong
- Centre for Eye Research Australia & Ophthalmology
- Department of Surgery
- The University of Melbourne
- Australia
| | - Peter Kingshott
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology
- Faculty of Science
- Engineering and Technology
- Swinburne University of Technology
- Hawthorn
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32
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Wang PY, Thissen H, Kingshott P. Modulation of human multipotent and pluripotent stem cells using surface nanotopographies and surface-immobilised bioactive signals: A review. Acta Biomater 2016; 45:31-59. [PMID: 27596488 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.08.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 07/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The ability to control the interactions of stem cells with synthetic surfaces is proving to be effective and essential for the quality of passaged stem cells and ultimately the success of regenerative medicine. The stem cell niche is crucial for stem cell self-renewal and differentiation. Thus, mimicking the stem cell niche, and here in particular the extracellular matrix (ECM), in vitro is an important goal for the expansion of stem cells and their applications. Here, surface nanotopographies and surface-immobilised biosignals have been identified as major factors that control stem cell responses. The development of tailored surfaces having an optimum nanotopography and displaying suitable biosignals is proposed to be essential for future stem cell culture, cell therapy and regenerative medicine applications. While early research in the field has been restricted by the limited availability of micro- and nanofabrication techniques, new approaches involving the use of advanced fabrication and surface immobilisation methods are starting to emerge. In addition, new cell types such as induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have become available in the last decade, but have not been fully understood. This review summarises significant advances in the area and focuses on the approaches that are aimed at controlling the behavior of human stem cells including maintenance of their self-renewal ability and improvement of their lineage commitment using nanotopographies and biosignals. More specifically, we discuss developments in biointerface science that are an important driving force for new biomedical materials and advances in bioengineering aiming at improving stem cell culture protocols and 3D scaffolds for clinical applications. Cellular responses revolve around the interplay between the surface properties of the cell culture substrate and the biomolecular composition of the cell culture medium. Determination of the precise role played by each factor, as well as the synergistic effects amongst the factors, all of which influence stem cell responses is essential for future developments. This review provides an overview of the current state-of-the-art in the design of complex material surfaces aimed at being the next generation of tools tailored for applications in cell culture and regenerative medicine. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE This review focuses on the effect of surface nanotopographies and surface-bound biosignals on human stem cells. Recently, stem cell research attracts much attention especially the induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and direct lineage reprogramming. The fast advance of stem cell research benefits disease treatment and cell therapy. On the other hand, surface property of cell adhered materials has been demonstrated very important for in vitro cell culture and regenerative medicine. Modulation of cell behavior using surfaces is costeffective and more defined. Thus, we summarise the recent progress of modulation of human stem cells using surface science. We believe that this review will capture a broad audience interested in topographical and chemical patterning aimed at understanding complex cellular responses to biomaterials.
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Yeo M, Lee H, Kim GH. Combining a micro/nano-hierarchical scaffold with cell-printing of myoblasts induces cell alignment and differentiation favorable to skeletal muscle tissue regeneration. Biofabrication 2016; 8:035021. [PMID: 27634918 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/8/3/035021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Biomedical scaffolds must be used in tissue engineering to provide physical stability and topological/biochemical properties that directly affect tissue regeneration. In this study, a new cell-laden scaffold was developed that supplies micro/nano-topological cues and promotes efficient release of cells. The hierarchical structure consisted of poly(ε-caprolactone) macrosized struts for sustaining a three-dimensional structural shape, aligned nanofibers obtained with optimized electrospinning, and cell-printed myoblasts. Importantly, the printed myoblasts were fully safe and were efficiently released from the cell-laden struts to neighboring nanofiber networks. The incorporation of micro/nanofibers in the hierarchical scaffold significantly affected myoblast proliferation, alignment, and even facilitated the formation of myotubes. We observed that myosin heavy chain expression and the expression levels of various myogenic genes (MyoD, myogenin, and troponin T) were significantly affected by the fiber alignment achieved in our hierarchical cell-laden structure. We believe that the combination of cell-printing and a hierarchical scaffold that encourages fiber alignment is a highly promising technique for skeletal muscle tissue engineering.
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34
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Ding S, Kingshott P, Thissen H, Pera M, Wang PY. Modulation of human mesenchymal and pluripotent stem cell behavior using biophysical and biochemical cues: A review. Biotechnol Bioeng 2016; 114:260-280. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.26075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 298] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheryl Ding
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology; Swinburne University of Technology; Hawthorn 3122 Victoria Australia
| | - Peter Kingshott
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology; Swinburne University of Technology; Hawthorn 3122 Victoria Australia
| | | | - Martin Pera
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Florey Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute; The University of Melbourne; Victoria Australia
| | - Peng-Yuan Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology; Swinburne University of Technology; Hawthorn 3122 Victoria Australia
- CSIRO Manufacturing; Clayton Victoria Australia
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Florey Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute; The University of Melbourne; Victoria Australia
- Graduate Institute of Nanomedicine and Medical Engineering; College of Biomedical Engineering; Taipei Medical University; Taipei Taiwan
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35
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Bettadapur A, Suh GC, Geisse NA, Wang ER, Hua C, Huber HA, Viscio AA, Kim JY, Strickland JB, McCain ML. Prolonged Culture of Aligned Skeletal Myotubes on Micromolded Gelatin Hydrogels. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28855. [PMID: 27350122 PMCID: PMC4924097 DOI: 10.1038/srep28855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro models of skeletal muscle are critically needed to elucidate disease mechanisms, identify therapeutic targets, and test drugs pre-clinically. However, culturing skeletal muscle has been challenging due to myotube delamination from synthetic culture substrates approximately one week after initiating differentiation from myoblasts. In this study, we successfully maintained aligned skeletal myotubes differentiated from C2C12 mouse skeletal myoblasts for three weeks by utilizing micromolded (μmolded) gelatin hydrogels as culture substrates, which we thoroughly characterized using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Compared to polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microcontact printed (μprinted) with fibronectin (FN), cell adhesion on gelatin hydrogel constructs was significantly higher one week and three weeks after initiating differentiation. Delamination from FN-μprinted PDMS precluded robust detection of myotubes. Compared to a softer blend of PDMS μprinted with FN, myogenic index, myotube width, and myotube length on μmolded gelatin hydrogels was similar one week after initiating differentiation. However, three weeks after initiating differentiation, these parameters were significantly higher on μmolded gelatin hydrogels compared to FN-μprinted soft PDMS constructs. Similar results were observed on isotropic versions of each substrate, suggesting that these findings are independent of substrate patterning. Our platform enables novel studies into skeletal muscle development and disease and chronic drug testing in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Bettadapur
- Laboratory for Living Systems Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, USC Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Gio C Suh
- Laboratory for Living Systems Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, USC Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | | | - Evelyn R Wang
- Laboratory for Living Systems Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, USC Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.,Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Clara Hua
- Laboratory for Living Systems Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, USC Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Holly A Huber
- Laboratory for Living Systems Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, USC Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Alyssa A Viscio
- Laboratory for Living Systems Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, USC Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Joon Young Kim
- Laboratory for Living Systems Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, USC Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Julie B Strickland
- Laboratory for Living Systems Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, USC Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Megan L McCain
- Laboratory for Living Systems Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, USC Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.,Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
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36
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Smith AST, Davis J, Lee G, Mack DL, Kim DH. Muscular dystrophy in a dish: engineered human skeletal muscle mimetics for disease modeling and drug discovery. Drug Discov Today 2016; 21:1387-1398. [PMID: 27109386 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2016.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Engineered in vitro models using human cells, particularly patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), offer a potential solution to issues associated with the use of animals for studying disease pathology and drug efficacy. Given the prevalence of muscle diseases in human populations, an engineered tissue model of human skeletal muscle could provide a biologically accurate platform to study basic muscle physiology, disease progression, and drug efficacy and/or toxicity. Such platforms could be used as phenotypic drug screens to identify compounds capable of alleviating or reversing congenital myopathies, such as Duchene muscular dystrophy (DMD). Here, we review current skeletal muscle modeling technologies with a specific focus on efforts to generate biomimetic systems for investigating the pathophysiology of dystrophic muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alec S T Smith
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Jennifer Davis
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Gabsang Lee
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Department of Neurology, The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - David L Mack
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Deok-Ho Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
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37
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Park SH, Kim MS, Lee B, Park JH, Lee HJ, Lee NK, Jeon NL, Suh KY. Creation of a Hybrid Scaffold with Dual Configuration of Aligned and Random Electrospun Fibers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:2826-2832. [PMID: 26756644 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b11529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A novel hybrid construct was developed by combining aligned fibers (AFs) and random fibers (RFs) to form a scaffolding system. Homogeneous fiber-based structures were fabricated by electrospinning, which produced both random and aligned fiber mats depending on the collection method. The upper part of the scaffold contained an AF layer, which possessed a well-organized configuration that provided uniaxial topographic guidance. For mechanical stability and support, the lower part of the scaffold was composed of an RF layer. Despite the presence of randomly distributed RFs, desirable alignment and differentiation could be achieved in cultured C2C12 myoblasts by controlling the density of AF layer. The fibrous structure of the hybrid scaffold also exhibited high porosity and therefore reasonable permeability. Owing to the structural stability provided by the underlying RFs, the cell-laden fibrous scaffolds were amenable to physical manipulation, such as multilayering. Collectively, the morphological features and manipulable architecture of the developed scaffolds suggest that they would perform well in practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suk-Hee Park
- Micro/Nano Scale Manufacturing R&D Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology , Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do 426-910, Korea
| | - Min Sung Kim
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University , Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Byungjun Lee
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University , Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Jean Ho Park
- Micro/Nano Scale Manufacturing R&D Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology , Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do 426-910, Korea
| | - Hye Jin Lee
- Micro/Nano Scale Manufacturing R&D Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology , Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do 426-910, Korea
| | - Nak Kyu Lee
- Micro/Nano Scale Manufacturing R&D Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology , Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do 426-910, Korea
| | - Noo Li Jeon
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University , Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Kahp-Yang Suh
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University , Seoul 151-742, Korea
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38
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Lin WH, Yu J, Chen G, Tsai WB. Fabrication of multi-biofunctional gelatin-based electrospun fibrous scaffolds for enhancement of osteogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2016; 138:26-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2015] [Revised: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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39
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Wang PY, Thissen H, Kingshott P. Stimulation of Early Osteochondral Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Using Binary Colloidal Crystals (BCCs). ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:4477-4488. [PMID: 26812467 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b12660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A new surface based on self-assembly of two colloids into well-defined nanostructures, so-called binary colloidal crystals (BCCs), was fabricated for stem cell culture. The facile fabrication process are able to cover large surface areas (>3 cm-diameter, i.e. > 7 cm(2)) with ordered surface nanotopographies that is often a challenge particularly in biomaterials science. From our library, four different combinations of BCCs were selected using mixtures of silica, polystyrene and poly(methyl methacrylate) particles with sizes in the range from 100 nm to 5 μm. Cell spreading, proliferation, and surface-induced lineage commitment of human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) was studied using quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and immunostaining. The results showed that BCCs induced osteo- and chondro- but not adipo-gene expression in the absence of induction medium suggesting that the osteochondral lineage can be stimulated by the BCCs. When applying induction media, higher osteo- and chondro-gene expression on BCCs was found compared with tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS) and flat silica (Si) controls, respectively. Colony forming of chondrogenic hADSCs was found on BCCs and TCPS but not Si controls, suggesting that the differentiation of stem cells is surface-dependent. BCCs provide access to complex nanotopographies and chemistries, which can find applications in cell culture and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Yuan Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Swinburne University of Technology , Hawthorn, 3122 Victoria, Australia
- CSIRO Manufacturing , Bayview Avenue, Clayton, 3168 Victoria, Australia
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Florey Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, The University of Melbourne , Melbourne, Australia
| | - Helmut Thissen
- CSIRO Manufacturing , Bayview Avenue, Clayton, 3168 Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter Kingshott
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Swinburne University of Technology , Hawthorn, 3122 Victoria, Australia
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40
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Yang HS, Lee B, Tsui JH, Macadangdang J, Jang SY, Im SG, Kim DH. Electroconductive Nanopatterned Substrates for Enhanced Myogenic Differentiation and Maturation. Adv Healthc Mater 2016; 5:137-45. [PMID: 25988569 PMCID: PMC5003176 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201500003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2015] [Revised: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Electrically conductive materials provide a suitable platform for the in vitro study of excitable cells, such as skeletal muscle cells, due to their inherent conductivity and electroactivity. Here it is demonstrated that bioinspired electroconductive nanopatterned substrates enhance myogenic differentiation and maturation. The topographical cues from the highly aligned collagen bundles that form the extracellular matrix of skeletal muscle tissue are mimicked using nanopatterns created with capillary force lithography. Electron beam deposition is then utilized to conformally coat nanopatterned substrates with a thin layer of either gold or titanium to create electroconductive substrates with well-defined, large-area nanotopographical features. C2C12 cells, a myoblast cell line, are cultured for 7 d on substrates and the effects of topography and electrical conductivity on cellular morphology and myogenic differentiation are assessed. It is found that biomimetic nanotopography enhances the formation of aligned myotubes and the addition of an electroconductive coating promotes myogenic differentiation and maturation, as indicated by the upregulation of myogenic regulatory factors Myf5, MyoD, and myogenin (MyoG). These results suggest the suitability of electroconductive nanopatterned substrates as a biomimetic platform for the in vitro engineering of skeletal muscle tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Seok Yang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center, Dankook University, Cheonan, 330-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Bora Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and KAIST Institute for the NanoCentury, Korea Advanced Institute Science and Technology, Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonathan H Tsui
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Jesse Macadangdang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Seok-Young Jang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and KAIST Institute for the NanoCentury, Korea Advanced Institute Science and Technology, Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Gap Im
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and KAIST Institute for the NanoCentury, Korea Advanced Institute Science and Technology, Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok-Ho Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
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41
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Response of MG63 osteoblast-like cells to ordered nanotopographies fabricated using colloidal self-assembly and glancing angle deposition. Biointerphases 2015; 10:04A306. [DOI: 10.1116/1.4931889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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42
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Wang PY, Clements LR, Thissen H, Tsai WB, Voelcker NH. Screening rat mesenchymal stem cell attachment and differentiation on surface chemistries using plasma polymer gradients. Acta Biomater 2015; 11:58-67. [PMID: 25246312 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Revised: 09/13/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that the surface chemistry of biomaterials is important for both initial cell attachment and the downstream cell response. Surface chemistry gradients are a new format that allows the screening of the subtleties of cell-surface interactions in high throughput. In this study, two surface chemical gradients were fabricated using diffusion control during plasma polymerization via a tilted mask. Acrylic acid (AA) plasma polymer gradients were coated on a uniform 1,7-octadiene (OD) plasma polymer layer to generate OD-AA plasma polymer gradients, whilst diethylene glycol dimethyl ether (DG) plasma polymer gradients were coated on a uniform AA plasma polymer layer to generate AA-DG plasma polymer gradients. Gradient surfaces were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, infrared microscopy mapping, profilometry, water contact angle (WCA) goniometry and atomic force microscopy. Cell attachment density and differentiation into osteo- and adipo-lineages of rat-bone-marrow mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs) was studied on gradients. Cell adhesion after 24 h culture was sensitive to the chemical gradients, resulting in a cell density gradient along the substrate. The slope of the cell density gradient changed between 24 and 6 days due to cell migration and growth. Induction of rBMSCs into osteoblast- and adipocyte-like cells on the two plasma polymer gradients suggested that osteogenic differentiation was sensitive to local cell density, but adipogenic differentiation was not. Using mixed induction medium (50% osteogenic and 50% adipogenic medium), thick AA plasma polymer coating (>40 nm thickness with ∼11% COOH component and 35° WCA) robustly supported osteogenic differentiation as determined by colony formation and calcium deposition. This study establishes a simple but powerful approach to the formation of plasma polymer based gradients, and demonstrates that MSC behavior can be influenced by small changes in surface chemistry.
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43
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Ferris CJ, Stevens LR, Gilmore KJ, Mume E, Greguric I, Kirchmajer DM, Wallace GG, in het Panhuis M. Peptide modification of purified gellan gum. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:1106-1115. [DOI: 10.1039/c4tb01727g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Gellan gum, an anionic polysaccharide is purified and modified with a short peptide to enhance cell attachment.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. J. Ferris
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science
- University of Wollongong
- Australia
- Soft Materials Group
| | - L. R. Stevens
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science
- University of Wollongong
- Australia
- Soft Materials Group
| | - K. J. Gilmore
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science
- University of Wollongong
- Australia
| | - E. Mume
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation
- Lucas Heights
- Australia
| | - I. Greguric
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation
- Lucas Heights
- Australia
| | - D. M. Kirchmajer
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science
- University of Wollongong
- Australia
- Soft Materials Group
| | - G. G. Wallace
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science
- University of Wollongong
- Australia
| | - M. in het Panhuis
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science
- University of Wollongong
- Australia
- Soft Materials Group
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44
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Zhao X, Lin Y, Wang Q. Virus-based scaffolds for tissue engineering applications. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 7:534-47. [DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Revised: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xia Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun China
| | - Yuan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of South Carolina; Columbia SC USA
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45
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Wang J, Nain AS. Suspended micro/nanofiber hierarchical biological scaffolds fabricated using non-electrospinning STEP technique. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:13641-9. [PMID: 25310055 DOI: 10.1021/la503011u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) is a fibrous natural cell environment, possessing complicated micro- and nanoarchitectures, which provide extracellular signaling cues and influence cell behaviors. Mimicking this three-dimensional microenvironment in vitro is a challenge in developmental and disease biology. Here, suspended multilayer hierarchical nanofiber assemblies (diameter from micrometers to less than 100 nm) with accurately controlled fiber orientation and spacing are demonstrated as biological scaffolds fabricated using the non-electrospinning STEP (Spinneret based Tunable Engineered Parameter) fiber manufacturing technique. Micro/nanofiber arrays were manufactured with high parallelism (relative angles between fibers were maintained less than 6°) and well controlled interfiber spacing (<15%). Using these controls, we demonstrate a bottom up hierarchical assembly of suspended six layer structures of progressively reduced diameters and spacing from several polymer systems. We then demonstrate use of STEP scaffolds to study single and multicell arrangement at high magnifications. Specifically, using double layer divergent (0°-90°) suspended nanofibers assemblies, we show precise quantitative control of cell geometry (change in shape index from 0.15 to 0.57 at similar cell areas), and through design of scaffold porosity (80 × 80 μm(2) to 5 × 5 μm(2)) quadruple the cell attachment density. Furthermore, using unidirectional or crisscross patterns of sparse and dense fiber arrays, we are able to control the cell spread area from ∼400 to ∼700 μm(2), while the nucleus shape index increases from 0.75 to 0.99 with cells nearly doubling their focal adhesion cluster lengths (∼15 μm) on widely spaced nanofiber arrays. The platform developed in this study allows a wide parametric investigation of biophysical cues which influence cell behaviors with implications in tissue engineering, developmental biology, and disease biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and †Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech , Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
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46
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Chien HW, Fu SW, Shih AY, Tsai WB. Modulation of the stemness and osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells by controlling RGD concentrations of poly(carboxybetaine) hydrogel. Biotechnol J 2014; 9:1613-23. [PMID: 25303097 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201300433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Revised: 08/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In vitro modulation of the differentiation status of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is important for their application to regenerative medicine. We suggested that the morphology and differentiation states of MSCs could be modulated by controlling the cell affinity of a substrate. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of surface bio-adhesive signals on self-renewal and osteogenic differentiation of MSCs using a low-fouling platform. Cell-resistant poly(carboxybetaine) hydrogel was conjugated with 5 μM or 5 mM of cell-adhesive arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) peptides in order to control the cells' affinity to the substrate. Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were cultured on the RGD-modified poly(carboxybetaine) hydrogel and then the cells' states of stemness and osteogenic differentiation were evaluated using reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. The hMSCs formed three-dimensional spheroids on the 5 μM RGD substrate, while cells on the 5 mM RGD substrate exhibited spreading morphology. Furthermore, cells on the 5 μM RGD hydrogel maintained a better stemness phenotype, while the hMSCs on the 5 mM RGD hydrogel proliferated faster and underwent osteogenic differentiation. In conclusion, the stemness of hMSCs was best maintained on a low RGD surface, while osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs was enhanced on a high RGD surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiu-Wen Chien
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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47
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Salimath AS, García AJ. Biofunctional hydrogels for skeletal muscle constructs. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2014; 10:967-976. [PMID: 24616405 DOI: 10.1002/term.1881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Revised: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogel scaffolds encapsulating C2C12 mouse skeletal muscle cells have been engineered as in vitro constructs towards regenerative medicine therapies for the enhancement and inducement of functional skeletal muscle formation. Previous work has largely involved two-dimensional (2D) muscle strips, naturally occurring hydrogels and incomplete examination of the effects of the scaffold and/or biological functionalization on myogenic differentiation in a controllable manner. The goal of this study was to identify key properties in functionalized poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-maleimide (MAL) synthetic hydrogels that promote cell attachment, proliferation and differentiation for the formation of multinucleated myotubes and functional skeletal muscle tissue constructs. Significant differences in myoblast viability were observed as a function of cell seeding density, polymer weight percentage and bioadhesive ligands. The identified optimized conditions for cell survival, required for myotube development, were carried over for differentiation assays. PEG hydrogels (5% weight/volume), functionalized with 2.0 mm RGD adhesive peptide and crosslinked with protease-cleavable peptides, incubated for 3 days before supplementation with 2% horse serum, significantly increased expression of differentiated skeletal muscle markers by 50%; 17% more multinucleated cells and a 40% increase in the number of nuclei/differentiated cell compared to other conditions. Functionality of cell-laden hydrogels was demonstrated by a 20% decrease in the extruded length of the hydrogel when stimulated with a contractile agent, compared to 7% for a saline control. This study provided strategies to engineer a three-dimensional (3D) microenvironment, using synthetic hydrogels to promote the development of differentiated muscle tissue from skeletal muscle progenitor cells to form contractile units. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apoorva S Salimath
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Andrés J García
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
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48
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Gasiorowski JZ, Murphy CJ, Nealey PF. Biophysical cues and cell behavior: the big impact of little things. Annu Rev Biomed Eng 2014; 15:155-76. [PMID: 23862676 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-bioeng-071811-150021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix is composed of a variety of proteins, polysaccharides, and glycosaminoglycans that self-assemble into a hierarchical order of nanometer- to micrometer-scale fibrils and fibers. The shapes, sizes, and elasticity present within this highly ordered meshwork regulate behaviors in most cell types. It has been well documented that cellular migration, proliferation, differentiation, and tissue development are all influenced by matrix geometries and compliance, but how these external biophysical cues are translated into activated intracellular signaling cascades remains poorly understood. Fortunately, technological improvements in artificial substrate fabrication have provided biologists with tools to test cellular interactions within controlled three-dimensional environments. Here, we review cellular responses to biophysical cues and discuss their clinical relevancy and application. We focus especially on integrative approaches that aim to first characterize the properties of specific extracellular matrices and then precisely fabricate biomimetic materials to elucidate how relevant cells respond to the individual biophysical cues present in their native tissues. Through these types of comprehensive studies, biologists have begun to understand and appreciate how exceedingly small features can have a significant impact on the regulation, development, and homeostasis of cells and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Z Gasiorowski
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA
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49
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Zan X, Feng S, Balizan E, Lin Y, Wang Q. Facile method for large scale alignment of one dimensional nanoparticles and control over myoblast orientation and differentiation. ACS NANO 2013; 7:8385-8396. [PMID: 24004197 DOI: 10.1021/nn403908k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A facile and robust method to align one-dimensional (1D) nanoparticles (NPs) in large scale has been developed. Using flow assembly, representative rod-like nanoparticles, including tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), gold nanorods, and bacteriophage M13, have been aligned inside glass tubes by controlling flow rate and substrate surface properties. The properties of 1D NPs, such as stiffness and aspect ratio, play a critical role in the alignment. Furthermore, these hierarchically organized structures can be used to support cell growth and control the cell orientation and morphology. When C2C12 myoblasts were cultured on surfaces coated with aligned TMV, we found that nanoscale topographic features were critical to guide the cell orientation and myogenic differentiation. This method can therefore be used in the fabrication of complex assemblies with 1D NPs and have wide applications in tissue engineering, sensing, electronics, and optical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingjie Zan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina , Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
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50
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Wu KC, Tseng CL, Wu CC, Kao FC, Tu YK, C So E, Wang YK. Nanotechnology in the regulation of stem cell behavior. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2013; 14:054401. [PMID: 27877605 PMCID: PMC5090368 DOI: 10.1088/1468-6996/14/5/054401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells are known for their potential to repair damaged tissues. The adhesion, growth and differentiation of stem cells are likely controlled by the surrounding microenvironment which contains both chemical and physical cues. Physical cues in the microenvironment, for example, nanotopography, were shown to play important roles in stem cell fate decisions. Thus, controlling stem cell behavior by nanoscale topography has become an important issue in stem cell biology. Nanotechnology has emerged as a new exciting field and research from this field has greatly advanced. Nanotechnology allows the manipulation of sophisticated surfaces/scaffolds which can mimic the cellular environment for regulating cellular behaviors. Thus, we summarize recent studies on nanotechnology with applications to stem cell biology, including the regulation of stem cell adhesion, growth, differentiation, tracking and imaging. Understanding the interactions of nanomaterials with stem cells may provide the knowledge to apply to cell-scaffold combinations in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- King-Chuen Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Li Tseng
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chang Wu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Chen Kao
- Department of Orthopedics, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Kun Tu
- Department of Orthopedics, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Edmund C So
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tainan Municipal An Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Kao Wang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Center for Neurotrauma and Neuroregeneration, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Medical Device Innovation Center, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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