1
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Zhang M, Wang HY, Zhang YQ. A new method to immobilize urease in silk fibroin membrane by unidirectional nanopore dehydration. Biotechnol Prog 2024:e3502. [PMID: 39238226 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
The immobilization of free enzymes is crucial for enhancing their stability in different environments, enabling reusability, and expanding their applications. However, the development of a straightforward immobilization method that offers stability, high efficiency, biocompatibility, and modifiability remains a significant challenge. Silk fibroin (SF) is a good carrier for immobilized enzymes and drugs. Here, we employed urease as a model enzyme and utilized our developed technology called unidirectional nanopore dehydration (UND) to efficiently dehydrate a regenerated SF solution containing urease in a single step, resulting in the preparation of a highly functionalized SF membrane immobilizing urease (UI-SFM). The preparation process of UI-SFM is based on an all-water system, which is mild, green and able to efficiently and stably immobilize urease in the membranes, maintaining 92.7% and 82.8% relative enzyme activity after 30 days of storage in dry and hydrated states, respectively. Additionally, we performed additional post-treatments, including stretching and cross-linking with polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (PEGDE), to obtain two more robust immobilized urease membranes (UI-SFMs and UI-SFMc). The thermal and storage stability of these two membranes were significantly improved, and the recovery ratio of enzyme activity reached more than 90%. After 10 repetitions of the enzymatic reaction, the activity recovery of UI-SFMs and UI-SFMc remained at 92% and 88%, respectively. The results suggest that both UND-based and post-treatment-developed membranes exhibit excellent urease immobilization capabilities. Furthermore, the enzyme immobilization method offers a straightforward and versatile approach for efficient and stable enzyme immobilization, while its flexible modifiability caters to diverse application requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- Silk Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Yan Wang
- Stomatology Department, The People's Hospital of Suzhou New District, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Qing Zhang
- Silk Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
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2
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Tian H, Ma J, Li Y, Xiao X, Zhang M, Wang H, Zhu N, Hou C, Ulstrup J. Electrochemical sensing fibers for wearable health monitoring devices. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 246:115890. [PMID: 38048721 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Real-time monitoring of health conditions is an emerging strong issue in health care, internet information, and other strongly evolving areas. Wearable electronics are versatile platforms for non-invasive sensing. Among a variety of wearable device principles, fiber electronics represent cutting-edge development of flexible electronics. Enabled by electrochemical sensing, fiber electronics have found a wide range of applications, providing new opportunities for real-time monitoring of health conditions by daily wearing, and electrochemical fiber sensors as explored in the present report are a promising emerging field. In consideration of the key challenges and corresponding solutions for electrochemical sensing fibers, we offer here a timely and comprehensive review. We discuss the principles and advantages of electrochemical sensing fibers and fabrics. Our review also highlights the importance of electrochemical sensing fibers in the fabrication of "smart" fabric designs, focusing on strategies to address key issues in fiber-based electrochemical sensors, and we provide an overview of smart clothing systems and their cutting-edge applications in therapeutic care. Our report offers a comprehensive overview of current developments in electrochemical sensing fibers to researchers in the fields of wearables, flexible electronics, and electrochemical sensing, stimulating forthcoming development of next-generation "smart" fabrics-based electrochemical sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Tian
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, PR China
| | - Junlin Ma
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, 116024, PR China
| | - Yaogang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, PR China.
| | - Xinxin Xiao
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, 9220, Aalborg, Denmark.
| | - Minwei Zhang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Gentic Engineering, College of Life Science & Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, PR China
| | - Hongzhi Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, PR China
| | - Nan Zhu
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, 116024, PR China.
| | - Chengyi Hou
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, PR China.
| | - Jens Ulstrup
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, 2800, Denmark.
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3
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Wang HY, Zhang Y, Zhang M, Zhang YQ. Functional modification of silk fibroin from silkworms and its application to medical biomaterials: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 259:129099. [PMID: 38176506 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.129099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Silk fibroin (SF) from the silkworm Bombyx mori is a fibrous protein identified as a widely suitable biomaterial due to its biocompatibility, tunable degradation, and mechanical strength. Various modifications of SF protein can give SF fibers new properties and functions, broadening their applications in textile and biomedical industries. A diverse array of functional modifications on various forms of SF has been reported. In order to provide researchers with a more systematic understanding of the types of functional modifications of SF protein, as well as the corresponding applications, we comprehensively review the different types of functional modifications, including transgenic modification, modifications with chemical groups or biologically active substance, cross-linking and copolymerization without chemical reactions, their specific modification methods and applications. Furthermore, recent applications of SF in various medical biomaterials are briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Yan Wang
- Obstetrical department, The People's Hospital of Suzhou New District, Suzhou, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Obstetrical department, The People's Hospital of Suzhou New District, Suzhou, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Utilization and Innovation of Silkworm and Bee Resources, Institute of Applied Bioresource Research, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Qing Zhang
- Silk Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
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4
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Huang X, An Y, Yuan S, Chen C, Shan H, Zhang M. Silk fibroin carriers with sustained release capacity for treating neurological diseases. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1117542. [PMID: 37214477 PMCID: PMC10196044 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1117542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurological diseases such as traumatic brain injury, cerebral ischemia, Parkinson's, and Alzheimer's disease usually occur in the central and peripheral nervous system and result in nervous dysfunction, such as cognitive impairment and motor dysfunction. Long-term clinical intervention is necessary for neurological diseases where neural stem cell transplantation has made substantial progress. However, many risks remain for cell therapy, such as puncture bleeding, postoperative infection, low transplantation success rate, and tumor formation. Sustained drug delivery, which aims to maintain the desired steady-state drug concentrations in plasma or local injection sites, is considered as a feasible option to help overcome side effects and improve the therapeutic efficiency of drugs on neurological diseases. Natural polymers such as silk fibroin have excellent biocompatibility, which can be prepared for various end-use material formats, such as microsphere, gel, coating/film, scaffold/conduit, microneedle, and enables the dynamic release of loaded drugs to achieve a desired therapeutic response. Sustained-release drug delivery systems are based on the mechanism of diffusion and degradation by altering the structures of silk fibroin and drugs, factors, and cells, which can induce nerve recovery and restore the function of the nervous system in a slow and persistent manner. Based on these desirable properties of silk fibroin as a carrier with sustained-release capacity, this paper discusses the role of various forms of silk fibroin-based drug delivery materials in treating neurological diseases in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinqi Huang
- Institute of Forensic Sciences, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yumei An
- Institute of Forensic Sciences, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shengye Yuan
- Institute of Forensic Sciences, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Dongtai People’s Hospital, Dongtai, China
| | - Haiyan Shan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Mingyang Zhang
- Institute of Forensic Sciences, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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5
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Asakura T, Naito A. Structure of silk I (Bombyx mori silk fibroin before spinning) in the dry and hydrated states studied using 13C solid-state NMR spectroscopy. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 216:282-290. [PMID: 35788005 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.06.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, much attention has been paid to Bombyx mori silk fibroin (SF) by many researchers because of excellent physical properties and biocompatibility. These superior properties originate from the structure of SF and therefore, the structural analysis is a key to clarify the superiority. Here we concentrated on silk I structure (SF structure before spinning). We showed that silk I* (the structure of (GAGAGS)n which is a main part of SF) is a repeated type II β-turn, neither α-helix nor random coil, from the conformation-dependent 13C NMR chemical shift data. This conclusion is different from that obtained using IR by many researchers. Next, the formation of silk I* structure was investigated at molecular level using 13C solid-state NMR spectroscopy. Three kinds of 13C INEPT, CP/MAS and DD/MAS NMR spectra were observed for SF, [3-13C] Ser- and [3-13C] Tyr-SF, the crystalline fraction obtained by chymotrypsin treatment of SF and their model peptide with silk I structures in the dry and hydrated states. Especially, the presence of the sequences containing Tyr, (((GX)m1GY)m2 where X = A or V) with random coil conformations adjacent to (GAGAGS)n is an essence to get water-soluble SF and the formation of silk I* structure of (GAGAGS)n.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuo Asakura
- Department of Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan.
| | - Akira Naito
- Department of Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
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6
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Yerra A, Dadala MM. Silk fibroin electrospun nanofiber blends with antibiotics and polyvinyl alcohol for burn wound healing. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Yerra
- Department of Biosciences and Sericulture Sri Padmavati Mahila Visvavidyalayam (Women's University) Tirupati India
| | - Mary Mamatha Dadala
- Department of Biosciences and Sericulture Sri Padmavati Mahila Visvavidyalayam (Women's University) Tirupati India
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7
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Lv S. Silk Fibroin-Based Materials for Catalyst Immobilization. Molecules 2020; 25:E4929. [PMID: 33114465 PMCID: PMC7663501 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25214929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Silk fibroin is a widely and commercially available natural protein derived from silkworm cocoons. Thanks to its unique amino acid composition and structure, which lead to localized nanoscale pockets with limited but sufficient hydration for protein interaction and stabilization, silk fibroin has been studied in the field of enzyme immobilization. Results of these studies have demonstrated that silk fibroin offers an important platform for covalent and noncovalent immobilization of enzymes through serving as a stabilization matrix/support with high retention of the biological activity of the enzymes of interest. In the hope of providing suggestions for potential future research directions, this review has been written to briefly introduce and summarize key advances in silk fibroin-based materials for immobilization of both enzymes/biocatalysts (including alkaline phosphatase, β-glucosidase, glucose oxidase, lipase, urease, uricase, horseradish peroxidase, catalase, xanthine oxidase, tyrosinase, acetylcholinesterase, neutral protease, α-chymotrypsin, amylase, organophosphorus hydrolase, β-galactosidase, carbonic anhydrase, laccase, zymolyase, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, thymidine kinase, and several others) and non-enzymatic catalysts (such as Au, Pd, Fe, α-Fe2O3, Fe3O4, TiO2, Pt, ZnO, CuO, Cu2O, Mn3O4, and MnO2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composite Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 BeisanhuanDong Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China
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8
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Kaushik S, Thungon PD, Goswami P. Silk Fibroin: An Emerging Biocompatible Material for Application of Enzymes and Whole Cells in Bioelectronics and Bioanalytical Sciences. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:4337-4355. [PMID: 33455178 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b01971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Enzymes and whole cells serve as the active biological entities in a myriad of applications including bioprocesses, bioanalytics, and bioelectronics. Conserving the natural activity of these functional biological entities during their prolonged use is one of the major goals for validating their practical applications. Silk fibroin (SF) has emerged as a biocompatible material to interface with enzymes as well as whole cells. These biomaterials can be tailored both physically and chemically to create excellent scaffolds of different forms such as fibers, films, and powder for immobilization and stabilization of enzymes. The secondary structures of the SF-protein can be attuned to generate hydrophobic/hydrophilic pockets suitable to create the biocompatible microenvironments. The fibrous nature of the SF protein with a dominant hydrophobic property may also serve as an excellent support for promoting cellular adhesion and growth. This review compiles and discusses the recent literature on the application of SF as a biocompatible material at the interface of enzymes and cells in various fields, including the emerging area of bioelectronics and bioanalytical sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharbani Kaushik
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43201, United States
| | - Phurpa Dema Thungon
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Pranab Goswami
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
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9
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On the Secondary Structure of Silk Fibroin Nanoparticles Obtained Using Ionic Liquids: An Infrared Spectroscopy Study. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12061294. [PMID: 32516911 PMCID: PMC7361871 DOI: 10.3390/polym12061294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Silk fibroin from Bombyx mori caterpillar is an outstanding biocompatible polymer for the production of biomaterials. Its impressive combination of strength, flexibility, and degradability are related to the protein’s secondary structure, which may be altered during the manufacture of the biomaterial. The present study looks at the silk fibroin secondary structure during nanoparticle production using ionic liquids and high-power ultrasound using novel infrared spectroscopic approaches. The infrared spectrum of silk fibroin fibers shows that they are composed of 58% β-sheet, 9% turns, and 33% irregular and/or turn-like structures. When fibroin was dissolved in ionic liquids, its amide I band resembled that of soluble silk and no β-sheet absorption was detected. Silk fibroin nanoparticles regenerated from the ionic liquid solution exhibited an amide I band that resembled that of the silk fibers but had a reduced β-sheet content and a corresponding higher content of turns, suggesting an incomplete turn-to-sheet transition during the regeneration process. Both the analysis of the experimental infrared spectrum and spectrum calculations suggest a particular type of β-sheet structure that was involved in this deficiency, whereas the two other types of β-sheet structure found in silk fibroin fibers were readily formed.
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10
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Characterization, stability improvement, and bread baking applications of a novel cold-adapted glucose oxidase from Cladosporium neopsychrotolerans SL16. Food Chem 2020; 310:125970. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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11
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Valente F, Allardyce BJ, Hepburn MS, Wijesinghe P, Redmond SL, Chen J, Kennedy BF, Rajkhowa R, Atlas MD, Wang X, Dilley RJ. Enhancing Resistance of Silk Fibroin Material to Enzymatic Degradation by Cross-Linking Both Crystalline and Amorphous Domains. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:2459-2468. [PMID: 33455319 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b00873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Silk fibroin (SF) membranes are finding widespread use as biomaterial scaffolds in a range of tissue engineering applications. The control over SF scaffold degradation kinetics is usually driven by the proportion of SF crystalline domains in the formulation, but membranes with a high β-sheet content are brittle and still contain amorphous domains, which are highly susceptible to enzymatic degradation. In this work, photo-cross-linking of SF using a ruthenium-based method, and with the addition of glycerol, was used to generate robust and flexible SF membranes for long-term tissue engineering applications requiring slow degradation of the scaffolds. The resulting mechanical properties, protein secondary structure, and degradation rate were investigated. In addition, the cytocompatibility and versatility of porous micropatterning of SF films were assessed. The photo-cross-linking reduced the enzymatic degradation of SF in vitro without interfering with the β-sheet content of the SF material, while adding glycerol to the composition grants flexibility to the membranes. By combining these methods, the membrane resistance to protease degradation was significantly enhanced compared to either method alone, and the SF mechanical properties were not impaired. We hypothesize that photo-cross-linking protects the SF amorphous regions from enzymatic degradation and complements the natural protection offered by β-sheets in the crystalline region. Overall, this approach presents broad utility in tissue engineering applications that require a long-term degradation profile and mechanical support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Valente
- Ear Science Institute Australia; Subiaco, Australia and Ear Sciences Centre, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands 6009, Australia
| | | | - Matt S Hepburn
- BRITElab, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia.,Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia
| | - Philip Wijesinghe
- BRITElab, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia.,Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia.,SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9SS, U.K
| | - Sharon L Redmond
- Ear Science Institute Australia; Subiaco, Australia and Ear Sciences Centre, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands 6009, Australia
| | - Jingyu Chen
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong 3220, Australia
| | - Brendan F Kennedy
- BRITElab, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia.,Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia
| | - Rangam Rajkhowa
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong 3220, Australia
| | - Marcus D Atlas
- Ear Science Institute Australia; Subiaco, Australia and Ear Sciences Centre, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands 6009, Australia
| | - Xungai Wang
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong 3220, Australia
| | - Rodney J Dilley
- Ear Science Institute Australia; Subiaco, Australia and Ear Sciences Centre, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands 6009, Australia.,Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands 6009, Australia
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12
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Qi Y, Wang H, Wei K, Yang Y, Zheng RY, Kim IS, Zhang KQ. A Review of Structure Construction of Silk Fibroin Biomaterials from Single Structures to Multi-Level Structures. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E237. [PMID: 28273799 PMCID: PMC5372488 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18030237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The biological performance of artificial biomaterials is closely related to their structure characteristics. Cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, and differentiation are all strongly affected by the different scale structures of biomaterials. Silk fibroin (SF), extracted mainly from silkworms, has become a popular biomaterial due to its excellent biocompatibility, exceptional mechanical properties, tunable degradation, ease of processing, and sufficient supply. As a material with excellent processability, SF can be processed into various forms with different structures, including particulate, fiber, film, and three-dimensional (3D) porous scaffolds. This review discusses and summarizes the various constructions of SF-based materials, from single structures to multi-level structures, and their applications. In combination with single structures, new techniques for creating special multi-level structures of SF-based materials, such as micropatterning and 3D-printing, are also briefly addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Qi
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Hui Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Kai Wei
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Ya Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Ru-Yue Zheng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Ick Soo Kim
- Nano Fusion Technology Research Lab, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research (ICCER), Division of Frontier Fibers, Institute for Fiber Engineering (IFES), Shinshu University, Ueda, Nagano 386 8567, Japan.
| | - Ke-Qin Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
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13
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Nakazawa Y, Sato M, Takahashi R, Aytemiz D, Takabayashi C, Tamura T, Enomoto S, Sata M, Asakura T. Development of Small-Diameter Vascular Grafts Based on Silk Fibroin Fibers from Bombyx mori for Vascular Regeneration. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2016; 22:195-206. [PMID: 20557695 DOI: 10.1163/092050609x12586381656530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In the field of surgical revascularization, the need for functional small-diameter (1.5-4.0 mm in diameter) vascular grafts is increasing. Several synthetic biomaterials have been tested for this purpose, but in many cases they cause thrombosis. In this study, we report the development of small-diameter vascular grafts made from silk fibroin fibers from the domestic silkworm Bombyx mori or recombinant silk fibroin fibers from a transgenic silkworm. The vascular grafts were prepared by braiding, flattening and winding the silk fibers twice onto a cylindrical polymer tube followed by coating with an aqueous silk fibroin solution. The grafts, which are 1.5 mm in inner diameter and 10 mm in length, were implanted into rat abdominal aorta. An excellent patency (ca. 85%, n= 27) at 12 months after grafting with wild-type silk fibers was obtained. Endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells migrated into the silk fibroin graft early after implantation, and became organized into an endothelium and a media-like smooth muscle layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasumoto Nakazawa
- a Nature and Science Museum, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
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14
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Partlow BP, Tabatabai AP, Leisk GG, Cebe P, Blair DL, Kaplan DL. Silk Fibroin Degradation Related to Rheological and Mechanical Properties. Macromol Biosci 2016; 16:666-75. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201500370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2015] [Revised: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin P. Partlow
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Tufts University; 4 Colby St. Medford MA 02155 USA
| | - A. Pasha Tabatabai
- Department of Physics Institute for Soft Matter Synthesis and Metrology; Georgetown University; 506 Reiss Science Building 37th and O Streets N. W. Washington, D.C. 20057 USA
| | - Gary G. Leisk
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; Tufts University; 200 College Ave. Medford MA 02155 USA
| | - Peggy Cebe
- Department of Physics and Astronomy; Tufts University; 574 Boston Ave. Medford MA 02155 USA
| | - Daniel L. Blair
- Department of Physics Institute for Soft Matter Synthesis and Metrology; Georgetown University; 506 Reiss Science Building 37th and O Streets N. W. Washington, D.C. 20057 USA
| | - David L. Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Tufts University; 4 Colby St. Medford MA 02155 USA
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15
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Zheng Z, Liu M, Guo S, Wu J, Lu D, Li G, Liu S, Wang X, Kaplan DL. Incorporation of quantum dots in silk biomaterials for fluorescence imaging. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:6509-6519. [PMID: 26257913 PMCID: PMC4527682 DOI: 10.1039/c5tb00326a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Tracking the distribution and degradation of biomaterials after in vivo implantation or injection is important for tissue engineering and drug delivery. Intrinsic and externally labeled fluorescence has been widely used for these purposes. In the present study, 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA)-coated CdTe quantum dots (QDs) were incorporated into silk materials via strong interactions between QDs and silk, likely involving the hydrophobic beta-sheet structures in silk. MPA-QDs were pre-mixed with silk solution, followed by ultrasonication to induce silk gelation or by blending with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) to generate silk microspheres. Silk structural changes and hydrogel/microsphere morphologies were examined by ATR-FTIR and SEM, respectively. The fluorescence of QDs-incorporated silk hydrogels and microspheres remained stable in PBS pH 7.4 for more than 4 days. The amount of QDs released from the materials during the incubation was dependent on loading; no QDs were released when loading was below 0.026 nmol/mg silk. After subcutaneous injection in mice, the fluorescence of QDs-incorporated silk microspheres was quenched within 24 h, similar to that of free QDs. In contrast, the QDs-incorporated silk hydrogels fluoresced for more than 4 days in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z.Z. Zheng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou, China 215123
| | - M. Liu
- The Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China 215123
| | - S.Z. Guo
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou, China 215123
| | - J.B. Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou, China 215123
| | - D.S. Lu
- College of Chemical Engineering and Material Chemistry, Heilong jiang University, Harbin, China 150086
| | - G. Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou, China 215123
| | - S.S. Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou, China 215123
| | - X.Q. Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou, China 215123
| | - D. L. Kaplan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou, China 215123
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, USA 02155
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Calamak S, Aksoy EA, Ertas N, Erdogdu C, Sagıroglu M, Ulubayram K. Ag/silk fibroin nanofibers: Effect of fibroin morphology on Ag+ release and antibacterial activity. Eur Polym J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2015.03.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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17
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Saotome T, Hayashi H, Tanaka R, Kinugasa A, Uesugi S, Tatematsu KI, Sezutsu H, Kuwabara N, Asakura T. Introduction of VEGF or RGD sequences improves revascularization properties of Bombyx mori silk fibroin produced by transgenic silkworm. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:7109-7116. [DOI: 10.1039/c5tb00939a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Transgenic silk fibroins incorporated the VEGF and RGD were prepared. The VEGF SF showed lower platelet adhesion than the RGD SF and WT SF. An in vivo implantation study supported these in vitro results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiki Saotome
- Department of Biotechnology
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
- Tokyo 184-8588
- Japan
- Research and Development Center
| | - Haruki Hayashi
- Department of Biotechnology
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
- Tokyo 184-8588
- Japan
| | - Ryo Tanaka
- Division of Animal Life Science
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
- Tokyo 183-8509
- Japan
| | - Atsushi Kinugasa
- Research and Development Center
- The Japan Wool Textile Co
- Hyogo 675-0053
- Japan
| | - Shouji Uesugi
- Research and Development Center
- The Japan Wool Textile Co
- Hyogo 675-0053
- Japan
| | - Ken-ichiro Tatematsu
- Transgenic Silkworm Research Unit
- National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences
- Ibaraki 305-8634
- Japan
| | - Hideki Sezutsu
- Transgenic Silkworm Research Unit
- National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences
- Ibaraki 305-8634
- Japan
| | | | - Tetsuo Asakura
- Department of Biotechnology
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
- Tokyo 184-8588
- Japan
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18
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Wang F, Zhang YQ. Bioconjugation of Silk Fibroin Nanoparticles with Enzyme and Peptide and Their Characterization. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2015; 98:263-91. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2014.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Borkner CB, Elsner MB, Scheibel T. Coatings and films made of silk proteins. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:15611-15625. [PMID: 25004395 DOI: 10.1021/am5008479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Silks are a class of proteinaceous materials produced by arthropods for various purposes. Spider dragline silk is known for its outstanding mechanical properties, and it shows high biocompatibility, good biodegradability, and a lack of immunogenicity and allergenicity. The silk produced by the mulberry silkworm B. mori has been used as a textile fiber and in medical devices for a long time. Here, recent progress in the processing of different silk materials into highly tailored isotropic and anisotropic coatings for biomedical applications such as tissue engineering, cell adhesion, and implant coatings as well as for optics and biosensors is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian B Borkner
- Lehrstuhl Biomaterialien, Fakultät für Ingenieurwissenschaften, ‡Bayreuther Zentrum für Kolloide und Grenzflächen (BZKG), §Institut für Bio-Makromoleküle (bio-mac), ∥Bayreuther Zentrum für Molekulare Biowissenschaften (BZMB), and ⊥Bayreuther Materialzentrum (BayMAT), Universität Bayreuth , Universitätsstrasse 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
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The Silk I and Lamella Structures of (Ala-Gly)15 as the Model of Bombyx mori Silk Fibroin Studied with Solid State NMR. BIOTECHNOLOGY OF SILK 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-7119-2_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
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21
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Aytemiz D, Asakura T. Application of Bombyx mori Silk Fibroin as a Biomaterial for Vascular Grafts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-7119-2_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
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22
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Asakura T, Suzuki Y, Nagano A, Knight D, Kamiya M, Demura M. Synthesis and Characterization of Water-Soluble Silk Peptides and Recombinant Silk Protein Containing Polyalanine, the Integrin Binding Site, and Two Glutamic Acids at Each Terminal Site as a Possible Candidate for Use in Bone Repair Materials. Biomacromolecules 2013; 14:3731-41. [DOI: 10.1021/bm401118m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuo Asakura
- Department of Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Yu Suzuki
- Department of Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Aya Nagano
- Department of Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - David Knight
- Oxford Biomaterials, Ltd., Magdalen Centre, Oxford, OX4 4GA, United Kingdom
| | - Masakatsu Kamiya
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Makoto Demura
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
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Aytemiz D, Sakiyama W, Suzuki Y, Nakaizumi N, Tanaka R, Ogawa Y, Takagi Y, Nakazawa Y, Asakura T. Small-diameter silk vascular grafts (3 mm diameter) with a double-raschel knitted silk tube coated with silk fibroin sponge. Adv Healthc Mater 2013. [PMID: 23184438 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201200227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Small-diameter (less than 6 mm in diameter) vascular grafts are highly desirable due to the large demand for surgical revascularization; however, there are no available artificial grafts. Vascular grafts of 1.5 mm diameter prepared by our group with silk fibroin fiber have been proved to be excellent grafts with remarkably high patency and remodeling, based on rat implantation experiment (Enomoto et al., 2010). In this study, a silk fibroin vascular graft with 3 mm diameter which can be used for the coronary arteries or lower extremity arteries is prepared with a double-raschel knitted Bombyx mori silk fiber tube coated with B. mori silk fibroin sponge. Here the silk sponge is prepared from an aqueous solution of the silk fibroin and poly(ethylene) glycol diglycidyl ether as porogen. Sufficient strength, proper elasticity, and protection from loose ends in the implantation process are obtained for the silk fibroin graft; low water permeability and relatively large compliance are also attained. These excellent physical properties make silk fibroin grafts suitable to be implanted in a canine model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derya Aytemiz
- Division of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan
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Abstract
One of the promising new techniques in the production of biomaterials is the electrospinning process, whereby fibers of uniform thickness down to the nanoscale can be produced from solutions of polymeric material in a high electric field. At the same time there has been increasing interest in the manufacture of biodegradable nanomaterials from nonfood sources and this has led to investigations into the use of proteins such as collagen, keratin, and fibroin. Explorations into the use of these proteins in the generation of mats suitable for filtration purposes or scaffolds with applications for tissue engineering form the subject of this review.
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Nakazawa Y, Asano A, Nakazawa CT, Tsukatani T, Asakura T. Structural characterization of silk-polyurethane composite material for biomaterials using solid-state NMR. Polym J 2012. [DOI: 10.1038/pj.2012.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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26
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Lawrence BD, Pan Z, Weber MD, Kaplan DL, Rosenblatt MI. Silk film culture system for in vitro analysis and biomaterial design. J Vis Exp 2012:3646. [PMID: 22565786 PMCID: PMC3466641 DOI: 10.3791/3646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Silk films are promising protein-based biomaterials that can be fabricated with high fidelity and economically within a research laboratory environment 1,2 . These materials are desirable because they possess highly controllable dimensional and material characteristics, are biocompatible and promote cell adhesion, can be modified through topographic patterning or by chemically altering the surface, and can be used as a depot for biologically active molecules for drug delivery related applications 3-8 . In addition, silk films are relatively straightforward to custom design, can be designed to dissolve within minutes or degrade over years in vitro or in vivo, and are produce with the added benefit of being transparent in nature and therefore highly suitable for imaging applications 9-13. The culture system methodology presented here represents a scalable approach for rapid assessments of cell-silk film surface interactions. Of particular interest is the use of surface patterned silk films to study differences in cell proliferation and responses of cells for alignment 12,14 . The seeded cultures were cultured on both micro-patterned and flat silk film substrates, and then assessed through time-lapse phase-contrast imaging, scanning electron microscopy, and biochemical assessment of metabolic activity and nucleic acid content. In summary, the silk film in vitro culture system offers a customizable experimental setup suitable to the study of cell-surface interactions on a biomaterial substrate, which can then be optimized and then translated to in vivo models. Observations using the culture system presented here are currently being used to aid in applications ranging from basic cell interactions to medical device design, and thus are relevant to a broad range of biomedical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian D Lawrence
- Margaret M. Dyson Vision Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, USA
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Pritchard EM, Dennis PB, Omenetto F, Naik RR, Kaplan DL. Review physical and chemical aspects of stabilization of compounds in silk. Biopolymers 2012; 97:479-98. [PMID: 22270942 DOI: 10.1002/bip.22026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2011] [Accepted: 12/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The challenge of stabilization of small molecules and proteins has received considerable interest. The biological activity of small molecules can be lost as a consequence of chemical modifications, while protein activity may be lost due to chemical or structural degradation, such as a change in macromolecular conformation or aggregation. In these cases, stabilization is required to preserve therapeutic and bioactivity efficacy and safety. In addition to use in therapeutic applications, strategies to stabilize small molecules and proteins also have applications in industrial processes, diagnostics, and consumer products like food and cosmetics. Traditionally, therapeutic drug formulation efforts have focused on maintaining stability during product preparation and storage. However, with growing interest in the fields of encapsulation, tissue engineering, and controlled release drug delivery systems, new stabilization challenges are being addressed; the compounds or protein of interest must be stabilized during: (1) fabrication of the protein or small molecule-loaded carrier, (2) device storage, and (3) for the duration of intended release needs in vitro or in vivo. We review common mechanisms of compound degradation for small molecules and proteins during biomaterial preparation (including tissue engineering scaffolds and drug delivery systems), storage, and in vivo implantation. We also review the physical and chemical aspects of polymer-based stabilization approaches, with a particular focus on the stabilizing properties of silk fibroin biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor M Pritchard
- Department for Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
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28
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Li R, Zhang Y, Zhu L, Yao J. Fabrication and characterization of silk fibroin/poly(ethylene glycol)/cellulose nanowhisker composite films. J Appl Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/app.35273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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29
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Asakura T, Nishi H, Nagano A, Yoshida A, Nakazawa Y, Kamiya M, Demura M. NMR Analysis of the Fibronectin Cell-Adhesive Sequence, Arg-Gly-Asp, in a Recombinant Silk-Like Protein and a Model Peptide. Biomacromolecules 2011; 12:3910-6. [DOI: 10.1021/bm2011196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuo Asakura
- Department of Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Hirohito Nishi
- Department of Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Aya Nagano
- Department of Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
- Research Department, Japan Medical Materials Corporation, Osaka 532-0003, Japan
| | - Ai Yoshida
- Department of Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Yasumoto Nakazawa
- Nature and Science Museum, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Masakatsu Kamiya
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Makoto Demura
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
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Abstract
AbstractCast silk membranes exhibit useful properties. However, there is limited control over the molecular architecture in these structures. The Langmuir-Blodgett technique can enhance the control of the membrane structure and allow improved control over membrane properties. We have formed natural silk monolayers using the Langmuir technique. Silk fibroin, regenerated from Bombvx mori cocoons, formed stable monolayers evident from pressure/area isotherms. Multilayers of the silk fibroin monolayers were deposited on a number of substrates and characterized. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and ellipsometry data provide basic information about the physical characteristics of the monolayer. Preliminary analysis of electron diffraction data of the monolayer indicate polycrystalline structure, consistent with the known structure of silk. Infrared spectrometric analysis of the monolayer using Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) gave wavenumbers for Amide I, II, III and V bands which compare with the silk II conformation reported for cast silk membranes.
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31
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Fossey SA, Nemethy G, Gibson KD, Scheraga HA. Conformational Energy Studies of Model Silk Fibroin Peptides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1557/proc-218-253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Silk-like proteins are a topic of long-standing scientific interest and recently are being considered for such uses as high performance fibers [1] and enzyme-immobilizing substrates [2]. The structure of silk (in particular, the metastable silk I form) is critical in understanding the formation and processing of these materials.Computations provide a useful tool for the detailed modeling of the structures of fibrous proteins. Conformational energy calculations on representative model polypeptides have been used successfully to elucidate the structure of collagen [3]. We have applied this method to the study of the crystalline region of Bombvx mori silk fibroin [4].
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Yin H, Ai S, Xu J, Shi W, Zhu L. Amperometric biosensor based on immobilized acetylcholinesterase on gold nanoparticles and silk fibroin modified platinum electrode for detection of methyl paraoxon, carbofuran and phoxim. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2009.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Abstract
The biocompatibility and biodegradability of natural silk fibres and the benign conditions under which they (with impressive mechanical properties) are produced represent a biomimetic ideal. This ideal has inspired people in both academia and industry to prepare silk-mimetic polymers and proteins by chemical and/or biotechnological means. In the present paper, we aim to give an overview of the design principles of such silk-inspired polymers/proteins, their processing into various materials morphologies, their mechanical and biological properties, and, finally, their technical and biomedical applications.
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Manocchi AK, Domachuk P, Omenetto FG, Yi H. Facile fabrication of gelatin-based biopolymeric optical waveguides. Biotechnol Bioeng 2009; 103:725-32. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.22306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Lawrence BD, Cronin-Golomb M, Georgakoudi I, Kaplan DL, Omenetto FG. Bioactive silk protein biomaterial systems for optical devices. Biomacromolecules 2008; 9:1214-20. [PMID: 18370418 DOI: 10.1021/bm701235f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Silk-based biomaterial systems have been previously explored for a variety of medical and nonmedical materials needs. The unique biophysical features of silks provide options to generate highly tailored structures and morphologies with this unique family of fibrous proteins. To exploit these features, we have optimized the all aqueous processing of silk fibroin into novel surface nanopatterned protein materials. We have exploited control of this nanomorphology to optimize the optical features of these silk protein systems. We demonstrate control of surface morphology down to 125 nm, with fidelity over large length scales. This surface nanopatterning allows the silk protein to be formed into diffractive optics such as diffraction gratings, pattern generators, and lenses due to novel aqueous processing into optically clear materials via control of beta sheet crystallinity. Further, we incorporate biological components, such as hemoglobin and the enzyme peroxidase, during the process of forming the silk diffraction gratings. The ambient processing of the silk protein in water, in combination with these bioactive components, allows these entrained molecules to retain activity and provide added functions and selectivity to the optically active silk films. Thus, combinations of biochemical and optical readout is feasible and provides in a single, disposable/all degradable element with both spectral discrimination and biological function. These new surface nanopatterned, bioactive silk protein-based material systems offer a unique combination of features potentially useful for a range of biosensor needs, particularly when considered in concert with the remarkable mechanical properties of these proteins, their biocompatibility, and controllable biodegradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian D Lawrence
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Science and Technology Center, 4 Colby Street, Medford, Massachusetts 01225, USA
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Zhu Z, Ohgo K, Watanabe R, Takezawa T, Asakura T. Preparation and characterization of regeneratedBombyx mori silk fibroin fiber containing recombinant cell-adhesive proteins; Nonwoven fiber and monofilament. J Appl Polym Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/app.28460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongcheng Liu
- a Department of Macromolecular Science , Fudan University , Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Tongyin Yu
- a Department of Macromolecular Science , Fudan University , Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
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Dube S, Khumalo MT, Torto N, Nyati JA. Characterization of amino acids in silk sericin protein fromGonometa rufobrunnae by MEKC with phenyl isothiocyanate derivatization. J Sep Sci 2006; 29:1245-50. [PMID: 16833082 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200600045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
An MEKC method was developed for the separation and characterization of phenyl-isothiocyanate (PITC)-labeled amino acids derived from Gonometa rufobrunnae silkworm after microdialysis sample cleanup. The influence of the buffer and SDS concentration on the resolution of the amino acids was investigated. A buffer system consisting of 25 mM phosphate, 10 mM borate buffer at pH 9.00, and 70 mM SDS showed the best results, with 13 PITC-amino acid derivatives being resolved out of 15 possible amino acids that were under study. Microdialysis sampling demonstrated its efficiency as a sample cleanup technique. Sericin protein from G. rufobrunnae was found to be characterized by at least 11 positively identified amino acids. These included His, Tyr, Ser, Ala, Phe, Lys, Gly, Arg, Cys, Glu, and Asp. Leu/Met and Val/Thr were coeluting pairs and hence could not be positively confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simiso Dube
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National University of Science and Technology, P. O. Box AC 939, Ascot, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe.
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41
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Abstract
A new process to form fibroin spongy porous 3-D structure is reported herein. The process involves freezing and thawing fibroin aqueous solution in the presence of a small amount of an organic solvent. The process requires no freeze-drying, chemical cross-linking, or the aid of other polymeric materials. The solvent concentration, fibroin concentration, freezing temperature, and freezing duration affect the sponge formation, its porous structure, and its mechanical properties. Measurements by XRD and FTIR indicate that silk I and silk II crystalline structures exist in the fibroin sponge and that the secondary structure of fibroin is transformed to a beta-sheet from a random coil during this process. The tensile strength decreased slightly, but the fibroin sponge showed no deformation after autoclaving. Therefore, the fibroin sponge was sterilized using an autoclave. For 3 weeks, MC3T3 cells proliferated in the sterilized fibroin sponge. The fibroin sponge formed by this new process is applicable as a tissue-engineering scaffold because it is formed from biocompatible pure silk fibroin and offers both porous structure and mechanical properties that are suitable for cell growth and handling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Tamada
- National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, 1-2 Owashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8634.
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Yeo JH, Lee KG, Kweon HY, Woo SO, Han SM, Kim SS, Demura M. Fractionation of a silk fibroin hydrolysate and its protective function of hydrogen peroxide toxicity. J Appl Polym Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/app.23740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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43
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Taddei P, Monti P. Vibrational infrared conformational studies of model peptides representing the semicrystalline domains of Bombyx mori silk fibroin. Biopolymers 2005; 78:249-58. [PMID: 15800959 DOI: 10.1002/bip.20275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The structural organization of Bombyx mori silk fibroin was investigated by infrared (IR) spectroscopy. To this aim, (AG)15 and other model peptides of varying chain length, containing tyrosine (Y), valine (V), and serine (S) in the basic (AG)n sequence were synthesized by the solid phase method and their spectroscopic properties were determined. Both the position and the relative content of Y, V, and S residues in the (AG)n model system appeared critical in determining the preferred conformation, i.e., silk I, silk II, and unordered structures. Curve fitting analysis in the amide I range showed that the model peptides with prevailing silk II structure displayed different beta-sheet content, which was dependent on the degree of interruption of the (AG)n sequence. In this regard, the bands at about 1000 and 980 cm(-1), specifically assigned to the AG sequence of the B. mori silk fibroin chain, were identified as marker of the degree of interruption of the (AG)n sequence.A stable silk I structure was observed only when the Y residue was located near the chain terminus, while a silk I --> silk II conformational transition occurred when it was positioned in the central region of the peptide. Analysis of the second-derivative spectra in the amide I range allowed us to identify a band at 1639 cm(-1) (4 --> 1 hydrogen-bonded type II beta-turns), which is characteristic of the silk I conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Taddei
- Dipartimento di Biochimica G. Moruzzi, Sezione di Chimica e Propedeutica Biochimica, Centro di Studio sulla Spettroscopia Raman, Università di Bologna, Via Belmeloro 8/2, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
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MIYAGUCHI Y, HU J. Physicochemical Properties of Silk Fibroin after Solubilization Using Calcium Chloride with or without Ethanol. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2005. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.11.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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A mathematical model for glucose oxidase kinetics, including inhibitory, deactivant and diffusional effects, and their interactions. Enzyme Microb Technol 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2003.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Yao J, Nakazawa Y, Asakura T. Structures of Bombyx mori and Samia cynthia ricini Silk Fibroins Studied with Solid-State NMR. Biomacromolecules 2004; 5:680-8. [PMID: 15132647 DOI: 10.1021/bm034285u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
There are many kinds of silks spun by silkworms and spiders, which are suitable to study the structure-property relationship for molecular design of fibers with high strength and high elasticity. In this review, we mainly focus on the structural determination of two well-known silk fibroin proteins that are from the domesticated silkworm, Bombyx mori, and the wild silkworm, Samia cynthia ricini, respectively. The structures of B. mori silk fibroin before and after spinning were determined by using an appropriate model peptide, (AG)(15), with several solid-state NMR methods; (13)C two-dimensional spin-diffusion solid-state NMR and rotational echo double resonance (REDOR) NMR techniques along with the quantitative use of the conformation-dependent (13)C CP/MAS chemical shifts. The structure of S. c. ricini silk fibroin before spinning was also determined by using a model peptide, GGAGGGYGGDGG(A)(12)GGAGDGYGAG, which is a typical repeated sequence of the silk fibroin, with the solid-state NMR methods. The transition from the structure of B. mori silk fibroin before spinning to the structure after spinning was studied with molecular dynamics calculation by taking into account several external forces applied to the silk fibroin in the silkworm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juming Yao
- Department of Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
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Abstract
Silk fibroin (Bombyx mori) was sulfated using chlorosulfonic acid in pyridine. FT-IR spectra showed introduction of sulfate group by this reaction; NMR spectra indicated that sulfation occurred mainly at tyrosine and serine residues. Molecular size decreased and dispersed with sulfation. The molecular weight was estimated in around 20,000 by GPC using protein standards. Amino acid composition suggested that sulfated fibroin came from H-chain of fibroin; the crystal region of fibroin molecule remained in sulfated fibroin. The amount of sulfate groups increased with overall reaction time. The maximum amount was estimated in 1.0 mmol/g by acidimetric titration. Sulfation efficiency was calculated as 66.7%. Blood coagulation was prevented by 0.5 mg of sulfated fibroin in 1 ml of blood, while original fibroin did not show any effect. Anticoagulant activity of sulfated fibroin strongly depends on the amount of sulfate groups introduced. These results indicate that sulfate group introduction results in addition of anticoagulant function to silk fibroin. Sulfated fibroin is a new type of anticoagulant material having a protein backbone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Tamada
- National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Insect Biomaterials and Technology Department, 1-2 Owashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8634, Japan.
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Asakura T, Tanaka C, Yang M, Yao J, Kurokawa M. Production and characterization of a silk-like hybrid protein, based on the polyalanine region of Samia cynthia ricini silk fibroin and a cell adhesive region derived from fibronectin. Biomaterials 2004; 25:617-24. [PMID: 14607499 DOI: 10.1016/s0142-9612(03)00570-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
There are a variety of silkworms and silk fibroins produced by them. Silks have many inherent suitable properties for biomaterials. In this paper, a novel silk-like hybrid protein, [DGG(A)(12)GGAASTGRGDSPAAS](5), which consists of polyalanine region of silk fibroin from a wild silkworm, Samia cynthia ricini, and cell adhesive region including Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) sequence, derived from fibronectin, was designed and produced. The genes encoding the hybrid protein were constructed and expressed in Escherichia coli. The main conformation of the polyalanine region, that is, either alpha-helix or beta-sheet, could be easily controlled by treatment with different acidic solvents, trifluoroacetic acid or formic acid, respectively. This structural change was monitored with 13C CP/MAS NMR. Higher cell adhesive and growth activities of the hybrid protein compared with those of collagen were obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuo Asakura
- Department of Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan.
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Cai Z, Jiang G, Qiu Y. Chemical modification of Bombyx mori silk with epoxide EPSIB. J Appl Polym Sci 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/app.13590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Monti P, Taddei P, Freddi G, Ohgo K, Asakura T. Vibrational 13C-cross-polarization/magic angle spinning NMR spectroscopic and thermal characterization of poly(alanine-glycine) as model for silk I Bombyx mori fibroin. Biopolymers 2003; 72:329-38. [PMID: 12949823 DOI: 10.1002/bip.10408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This study focuses on the conformational characterization of poly(alanine-glycine) II (pAG II) as a model for a Bombyx mori fibroin silk I structure. Raman, IR, and 13C-cross-polarization/magic angle spinning NMR spectra of pAG II are discussed in comparison with those of the crystalline fraction of B. mori silk fibroin (chymotryptic precipitate, Cp) with a silk I (silk I-Cp) structure. The spectral data give evidence that silk I-Cp and the synthetic copolypeptide pAG II have similar conformations. Moreover, the spectral findings reveal that silk I-Cp is more crystalline than pAG II; consequently, the latter contains a larger amount of the random coil conformation. Differential scanning calorimetry measurements confirm this result. N-Deuteration experiments on pAG II allow us to attribute the Raman component at 1320 cm(-1) to the amide III mode of a beta-turn type II conformation, thus confirming the results of those who propose a repeated beta-turn type II structure for silk I. The analysis of the Raman spectra in the nuNH region confirms that the silk I structure is characterized by the presence of different types of H-bonding arrangements, in agreement with the above model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Monti
- Dipartimento di Biochimica G. Moruzzi, Sezione di Chimica e Propedeutica Biochimica, Centro di Studi Sulla Spettroscopia Raman, Università di Bologna, Via Belmeloro 8/2, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
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