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Harrison DEF. Physiological effects of dissolved oxygen tension and redox potential on growing populations of micro-organisms. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/jctb.2720220311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Konlani S, Delgenes J, Moletta R, Traore A, Doh A. Isolation and physiological characterization of yeasts involved in sorghum beer production. FOOD BIOTECHNOL 1996. [DOI: 10.1080/08905439609549899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Oxygen and/or glucose limitation in a chemostat culture of Candida utilis mathematical model identification. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 1995. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00369696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Kaliterna J, Weusthuis RA, Castrillo JI, Van Dijken JP, Pronk JT. Transient responses of Candida utilis to oxygen limitation: regulation of the Kluyver effect for maltose. Yeast 1995; 11:317-25. [PMID: 7785332 DOI: 10.1002/yea.320110404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The facultatively fermentative yeast Candida utilis exhibits the Kluyver effect for maltose: this disaccharide is respired and assimilated but, in contrast to glucose, it cannot be fermented. To study the mechanism of the Kluyver effect, metabolic responses of C. utilis to a transition from aerobic, sugar-limited growth to oxygen-limited conditions were studied in chemostat cultures. Unexpectedly, the initial response of maltose-grown cultures to oxygen limitation was very similar to that of glucose-grown cultures. In both cases, alcoholic fermentation occurred after a lag phase of 1 h, during which glycerol, pyruvate and D-lactate were the main fermentation products. After ca. 10 h the behaviour of the maltose- and glucose-grown cultures diverged: ethanol disappeared from the maltose-grown cultures, whereas fermentation continued in steady-state, oxygen-limited cultures grown on glucose. The disappearance of alcoholic fermentation in oxygen-limited chemostat cultures growing on maltose was not due to a repression of the synthesis of pyruvate decarboxylase and alcohol dehydrogenase. The results demonstrate that the Kluyver effect for maltose in C. utilis does not reflect an intrinsic inability of this yeast to ferment maltose, but is caused by a regulatory phenomenon that affects a key enzyme in maltose metabolism, probably the maltose carrier. The observed kinetics indicate that this regulation occurs at the level of enzyme synthesis rather than via modification of existing enzyme activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kaliterna
- Department of Microbiology and Enzymology, Kluyer Laboratory of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands
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Horn C, du Preez J, Lategan P. Protein enrichment of banana plant wastes by yeast cultivation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/0269-7483(88)90055-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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van Dijken JP, van den Bosch E, Hermans JJ, de Miranda LR, Scheffers WA. Alcoholic fermentation by 'non-fermentative' yeasts. Yeast 1986; 2:123-7. [PMID: 3333301 DOI: 10.1002/yea.320020208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
All type strains of 'non-fermentative' yeasts, available in the culture collection of the Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures, were reinvestigated for their capacity to ferment glucose in the classical Durham tube test. Although visible gas production was absent, nearly all strains produced significant amounts of ethanol under the test conditions. Under conditions of oxygen-limited growth, even strong alcoholic fermentation may occur in a number of yeasts hitherto considered as non-fermentative. Thus, shake-flask cultures of Hansenula nonfermentans and Candida silvae fermented more than half of the available sugar to ethanol. It is concluded that the taxonomic test for fermentation capacity, which relies on detection of gas formation in Durham tubes, is not reliable for a physiological classification of yeasts as fermentative and non-fermentative species.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P van Dijken
- Department of Microbiology and Enzymology, Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands
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Sanglard D, Käppeli O, Fiechter A. Metabolic conditions determining the composition and catalytic activity of cytochrome P-450 monooxygenases in Candida tropicalis. J Bacteriol 1984; 157:297-302. [PMID: 6690424 PMCID: PMC215166 DOI: 10.1128/jb.157.1.297-302.1984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In the microsomal fraction of Candida tropicalis cells, two distinct monooxygenases were detected, depending on the growth conditions. The distinction of the two monooxygenases was evident from: (i) the absorption maxima in the reduced CO difference spectra of the terminal oxidases (cytochromes P-450 and P-448); (ii) the contents of the monooxygenase components (cytochromes P-450/P-448, NADPH-cytochrome c (P-450) reductase, and cytochrome b5) and (iii) the catalytic activity of the complete system (aliphatic hydroxylation and N-demethylation activity). The occurrence of the respective monooxygenases could be related to the carbon source (n-alkanes or glucose). Oxygen limitation led to a significant increase of cytochrome P-450/P-448 content, independent of the carbon source utilized by the cells. An improved method for the isolation of microsomes enabled us to demonstrate the presence of cytochrome P-448 in glucose-grown cells.
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Furukawa K, Heinzle E, Dunn IJ. Influence of oxygen on the growth ofSaccharomyces cerevisiae in continuous culture. Biotechnol Bioeng 1983; 25:2293-317. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.260251003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Lloyd D, Kristensen B, Degn H. Glycolysis and respiration in yeasts. The Pasteur effect studied by mass spectrometry. Biochem J 1983; 212:749-54. [PMID: 6411073 PMCID: PMC1153151 DOI: 10.1042/bj2120749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Simultaneous and continuous measurements of changes in CO2 and O2 concentrations in glucose-metabolizing yeast suspensions by mass spectrometry enabled a study of the Pasteur effect (aerobic inhibition of glycolysis) in Saccharomyces uvarum and Schizosaccharomyces pombe. A different control mechanism operates in Candida utilis to give a damped oscillation after the anaerobic-aerobic transition. The apparent Km values for respiration of the three yeasts were in the range 1.3-1.8 microM-O2. The apparent Km values for O2 of the Pasteur effect were 5 and 13 microM for catabolite-repressed and derepressed S. uvarum respectively and 7 microM for Sch. pombe. These results are discussed with respect to currently accepted mechanisms for the control of glycolysis.
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Abstract
Induction of cytoplasmic pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC) in Candida utilis increases with culture age throughout aerobic logarithmic phase growth on glucose and is due to oxygen depletion. Resting cells, grown on ethanol or acetate, fail to initiate PDC synthesis for two to three hours following anaerobic suspension in glucose although these cells are capable of glucose uptake. PDC induction occurs only at permissive growth temperatures, i.e., 5 degrees C to 35 degrees C. A preliminary characterization of the enzyme indicates an activity optimum of 35 degrees C and a lack of any regulatory properties.
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Chemostat studies on the hexadecane assimilation by the yeastCandida tropicalis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1981. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01008333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Induction effect of PO 2 during continuous yeast production from ethanol in a multistage tower fermentor. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1980. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00503504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Malamud DR, Borralho LM, Panek AD, Mattoon JR. Modulation of cytochrome biosynthesis in yeast by antimetabolite action of levulinic acid. J Bacteriol 1979; 138:799-804. [PMID: 378939 PMCID: PMC218107 DOI: 10.1128/jb.138.3.799-804.1979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Levulinic acid, a competitive inhibitor of delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase, was used to inhibit cytochrome biosynthesis in growing yeast cells. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae the antimetabolite acts by inhibiting delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase in vivo, causing an accumulation of intracellular delta-aminolevulinic acid and simultaneous decreases in all classes of mitochondrial cytochromes. Changes in cellular cytochrome content with increasing levulinic acid concentration suggested the existence of different regulatory patterns in S. cerevisiae and Candida utilis. In C. utilis, cytochrome a.a3 formation is very resistant to the antimetabolite action of levulinic acid. In this aerobic yeast, cytochrome c+c1 is the most sensitive to levulinic acid, and cytochrome b exhibits intermediate sensitivity.
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Cail R, Rickard PAD, Rogers PL. Maximization ofCandida utilis cytochromes by pulse additions of ethanol to continuous cultures. Biotechnol Bioeng 1979. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.260210506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Páca J, Grégr V. Growth characteristics of Candida utilis in a multistage culture system. Enzyme Microb Technol 1979. [DOI: 10.1016/0141-0229(79)90106-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Rickard PA, Hogan CB. Effects of glucose on the activity and synthesis of fermentative and respiratory pathway of Saccharomyces sp. Biotechnol Bioeng 1978; 20:1105-10. [PMID: 687787 DOI: 10.1002/bit.260200712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Páca J, Grégr V. Growth characteristics of Candida utilis on volatile substrate in a multistage tower fermentor. Biotechnol Bioeng 1977; 19:539-54. [PMID: 15674 DOI: 10.1002/bit.260190408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The influence of increasing ethanol concentration in the feed on growth and physiological activity of the yeast Candida utlis was studied. The measurements were made at steady states of continuous culture under constant values of dilution rate, temperature, and pH in all stages of the fermentor; Synthetic ethanol was used as the sole source of carbon and energy in the concentration range 10-100 g/liter. The maximum biomass concentration in the effluent and maximum productivity was achieved at 75 g ethanol/liter in the feed. In respect to ethanol losses in the outlet and biomass yield, the optimum ethanol concentration in the input of the growth medium was found to be about 50 g/liter using a four-stage system.
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Borzani W, Gregori RE, Vairo MLR. Response of a continuous anaerobic culture to periodic variation of the feeding mash concentration. Biotechnol Bioeng 1976. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.260180503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Oura E. Effect of aeration intensity on the biochemical composition of baker's yeast. II. Activities of the oxidative enzymes. Biotechnol Bioeng 1974; 16:1213-25. [PMID: 4609511 DOI: 10.1002/bit.260160906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Akbar MD, Rickard PA, Moss FJ. Response of the adenosine phosphate pool level to changes in the catabolic pattern of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biotechnol Bioeng 1974; 16:455-74. [PMID: 4605056 DOI: 10.1002/bit.260160403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Rogers PJ, Stewart PR. Energetic efficiency and maintenance. Energy characteristics of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (wild type and petite) and Candida parapsilosis grown aerobically and micro-aerobically in continuous culture. Arch Microbiol 1974; 99:25-46. [PMID: 4604428 DOI: 10.1007/bf00696220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Rogers PJ, Stewart PR. Mitochondrial protein synthesis in aerobic and micro-aerobic continuous cultures of Candida parapsilosis. Arch Microbiol 1974; 99:47-59. [PMID: 4853227 DOI: 10.1007/bf00696221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Ferdouse M, Rickard PA, Moss FJ, Blanch HW. Quantitative studies of the development of S. cerevisiae mitochondria. Biotechnol Bioeng 1972; 14:1007-26. [PMID: 4567261 DOI: 10.1002/bit.260140609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Harrison DEF. Physiological effects of dissolved oxygen tension and redox potential on growing populations of micro-organisms. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1972. [DOI: 10.1002/jctb.5020220311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Light PA, Garland PB. A comparison of mitochondria from Torulopsis utilis grown in continuous culture with glycerol, iron, ammonium, magnesium or phosphate as the growth-limiting nutrient. Biochem J 1971; 124:123-34. [PMID: 4331254 PMCID: PMC1177121 DOI: 10.1042/bj1240123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
1. Mitochondria prepared from Torulopsis utilis grown in a chemostat with iron-limited growth were found to lack energy conservation but not electron flow in that segment of the respiratory chain leading from intramitochondrial NADH to the cytochromes [i.e. the site 1 segment (Lehninger, 1964)]. 2. Site 1 energy conservation was present in mitochondria prepared from cells grown under conditions of limitation by glycerol, ammonium and magnesium. Phosphate-limited growth resulted in mitochondrial preparations without respiratory control. 3. Mitochondria from cells grown under conditions of iron limitation were insensitive to the respiratory inhibitor piericidin A, whereas sensitivity was present in mitochondria prepared from glycerol-, ammonium-, magnesium- or phosphate-limited cells. 4. These observations are considered to provide indirect evidence for a role of non-haem iron in the mechanism of energy conservation and also piericidin A sensitivity in T. utilis mitochondria. 5. A readily constructed and inexpensive pH-measuring and -controlling circuit is described for use with continuous-culture apparatus.
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Rickard PA, Moss FJ, Phillips D, Mok TC. The effects of glucose and oxygen on the cytochromes and metabolic activity of yeast batch cultures. II. Candida utilis. Biotechnol Bioeng 1971; 13:169-84. [PMID: 5580679 DOI: 10.1002/bit.260130202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Gray PP, Rogers PL. II. Mathematical simulation of cytochrome oscillations. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1971; 230:401-10. [PMID: 5573367 DOI: 10.1016/0304-4165(71)90227-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Moss F, Rickard PA, Roper G. Chapter XII Reflectance Spectrophotometry. J Microbiol Methods 1971. [DOI: 10.1016/s0580-9517(08)70650-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Rickard PAD, Moss FJ, Ganez M. The effects of glucose and oxygen on the cytochromes and metabolic activity of yeast batch cultures. I.Saccharomyces spp. Biotechnol Bioeng 1971. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.260130102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Moss FJ, Rickard PAD, Bush FE, Caiger P. The response by microorganisms to steady-state growth in controlled concentrations of oxygen and glucose. II.Saccharomyces carlsbergensis. Biotechnol Bioeng 1971. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.260130105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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