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Bateman EA, Larocerie-Salgado J, Ross DC, Miller TA, Pripotnev S. Assessment, patient selection, and rehabilitation of nerve transfers. FRONTIERS IN REHABILITATION SCIENCES 2023; 4:1267433. [PMID: 38058570 PMCID: PMC10696649 DOI: 10.3389/fresc.2023.1267433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injuries are common and can have a devastating effect on physical, psychological, and socioeconomic wellbeing. Peripheral nerve transfers have become the standard of care for many types of peripheral nerve injury due to their superior outcomes relative to conventional techniques. As the indications for, and use of, nerve transfers expand, the importance of pre-operative assessment and post-operative optimization increases. There are two principal advantages of nerve transfers: (1) their ability to shorten the time to reinnervation of muscles undergoing denervation because of peripheral nerve injury; and (2) their specificity in ensuring proximal motor and sensory axons are directed towards appropriate motor and sensory targets. Compared to conventional nerve grafting, nerve transfers offer opportunities to reinnervate muscles affected by cervical spinal cord injury and to augment natural reinnervation potential for very proximal injuries. This article provides a narrative review of the current scientific knowledge and clinical understanding of nerve transfers including peripheral nerve injury assessment and pre- and post-operative electrodiagnostic testing, adjuvant therapies, and post-operative rehabilitation for optimizing nerve transfer outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma A. Bateman
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Parkwood Institute, St Joseph’s Health Care London, London, ON, Canada
| | | | - Douglas C. Ross
- Roth McFarlane Hand & Upper Limb Centre, St Joseph’s Health Care London, London, ON, Canada
- Division of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Thomas A. Miller
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Parkwood Institute, St Joseph’s Health Care London, London, ON, Canada
| | - Stahs Pripotnev
- Roth McFarlane Hand & Upper Limb Centre, St Joseph’s Health Care London, London, ON, Canada
- Division of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
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2
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Bianchini M, Micera S, Redolfi Riva E. Recent Advances in Polymeric Drug Delivery Systems for Peripheral Nerve Regeneration. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020640. [PMID: 36839962 PMCID: PMC9965241 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
When a traumatic event causes complete denervation, muscle functional recovery is highly compromised. A possible solution to this issue is the implantation of a biodegradable polymeric tubular scaffold, providing a biomimetic environment to support the nerve regeneration process. However, in the case of consistent peripheral nerve damage, the regeneration capabilities are poor. Hence, a crucial challenge in this field is the development of biodegradable micro- nanostructured polymeric carriers for controlled and sustained release of molecules to enhance nerve regeneration. The aim of these systems is to favor the cellular processes that support nerve regeneration to increase the functional recovery outcome. Drug delivery systems (DDSs) are interesting solutions in the nerve regeneration framework, due to the possibility of specifically targeting the active principle within the site of interest, maximizing its therapeutical efficacy. The scope of this review is to highlight the recent advances regarding the study of biodegradable polymeric DDS for nerve regeneration and to discuss their potential to enhance regenerative performance in those clinical scenarios characterized by severe nerve damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Bianchini
- The BioRobotics Institute, Department of Excellence in Robotics and AI, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Silvestro Micera
- The BioRobotics Institute, Department of Excellence in Robotics and AI, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- Translational Neuroengineering, Centre for Neuroprosthetics and Institute of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1000 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Eugenio Redolfi Riva
- The BioRobotics Institute, Department of Excellence in Robotics and AI, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Cintron-Colon AF, Almeida-Alves G, VanGyseghem JM, Spitsbergen JM. GDNF to the rescue: GDNF delivery effects on motor neurons and nerves, and muscle re-innervation after peripheral nerve injuries. Neural Regen Res 2021; 17:748-753. [PMID: 34472460 PMCID: PMC8530131 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.322446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injuries commonly occur due to trauma, like a traffic accident. Peripheral nerves get severed, causing motor neuron death and potential muscle atrophy. The current golden standard to treat peripheral nerve lesions, especially lesions with large (≥ 3 cm) nerve gaps, is the use of a nerve autograft or reimplantation in cases where nerve root avulsions occur. If not tended early, degeneration of motor neurons and loss of axon regeneration can occur, leading to loss of function. Although surgical procedures exist, patients often do not fully recover, and quality of life deteriorates. Peripheral nerves have limited regeneration, and it is usually mediated by Schwann cells and neurotrophic factors, like glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor, as seen in Wallerian degeneration. Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor is a neurotrophic factor known to promote motor neuron survival and neurite outgrowth. Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor is upregulated in different forms of nerve injuries like axotomy, sciatic nerve crush, and compression, thus creating great interest to explore this protein as a potential treatment for peripheral nerve injuries. Exogenous glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor has shown positive effects in regeneration and functional recovery when applied in experimental models of peripheral nerve injuries. In this review, we discuss the mechanism of repair provided by Schwann cells and upregulation of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor, the latest findings on the effects of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor in different types of peripheral nerve injuries, delivery systems, and complementary treatments (electrical muscle stimulation and exercise). Understanding and overcoming the challenges of proper timing and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor delivery is paramount to creating novel treatments to tend to peripheral nerve injuries to improve patients’ quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - John M Spitsbergen
- Biological Sciences Department, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, USA
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Zeng W, Hui H, Liu Z, Chang Z, Wang M, He B, Hao D. TPP ionically cross-linked chitosan/PLGA microspheres for the delivery of NGF for peripheral nerve system repair. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 258:117684. [PMID: 33593557 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
To control the release of nerve growth factor (NGF) in the injured peripheral nerve, NGF-loaded chitosan/PLGA composite microspheres ionically cross-linked by tripolyphosphate (TPP/Chitosan/PLGA-NGF) were prepared. The encapsulation efficiency of NGF ranged from 83.4 ± 1.5 % to 72.1 ± 1.6 % with TPP concentrations from 1 % to 10 %. Zeta potential and FT-IR analyses together with confocal microscopy demonstrated that multiple NGF-loaded PLGA microspheres were embedded in chitosan matrix, the mean size of TPP/Chitosan/PLGA-NGF microspheres ranged from 40.2 ± 3.4 to 49.3 ± 3.1 μm. The increase of TPP concentration improved the network stability and decreased the swelling ratio, resulting in the decreased NGF release from 67.7 ± 1.2 % to 45.7 ± 0.8 % in 49 days. The sustained release of NGF could promote PC12 cells differentiation and neurite growth in vitro. Moreover, in comparison with NGF solution without microencapsulation, TPP/Chitosan/PLGA-NGF microspheres enhanced sciatic nerve regeneration and prevented gastrocnemius muscle atrophy in rats. These results demonstrate the feasibility of using TPP/Chitosan/PLGA-NGF microspheres for neural tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zeng
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710054, China
| | - Hua Hui
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710054, China
| | - Zhongyang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, the Fourth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, China; National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine & Rehabilitation, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Zhen Chang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710054, China
| | - Mingbo Wang
- Shenzhen Lando Biomaterials Co., Ltd, Shenzhen, China
| | - Baorong He
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710054, China.
| | - Dingjun Hao
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710054, China.
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A comparative assessment of lengthening followed by end-to-end repair and isograft repair of chronically injured peripheral nerves. Exp Neurol 2020; 331:113328. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Chen J, Huang D, Wang L, Hou J, Zhang H, Li Y, Zhong S, Wang Y, Wu Y, Huang W. 3D bioprinted multiscale composite scaffolds based on gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA)/chitosan microspheres as a modular bioink for enhancing 3D neurite outgrowth and elongation. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 574:162-173. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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7
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Tajdaran K, Chan K, Gordon T, Borschel GH. Matrices, scaffolds, and carriers for protein and molecule delivery in peripheral nerve regeneration. Exp Neurol 2019; 319:112817. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2018.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Tajdaran K, Chan K, Zhang J, Gordon T, Borschel GH. Local FK506 dose‐dependent study using a novel three‐dimensional organotypic assay. Biotechnol Bioeng 2018; 116:405-414. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.26853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kasra Tajdaran
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryThe Hospital for Sick ChildrenToronto Ontario Canada
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of TorontoToronto Ontario Canada
| | - Katelyn Chan
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryThe Hospital for Sick ChildrenToronto Ontario Canada
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of TorontoToronto Ontario Canada
| | - Jennifer Zhang
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryThe Hospital for Sick ChildrenToronto Ontario Canada
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of SurgeryUniversity of TorontoToronto Ontario Canada
- Program in Neuroscience, The Hospital for Sick Children Research InstituteToronto Ontario Canada
| | - Tessa Gordon
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryThe Hospital for Sick ChildrenToronto Ontario Canada
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of SurgeryUniversity of TorontoToronto Ontario Canada
- Program in Neuroscience, The Hospital for Sick Children Research InstituteToronto Ontario Canada
| | - Gregory H. Borschel
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryThe Hospital for Sick ChildrenToronto Ontario Canada
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of TorontoToronto Ontario Canada
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of SurgeryUniversity of TorontoToronto Ontario Canada
- Program in Neuroscience, The Hospital for Sick Children Research InstituteToronto Ontario Canada
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Dong C, Ubogu EE. GDNF enhances human blood-nerve barrier function in vitro via MAPK signaling pathways. Tissue Barriers 2018; 6:1-22. [PMID: 30523753 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2018.1546537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The human blood-nerve barrier (BNB) formed by endoneurial microvascular endothelial cells, serves to maintain the internal microenvironment in peripheral nerves required for normal axonal signal transduction to and from the central nervous system. The mechanisms of human BNB formation in health and disease are not fully elucidated. Prior work established a sufficient role for glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) in enhancing human BNB biophysical properties following serum withdrawal in vitro via RET-tyrosine kinase-dependent cytoskeletal remodeling. The objective of the study was to ascertain the downstream signaling pathway involved in this process and more comprehensively determine the molecular changes that may occur at human BNB intercellular junctions under the influence of GDNF. Proteomic studies suggested expression of several mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in confluent GDNF-treated endoneurial endothelial cells following serum withdrawal. Using electric cell-substrate impedance sensing to continuously measure transendothelial electrical resistance and static transwell solute permeability assays with fluoresceinated small and large molecules to evaluate BNB biophysical function, we determined MAPK signaling was essential for GDNF-mediated BNB TEER increase following serum withdrawal downstream of RET-tyrosine kinase signaling that persisted for up to 48 hours in vitro. This increase was associated with reduced solute permeability to fluoresceinated sodium and high molecular weight dextran. Specific GDNF-mediated alterations were detected in cytoskeletal and intercellular junctional complex molecular transcripts and proteins relative to basal conditions without exogenous GDNF. This work provides novel insights into the molecular determinants and mechanisms responsible for specialized restrictive human BNB formation in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoling Dong
- a Neuromuscular Immunopathology Research Laboratory, Division of Neuromuscular Disease, Department of Neurology , University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham , AL , USA
| | - Eroboghene E Ubogu
- a Neuromuscular Immunopathology Research Laboratory, Division of Neuromuscular Disease, Department of Neurology , University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham , AL , USA
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Huang J, Patel N, Lyon K. An update–tissue engineered nerve grafts for the repair of peripheral nerve injuries. Neural Regen Res 2018. [DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.232458
expr 973353844 + 912195704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
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Patel NP, Lyon KA, Huang JH. An update-tissue engineered nerve grafts for the repair of peripheral nerve injuries. Neural Regen Res 2018; 13:764-774. [PMID: 29862995 PMCID: PMC5998615 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.232458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injuries (PNI) are caused by a range of etiologies and result in a broad spectrum of disability. While nerve autografts are the current gold standard for the reconstruction of extensive nerve damage, the limited supply of autologous nerve and complications associated with harvesting nerve from a second surgical site has driven groups from multiple disciplines, including biomedical engineering, neurosurgery, plastic surgery, and orthopedic surgery, to develop a suitable or superior alternative to autografting. Over the last couple of decades, various types of scaffolds, such as acellular nerve grafts (ANGs), nerve guidance conduits, and non-nervous tissues, have been filled with Schwann cells, stem cells, and/or neurotrophic factors to develop tissue engineered nerve grafts (TENGs). Although these have shown promising effects on peripheral nerve regeneration in experimental models, the autograft has remained the gold standard for large nerve gaps. This review provides a discussion of recent advances in the development of TENGs and their efficacy in experimental models. Specifically, TENGs have been enhanced via incorporation of genetically engineered cells, methods to improve stem cell survival and differentiation, optimized delivery of neurotrophic factors via drug delivery systems (DDS), co-administration of platelet-rich plasma (PRP), and pretreatment with chondroitinase ABC (Ch-ABC). Other notable advancements include conduits that have been bioengineered to mimic native nerve structure via cell-derived extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition, and the development of transplantable living nervous tissue constructs from rat and human dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons. Grafts composed of non-nervous tissues, such as vein, artery, and muscle, will be briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kristopher A Lyon
- Texas A&M College of Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor Scott & White Healthcare, Temple, TX, USA
| | - Jason H Huang
- Texas A&M College of Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor Scott & White Healthcare, Temple, TX, USA
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Hsu MN, Liao HT, Li KC, Chen HH, Yen TC, Makarevich P, Parfyonova Y, Hu YC. Adipose-derived stem cell sheets functionalized by hybrid baculovirus for prolonged GDNF expression and improved nerve regeneration. Biomaterials 2017; 140:189-200. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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13
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Ee X, Yan Y, Hunter DA, Schellhardt L, Sakiyama-Elbert SE, Mackinnon SE, Wood MD. Transgenic SCs expressing GDNF-IRES-DsRed impair nerve regeneration within acellular nerve allografts. Biotechnol Bioeng 2017; 114:2121-2130. [PMID: 28481001 DOI: 10.1002/bit.26335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Providing temporally regulated glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) to injured nerve can promote robust axon regeneration. However, it is poorly understood why providing highly elevated levels of GDNF to nerve can lead to axon entrapment in the zone containing elevated GDNF. This limited understanding represents an obstacle to the translation of GDNF therapies to treat nerve injuries clinically. Here, we investigated how transgenic Schwann cells (SCs) overexpressing GDNF-IRES-DsRed impact nerve regeneration. Cultured primary SCs were transduced with lentiviruses (GDNF-overexpressing transgenic SCs), one of which provides the capability to express high levels of GDNF and regulate temporal GDNF expression. These SC groups were transplanted into acellular nerve allografts (ANAs) bridging a 14 mm rat sciatic nerve defect. GDNF-overexpressing transgenic SCs expressing GDNF for as little as 1 week decreased axon regeneration across ANAs and caused extensive extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. To determine whether additional gene expression changes beyond GDNF transgene expression occurred in GDNF-overexpressing transgenic SCs, microarray analysis of GDNF-overexpressing transgenic SCs compared to untreated SCs was performed. Microarray analysis revealed a set of common genes regulated in transgenic SC groups expressing high levels of GDNF compared to untreated SCs. A co-culture model of GDNF-overexpressing transgenic SCs with fibroblasts (FBs) revealed differential FB ECM-related gene expression compared to untreated SCs. These data suggest a component of axon entrapment is independent of GDNF's impact on axons. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 2121-2130. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueping Ee
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8238, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri, 63110
| | - Ying Yan
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8238, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri, 63110
| | - Daniel A Hunter
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8238, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri, 63110
| | - Lauren Schellhardt
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8238, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri, 63110
| | - Shelly E Sakiyama-Elbert
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8238, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri, 63110.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Susan E Mackinnon
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8238, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri, 63110
| | - Matthew D Wood
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8238, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri, 63110
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Gordon T, Borschel GH. The use of the rat as a model for studying peripheral nerve regeneration and sprouting after complete and partial nerve injuries. Exp Neurol 2017; 287:331-347. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2016.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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15
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Wang B, Yuan J, Chen X, Xu J, Li Y, Dong P. Functional regeneration of the transected recurrent laryngeal nerve using a collagen scaffold loaded with laminin and laminin-binding BDNF and GDNF. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32292. [PMID: 27558932 PMCID: PMC4997630 DOI: 10.1038/srep32292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) injury remains a challenge due to the lack of effective treatments. In this study, we established a new drug delivery system consisting of a tube of Heal-All Oral Cavity Repair Membrane loaded with laminin and neurotrophic factors and tested its ability to promote functional recovery following RLN injury. We created recombinant fusion proteins consisting of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) fused to laminin-binding domains (LBDs) in order to prevent neurotrophin diffusion. LBD-BDNF, LBD-GDNF, and laminin were injected into a collagen tube that was fitted to the ends of the transected RLN in rats. Functional recovery was assessed 4, 8, and 12 weeks after injury. Although vocal fold movement was not restored until 12 weeks after injury, animals treated with the collagen tube loaded with laminin, LBD-BDNF and LBD-GDNF showed improved recovery in vocalisation, arytenoid cartilage angles, compound muscle action potentials and regenerated fibre area compared to animals treated by autologous nerve grafting (p < 0.05). These results demonstrate the drug delivery system induced nerve regeneration following RLN transection that was superior to that induced by autologus nerve grafting. It may have potential applications in nerve regeneration of RLN transection injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoxin Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, P.R. China
| | - Junjie Yuan
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital South Campus, Shanghai 201499, P.R. China
| | - Xinwei Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, P.R. China
| | - Jiafeng Xu
- School of Economics and Finance, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai 200083, P.R. China
| | - Yu Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, P.R. China
| | - Pin Dong
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, P.R. China
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Perussi Biscola N, Politti Cartarozzi L, Ferreira Junior RS, Barraviera B, Leite Rodrigues de Oliveira A. Long-Standing Motor and Sensory Recovery following Acute Fibrin Sealant Based Neonatal Sciatic Nerve Repair. Neural Plast 2016; 2016:9028126. [PMID: 27446617 PMCID: PMC4942656 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9028126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Brachial plexus lesion results in loss of motor and sensory function, being more harmful in the neonate. Therefore, this study evaluated neuroprotection and regeneration after neonatal peripheral nerve coaptation with fibrin sealant. Thus, P2 neonatal Lewis rats were divided into three groups: AX: sciatic nerve axotomy (SNA) without treatment; AX+FS: SNA followed by end-to-end coaptation with fibrin sealant derived from snake venom; AX+CFS: SNA followed by end-to-end coaptation with commercial fibrin sealant. Results were analyzed 4, 8, and 12 weeks after lesion. Astrogliosis, microglial reaction, and synapse preservation were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Neuronal survival, axonal regeneration, and ultrastructural changes at ventral spinal cord were also investigated. Sensory-motor recovery was behaviorally studied. Coaptation preserved synaptic covering on lesioned motoneurons and led to neuronal survival. Reactive gliosis and microglial reaction decreased in the same groups (AX+FS, AX+CFS) at 4 weeks. Regarding axonal regeneration, coaptation allowed recovery of greater number of myelinated fibers, with improved morphometric parameters. Preservation of inhibitory synaptic terminals was accompanied by significant improvement in the motor as well as in the nociceptive recovery. Overall, the present data suggest that acute repair of neonatal peripheral nerves with fibrin sealant results in neuroprotection and regeneration of motor and sensory axons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Perussi Biscola
- Department of Tropical Diseases, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 18618-000 Botucatu, SP, Brazil
- Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP), São Paulo State University (UNESP), 18610-307 Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciana Politti Cartarozzi
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Rui Seabra Ferreira Junior
- Department of Tropical Diseases, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 18618-000 Botucatu, SP, Brazil
- Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP), São Paulo State University (UNESP), 18610-307 Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Benedito Barraviera
- Department of Tropical Diseases, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 18618-000 Botucatu, SP, Brazil
- Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP), São Paulo State University (UNESP), 18610-307 Botucatu, SP, Brazil
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Grasman JM, O’Brien MP, Ackerman K, Gagnon KA, Wong GM, Pins GD. The Effect of Sterilization Methods on the Structural and Chemical Properties of Fibrin Microthread Scaffolds. Macromol Biosci 2016; 16:836-46. [PMID: 26847494 PMCID: PMC4902748 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201500410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 01/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
A challenge for the design of scaffolds in tissue engineering is to determine a terminal sterilization method that will retain the structural and biochemical properties of the materials. Since commonly used heat and ionizing energy-based sterilization methods have been shown to alter the material properties of protein-based scaffolds, the effects of ethanol and ethylene oxide (EtO) sterilization on the cellular compatibility and the structural, chemical, and mechanical properties of uncrosslinked, UV crosslinked, or 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC) crosslinked fibrin microthreads in neutral (EDCn) or acidic (EDCa) buffers are evaluated. EtO sterilization significantly reduces the tensile strength of uncrosslinked microthreads. Surface chemistry analyses show that EtO sterilization induces alkylation of EDCa microthreads leading to a significant reduction in myoblast attachment. The material properties of EDCn microthreads do not appear to be affected by the sterilization method. These results significantly enhance the understanding of how sterilization or crosslinking techniques affect the material properties of protein scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M. Grasman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, 01609, USA. Bioengineering Institute, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, 01609, USA. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Megan P. O’Brien
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, 01609, USA
| | - Kevin Ackerman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, 01609, USA
| | - Keith A. Gagnon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, 01609, USA. Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02119, USA. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Gregory M. Wong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, 01609, USA. Department of Geosciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - George D. Pins
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, 01609, USA. Bioengineering Institute, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, 01609, USA
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18
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Comparative outcome measures in peripheral regeneration studies. Exp Neurol 2016; 287:348-357. [PMID: 27094121 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2016.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Revised: 04/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic peripheral nerve injuries are common and often result in partial or permanent paralysis, numbness of the affected limb, and debilitating neuropathic pain. Experimental animal models of nerve injury have utilized a diversity of outcome measures to examine functional recovery following injury. Four primary categories of outcome measures of regenerative success including retrograde labeling with counts of regenerating neurons, immunohistochemistry and histomorphometry, reinnervation of target muscles, and behavioral analysis of recovery will be reviewed. Validity of different outcome measures are discussed in context of hindlimb, forelimb, and facial nerve injury models. Severity of nerve injury will be highlighted, and comparisons between nerve crush injury and more severe transection and neuroma-in-continuity nerve injury paradigms will be evaluated. The case is made that specific outcome measures may be more sensitive to assessing functional recovery following nerve injury than others. This will be discussed in the context of the lack of association between certain outcome measures of nerve regeneration. Examples of inaccurate conclusions from specific outcome measures will also be considered. Overall, researchers must therefore take care to select appropriate outcome measures for animal nerve injury studies dependant on the specific experimental interventions and scientific questions addressed.
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Gordon T. Electrical Stimulation to Enhance Axon Regeneration After Peripheral Nerve Injuries in Animal Models and Humans. Neurotherapeutics 2016; 13:295-310. [PMID: 26754579 PMCID: PMC4824030 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-015-0415-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Injured peripheral nerves regenerate their lost axons but functional recovery in humans is frequently disappointing. This is so particularly when injuries require regeneration over long distances and/or over long time periods. Fat replacement of chronically denervated muscles, a commonly accepted explanation, does not account for poor functional recovery. Rather, the basis for the poor nerve regeneration is the transient expression of growth-associated genes that accounts for declining regenerative capacity of neurons and the regenerative support of Schwann cells over time. Brief low-frequency electrical stimulation accelerates motor and sensory axon outgrowth across injury sites that, even after delayed surgical repair of injured nerves in animal models and patients, enhances nerve regeneration and target reinnervation. The stimulation elevates neuronal cyclic adenosine monophosphate and, in turn, the expression of neurotrophic factors and other growth-associated genes, including cytoskeletal proteins. Electrical stimulation of denervated muscles immediately after nerve transection and surgical repair also accelerates muscle reinnervation but, at this time, how the daily requirement of long-duration electrical pulses can be delivered to muscles remains a practical issue prior to translation to patients. Finally, the technique of inserting autologous nerve grafts that bridge between a donor nerve and an adjacent recipient denervated nerve stump significantly improves nerve regeneration after delayed nerve repair, the donor nerves sustaining the capacity of the denervated Schwann cells to support nerve regeneration. These reviewed methods to promote nerve regeneration and, in turn, to enhance functional recovery after nerve injury and surgical repair are sufficiently promising for early translation to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa Gordon
- Department of Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X8, Canada.
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20
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Tajdaran K, Gordon T, Wood MD, Shoichet MS, Borschel GH. A glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor delivery system enhances nerve regeneration across acellular nerve allografts. Acta Biomater 2016; 29:62-70. [PMID: 26441127 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Acellular nerve allografts (ANAs) are used clinically to bridge nerve gaps but these grafts, lacking Schwann cells and therapeutic levels of neurotrophic factors, do not support regeneration to the same extent as autografts. Here we investigated a local drug delivery system (DDS) for glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) controlled release to implanted ANAs in rats using drug-loaded polymeric microspheres (MSs) embedded in a fibrin gel. In a rat hindlimb nerve gap model, a 10mm ANA was used to bridge a 5mm common peroneal (CP) nerve gap. Experimental groups received DDS treatment at both suture sites of the allografts releasing GDNF for either 2 weeks or 4 weeks. In negative control groups, rats received no DDS treatment or empty DDS. Rats receiving nerve isografts served as the positive control group. The numbers of motor and sensory neurons that regenerated their axons in all the groups with GDNF MS and isograft treatment were indistinguishable and significantly higher as compared to the negative control groups. Nerve histology distal to the nerve graft demonstrated increased axon counts and a shift to larger fiber diameters due to GDNF MS treatment. The sustained delivery of GDNF to the implanted ANA achieved in this study demonstrates the promise of this DDS for the management of severe nerve injuries in which allografts are placed. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE This work addresses the common clinical situation in which a nerve gap is bridged using acellular nerve allografts. However, these allografts are not as effective in supporting nerve regeneration as the gold standard method of autografting. The novel local drug delivery system used in this study provides sustained and controlled release of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), one of the most potent neurotrophic factors, which significantly improves nerve regeneration following severe nerve injuries. Results from this research will provide a mean of improving nerve allografts with locally delivered GDNF. This strategy may lead to a novel "off the shelf" alternative to the current management of severe nerve injuries.
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21
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Zhao Q, Li ZY, Zhang ZP, Mo ZY, Chen SJ, Xiang SY, Zhang QS, Xue M. Polylactic-co-glycolic acid microspheres containing three neurotrophic factors promote sciatic nerve repair after injury. Neural Regen Res 2015; 10:1491-7. [PMID: 26604912 PMCID: PMC4625517 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.165522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A variety of neurotrophic factors have been shown to repair the damaged peripheral nerve. However, in clinical practice, nerve growth factor, neurotrophin-3 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor are all peptides or proteins that may be rapidly deactivated at the focal injury site; their local effective concentration time following a single medication cannot meet the required time for spinal axons to regenerate and cross the glial scar. In this study, we produced polymer sustained-release microspheres based on the polylactic-co-glycolic acid copolymer; the microspheres at 300-μm diameter contained nerve growth factor, neurotrophin-3 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Six microspheres were longitudinally implanted into the sciatic nerve at the anastomosis site, serving as the experimental group; while the sciatic nerve in the control group was subjected to the end-to-end anastomosis using 10/0 suture thread. At 6 weeks after implantation, the lower limb activity, weight of triceps surae muscle, sciatic nerve conduction velocity and the maximum amplitude were obviously better in the experimental group than in the control group. Compared with the control group, more regenerating nerve fibers were observed and distributed in a dense and ordered manner with thicker myelin sheaths in the experimental group. More angiogenesis was also visible. Experimental findings indicate that polylactic-co-glycolic acid composite microspheres containing nerve growth factor, neurotrophin-3 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor can promote the restoration of sciatic nerve in rats after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Zhao
- Health Management Center, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhi-Yue Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Ze-Peng Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhou-Yun Mo
- Department of Orthopedics, Yiyang Municipal Central Hospital, Yiyang, Hunan Province, China
| | - Shi-Jie Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Si-Yu Xiang
- Department of Orthopedics, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Qing-Shan Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Min Xue
- Department of Gynecology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
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22
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Tajdaran K, Gordon T, Wood MD, Shoichet MS, Borschel GH. An engineered biocompatible drug delivery system enhances nerve regeneration after delayed repair. J Biomed Mater Res A 2015; 104:367-76. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kasra Tajdaran
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery; the Hospital for Sick Children; 555 University Ave Toronto Ontario M5G1X8 Canada
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Tessa Gordon
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery; the Hospital for Sick Children; 555 University Ave Toronto Ontario M5G1X8 Canada
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
- Program in Neuroscience, the Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Mathew D. Wood
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery; Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis Missouri
| | - Molly S. Shoichet
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Gregory H. Borschel
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery; the Hospital for Sick Children; 555 University Ave Toronto Ontario M5G1X8 Canada
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
- Program in Neuroscience, the Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute; Toronto Ontario Canada
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23
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Tajdaran K, Shoichet MS, Gordon T, Borschel GH. A novel polymeric drug delivery system for localized and sustained release of tacrolimus (FK506). Biotechnol Bioeng 2015; 112:1948-53. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.25598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Revised: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kasra Tajdaran
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery; The Hospital for Sick Children; 555 University Ave Toronto Ontario Canada M5G1X8
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Molly S. Shoichet
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Tessa Gordon
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery; The Hospital for Sick Children; 555 University Ave Toronto Ontario Canada M5G1X8
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
- Program in Neuroscience; The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Gregory H. Borschel
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery; The Hospital for Sick Children; 555 University Ave Toronto Ontario Canada M5G1X8
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
- Program in Neuroscience; The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute; Toronto Ontario Canada
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24
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Chen B, Niu SP, Wang ZY, Wang ZW, Deng JX, Zhang PX, Yin XF, Han N, Kou YH, Jiang BG. Local administration of icariin contributes to peripheral nerve regeneration and functional recovery. Neural Regen Res 2015; 10:84-9. [PMID: 25788925 PMCID: PMC4357123 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.150711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Our previous study showed that systemic administration of the traditional Chinese medicine Epimedium extract promotes peripheral nerve regeneration. Here, we sought to explore the therapeutic effects of local administration of icariin, a major component of Epimedium extract, on peripheral nerve regeneration. A poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) biological conduit sleeve was used to bridge a 5 mm right sciatic nerve defect in rats, and physiological saline, nerve growth factor, icariin suspension, or nerve growth factor-releasing microsphere suspension was injected into the defect. Twelve weeks later, sciatic nerve conduction velocity and the number of myelinated fibers were notably greater in the rats treated with icariin suspension or nerve growth factor-releasing microspheres than those that had received nerve growth factor or physiological saline. The effects of icariin suspension were similar to those of nerve growth factor-releasing microspheres. These data suggest that icariin acts as a nerve growth factor-releasing agent, and indicate that local application of icariin after spinal injury can promote peripheral nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Chen
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedics, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Su-Ping Niu
- Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Wang
- Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen-Wei Wang
- Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiu-Xu Deng
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedics, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Pei-Xun Zhang
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedics, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Yin
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedics, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Na Han
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedics, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Hui Kou
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedics, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bao-Guo Jiang
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedics, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
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25
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Ba YY, Wang H, Ning XJ, Luo L, Li WS. Construction and identification of human glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor gene-modified Schwann cells from rhesus monkeys. Hum Gene Ther Methods 2014; 25:339-44. [PMID: 25420185 DOI: 10.1089/hgtb.2014.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to construct stable rhesus monkey Schwann cells (SCs) modified with the human glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (hGDNF) gene. hGDNF gene amplification was performed with pUC19-hGDNF as templates, and then the coding sequence of hGDNF was inserted into the eukaryotic expression vector pBABE-puro to obtain the recombinant vector pBABE-puro-hGDNF. The recombinant vector pBABE-puro-hGDNF was identified with restriction enzyme, and then underwent DNA sequencing. SCs from rhesus monkeys were transfected with the recombinant vector pBABE-puro-hGDNF, and then the expression levels of mRNA and protein of the hGDNF gene were determined with real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR and Western blot, respectively, in the transfected SCs. The biological activity of GDNF gene-modified SCs (GDNF-SCs) was assessed by MTT assay. The length of the hGDNF coding sequence of PCR products was 569 bp. After the recombinant eukaryotic expression vectors were digested with restriction enzyme, there was a specific segment of 596 bp. The results of DNA sequencing of the specific segment of 596 bp were the same as that of hGDNF in GenBank, suggesting that the hGDNF gene was successfully inserted into the recombinant retrovirus vectors. The expression levels of mRNA and protein were significantly higher in transfected SCs as compared to nontransfected SCs (p<0.05). MTT assay indicated that the OD value was significantly higher in GDNF-SCs group than in SCs and DMEM groups (p<0.05). hGDNF-SCs can steadily and efficiently release hGDNF. This study provides a basis for cell therapy of nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-yang Ba
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510630, China
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26
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Gu X, Ding F, Williams DF. Neural tissue engineering options for peripheral nerve regeneration. Biomaterials 2014; 35:6143-56. [PMID: 24818883 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.04.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 399] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineered nerve grafts (TENGs) have emerged as a potential alternative to autologous nerve grafts, the gold standard for peripheral nerve repair. Typically, TENGs are composed of a biomaterial-based template that incorporates biochemical cues. A number of TENGs have been used experimentally to bridge long peripheral nerve gaps in various animal models, where the desired outcome is nerve tissue regeneration and functional recovery. So far, the translation of TENGs to the clinic for use in humans has met with a certain degree of success. In order to optimize the TENG design and further approach the matching of TENGs with autologous nerve grafts, many new cues, beyond the traditional ones, will have to be integrated into TENGs. Furthermore, there is a strong requirement for monitoring the real-time dynamic information related to the construction of TENGs. The aim of this opinion paper is to specifically and critically describe the latest advances in the field of neural tissue engineering for peripheral nerve regeneration. Here we delineate new attempts in the design of template (or scaffold) materials, especially in the context of biocompatibility, the choice and handling of support cells, and growth factor release systems. We further discuss the significance of RNAi for peripheral nerve regeneration, anticipate the potential application of RNAi reagents for TENGs, and speculate on the possible contributions of additional elements, including angiogenesis, electrical stimulation, molecular inflammatory mediators, bioactive peptides, antioxidant reagents, and cultured biological constructs, to TENGs. Finally, we consider that a diverse array of physicochemical and biological cues must be orchestrated within a TENG to create a self-consistent coordinated system with a close proximity to the regenerative microenvironment of the peripheral nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaosong Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, JS 226001, China.
| | - Fei Ding
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, JS 226001, China
| | - David F Williams
- Wake Forest Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
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27
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Wu-Fienberg Y, Moore AM, Marquardt LM, Newton P, Johnson PJ, Mackinnon SE, Sakiyama-Elbert SE, Wood MD. Viral transduction of primary Schwann cells using a Cre-lox system to regulate GDNF expression. Biotechnol Bioeng 2014; 111:1886-94. [PMID: 24728940 DOI: 10.1002/bit.25247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Revised: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Glial cell-line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is a potent neurotrophic factor known to enhance motor nerve regeneration following its delivery. However, recent studies have determined that extended GDNF delivery to regenerating axons can entrap motor axons at the site of GDNF delivery. This entrapment leads to reduced motor axons available to reinnervate muscle. To address this issue, we designed a cell-based GDNF expression system that can temporally regulate protein expression using an inducible gene excision mechanism to prevent entrapment at the site of expression. To design this system for regulation of GDNF expression, we transduced two lentiviral vectors, one containing a constitutively active GDNF transgene flanked by two loxP sites, and the other containing a tetracycline-inducible cre transgene along with its constitutively active transactivator, into Schwann cells (SCs). These SCs over-express GDNF, but expression can be suppressed through the administration of tetracycline family antibiotics, such as doxycycline. The engineered SCs produced significantly more GDNF as compared to untransduced controls, as measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Following doxycycline treatment, these SCs produced significantly lower levels of GDNF and induced less neurite extension as compared to untreated SCs. Engineered SCs treated with doxycycline showed a marked increase in Cre recombinase expression, as visualized by immunohistochemistry (IHC), providing evidence of a mechanism for the observed changes in GDNF expression levels and biological activity. This cell-based GDNF expression system could have potential for future in vivo studies to provide a temporally controlled GDNF source to promote axon growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuewei Wu-Fienberg
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8238, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri, 63110
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28
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Thumsing S, Israsena N, Boonkrai C, Supaphol P. Preparation of bioactive glycosylated glial cell-line derived neurotrophic factor-loaded microspheres for medical applications. J Appl Polym Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/app.40168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saowapa Thumsing
- The Petroleum and Petrochemical College; Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok 10330 Thailand
| | - Nipan Israsena
- Department of Pharmacology; Faculty of Medicine; Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok 10330 Thailand
- The Stem Cell and Cell Therapy Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine; Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok 10330 Thailand
- The Neuroscience of Headache Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine; Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok 10330 Thailand
| | - Chatikorn Boonkrai
- The Stem Cell and Cell Therapy Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine; Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok 10330 Thailand
- The Neuroscience of Headache Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine; Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok 10330 Thailand
| | - Pitt Supaphol
- The Petroleum and Petrochemical College; Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok 10330 Thailand
- The Center of Excellence on Petrochemical and Materials Technology; Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok 10330 Thailand
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