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Kwon SY, You SH, Im JH, Nguyen DH, Kim DY, Pyo A, Kim GJ, Bom HS, Hong Y, Min JJ. Tumor Pre-Targeting System Using Streptavidin-Expressing Bacteria. Mol Imaging Biol 2024; 26:593-602. [PMID: 38814379 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-024-01915-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE A major obstacle to targeted cancer therapy is identifying suitable targets that are specifically and abundantly expressed by solid tumors. Certain bacterial strains selectively colonize solid tumors and can deliver genetically encoded cargo molecules to the tumor cells. Here, we engineered bacteria to express monomeric streptavidin (mSA) in tumors, and developed a novel tumor pre-targeting system by visualizing the presence of tumor-associated mSA using a biotinylated imaging probe. PROCEDURES We constructed a plasmid expressing mSA fused to maltose-binding protein and optimized the ribosome binding site sequence to increase solubility and expression levels. E. coli MG1655 was transformed with the recombinant plasmid, expression of which is driven by the pBAD promotor. Expression of mSA was induced by L-arabinose 4 days after injection of bacteria into mice bearing CT26 mouse colon carcinoma cells. Selective accumulation of mSA in tumor tissues was visualized by optical imaging after administration of a biotinylated fluorescent dye. Counting of viable bacterial cells was also performed. RESULTS Compared with a conventional system, the novel expression system resulted in significantly higher expression of mSA and sustained binding to biotin. Imaging signals in tumor tissues were significantly stronger in the mSA-expressing group than in non-expressing group (P = 0.0005). Furthermore, the fluorescent signal in tumor tissues became detectable again after multiple inductions with L-arabinose. The bacterial counts in tumor tissues showed no significant differences between conditions with and without L-arabinose (P = 0.45). Western blot analysis of tumor tissues confirmed expression and binding of mSA to biotin. CONCLUSIONS We successfully engineered tumor-targeting bacteria carrying a recombinant plasmid expressing mSA, which was targeted to, and expressed in, tumor tissues. These data demonstrate the potential of this novel tumor pre-targeting system when combined with biotinylated imaging probes or therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Young Kwon
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun Hospital, Jeonnam, 58128, Republic of Korea
- Institute for Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, Chonnam National University Medical School, Jeonnam, 58128, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hwan You
- Institute for Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, Chonnam National University Medical School, Jeonnam, 58128, Republic of Korea
- CNCure Biotech, Jeonnam, 58128, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hee Im
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun Hospital, Jeonnam, 58128, Republic of Korea
- Institute for Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, Chonnam National University Medical School, Jeonnam, 58128, Republic of Korea
| | - Dinh-Huy Nguyen
- Institute for Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, Chonnam National University Medical School, Jeonnam, 58128, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Yeon Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Ayoung Pyo
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Geun-Joong Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences and Research Center of Ecomimetics, Chonnam National University College of Natural Sciences, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Seung Bom
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun Hospital, Jeonnam, 58128, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeongjin Hong
- CNCure Biotech, Jeonnam, 58128, Republic of Korea
- Department of Microbiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Jeonnam, 58128, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Joon Min
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun Hospital, Jeonnam, 58128, Republic of Korea.
- Institute for Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, Chonnam National University Medical School, Jeonnam, 58128, Republic of Korea.
- CNCure Biotech, Jeonnam, 58128, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Saipul Bahri NSN, Nguyen TT, Matsumoto K, Watanabe M, Morita Y, Septiani EL, Cao KLA, Hirano T, Ogi T. Controlling the Magnetic Responsiveness of Cellulose Nanofiber Particles Embedded with Iron Oxide Nanoparticles. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:3227-3237. [PMID: 38627897 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.4c00213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO)-oxidized cellulose nanofiber (TOCN) particles, an innovative biobased material derived from wood biomass, have garnered significant interest, particularly in the biomedical field, for their distinctive properties as biocompatible particle adsorbents. However, their microscopic size complicates their separation in liquid media, thereby impeding their application in various domains. In this study, superparamagnetic magnetite nanoparticles (NPs), specifically iron oxide Fe3O4 NPs with an average size of 15 nm, were used to enhance the collection efficiency of TOCN-Fe3O4 composite particles synthesized through spray drying. These composite particles exhibited a remarkable ζ-potential (approximately -50 mV), indicating their high stability in water, as well as impressive magnetization properties (up to 47 emu/g), and rapid magnetic responsiveness within 60 s in water (3 wt % Fe3O4 to TOCN, 1 T magnet). Furthermore, the influence of Fe3O4 NP concentrations on the measurement of the speed of magnetic separation was quantitatively discussed. Additionally, the binding affinity of the synthesized particles for proteins was assessed on a streptavidin-biotin binding system, offering crucial insights into their binding capabilities with specific proteins and underscoring their significant potential as functionalized biomedical materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Syakirah Nabilah Saipul Bahri
- Chemical Engineering Program, Department of Advanced Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Tue Tri Nguyen
- Chemical Engineering Program, Department of Advanced Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Kohei Matsumoto
- Life Sciences Headquarters, DKS Co. Ltd., 5 Ogawara, Kisshoin, Minami, Kyoto 601-8391, Japan
| | - Mai Watanabe
- Life Sciences Headquarters, DKS Co. Ltd., 5 Ogawara, Kisshoin, Minami, Kyoto 601-8391, Japan
| | - Yuko Morita
- Life Sciences Headquarters, DKS Co. Ltd., 5 Ogawara, Kisshoin, Minami, Kyoto 601-8391, Japan
| | - Eka Lutfi Septiani
- Chemical Engineering Program, Department of Advanced Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Kiet Le Anh Cao
- Chemical Engineering Program, Department of Advanced Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Hirano
- Chemical Engineering Program, Department of Advanced Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Takashi Ogi
- Chemical Engineering Program, Department of Advanced Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
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Heavey MK, Hazelton A, Wang Y, Garner M, Anselmo AC, Arthur JC, Nguyen J. Targeted delivery of the probiotic Saccharomyces boulardii to the extracellular matrix enhances gut residence time and recovery in murine colitis. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3784. [PMID: 38710716 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48128-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Probiotic and engineered microbe-based therapeutics are an emerging class of pharmaceutical agents. They represent a promising strategy for treating various chronic and inflammatory conditions by interacting with the host immune system and/or delivering therapeutic molecules. Here, we engineered a targeted probiotic yeast platform wherein Saccharomyces boulardii is designed to bind to abundant extracellular matrix proteins found within inflammatory lesions of the gastrointestinal tract through tunable antibody surface display. This approach enabled an additional 24-48 h of probiotic gut residence time compared to controls and 100-fold increased probiotic concentrations within the colon in preclinical models of ulcerative colitis in female mice. As a result, pharmacodynamic parameters including colon length, colonic cytokine expression profiles, and histological inflammation scores were robustly improved and restored back to healthy levels. Overall, these studies highlight the potential for targeted microbial therapeutics as a potential oral dosage form for the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mairead K Heavey
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Anthony Hazelton
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Yuyan Wang
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Mitzy Garner
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Aaron C Anselmo
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- VitaKey Incorporation, Durham, NC, 27701, USA
| | - Janelle C Arthur
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Juliane Nguyen
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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4
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Simonović M, Ostojić S, Micić D, Djurdjić P, Mix T, Kuzmanović Č, Jelovac D. Biotin as a structural component in the detection of small model antigens in BLA-S-ELISA. Nat Prod Res 2024:1-5. [PMID: 38379297 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2024.2318785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
An interesting biotin-linked-antigen-Sandwich-ELISA was developed (BLA-S-ELISA), which based on the captured Trinitrophenol-Biotin (TNP-Biotin) molecule between the immobilised monovalent antibody and enzyme-conjugated streptavidin. Monoclonal anti-Trinitrotoluene single chain fragment antibody (anti-TNT-scFv) was cloned and expressed in E. coli cells, and then used as an immobilised component in an assay. Thereafter, the previously synthesised TNP-Biotin was added as antigen followed by the addition of streptavidin-horseradish peroxidase (streptavidin-HRP) conjugate which led finally to the formation of a three-component system (antibody/TNP-Biotin/streptavidin-HRP). The assay was performed with a range of different dilutions of TNP-Biotin to establish its minimal detectable concentration. The detection limit of TNP-Biotin was 4 ngmL-1 (i.e. 200 pg or 0.42 pmol antigen calculated on the basis of 50 μL sample or 8.4 nM expressed in concentration units). According to our best knowledge, this is the very first time for any model antigen to be detected with such a form of biotin-streptavidin sandwich-assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mladen Simonović
- Institute of General and Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sanja Ostojić
- Institute of General and Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Darko Micić
- Institute of General and Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Petar Djurdjić
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Thorsten Mix
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Čeda Kuzmanović
- Clinic for Maxillofacial Chirurgy, School of dental medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Drago Jelovac
- Clinic for Maxillofacial Chirurgy, School of dental medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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5
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Xiao P, Han X, Huang Y, Yang J, Chen L, Cai Z, Hu N, Cui W, Huang W. Reprogramming macrophages via immune cell mobilized hydrogel microspheres for osteoarthritis treatments. Bioact Mater 2024; 32:242-259. [PMID: 37869722 PMCID: PMC10589729 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulating macrophage activation precisely is crucial in treating chronic inflammation in osteoarthritis (OA). However, the stable pro-inflammatory state and deep distribution of macrophages in vivo pose a great challenge to treatment. In this study, inspired by the innate immune, immune cell mobilized hydrogel microspheres were constructed by microfluidic methods and load chemokines, macrophage antibodies and engineered cell membrane vesicles (sEVs) via covalent and non-covalent junctions. The immune cell mobilized hydrogel microspheres, based on a mixture of streptavidin grafted hyaluronic acid methacrylate (HAMA-SA) and Chondroitin sulfate methacrylate (ChSMA) microspheres (HCM), can recruit, capture and reprogram proinflammatory macrophages in the joint cavity to improve the joint inflammatory microenvironment. In vitro experiments demonstrated that immune cell mobilized hydrogel microspheres had excellent macrophage recruitment, capture, and reprogramming abilities. Pro-inflammatory macrophages can be transformed into anti-inflammatory macrophages with an efficiency of 88.5 %. Animal experiments also revealed significant reduction in synovial inflammation and cartilage matrix degradation of OA. Therefore, the immune cell mobilized hydrogel microspheres may be an effective treatment of OA inflammation for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Xiao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Han
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Yanran Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianye Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhengwei Cai
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Ning Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenguo Cui
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China
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6
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Park J, Bae Y, Eom S, Choi Y, Lee G, Kang S. Development of recombinant secondary antibody mimics (rSAMs) for immunoassays through genetic fusion of monomeric alkaline phosphatase with antibody binders. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 251:126299. [PMID: 37573903 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
In conventional immunoassays, a secondary antibody is used to amplify the signal generated by the binding of the primary antibody to the target analyte. Due to concerns regarding animal use and cost-inefficiency of secondary antibody productions, there is a significant demand for the development of recombinant secondary antibody mimics (rSAMs). Here, we developed rSAMs using a signal-generating enzyme, monomeric alkaline phosphatase (mALP), and antibody-binders, including monomeric streptavidin (mSA2) and mouse IgG1- or rabbit IgG-binding nanobodies (MG1Nb or RNb). The mALP-MG1Nb, mALP-RNb, and mALP-mSA2 were genetically constructed and produced in large quantities using bacterial overexpression systems, which reduced manufacturing costs and time without the use of animals. Each rSAM exhibited high and selective binding to its respective primary antibody, generating linear band signals corresponding to the amounts of target analytes in western blots. The rSAMs also successfully generated sigmoidal signal curves that increased as the sample concentration increased. Moreover, they generated stronger signals than conventional ALP-conjugated secondary antibodies and SA, particularly in the medium to high sample concentration range, in both indirect and sandwich-type indirect ELISAs at the same sample concentration. The rSAMs we developed here may provide new insights to develop novel immunoassay-based analytical and diagnostic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyeon Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonji Bae
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Soomin Eom
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuha Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Giwook Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Sebyung Kang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.
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7
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Zuo J, Chen H, Li H. Two molecule force spectroscopy on ligand-receptor interactions. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:16581-16589. [PMID: 37740375 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr03428c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Many biological processes involve the rupture of multiple ligand-receptors or multivalent ligand-receptors. It is challenging to study the rupture of such parallelly arranged multiple ligand-receptors due to the difficulties in engineering such systems in a well-controlled fashion. Here we report the use of two-molecule force spectroscopy to investigate the rupture of two parallelly arranged monomeric streptavidin (mSA)-biotin complexes. By using SpyCatcher-SpyTag chemistry, we successfully engineered a molecular twin of biotin, in which two biotins are arranged in parallel. By reacting mSA with twin biotin, we constructed parallelly arranged two mSA-biotin complexes for force spectroscopy experiments. The incorporation of single molecule fingerprint domains into our mSA-biotin dimers allowed us to identify and assign the rupture events of the parallelly arranged mSA-biotin complexes without any ambiguity in the two-molecule force spectroscopy experiments. Our results revealed that the rupture force of the parallel dimer mSA-biotin is 172 pN at a pulling speed of 400 nm s-1, which is about 1.6 times of that of single mSA-biotin (105 pN). Furthermore, our findings indicate that the two mSA-biotin behave as non-interacting, independent ligand-receptors. The strategy we demonstrated here can be extended to other ligand-receptors and may open up an avenue toward rigorously testing the theoretic predictions proposed in various models regarding the rupture of multiple parallel ligand-receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiacheng Zuo
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada.
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Hongbin Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada.
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8
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Finn P, Chavez M, Chen X, Wang H, Rane DA, Gurjar J, Qi LS. Drug-Mediated Control of Receptor Valency Enhances Immune Cell Potency. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.04.522664. [PMID: 36712002 PMCID: PMC9881924 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.04.522664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Designer T cells offer a novel paradigm for treating diseases like cancer, yet they are often hindered by target recognition evasion and limited in vivo control. To overcome these challenges, we develop valency-controlled receptors (VCRs), a novel class of synthetic receptors engineered to enable precise modulation of immune cell activity. VCRs use custom-designed valency-control ligands (VCLs) to modulate T cell signaling via spatial molecular clustering. Using multivalent DNA origami as VCL, we first establish that valency is important for tuning the activity of CD3-mediated immune activation. We then generate multivalent formats of clinically relevant drugs as VCL and incorporate VCR into the architecture of chimeric antigen receptors (CARs). Our data demonstrate that VCL-mediated VCRs can significantly amplify CAR activities and improve suboptimal CARs. Finally, through medicinal chemistry, we synthesize programmable, bioavailable VCL drugs that potentiate targeted immune response against low-antigen tumors both in vitro and in vivo. Our findings establish receptor valency as a core mechanism for enhancing CAR functionality and offer a synthetic chemical biology platform for strengthening customizable, potent, and safer cell therapies.
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9
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Kvorjak M, Ruffo E, Tivon Y, So V, Parikh A, Deiters A, Lohmueller J. Conditional Control of Universal CAR T Cells by Cleavable OFF-Switch Adaptors. ACS Synth Biol 2023; 12:2996-3007. [PMID: 37791909 PMCID: PMC10594876 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.3c00320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
As living drugs, engineered T cell therapies are revolutionizing disease treatment with their unique functional capabilities. However, they suffer from limitations of potentially unpredictable behavior, toxicities, and nontraditional pharmacokinetics. Engineering conditional control mechanisms responsive to tractable stimuli such as small molecules or light is thus highly desirable. We and others previously developed "universal" chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) that interact with coadministered antibody adaptors to direct target cell killing and T cell activation. Universal CARs are of high therapeutic interest due to their ability to simultaneously target multiple antigens on the same disease or different diseases by combining with adaptors to different antigens. Here, we further enhance the programmability and potential safety of universal CAR T cells by engineering OFF-switch adaptors that can conditionally control CAR activity, including T cell activation, target cell lysis, and transgene expression, in response to a small molecule or light stimulus. Moreover, in adaptor combination assays, OFF-switch adaptors were capable of orthogonal conditional targeting of multiple antigens simultaneously, following Boolean logic. OFF-switch adaptors represent a robust new approach for the precision targeting of universal CAR T cells with potential for enhanced safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kvorjak
- UPMC
Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15232, United States
- Division
of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15232, United States
- Department
of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- Center
for Systems Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Elisa Ruffo
- UPMC
Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15232, United States
- Division
of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15232, United States
- Department
of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- Center
for Systems Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Yaniv Tivon
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Victor So
- UPMC
Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15232, United States
- Division
of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15232, United States
- Department
of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- Center
for Systems Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Avani Parikh
- UPMC
Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15232, United States
- Division
of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15232, United States
- Department
of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- Center
for Systems Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Alexander Deiters
- Center
for Systems Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Jason Lohmueller
- UPMC
Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15232, United States
- Division
of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15232, United States
- Department
of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- Center
for Systems Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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10
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Porębska N, Ciura K, Chorążewska A, Zakrzewska M, Otlewski J, Opaliński Ł. Multivalent protein-drug conjugates - An emerging strategy for the upgraded precision and efficiency of drug delivery to cancer cells. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 67:108213. [PMID: 37453463 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
With almost 20 million new cases per year, cancer constitutes one of the most important challenges for public health systems. Unlike traditional chemotherapy, targeted anti-cancer strategies employ sophisticated therapeutics to precisely identify and attack cancer cells, limiting the impact of drugs on healthy cells and thereby minimizing the unwanted side effects of therapy. Protein drug conjugates (PDCs) are a rapidly growing group of targeted therapeutics, composed of a cancer-recognition factor covalently coupled to a cytotoxic drug. Several PDCs, mainly in the form of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) that employ monoclonal antibodies as cancer-recognition molecules, are used in the clinic and many PDCs are currently in clinical trials. Highly selective, strong and stable interaction of the PDC with the tumor marker, combined with efficient, rapid endocytosis of the receptor/PDC complex and its subsequent effective delivery to lysosomes, is critical for the efficacy of targeted cancer therapy with PDCs. However, the bivalent architecture of contemporary clinical PDCs is not optimal for tumor receptor recognition or PDCs internalization. In this review, we focus on multivalent PDCs, which represent a rapidly evolving and highly promising therapeutics that overcome most of the limitations of current bivalent PDCs, enhancing the precision and efficiency of drug delivery to cancer cells. We present an expanding set of protein scaffolds used to generate multivalent PDCs that, in addition to folding into well-defined multivalent molecular structures, enable site-specific conjugation of the cytotoxic drug to ensure PDC homogeneity. We provide an overview of the architectures of multivalent PDCs developed to date, emphasizing their efficacy in the targeted treatment of various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Porębska
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Department of Protein Engineering, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Ciura
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Department of Protein Engineering, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Chorążewska
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Department of Protein Engineering, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Zakrzewska
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Department of Protein Engineering, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland
| | - Jacek Otlewski
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Department of Protein Engineering, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland
| | - Łukasz Opaliński
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Department of Protein Engineering, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland.
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11
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Carmody CM, Nugen SR. Monomeric streptavidin phage display allows efficient immobilization of bacteriophages on magnetic particles for the capture, separation, and detection of bacteria. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16207. [PMID: 37758721 PMCID: PMC10533843 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42626-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Immobilization of bacteriophages onto solid supports such as magnetic particles has demonstrated ultralow detection limits as biosensors for the separation and detection of their host bacteria. While the potential impact of magnetized phages is high, the current methods of immobilization are either weak, costly, inefficient, or laborious making them less viable for commercialization. In order to bridge this gap, we have developed a highly efficient, site-specific, and low-cost method to immobilize bacteriophages onto solid supports. While streptavidin-biotin represents an ideal conjugation method, the functionalization of magnetic particles with streptavidin requires square meters of coverage and therefore is not amenable to a low-cost assay. Here, we genetically engineered bacteriophages to allow synthesis of a monomeric streptavidin during infection of the bacterial host. The monomeric streptavidin was fused to a capsid protein (Hoc) to allow site-specific self-assembly of up to 155 fusion proteins per capsid. Biotin coated magnetic nanoparticles were functionalized with mSA-Hoc T4 phage demonstrated in an E. coli detection assay with a limit of detection of < 10 CFU in 100 mLs of water. This work highlights the creation of genetically modified bacteriophages with a novel capsid modification, expanding the potential for bacteriophage functionalized biotechnologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin M Carmody
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Sam R Nugen
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
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12
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Strebinger D, Frangieh CJ, Friedrich MJ, Faure G, Macrae RK, Zhang F. Cell type-specific delivery by modular envelope design. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5141. [PMID: 37612276 PMCID: PMC10447438 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40788-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The delivery of genetic cargo remains one of the largest obstacles to the successful translation of experimental therapies, in large part due to the absence of targetable delivery vectors. Enveloped delivery modalities use viral envelope proteins, which determine tropism and induce membrane fusion. Here we develop DIRECTED (Delivery to Intended REcipient Cells Through Envelope Design), a modular platform that consists of separate fusion and targeting components. To achieve high modularity and programmable cell type specificity, we develop multiple strategies to recruit or immobilize antibodies on the viral envelope, including a chimeric antibody binding protein and a SNAP-tag enabling the use of antibodies or other proteins as targeting molecules. Moreover, we show that fusogens from multiple viral families are compatible with DIRECTED and that DIRECTED components can target multiple delivery chassis (e.g., lentivirus and MMLV gag) to specific cell types, including primary human T cells in PBMCs and whole blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Strebinger
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Chris J Frangieh
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Mirco J Friedrich
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Guilhem Faure
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Rhiannon K Macrae
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Feng Zhang
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
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13
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Zhang A, Loh KY, Kadur CS, Michalek L, Dou J, Ramakrishnan C, Bao Z, Deisseroth K. Genetically targeted chemical assembly of polymers specifically localized extracellularly to surface membranes of living neurons. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadi1870. [PMID: 37556541 PMCID: PMC10411876 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi1870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Multicellular biological systems, particularly living neural networks, exhibit highly complex organization properties that pose difficulties for building cell-specific biocompatible interfaces. We previously developed an approach to genetically program cells to assemble structures that modify electrical properties of neurons in situ, opening up the possibility of building minimally invasive cell-specific structures and interfaces. However, the efficiency and biocompatibility of this approach were challenged by limited membrane targeting of the constructed materials. Here, we design a method for highly localized expression of enzymes targeted to the plasma membrane of primary neurons, with minimal intracellular retention. Next, we show that polymers synthesized in situ by this approach form dense extracellular clusters selectively on the targeted cell membrane and that neurons remain viable after polymerization. Last, we show generalizability of this method across a range of design strategies. This platform can be readily extended to incorporate a broad diversity of materials onto specific cell membranes within tissues and may further enable next-generation biological interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kang Yong Loh
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford Chemistry, Engineering and Medicine for Human Health (ChEM-H), Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Chandan S. Kadur
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Lukas Michalek
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jiayi Dou
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Charu Ramakrishnan
- CNC Program, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Zhenan Bao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Karl Deisseroth
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- CNC Program, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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14
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Rhym LH, Manan RS, Koller A, Stephanie G, Anderson DG. Peptide-encoding mRNA barcodes for the high-throughput in vivo screening of libraries of lipid nanoparticles for mRNA delivery. Nat Biomed Eng 2023; 7:901-910. [PMID: 37127709 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-023-01030-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Developing safe and effective nanoparticles for the delivery of messenger RNA (mRNA) is slow and expensive, partly due to the lack of predictive power of in vitro screening methods and the low-throughput nature of in vivo screening. While DNA barcoding and batch analysis present methods for increasing in vivo screening throughput, they can also result in incomplete or misleading measures of efficacy. Here, we describe a high-throughput and accurate method for the screening of pooled nanoparticle formulations within the same animal. The method uses liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry to detect peptide barcodes translated from mRNAs in nanoparticle-transfected cells. We show the method's applicability by evaluating a library of over 400 nanoparticle formulations with 384 unique ionizable lipids using only nine mice to optimize the formulation of a biodegradable lipid nanoparticle for mRNA delivery to the liver. Barcoding lipid nanoparticles with peptide-encoding mRNAs may facilitate the rapid development of nanoparticles for mRNA delivery to specific cells and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke H Rhym
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Rajith S Manan
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Antonius Koller
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Georgina Stephanie
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Daniel G Anderson
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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15
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Pan C, Ye J, Zhang S, Li X, Shi Y, Guo Y, Wang K, Sun P, Wu J, Wang H, Zhu L. Production of a promising modular proteinaceous self-assembled delivery system for vaccination. NANOSCALE 2023. [PMID: 37326289 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr06718h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Recently, there have been enormous advances in nano-delivery materials, especially safer and more biocompatible protein-based nanoparticles. Generally, proteinaceous nanoparticles (such as ferritin and virus-like particles) are self-assembled from some natural protein monomers. However, to ensure their capability of assembly, it is difficult to upgrade the protein structure through major modifications. Here, we have developed an efficient orthogonal modular proteinaceous self-assembly delivery system that could load antigens with an attractive coupling strategy. In brief, we constructed a nanocarrier by fusing two orthogonal domains-a pentameric cholera toxin B subunit and a trimer forming peptide-and an engineered streptavidin monomer for binding biotinylated antigens. After successfully preparing the nanoparticles, the receptor-binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and influenza virus haemagglutination antigen are used as model antigens for further evaluation. We found that the biotinylated antigen is able to bind to the nanoparticles with high affinity and achieve efficient lymph node drainage when loaded on the nanoparticles. Then, T cells are greatly activated and the formation of germinal centers is observed. Experiments of two mouse models demonstrate the strong antibody responses and prophylactic effects of these nanovaccines. Thus, we establish a proof-of-concept for the delivery system with the potential to load diverse antigen cargos to generate high-performance nanovaccines, thereby offering an attractive platform technology for nanovaccine preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, 100071, PR China.
| | - Jingqin Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, 100071, PR China.
| | - Sen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Millitary Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100071, PR China
| | - Xiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, 100071, PR China.
| | - Yixin Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, 100071, PR China.
| | - Yan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, 100071, PR China.
| | - Kangfeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, 100071, PR China.
- College of Life Science, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, PR China
| | - Peng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, 100071, PR China.
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Jun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, 100071, PR China.
| | - Hengliang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, 100071, PR China.
| | - Li Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, 100071, PR China.
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16
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Kheirandish MH, Rahmani B, Zarei Jaliani H, Barkhordari F, Mazlomi MA, Davami F. Efficient site-specific integration in CHO-K1 cells using CRISPR/Cas9-modified donors. Mol Biol Rep 2023:10.1007/s11033-023-08529-8. [PMID: 37244887 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08529-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Conventional methods applied to develop recombinant CHO (rCHO) cell line as a predominant host for mammalian protein expression are limited to random integration approaches, which can prolong the process of getting the desired clones for months. CRISPR/Cas9 could be an alternative by mediating site-specific integration into transcriptionally active hot spots, promoting homogenous clones, and shortening the clonal selection process. However, applying this approach for the rCHO cell line development depends on an acceptable integration rate and robust sites for the sustained expression. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, we aimed at improving the rate of GFP reporter integration to the Chromosome 3 (Chr3) pseudo-attP site of the CHO-K1 genome via two strategies; these include the PCR-based donor linearization and increasing local concentration of donor in the vicinity of DSB site by applying the monomeric streptavidin (mSA)-biotin tethering approach. According to the results, compared to the conventional CRISPR-mediated targeting, donor linearization and tethering methods exhibited 1.6- and 2.4-fold improvement in knock-in efficiency; among on-target clones, 84% and 73% were determined to be single copy by the quantitative PCR, respectively. Finally, to evaluate the expression level of the targeted integration, the expression cassette of hrsACE2 as a secretory protein was targeted to the Chr3 pseudo-attP site by applying the established tethering method. The generated cell pool reached 2-fold productivity, as compared to the random integration cell line. CONCLUSION Our study suggested reliable strategies for enhancing the CRISPR-mediated integration, introducing Chr3 pseudo-attP site as a potential candidate for the sustained transgene expression, which might be applied to promote the rCHO cell line development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hassan Kheirandish
- Medical Biotechnology Department, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behnaz Rahmani
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Hossein Zarei Jaliani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Ali Mazlomi
- Medical Biotechnology Department, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Davami
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
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17
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Kvorjak M, Ruffo E, Tivon Y, So V, Parikh AB, Deiters A, Lohmueller J. Conditional control of universal CAR T cells by cleavable OFF-switch adaptors. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.22.541664. [PMID: 37292935 PMCID: PMC10245878 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.22.541664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
As living drugs, engineered T cell therapies are revolutionizing disease treatment with their unique functional capabilities. However, they suffer from limitations of potentially unpredictable behavior, toxicities, and non-traditional pharmacokinetics. Engineering conditional control mechanisms responsive to tractable stimuli such as small molecules or light is thus highly desirable. We and others previously developed "universal" chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) that interact with co-administered antibody adaptors to direct target cell killing and T cell activation. Universal CARs are of high therapeutic interest due to their ability to simultaneously target multiple antigens on the same disease or different diseases by combining with adaptors to different antigens. Here, we further enhance the programmability and potential safety of universal CAR T cells by engineering OFF-switch adaptors that can conditionally control CAR activity, including T cell activation, target cell lysis, and transgene expression, in response to a small molecule or light stimulus. Moreover, in adaptor combination assays, OFF-switch adaptors were capable of orthogonal conditional targeting of multiple antigens simultaneously following Boolean logic. OFF-switch adaptors represent a robust new approach for precision targeting of universal CAR T cells with potential for enhanced safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kvorjak
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
- University of Pittsburgh, Center for Systems Immunology, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Elisa Ruffo
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
- University of Pittsburgh, Center for Systems Immunology, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Yaniv Tivon
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Chemistry, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Victor So
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
- University of Pittsburgh, Center for Systems Immunology, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Avani B. Parikh
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
- University of Pittsburgh, Center for Systems Immunology, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Alexander Deiters
- University of Pittsburgh, Center for Systems Immunology, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Chemistry, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Jason Lohmueller
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
- University of Pittsburgh, Center for Systems Immunology, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
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18
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Ruffo E, Butchy AA, Tivon Y, So V, Kvorjak M, Parikh A, Adams EL, Miskov-Zivanov N, Finn OJ, Deiters A, Lohmueller J. Post-translational covalent assembly of CAR and synNotch receptors for programmable antigen targeting. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2463. [PMID: 37160880 PMCID: PMC10169838 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37863-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) and synthetic Notch (synNotch) receptors are engineered cell-surface receptors that sense a target antigen and respond by activating T cell receptor signaling or a customized gene program, respectively. Here, to expand the targeting capabilities of these receptors, we develop "universal" receptor systems for which receptor specificity can be directed post-translationally via covalent attachment of a co-administered antibody bearing a benzylguanine (BG) motif. A SNAPtag self-labeling enzyme is genetically fused to the receptor and reacts with BG-conjugated antibodies for covalent assembly, programming antigen recognition. We demonstrate that activation of SNAP-CAR and SNAP-synNotch receptors can be successfully targeted by clinically relevant BG-conjugated antibodies, including anti-tumor activity of SNAP-CAR T cells in vivo in a human tumor xenograft mouse model. Finally, we develop a mathematical model to better define the parameters affecting universal receptor signaling. SNAP receptors provide a powerful strategy to post-translationally reprogram the targeting specificity of engineered cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Ruffo
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Systems Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Adam A Butchy
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yaniv Tivon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Victor So
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Systems Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Michael Kvorjak
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Systems Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Avani Parikh
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Systems Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Eric L Adams
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Systems Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Natasa Miskov-Zivanov
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Olivera J Finn
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alexander Deiters
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jason Lohmueller
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Center for Systems Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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19
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Kim KR, Lee AS, Kim SM, Heo HR, Kim CS. Virus-like nanoparticles as a theranostic platform for cancer. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 10:1106767. [PMID: 36714624 PMCID: PMC9878189 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1106767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Virus-like nanoparticles (VLPs) are natural polymer-based nanomaterials that mimic viral structures through the hierarchical assembly of viral coat proteins, while lacking viral genomes. VLPs have received enormous attention in a wide range of nanotechnology-based medical diagnostics and therapies, including cancer therapy, imaging, and theranostics. VLPs are biocompatible and biodegradable and have a uniform structure and controllable assembly. They can encapsulate a wide range of therapeutic and diagnostic agents, and can be genetically or chemically modified. These properties have led to sophisticated multifunctional theranostic platforms. This article reviews the current progress in developing and applying engineered VLPs for molecular imaging, drug delivery, and multifunctional theranostics in cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyeong Rok Kim
- Graduate School of Biochemistry, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Ae Sol Lee
- Graduate School of Biochemistry, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Su Min Kim
- Graduate School of Biochemistry, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Hye Ryoung Heo
- Senotherapy-Based Metabolic Disease Control Research Center, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea,*Correspondence: Chang Sup Kim, ; Hye Ryoung Heo,
| | - Chang Sup Kim
- Graduate School of Biochemistry, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea,School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea,*Correspondence: Chang Sup Kim, ; Hye Ryoung Heo,
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20
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Zhai Y, Yu H, Liu X, Zhang M, Han R, Yin C, Liu X, Li H, Li J, Song X. Visual detection of Staphylococcus aureus based on immunomagnetic separation and polymerase spiral reaction. Food Control 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2023.109621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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21
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McCue AC, Yao Z, Kuhlman B. Advances in modular control of CAR-T therapy with adapter-mediated CARs. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 187:114358. [PMID: 35618140 PMCID: PMC9939278 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Protein engineering has contributed to successes in the field of T cell-based immunotherapy, including chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy. CAR T cell therapy has become a pillar of cancer immunotherapy, demonstrating clinical effectiveness against B cell malignancies by targeting the B cell antigen CD19. Current gene editing techniques have limited safety controls over CAR T cell activity, which presents a hurdle for control of CAR T cells in patients. Alternatively, CAR T cell activity can be controlled by engineering CARs to bind soluble adapter molecules that direct the interaction between the CAR T cell and target cell. The flexibility in this adapter-mediated approach overcomes the rigid specificity of traditional CAR T cells to allow targeting of multiple cell types. Here we describe adapter CAR T technologies and how these methods emphasize the growing role of protein engineering in the design of programmable tools for T cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia C McCue
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Zhiyuan Yao
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Brian Kuhlman
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA.
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22
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Fottner M, Heimgärtner J, Gantz M, Mühlhofer R, Nast-Kolb T, Lang K. Site-Specific Protein Labeling and Generation of Defined Ubiquitin-Protein Conjugates Using an Asparaginyl Endopeptidase. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:13118-13126. [PMID: 35850488 PMCID: PMC9335880 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c02191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
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Asparaginyl endopeptidases
(AEPs) have recently been widely utilized
for peptide and protein modification. Labeling is however restricted
to protein termini, severely limiting flexibility and scope in creating
diverse conjugates as needed for therapeutic and diagnostic applications.
Here, we use genetic code expansion to site-specifically modify target
proteins with an isopeptide-linked glycylglycine moiety that serves
as an acceptor nucleophile in AEP-mediated transpeptidation with various
probes containing a tripeptidic recognition motif. Our approach allows
simple and flexible labeling of recombinant proteins at any internal
site and leaves a minimal, entirely peptidic footprint (NGG) in the
conjugation product. We show site-specific labeling of diverse target
proteins with various biophysical probes, including dual labeling
at an internal site and the N-terminus. Furthermore, we harness AEP-mediated
transpeptidation for generation of ubiquitin- and ubiquitin-like-modifier
conjugates bearing a native isopeptide bond and only one point mutation
in the linker region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Fottner
- Laboratory for Organic Chemistry (LOC), Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences (D-CHAB), ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Johannes Heimgärtner
- Laboratory for Organic Chemistry (LOC), Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences (D-CHAB), ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maximilian Gantz
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Rahel Mühlhofer
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Timon Nast-Kolb
- Center for Protein Assemblies (CPA) and Lehrstuhl für Biophysik (E27), Physics Department, Technical University of Munich, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Str. 8, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Kathrin Lang
- Laboratory for Organic Chemistry (LOC), Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences (D-CHAB), ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
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23
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Morreale FE, Kleine S, Leodolter J, Junker S, Hoi DM, Ovchinnikov S, Okun A, Kley J, Kurzbauer R, Junk L, Guha S, Podlesainski D, Kazmaier U, Boehmelt G, Weinstabl H, Rumpel K, Schmiedel VM, Hartl M, Haselbach D, Meinhart A, Kaiser M, Clausen T. BacPROTACs mediate targeted protein degradation in bacteria. Cell 2022; 185:2338-2353.e18. [PMID: 35662409 PMCID: PMC9240326 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hijacking the cellular protein degradation system offers unique opportunities for drug discovery, as exemplified by proteolysis-targeting chimeras. Despite their great promise for medical chemistry, so far, it has not been possible to reprogram the bacterial degradation machinery to interfere with microbial infections. Here, we develop small-molecule degraders, so-called BacPROTACs, that bind to the substrate receptor of the ClpC:ClpP protease, priming neo-substrates for degradation. In addition to their targeting function, BacPROTACs activate ClpC, transforming the resting unfoldase into its functional state. The induced higher-order oligomer was visualized by cryo-EM analysis, providing a structural snapshot of activated ClpC unfolding a protein substrate. Finally, drug susceptibility and degradation assays performed in mycobacteria demonstrate in vivo activity of BacPROTACs, allowing selective targeting of endogenous proteins via fusion to an established degron. In addition to guiding antibiotic discovery, the BacPROTAC technology presents a versatile research tool enabling the inducible degradation of bacterial proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca E Morreale
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna Biocenter, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Kleine
- University of Duisburg-Essen, Center of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Julia Leodolter
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna Biocenter, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sabryna Junker
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna Biocenter, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - David M Hoi
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna Biocenter, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Stepan Ovchinnikov
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna Biocenter, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Anastasia Okun
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna Biocenter, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Juliane Kley
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna Biocenter, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Robert Kurzbauer
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna Biocenter, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Junk
- Saarland University, Organic Chemistry I, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Somraj Guha
- Saarland University, Organic Chemistry I, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - David Podlesainski
- University of Duisburg-Essen, Center of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Uli Kazmaier
- Saarland University, Organic Chemistry I, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Guido Boehmelt
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, 1120 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Klaus Rumpel
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, 1120 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Markus Hartl
- Max Perutz Laboratories, Vienna Biocenter, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - David Haselbach
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna Biocenter, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Anton Meinhart
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna Biocenter, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Kaiser
- University of Duisburg-Essen, Center of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, 45141 Essen, Germany.
| | - Tim Clausen
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna Biocenter, 1030 Vienna, Austria; Medical University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria.
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24
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Lian H, Jiang J, Wang Y, Yu X, Zheng R, Long J, Zhou M, Zhou S, Wei C, Zhao A, Gao J. A novel multimeric sCD19-streptavidin fusion protein for functional detection and selective expansion of CD19-targeted CAR-T cells. Cancer Med 2022; 11:2978-2989. [PMID: 35621033 PMCID: PMC9359867 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background CARs are engineered receptors comprising an immunoglobulin single‐chain variable fragment (scFv) that identifies and binds to the target antigen, a transmembrane domain, and an intracellular T‐cell signaling domain. CD19 is a B lineage‐specific transmembrane glycoprotein and is expressed in more than 95% of B‐cell malignancies. Streptavidin (SA) is a homo‐tetrameric protein derived from Streptomyces avidinii, which can bind four biotin molecules with an extremely high affinity at a Kd value of 10‐15 M. Aims The aim of the study is to generate a novel soluble multimeric fusion protein, sCD19‐streptavidin (sCD19‐SA) for functional detection and selective expansion of CD19‐targeted CAR‐T cells. Methods The fusion proteins CD19‐SA was expressed in CHO cells and purified by use of Ni‐nitrilotriacetic acid agarose beads. Results A novel fusion protein (sCD19‐SA) was generated, consisting of the extracellular domain of human CD19 and the core region of SA, and could be used to functionally detect CD19‐targeted CAR‐T cells. Furthermore, this protein was demonstrated to form multimers to activate CAR‐T cells to induce their selective expansion. Importantly, sCD19‐SA‐stimulated CD19‐targeted CAR‐T cells could improve antitumor effects in vivo. Conclusions Our study has highlighted the potential of utilizing antigen‐SA fusion proteins such as sCD19‐SA for CAR‐T therapy for the functional detection of CAR expression and selective expansion of CAR‐T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Lian
- The First People's Hospital of Linping District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology and Application of Model Organisms, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jinhong Jiang
- Department of Hematology, Lishui People's Hospital, Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology and Application of Model Organisms, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Yu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology and Application of Model Organisms, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Rong Zheng
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology and Application of Model Organisms, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing Long
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology and Application of Model Organisms, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mengjie Zhou
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology and Application of Model Organisms, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shirong Zhou
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology and Application of Model Organisms, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Cheng Wei
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology and Application of Model Organisms, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ai Zhao
- Department of Geriatric, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jimin Gao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology and Application of Model Organisms, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Zhejiang Qixin Biotech, Wenzhou, China
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25
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Xue Y, Qiu T, Sun Z, Liu F, Yu B. Mercury bioremediation by engineered Pseudomonas putida KT2440 with adaptationally optimized biosecurity circuit. Environ Microbiol 2022; 24:3022-3036. [PMID: 35555952 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Hazardous materials, such as heavy metals, are the major sources of health risk. Using genetically modified organisms (GMOs) to dispose heavy metals has the advantages of strong environmental compatibility and high efficiency. However, the biosecurity of GMOs used in the environment is a major concern. In this study, a self-controlled genetic circuit was designed and carefully fine-tuned for programmable expression in Pseudomonas putida KT2440, which is a widely used strain for environmental bioremediation. The cell behaviours were controlled by automatically sensing the variation of Hg2+ concentration without any inducer requirement or manual interventions. More than 98% Hg2+ was adsorbed by the engineered strain with a high cell recovery rate of 96% from waterbody. The remaining cells were killed by the suicide module after the mission was accomplished. The escape frequency of the engineered P. putida strain was lower than 10-9 , which meets the recommendation of US NIH guideline for GMOs release (<10-8 ). The same performance was achieved in a model experiment by using natural lake water with addition of Hg2+ . The microbial diversity analysis further confirmed that the remediation process made little impact on the indigenous ecosystem. Thus, this study provides a practical method for environmental remediation by using GMOs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubin Xue
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological & Metabolic Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Tianlei Qiu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Beijing Agro-Biotechnology Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Zhi Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological & Metabolic Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Feixia Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological & Metabolic Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Bo Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological & Metabolic Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
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26
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Santos MS, Liu H, Schittny V, Vanella R, Nash MA. Correlating single-molecule rupture mechanics with cell population adhesion by yeast display. BIOPHYSICAL REPORTS 2022; 2:None. [PMID: 35284851 PMCID: PMC8904261 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpr.2021.100035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Sá Santos
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland
- Systems Biology PhD program, Life Science Zurich Graduate School, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Haipei Liu
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Valentin Schittny
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rosario Vanella
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael A. Nash
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland
- Corresponding author
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27
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Construction of Orthogonal Modular Proteinaceous Nanovaccine Delivery Vectors Based on mSA-Biotin Binding. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12050734. [PMID: 35269221 PMCID: PMC8911943 DOI: 10.3390/nano12050734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Proteinaceous nanovaccine delivery systems have significantly promoted the development of various high-efficiency vaccines. However, the widely used method of coupling the expression of scaffolds and antigens may result in their structural interference with each other. Monovalent streptavidin (mSA) is a short monomer sequence, which has a strong affinity for biotin. Here, we discuss an orthogonal, modular, and highly versatile self-assembled proteinaceous nanoparticle chassis that facilitates combinations with various antigen cargos by using mSA and biotin to produce nanovaccines. We first improved the yield of these nanoparticles by appending a short sugar chain on their surfaces in a constructed host strain. After confirming the strong ability to induce both Th1- and Th2-mediated immune responses based on the plasma cytokine spectrum from immunized mice, we further verified the binding ability of biotinylated nanoparticles to mSA-antigens. These results demonstrate that our biotinylated nanoparticle chassis could load both protein and polysaccharide antigens containing mSA at a high affinity. Our approach thus offers an attractive technology for combining nanoparticles and antigen cargos to generate various high-performance nanovaccines. In particular, the designed mSA connector (mSA containing glycosylation modification sequences) could couple with polysaccharide antigens, providing a new attractive strategy to prepare nanoscale conjugate vaccines.
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28
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Chen R, Zhang N, Zhou Y, Jing J. Optical Sensors and Actuators for Probing Proximity-Dependent Biotinylation in Living Cells. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:801644. [PMID: 35250484 PMCID: PMC8890125 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.801644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Proximity-dependent biotinylation techniques have been gaining wide applications in the systematic analysis of protein-protein interactions (PPIs) on a proteome-wide scale in living cells. The engineered biotin ligase TurboID is among the most widely adopted given its enhanced biotinylation efficiency, but it faces the background biotinylation complication that might confound proteomic data interpretation. To address this issue, we report herein a set of split TurboID variants that can be reversibly assembled by using light (designated “OptoID”), which enable optogenetic control of biotinylation based proximity labeling in living cells. OptoID could be further coupled with an engineered monomeric streptavidin that permits real-time monitoring of biotinylation with high temporal precision. These optical actuators and sensors will likely find broad applications in precise proximity proteomics and rapid detection of biotinylation in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ningxia Zhang
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Oncology, Institute of Clinical Science, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yubin Zhou
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Center for Translational Cancer Research, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: Yubin Zhou,
| | - Ji Jing
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Ji Jing,
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29
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Meanor JN, Keung AJ, Rao BM. Modified Histone Peptides Linked to Magnetic Beads Reduce Binding Specificity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031691. [PMID: 35163614 PMCID: PMC8836101 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone post-translational modifications are small chemical changes to the histone protein structure that have cascading effects on diverse cellular functions. Detecting histone modifications and characterizing their binding partners are critical steps in understanding chromatin biochemistry and have been accessed using common reagents such as antibodies, recombinant assays, and FRET-based systems. High-throughput platforms could accelerate work in this field, and also could be used to engineer de novo histone affinity reagents; yet, published studies on their use with histones have been noticeably sparse. Here, we describe specific experimental conditions that affect binding specificities of post-translationally modified histones in classic protein engineering platforms and likely explain the relative difficulty with histone targets in these platforms. We also show that manipulating avidity of binding interactions may improve specificity of binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna N. Meanor
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7905, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA;
| | - Albert J. Keung
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7905, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA;
- Correspondence: (A.J.K.); (B.M.R.)
| | - Balaji M. Rao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7905, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA;
- Golden LEAF Biomanufacturing Training and Education Center (BTEC), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
- Correspondence: (A.J.K.); (B.M.R.)
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30
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Javanmardi K, Chou CW, Terrace CI, Annapareddy A, Kaoud TS, Guo Q, Lutgens J, Zorkic H, Horton AP, Gardner EC, Nguyen G, Boutz DR, Goike J, Voss WN, Kuo HC, Dalby KN, Gollihar JD, Finkelstein IJ. Rapid characterization of spike variants via mammalian cell surface display. Mol Cell 2021; 81:5099-5111.e8. [PMID: 34919820 PMCID: PMC8675084 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2021.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 spike protein is a critical component of vaccines and a target for neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (nAbs). Spike is also undergoing immunogenic selection with variants that increase infectivity and partially escape convalescent plasma. Here, we describe Spike Display, a high-throughput platform to rapidly characterize glycosylated spike ectodomains across multiple coronavirus-family proteins. We assayed ∼200 variant SARS-CoV-2 spikes for their expression, ACE2 binding, and recognition by 13 nAbs. An alanine scan of all five N-terminal domain (NTD) loops highlights a public epitope in the N1, N3, and N5 loops recognized by most NTD-binding nAbs. NTD mutations in variants of concern B.1.1.7 (alpha), B.1.351 (beta), B.1.1.28 (gamma), B.1.427/B.1.429 (epsilon), and B.1.617.2 (delta) impact spike expression and escape most NTD-targeting nAbs. Finally, B.1.351 and B.1.1.28 completely escape a potent ACE2 mimic. We anticipate that Spike Display will accelerate antigen design, deep scanning mutagenesis, and antibody epitope mapping for SARS-CoV-2 and other emerging viral threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamyab Javanmardi
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
| | - Chia-Wei Chou
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | | | - Ankur Annapareddy
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Tamer S Kaoud
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Qingqing Guo
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Josh Lutgens
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Hayley Zorkic
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Andrew P Horton
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Elizabeth C Gardner
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Giaochau Nguyen
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | | | - Jule Goike
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - William N Voss
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Hung-Che Kuo
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Kevin N Dalby
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Jimmy D Gollihar
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA; CCDC Army Research Laboratory-South, Austin, TX, USA; Center for Molecular and Translational Human Infectious Diseases Research, Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA; Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Ilya J Finkelstein
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA; Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
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31
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Nödling AR, Santi N, Castillo R, Lipka-Lloyd M, Jin Y, Morrill LC, Świderek K, Moliner V, Luk LYP. The role of streptavidin and its variants in catalysis by biotinylated secondary amines. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:10424-10431. [PMID: 34825690 PMCID: PMC8652411 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01947c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Here, we combine the use of host screening, protein crystallography and QM/MM molecular dynamics simulations to investigate how the protein structure affects iminium catalysis by biotinylated secondary amines in a model 1,4 conjugate addition reaction. Monomeric streptavidin (M-Sav) lacks a quaternary structure and the solvent-exposed reaction site resulted in poor product conversion in the model reaction with low enantio- and regioselectivities. These parameters were much improved when the tetrameric host T-Sav was used; indeed, residues at the symmetrical subunit interface were proven to be critical for catalysis through a mutagenesis study. The use of QM/MM simulations and the asymmetric dimeric variant D-Sav revealed that both Lys121 residues which are located in the hosting and neighboring subunits play a critical role in controlling the stereoselectivity and reactivity. Lastly, the D-Sav template, though providing a lower conversion than that of the symmetric tetrameric counterpart, is likely a better starting point for future protein engineering because each surrounding residue within the asymmetric scaffold can be refined for secondary amine catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander R Nödling
- School of Chemistry, Main Building, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK.
| | - Nicolò Santi
- School of Chemistry, Main Building, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK.
| | - Raquel Castillo
- Department de Química Física i Analítica, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón, 12071, Spain.
| | | | - Yi Jin
- School of Chemistry, Main Building, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK.
| | - Louis C Morrill
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Main Building, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Katarzyna Świderek
- Department de Química Física i Analítica, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón, 12071, Spain.
| | - Vicent Moliner
- Department de Química Física i Analítica, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón, 12071, Spain.
| | - Louis Y P Luk
- School of Chemistry, Main Building, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK.
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Main Building, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
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32
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Goel D, Sinha S. Naturally occurring protein nano compartments: basic structure, function, and genetic engineering. NANO EXPRESS 2021. [DOI: 10.1088/2632-959x/ac2c93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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33
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Duan SB, Wei SS, Wang HM, Ding SH, Chen YZ, Tian JJ, Wang YJ, Chen W, Chen J, Meng QL. Intein-Mediated Protein trans-Splicing of the Recombinant Streptavidin on Magnetosomes. Mol Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893321050058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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34
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Waldman AC, Rao BM, Keung AJ. Mapping the residue specificities of epigenome enzymes by yeast surface display. Cell Chem Biol 2021; 28:1772-1779.e4. [PMID: 34186032 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2021.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Histone proteins are decorated with a combinatorially and numerically diverse set of biochemical modifications. Here, we describe a versatile and scalable approach which enables efficient characterization of histone modifications without the need for recombinant protein production. As proof-of-concept, we first use this system to rapidly profile the histone H3 and H4 residue writing specificities of the human histone acetyltransferase, p300. Subsequently, a large panel of commercially available anti-acetylation antibodies are screened for their specificities, identifying many suitable and unsuitable reagents. Furthermore, this approach enables efficient mapping of the large binary crosstalk space between acetylated residues on histones H3 and H4 and uncovers residue interdependencies affecting p300 activity. These results show that using yeast surface display to study histone modifications is a useful tool that can advance our understanding of chromatin biology by enabling efficient interrogation of the complexity of epigenome modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison C Waldman
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7905, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Balaji M Rao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7905, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA; Golden LEAF Biomanufacturing Training and Education Center (BTEC), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
| | - Albert J Keung
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7905, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA.
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35
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Michaluk P, Heller JP, Rusakov DA. Rapid recycling of glutamate transporters on the astroglial surface. eLife 2021; 10:e64714. [PMID: 33860761 PMCID: PMC8079145 DOI: 10.7554/elife.64714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutamate uptake by astroglial transporters confines excitatory transmission to the synaptic cleft. The efficiency of this mechanism depends on the transporter dynamics in the astrocyte membrane, which remains poorly understood. Here, we visualise the main glial glutamate transporter GLT1 by generating its pH-sensitive fluorescent analogue, GLT1-SEP. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching-based imaging shows that 70-75% of GLT1-SEP dwell on the surface of rat brain astroglia, recycling with a lifetime of ~22 s. Genetic deletion of the C-terminus accelerates GLT1-SEP membrane turnover while disrupting its surface pattern, as revealed by single-molecule localisation microscopy. Excitatory activity boosts surface mobility of GLT1-SEP, involving its C-terminus, metabotropic glutamate receptors, intracellular Ca2+, and calcineurin-phosphatase activity, but not the broad-range kinase activity. The results suggest that membrane turnover, rather than lateral diffusion, is the main 'redeployment' route for the immobile fraction (20-30%) of surface-expressed GLT1. This finding reveals an important mechanism helping to control extrasynaptic escape of glutamate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Michaluk
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
- BRAINCITY, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology PASWarsawPoland
| | - Janosch Peter Heller
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
- School of Biotechnology and National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology (NICB), Dublin City UniversityGlasnevinIreland
| | - Dmitri A Rusakov
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
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36
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Lin WZ, Ma IC, Wang JP, Hsieh PC, Liu CC, Hou SY. Highly sensitive protein detection using recombinant spores and lateral flow immunoassay. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:2235-2246. [PMID: 33608751 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03195-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Lateral flow immunoassays (LFIs) can be used to detect intact bacteria or spores; when gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are used as the signal reporters, the detection limits are very low. Spore-based surface display has been widely studied for enzyme immobilization and live-nontoxic oral vaccines. In this study, recombinant spores were used to improve the sensitivity of a LFI. We developed a test kit that combines streptavidin-displayed spores with a LFI assay for rapid protein detection. The recombinant spores served as a signal amplifier and AuNPs were used as the signal reporters. For detection of β-galactosidase, which was used as the model protein, the detection limit was about 10-15 mol, while that of the conventional LFI is about 10-12 mol. In both methods, nanogold was used as the colorimetric signal and could be observed with the naked eye. This method improved LFI sensitivity without sacrificing its advantages. Furthermore, enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) was also displayed on the surface of the streptavidin-displayed spores. Without AuNPs, the fluorescent recombinant spores acted as the signal, which could be detected by a fluorescence detector, such as a fluorescence microscope. The detection limit was 10-16 mol under fluorescence microscopy whose magnification was 25-fold. Therefore, in conclusion, in this proof of concept study, the detection limits of both proposed methods were far superior to those of traditional LFI assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Zhi Lin
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 11490, Taiwan.,Department of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 11490, Taiwan
| | - I-Cheng Ma
- Graduate Institute of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, 10608, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Pei Wang
- Graduate Institute of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, 10608, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Chun Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Biochemical and Biomedical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, 10608, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Che Liu
- Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 11490, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Yi Hou
- Graduate Institute of Biochemical and Biomedical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, 10608, Taiwan.
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37
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Lin Z, Tan X, Li F, Zhang Y, Luo P, Lin X, Liu H. Identification of aldehyde oxidase 3 as a binding protein for squid ink polysaccharides using magnetic nanoparticles. RSC Adv 2021; 11:3596-3602. [PMID: 35424304 PMCID: PMC8694236 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra09222c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
To explore the interactive molecules of squid ink polysaccharides (SIP) for further understanding the action mechanisms of SIP bio-function, this study prepared SIP binding proteins from mouse liver using superparamagnetic nanometer beads. Michaelis–Menten constant (Km) was detected from a Lineweaver–Burk double reciprocal plot to assess effect of SIP on activity of aldehyde oxidase (AOX). Results showed that three proteins, AOX-3, regucalcin (RGN) and α1-antitrypsin (A1AT3) were separated from mouse liver by magnetic nanoparticles conjugated with SIP. Contents of AOX-3 were much more than RGN and A1AT3. SIP (0.5 mg mL−1) reduced Km value of aldehyde oxidase of mouse liver from 91.79 μmol L−1 to 43.70 μmol L−1. Superparamagnetic nanometer beads bonding SIP was employed to pull down the binding protein from the liver of mouse, which was identified as aldehyde oxidase 3. By means of enzyme kinetics analysis, SIP was found to activate AOX3 enzyme activity.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Lin
- College of Chemistry & Environmental Science
- Guangdong Ocean University
- Zhanjiang 524088
- China
| | - Xiaohui Tan
- College of Chemistry & Environmental Science
- Guangdong Ocean University
- Zhanjiang 524088
- China
| | - Fangping Li
- College of Chemistry & Environmental Science
- Guangdong Ocean University
- Zhanjiang 524088
- China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Chemistry & Environmental Science
- Guangdong Ocean University
- Zhanjiang 524088
- China
| | - Ping Luo
- College of Chemistry & Environmental Science
- Guangdong Ocean University
- Zhanjiang 524088
- China
| | - Xuan Lin
- College of Chemistry & Environmental Science
- Guangdong Ocean University
- Zhanjiang 524088
- China
| | - Huazhong Liu
- College of Chemistry & Environmental Science
- Guangdong Ocean University
- Zhanjiang 524088
- China
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38
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Tang R, Murray CW, Linde IL, Kramer NJ, Lyu Z, Tsai MK, Chen LC, Cai H, Gitler AD, Engleman E, Lee W, Winslow MM. A versatile system to record cell-cell interactions. eLife 2020; 9:61080. [PMID: 33025906 PMCID: PMC7682987 DOI: 10.7554/elife.61080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-cell interactions influence all aspects of development, homeostasis, and disease. In cancer, interactions between cancer cells and stromal cells play a major role in nearly every step of carcinogenesis. Thus, the ability to record cell-cell interactions would facilitate mechanistic delineation of the role of the cancer microenvironment. Here, we describe GFP-based Touching Nexus (G-baToN) which relies upon nanobody-directed fluorescent protein transfer to enable sensitive and specific labeling of cells after cell-cell interactions. G-baToN is a generalizable system that enables physical contact-based labeling between various human and mouse cell types, including endothelial cell-pericyte, neuron-astrocyte, and diverse cancer-stromal cell pairs. A suite of orthogonal baToN tools enables reciprocal cell-cell labeling, interaction-dependent cargo transfer, and the identification of higher order cell-cell interactions across a wide range of cell types. The ability to track physically interacting cells with these simple and sensitive systems will greatly accelerate our understanding of the outputs of cell-cell interactions in cancer as well as across many biological processes. It takes the coordinated effort of more than 40 trillion cells to build and maintain a human body. This intricate process relies on cells being able to communicate across long distances, but also with their immediate neighbors. Interactions between cells in close contact are key in both health and disease, yet tracing these connections efficiently and accurately remains challenging. The surface of a cell is studded with proteins that interact with the environment, including with the proteins on neighboring cells. Using genetic engineering, it is possible to construct surface proteins that carry a fluorescent tag called green fluorescent protein (or GFP), which could help to track physical interactions between cells. Here, Tang et al. test this idea by developing a new technology named GFP-based Touching Nexus, or G-baToN for short. Sender cells carry a GFP protein tethered to their surface, while receiver cells present a synthetic element that recognizes that GFP. When the cells touch, the sender passes its GFP to the receiver, and these labelled receiver cells become ‘green’. Using this system, Tang et al. recorded physical contacts between a variety of human and mouse cells. Interactions involving more than two cells could also be detected by using different colors of fluorescent tags. Furthermore, Tang et al. showed that, alongside GFP, G-baToN could pass molecular cargo such as proteins, DNA, and other chemicals to receiver cells. This new system could help to study interactions among many different cell types. Changes in cell-to-cell contacts are a feature of diverse human diseases, including cancer. Tracking these interactions therefore could unravel new information about how cancer cells interact with their environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Tang
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | - Christopher W Murray
- Cancer Biology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | - Ian L Linde
- Immunology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | - Nicholas J Kramer
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States.,Neuroscience Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | - Zhonglin Lyu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | - Min K Tsai
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | - Leo C Chen
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | - Hongchen Cai
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | - Aaron D Gitler
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | - Edgar Engleman
- Cancer Biology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States.,Immunology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States.,Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | - Wonjae Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | - Monte M Winslow
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States.,Cancer Biology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States.,Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
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Yong S, Kim J, Chung JY, Ra S, kim SS, Kim Y. Heme Oxygenase 1-Targeted Hybrid Nanoparticle for Chemo- and Immuno-Combination Therapy in Acute Myelogenous Leukemia. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:2000487. [PMID: 32670766 PMCID: PMC7341080 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202000487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) is a fatal blood cancer with high patient mortality. Daunorubicin and cytarabine are first-line chemotherapy for AML, with bone marrow transplantation in most cases. Recently, cancer immunotherapy has been challenged in AML and leukemia-niche myeloid cells are promising targets for the AML immunotherapy. Heme oxygenase 1 (HO1) is an antioxidative and cytoprotective enzyme inducing chemo-resistant AML and has been focused as an immune checkpoint molecule in tumor microenvironments. Herein, lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticle (hNP) is loaded with tin mesoporphyrin (SnMP), a HO1-inhibitor, and non-covalently modified with an engineered antibody for leukemic cell-targeted delivery. HO1-inhibiting T-hNP (T-hNP/SnMP) enhances chemo-sensitivity in human leukemia cells. In a human AML-bearing orthotopic mouse model, intravenously injected T-hNP not only actively targets to human leukemia cells but passively targets to CD11b+ myeloid cells in a bone marrow niche. The T-hNP/SnMP enhances the chemo-therapeutic effect of daunorubicin and boosts immune response by reprogramming bone marrow myeloid cells resulting from the recruitment of the monocyte-lineage and induction of inflammatory genes. The ex vivo study demonstrates an enhanced immune response of HO1-inhibited bone marrow CD11b+ myeloid cells against apoptotic leukemia cells. Collectively, HO1-inhibiting dual cell-targeted T-hNP/SnMP has a strong potential as a novel therapeutic in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok‐Beom Yong
- Department of BioengineeringInstitute for Bioengineering and Biopharmaceutical ResearchBK 21 Plus Future Biopharmaceutical Human Resources Training and Research TeamHanyang UniversitySeoul133‐791Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehyun Kim
- Department of BioengineeringInstitute for Bioengineering and Biopharmaceutical ResearchBK 21 Plus Future Biopharmaceutical Human Resources Training and Research TeamHanyang UniversitySeoul133‐791Republic of Korea
| | - Jee Young Chung
- Department of BioengineeringInstitute for Bioengineering and Biopharmaceutical ResearchBK 21 Plus Future Biopharmaceutical Human Resources Training and Research TeamHanyang UniversitySeoul133‐791Republic of Korea
| | - Sehee Ra
- Department of BioengineeringInstitute for Bioengineering and Biopharmaceutical ResearchBK 21 Plus Future Biopharmaceutical Human Resources Training and Research TeamHanyang UniversitySeoul133‐791Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Su kim
- Department of BioengineeringInstitute for Bioengineering and Biopharmaceutical ResearchBK 21 Plus Future Biopharmaceutical Human Resources Training and Research TeamHanyang UniversitySeoul133‐791Republic of Korea
| | - Yong‐Hee Kim
- Department of BioengineeringInstitute for Bioengineering and Biopharmaceutical ResearchBK 21 Plus Future Biopharmaceutical Human Resources Training and Research TeamHanyang UniversitySeoul133‐791Republic of Korea
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40
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Dynamics of the HIV Gag Lattice Detected by Localization Correlation Analysis and Time-Lapse iPALM. Biophys J 2020; 119:581-592. [PMID: 32652060 PMCID: PMC7399489 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2020.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Immature human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) virions have a lattice of Gag and Gag-Pol proteins anchored to the lumen of their envelope. Using electron microscopy, we demonstrate that HIV virus-like particles (VLPs) assembled by the viral protein Gag and tagged at its C-terminus with the fluorescent protein Dendra2 have the same morphology and size as the VLPs assembled using only HIV Gag. We characterize the photophysical properties of Dendra2 and demonstrate that 60% of Dendra2 molecules can be photoswitched and reliably counted in our interferometric photoactivated localization microscopy (iPALM) setup. We further perform iPALM imaging on immobilized HIV Gag-Dendra2 VLPs and demonstrate that we can localize and count 900–1600 Dendra2 molecules within each immobilized VLP with a single-molecule localization precision better than (10 nm)3. Our molecular counts correspond to 1400–2400 Gag-Dendra2 proteins incorporated within each VLP. We further calculate temporal correlation functions of localization data, which we present as localization correlation analysis, and show dynamics within the lattice of immobilized VLPs in the timescale of 10–100 s. We further use our localization data to reconstruct time-lapse iPALM images of the Gag-Dendra2 lattice within the lumen of immobilized VLPs. The iPALM time-lapse images show significant lattice dynamics within the lumen of VLPs. Addition of disuccinimidyl suberate to the VLPs completely abrogated these dynamics as observed in both localization correlation analysis and time-lapse iPALM. In a complementary approach, we utilized HaXS8 cross-linking reactions between Halo and SNAP proteins and verified lattice dynamics in purified VLPs incorporating 10% Gag-SNAP, 10% Gag-Halo, and 80% Gag proteins. The HIV Gag lattice, along with the structural lattice of other enveloped viruses, has been mostly considered static. Our study provides an important tool to investigate the dynamics within these enveloped viruses.
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Abstract
The complex of the small molecule biotin and the homotetrameric protein streptavidin is key to a broad range of biotechnological applications. Therefore, the behavior of this extraordinarily high-affinity interaction under mechanical force is intensively studied by single-molecule force spectroscopy. Recently, steered molecular dynamics simulations have identified a low force pathway for the dissociation of biotin from streptavidin, which involves partial unfolding of the N-terminal β-sheet structure of monovalent streptavidin's functional subunit. Based on these results, we now introduced two mutations (T18C,A33C) in the functional subunit of monovalent streptavidin to establish a switchable connection (disulfide bridge) between the first two β-strands to prevent this unfolding. In atomic force microscopy-based single-molecule force spectroscopy experiments, we observed unbinding forces of about 350 pN (at a force-loading rate of 10 nN s-1) for pulling a single biotin out of an N-terminally anchored monovalent streptavidin binding pocket - about 1.5-fold higher compared with what has been reported for N-terminal force loading of native monovalent streptavidin. Upon addition of a reducing agent, the unbinding forces dropped back to 200 pN, as the disulfide bridge was destroyed. Switching from reducing to oxidizing buffer conditions, the inverse effect was observed. Our work illustrates how the mechanics of a receptor-ligand system can be tuned by engineering the receptor protein far off the ligand-binding pocket.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard C Schendel
- Lehrstuhl für Angewandte Physik and Center for NanoScience, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Amalienstr. 54, 80799 Munich, Germany.
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Schmidt C, Schierack P, Gerber U, Schröder C, Choi Y, Bald I, Lehmann W, Rödiger S. Streptavidin Homologues for Applications on Solid Surfaces at High Temperatures. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:628-636. [PMID: 31895565 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b02339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
One of the most commonly used bonds between two biomolecules is the bond between biotin and streptavidin (SA) or streptavidin homologues (SAHs). A high dissociation constant and the consequent high-temperature stability even allows for its use in nucleic acid detection under polymerase chain reaction (PCR) conditions. There are a number of SAHs available, and for assay design, it is of great interest to determine as to which SAH will perform the best under assay conditions. Although there are numerous single studies on the characterization of SAHs in solution or selected solid phases, there is no systematic study comparing different SAHs for biomolecule-binding, hybridization, and PCR assays on solid phases. We compared streptavidin, core streptavidin, traptavidin, core traptavidin, neutravidin, and monomeric streptavidin on the surface of microbeads (10-15 μm in diameter) and designed multiplex microbead-based experiments and analyzed simultaneously the binding of biotinylated oligonucleotides and the hybridization of oligonucleotides to complementary capture probes. We also bound comparably large DNA origamis to capture probes on the microbead surface. We used a real-time fluorescence microscopy imaging platform, with which it is possible to subject samples to a programmable time and temperature profile and to record binding processes on the microbead surface depending on the time and temperature. With the exception of core traptavidin and monomeric streptavidin, all other SA/SAHs were suitable for our investigations. We found hybridization efficiencies close to 100% for streptavidin, core streptavidin, traptavidin, and neutravidin. These could all be considered equally suitable for hybridization, PCR applications, and melting point analysis. The SA/SAH-biotin bond was temperature-sensitive when the oligonucleotide was mono-biotinylated, with traptavidin being the most stable followed by streptavidin and neutravidin. Mono-biotinylated oligonucleotides can be used in experiments with temperatures up to 70 °C. When oligonucleotides were bis-biotinylated, all SA/SAH-biotin bonds had similar temperature stability under PCR conditions, even if they comprised a streptavidin variant with slower biotin dissociation and increased mechanostability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Schmidt
- Faculty of Environment and Natural Sciences, Institute of Biotechnology , Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg , Universitätsplatz 1 , D-01968 Senftenberg , Germany
| | - Peter Schierack
- Faculty of Environment and Natural Sciences, Institute of Biotechnology , Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg , Universitätsplatz 1 , D-01968 Senftenberg , Germany
| | - Ulrike Gerber
- Faculty of Environment and Natural Sciences, Institute of Biotechnology , Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg , Universitätsplatz 1 , D-01968 Senftenberg , Germany
| | - Christian Schröder
- Faculty of Environment and Natural Sciences, Institute of Biotechnology , Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg , Universitätsplatz 1 , D-01968 Senftenberg , Germany
| | - Youngeun Choi
- Optical Spectroscopy and Chemical Imaging, Institute of Chemistry , University of Potsdam , Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, Building 29 , D-14476 Potsdam , Germany
- Division 1-Analytical Chemistry and Reference Materials , BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing , Richard-Willstätter Str. 11 , 12489 Berlin , Germany
| | - Ilko Bald
- Optical Spectroscopy and Chemical Imaging, Institute of Chemistry , University of Potsdam , Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, Building 29 , D-14476 Potsdam , Germany
- Division 1-Analytical Chemistry and Reference Materials , BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing , Richard-Willstätter Str. 11 , 12489 Berlin , Germany
| | - Werner Lehmann
- Attomol GmbH , Schulweg 6 , D-03205 Bronkow , Lipten, Germany
| | - Stefan Rödiger
- Faculty of Environment and Natural Sciences, Institute of Biotechnology , Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg , Universitätsplatz 1 , D-01968 Senftenberg , Germany
- Faculty of Health Sciences , Joint Faculty of the Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, The Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane and The University of Potsdam , D-01968 Senftenberg , Germany
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44
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Paloni JM, Dong XH, Olsen BD. Protein-Polymer Block Copolymer Thin Films for Highly Sensitive Detection of Small Proteins in Biological Fluids. ACS Sens 2019; 4:2869-2878. [PMID: 31702912 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.9b01020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In nearly all biosensors, sensitivity is greatly reduced for measurements conducted in biological matrices due to nonspecific binding from off-target molecules. One method to overcome this issue is to design a sensor that enables selective size-based uptake of proteins. Herein, a protein-polymer conjugate thin-film biosensor is fabricated that self-assembles into lamellae containing alternating domains of protein and polymer. Analyte is captured in protein regions while polymer domains restrict diffusion of large molecules. Device sensitivity and size-based exclusion properties are probed using two analytes: streptavidin (SA, 52.8 kDa) and monomeric streptavidin (mSA2, 15.6 kDa). Tuning domain spacing by adjusting polymer molecular weight allows the design of films that relatively freely uptake mSA2 and largely restrict SA diffusion. Furthermore, when detecting the smaller mSA2, no reduction in the limit of detection (LOD) is observed when transitioning from detection in the buffer to detection in biological fluids. As a result, LOD measured in fluid samples is reduced by 2 orders of magnitude compared to a traditional surface-immobilized protein monolayer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin M. Paloni
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Xue-Hui Dong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Bradley D. Olsen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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45
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Recent advances in the engineering and application of streptavidin-like molecules. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:7355-7365. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10036-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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46
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Sedlak SM, Schendel LC, Melo MCR, Pippig DA, Luthey-Schulten Z, Gaub HE, Bernardi RC. Direction Matters: Monovalent Streptavidin/Biotin Complex under Load. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:3415-3421. [PMID: 30346175 PMCID: PMC6486461 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b04045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Novel site-specific attachment strategies combined with improvements of computational resources enable new insights into the mechanics of the monovalent biotin/streptavidin complex under load and forced us to rethink the diversity of rupture forces reported in the literature. We discovered that the mechanical stability of this complex depends strongly on the geometry in which force is applied. By atomic force microscopy-based single molecule force spectroscopy we found unbinding of biotin to occur beyond 400 pN at force loading rates of 10 nN/s when monovalent streptavidin was tethered at its C-terminus. This value is about twice as high than that for N-terminal attachment. Steered molecular dynamics simulations provided a detailed picture of the mechanics of the unbinding process in the corresponding force loading geometries. Using machine learning techniques, we connected findings from hundreds of simulations to the experimental results, identifying different force propagation pathways. Interestingly, we observed that depending on force loading geometry, partial unfolding of N-terminal region of monovalent streptavidin occurs before biotin is released from the binding pocket.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen M. Sedlak
- Lehrstuhl für Angewandte Physik and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Amalienstr. 54, 80799 Munich, Germany
| | - Leonard C. Schendel
- Lehrstuhl für Angewandte Physik and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Amalienstr. 54, 80799 Munich, Germany
| | - Marcelo C. R. Melo
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Diana A. Pippig
- Lehrstuhl für Angewandte Physik and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Amalienstr. 54, 80799 Munich, Germany
| | - Zaida Luthey-Schulten
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Hermann E. Gaub
- Lehrstuhl für Angewandte Physik and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Amalienstr. 54, 80799 Munich, Germany
| | - Rafael C. Bernardi
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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Development of a ribonuclease containing a G4-specific binding motif for programmable RNA cleavage. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7432. [PMID: 31092834 PMCID: PMC6520340 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42143-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We developed a ribonuclease for site-specific targeting and cleavage of single-stranded RNA. The engineered RNase protein was constructed by incorporating two independent functional domains, an RNase HI domain that could cleave the RNA strand in a DNA-RNA hybrid, and a domain of the RHAU protein that could selectively recognize a parallel DNA G-quadruplex (G4). The newly designed RNase first recruits a DNA guide oligonucleotide containing both a parallel G4 motif and a template sequence complementary to the target RNA. This RNase:DNA complex targets and efficiently cleaves the single-stranded RNA in a site-specific manner. A major cleavage site occurs at the RNA region that is complementary to the DNA template sequence. The newly designed RNase can serve as a simple tool for RNA manipulation and probing RNA structure.
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Darowski D, Kobold S, Jost C, Klein C. Combining the best of two worlds: highly flexible chimeric antigen receptor adaptor molecules (CAR-adaptors) for the recruitment of chimeric antigen receptor T cells. MAbs 2019; 11:621-631. [PMID: 30892136 PMCID: PMC6601549 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2019.1596511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engineered T cells have a proven efficacy for the treatment of refractory hematological B cell malignancies. While often accompanied by side effects, CAR-T technology is getting more mature and will become an important treatment option for various tumor indications. In this review, we summarize emerging approaches that aim to further evolve CAR-T cell therapy based on combinations of so-called universal or modular CAR-(modCAR-)T cells, and their respective adaptor molecules (CAR-adaptors), which mediate the crosslinking between target and effector cells. The activity of such modCAR-T cells is entirely dependent on binding of the respective CAR-adaptor to both a tumor antigen and to the CAR-expressing T cell. Contrary to conventional CAR-T cells, where the immunological synapse is established by direct interaction of CAR and membrane-bound target, modCAR-T cells provide a highly flexible and customizable development of the CAR-T cell concept and offer an additional possibility to control T cell activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Darowski
- a Roche Pharmaceutical Research & Early Development , Roche Innovation Center Zurich , Schlieren , Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Kobold
- b Center of Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPS-M) and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine IV , Klinikum der Universität München, LMU, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) , Munich , Germany
| | - Christian Jost
- a Roche Pharmaceutical Research & Early Development , Roche Innovation Center Zurich , Schlieren , Switzerland
| | - Christian Klein
- a Roche Pharmaceutical Research & Early Development , Roche Innovation Center Zurich , Schlieren , Switzerland
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49
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Chamma I, Sainlos M, Thoumine O. Biophysical mechanisms underlying the membrane trafficking of synaptic adhesion molecules. Neuropharmacology 2019; 169:107555. [PMID: 30831159 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Adhesion proteins play crucial roles at synapses, not only by providing a physical trans-synaptic linkage between axonal and dendritic membranes, but also by connecting to functional elements including the pre-synaptic neurotransmitter release machinery and post-synaptic receptors. To mediate these functions, adhesion proteins must be organized on the neuronal surface in a precise and controlled manner. Recent studies have started to describe the mobility, nanoscale organization, and turnover rate of key synaptic adhesion molecules including cadherins, neurexins, neuroligins, SynCAMs, and LRRTMs, and show that some of these proteins are highly mobile in the plasma membrane while others are confined at sub-synaptic compartments, providing evidence for different regulatory pathways. In this review article, we provide a biophysical view of the diffusional trapping of adhesion molecules at synapses, involving both extracellular and intracellular protein interactions. We review the methodology underlying these measurements, including biomimetic systems with purified adhesion proteins, means to perturb protein expression or function, single molecule imaging in cultured neurons, and analytical models to interpret the data. This article is part of the special issue entitled 'Mobility and trafficking of neuronal membrane proteins'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Chamma
- Univ. Bordeaux, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, UMR 5297, F-33000, Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, UMR 5297, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Matthieu Sainlos
- Univ. Bordeaux, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, UMR 5297, F-33000, Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, UMR 5297, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Olivier Thoumine
- Univ. Bordeaux, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, UMR 5297, F-33000, Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, UMR 5297, F-33000, Bordeaux, France.
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50
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Betaneli V, Mücksch J, Schwille P. Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy to Examine Protein-Lipid Interactions in Membranes. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 2003:415-447. [PMID: 31218628 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9512-7_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) is a versatile technique to study membrane dynamics and protein-lipid interactions. It can provide information about diffusion coefficients, concentrations, and molecular interactions of proteins and lipids in the membrane. These parameters allow for the determination of protein partitioning into different lipid environments, the identification of lipid domains, and the detection of lipid-protein complexes on the membrane. During the last decades, FCS studies were successfully performed on model membrane systems as also on living cells, to characterize protein-lipid interactions. Recent developments of the method described here improved quantitative measurements on membranes and decreased the number of potential artifacts. The aim of this chapter is to provide the reader with the necessary information and some practical guidelines to perform FCS studies on artificial and cellular membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria Betaneli
- Medical Faculty "Carl Gustav Carus", Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jonas Mücksch
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Petra Schwille
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany.
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