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Weber MD, Sanchez Wohlever A, Scuderi C. Resetting Your Priorities in Family Medicine Post-Pandemic. Fam Pract Manag 2021; 28:38-40. [PMID: 34254764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
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2
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Sribnick EA, Weber MD, Hall MW. Innate immune suppression after traumatic brain injury and hemorrhage in a juvenile rat model of polytrauma. J Neuroimmunol 2019; 337:577073. [PMID: 31670063 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2019.577073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic injury in children is known to cause immune suppression. Polytrauma involving a traumatic brain injury (TBI) may increase this degree of immune suppression, which increases the risk of developing nosocomial infections, potentially causing secondary brain injury and worsening patient outcomes. Despite the high prevalence of polytrauma with TBI in children, mechanisms of immune suppression following such injuries remain poorly understood. Here, we used a combined animal injury model of TBI and hemorrhage to assess immune function after polytrauma. Pre-pubescent rats were injured using a prefrontal controlled cortical impact method and a controlled hemorrhage by femoral arteriotomy. Immune function was measured by whole blood ex-vivo tumor necrosis factor alpha production capacity following incubation with lipopolysaccharide, measuring the percentage of monocytes by flow cytometry, and by examining concentrations of plasma cytokines. The degree of brain injury was sufficient to produce deficits in spatial memory testing (Barnes maze). Both hemorrhage and TBI with hemorrhage (combined injury) reduced several of the measured plasma cytokines, as compared with TBI alone. The combined injury correlated with reduced concentration of monocytes and reduced tumor necrosis factor alpha production capacity at post-injury day 1. These results demonstrate that this animal model can be used to study post-injury immune suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric A Sribnick
- Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA; Center for Clinical and Translation Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Michael D Weber
- Center for Clinical and Translation Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Mark W Hall
- Center for Clinical and Translation Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.
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3
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Weber MD, McKim DB, Niraula A, Witcher KG, Yin W, Sobol CG, Wang Y, Sawicki CM, Sheridan JF, Godbout JP. The Influence of Microglial Elimination and Repopulation on Stress Sensitization Induced by Repeated Social Defeat. Biol Psychiatry 2019; 85:667-678. [PMID: 30527629 PMCID: PMC6440809 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stress is associated with an increased prevalence of anxiety and depression. Repeated social defeat (RSD) stress in mice increases the release of monocytes from the bone marrow that are recruited to the brain by microglia. These monocytes enhance inflammatory signaling and augment anxiety. Moreover, RSD promotes stress sensitization, in which exposure to acute stress 24 days after cessation of RSD causes anxiety recurrence. The purpose of this study was to determine whether microglia were critical to stress sensitization and exhibited increased reactivity to subsequent acute stress or immune challenge. METHODS Mice were exposed to RSD, microglia were eliminated by colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor antagonism (PLX5622) and allowed to repopulate, and responses to acute stress or immune challenge (lipopolysaccharide) were determined 24 days after RSD sensitization. RESULTS Microglia maintained a unique messenger RNA signature 24 days after RSD. Moreover, elimination of RSD-sensitized microglia prevented monocyte accumulation in the brain and blocked anxiety recurrence following acute stress (24 days). When microglia were eliminated prior to RSD and repopulated and mice were subjected to acute stress, there was monocyte accumulation in the brain and anxiety in RSD-sensitized mice. These responses were unaffected by microglial elimination/repopulation. This may be related to neuronal sensitization that persisted 24 days after RSD. Following immune challenge, there was robust microglial reactivity in RSD-sensitized mice associated with prolonged sickness behavior. Here, microglial elimination/repopulation prevented the amplified immune reactivity ex vivo and in vivo in RSD-sensitized mice. CONCLUSIONS Microglia and neurons remain sensitized weeks after RSD, and only the immune reactivity component of RSD-sensitized microglia was prevented by elimination/repopulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Weber
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio; Division of Biosciences, The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Daniel B McKim
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio; Division of Biosciences, The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Anzela Niraula
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio; Division of Biosciences, The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Kristina G Witcher
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Wenyuan Yin
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio; Division of Biosciences, The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Carly G Sobol
- Division of Biosciences, The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Yufen Wang
- Division of Biosciences, The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Caroline M Sawicki
- Division of Biosciences, The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, Ohio
| | - John F Sheridan
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio; Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio; Division of Biosciences, The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, Ohio.
| | - Jonathan P Godbout
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio; Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio.
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4
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Sawicki CM, Kim JK, Weber MD, Jarrett BL, Godbout JP, Sheridan JF, Humeidan M. Ropivacaine and Bupivacaine prevent increased pain sensitivity without altering neuroimmune activation following repeated social defeat stress. Brain Behav Immun 2018; 69:113-123. [PMID: 29126979 PMCID: PMC5857417 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mounting evidence indicates that stress influences the experience of pain. Exposure to psychosocial stress disrupts bi-directional communication pathways between the central nervous system and peripheral immune system, and can exacerbate the frequency and severity of pain experienced by stressed subjects. Repeated social defeat (RSD) is a murine model of psychosocial stress that recapitulates the immune and behavioral responses to stress observed in humans, including activation of stress-reactive neurocircuitry and increased pro-inflammatory cytokine production. It is unclear, however, how these stress-induced neuroimmune responses contribute to increased pain sensitivity in mice exposed to RSD. Here we used a technique of regional analgesia with local anesthetics in mice to block the development of mechanical allodynia during RSD. We next investigated the degree to which pain blockade altered stress-induced neuroimmune activation and depressive-like behavior. METHODS Following development of a mouse model of regional analgesia with discrete sensory blockade over the dorsal-caudal aspect of the spine, C57BL/6 mice were divided into experimental groups and treated with Ropivacaine (0.08%), Liposomal Bupivacaine (0.08%), or Vehicle (0.9% NaCl) prior to exposure to stress. This specific region was selected for analgesia because it is the most frequent location for aggression-associated pain due to biting during RSD. Mechanical allodynia was assessed 12 h after the first, third, and sixth day of RSD after resolution of the sensory blockade. In a separate experiment, social avoidance behavior was determined after the sixth day of RSD. Blood, bone marrow, brain, and spinal cord were collected for immunological analyses after the last day of RSD in both experiments following behavioral assessments. RESULTS RSD increased mechanical allodynia in an exposure-dependent manner that persisted for at least one week following cessation of the stressor. Mice treated with either Ropivacaine or Liposomal Bupivacaine did not develop mechanical allodynia following exposure to stress, but did develop social avoidance behavior. Neither drug affected stress-induced activation of monocytes in the bone marrow, blood, or brain. Neuroinflammatory responses developed in all treatment groups, as evidenced by elevated IL-1β mRNA levels in the brain and spinal cord after RSD. CONCLUSIONS In this study, psychosocial stress was associated with increased pain sensitivity in mice. Development of mechanical allodynia with RSD was blocked by regional analgesia with local anesthetics, Ropivacaine or Liposomal Bupivacaine. Despite blocking mechanical allodynia, these anesthetic interventions did not prevent neuroimmune activation or social avoidance associated with RSD. These data suggest that stress-induced neuroinflammatory changes are not associated with increased sensitivity to pain following RSD. Thus, blocking peripheral nociception was effective in inhibiting enhanced pain signaling without altering stress-induced immune or behavioral responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline M Sawicki
- Division of Biosciences, The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, USA
| | - January K Kim
- Division of Biosciences, The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, USA
| | - Michael D Weber
- Division of Biosciences, The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, USA
| | - Brant L Jarrett
- Division of Biosciences, The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, USA; Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, USA
| | - Jonathan P Godbout
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, USA; Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, USA
| | - John F Sheridan
- Division of Biosciences, The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, USA; Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, USA; Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, USA.
| | - Michelle Humeidan
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, USA.
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5
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Weber MD, Andrews E, Prince HA, Sykes C, Rosen EP, Bay C, Shaheen NJ, Madanick RD, Dellon ES, Paris KD, Nelson JAE, Gay CL, Kashuba ADM. Virological and immunological responses to raltegravir and dolutegravir in the gut-associated lymphoid tissue of HIV-infected men and women. Antivir Ther 2018; 23:495-504. [PMID: 29714167 PMCID: PMC7376574 DOI: 10.3851/imp3236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/08/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Raltegravir (RTG) and dolutegravir (DTG) have different pharmacokinetic patterns in the gastrointestinal tract. To determine if this results in pharmacodynamic differences, we compared HIV RNA, HIV DNA and immunological markers in gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) of HIV-infected participants receiving RTG or DTG with tenofovir+emtricitabine (TDF/FTC). METHODS GALT specimens from the terminal ileum, splenic flexure and rectum were obtained by colonoscopy at a single time point in 20 adults treated with RTG (n=10) or DTG (n=10) with HIV RNA <50 copies/ml. Flow cytometry, drug concentrations, and HIV RNA and DNA were analysed in tissue. CD4/8+ T-cells were tested for γδ TCR, and markers of T-cell activation and exhaustion. Data are reported as median (Q1-Q3). RESULTS A total of 15 men and 5 women were enrolled. There was no difference in time since HIV diagnosis for those on RTG (9.5 [4-22] years) and DTG (17 [1-24] years; P=0.6), although time on RTG (5.4 [2.3-6.7] years) was greater than DTG (1.0 [0.1-1.5] years; P<0.001). Concentrations of RTG and DTG in rectal tissue were similar to previous reports: median tissue:plasma ratio was 11.25 for RTG and 0.44 for DTG. RNA:DNA ratios were 1.14 (0.18-5.10) for the RTG group and 0.90 (0.30-18.87) for the DTG group (P=0.95). No differences (P≥0.1) between CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell markers were found. CONCLUSIONS RTG produced higher tissue exposures than DTG, but no significant differences in GALT HIV RNA, DNA or most immunological markers were observed. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02218320.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use
- CD4 Lymphocyte Count
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/pathology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/virology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/pathology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/virology
- Colon, Transverse/drug effects
- Colon, Transverse/pathology
- Colon, Transverse/virology
- DNA, Viral/antagonists & inhibitors
- DNA, Viral/genetics
- DNA, Viral/metabolism
- Emtricitabine/therapeutic use
- Female
- Gene Expression
- HIV Infections/drug therapy
- HIV Infections/genetics
- HIV Infections/immunology
- HIV Infections/virology
- HIV-1/drug effects
- HIV-1/genetics
- HIV-1/immunology
- Heterocyclic Compounds, 3-Ring/therapeutic use
- Humans
- Ileum/drug effects
- Ileum/pathology
- Ileum/virology
- Immunity, Innate/drug effects
- Lymphoid Tissue/drug effects
- Lymphoid Tissue/pathology
- Lymphoid Tissue/virology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Oxazines
- Piperazines
- Pyridones
- RNA, Viral/antagonists & inhibitors
- RNA, Viral/genetics
- RNA, Viral/metabolism
- Raltegravir Potassium/therapeutic use
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/immunology
- Rectum/drug effects
- Rectum/pathology
- Rectum/virology
- Tenofovir/therapeutic use
- Treatment Outcome
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Weber
- University of North Carolina Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Elizabeth Andrews
- University of North Carolina Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Heather A Prince
- University of North Carolina Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- University of North Carolina Department of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Craig Sykes
- University of North Carolina Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Elias P Rosen
- University of North Carolina Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Camden Bay
- University of North Carolina Department of Biostatistics, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Nicholas J Shaheen
- University of North Carolina Department of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ryan D Madanick
- University of North Carolina Department of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Evan S Dellon
- University of North Carolina Department of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kristina De Paris
- University of North Carolina Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Julie AE Nelson
- University of North Carolina Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Cynthia L Gay
- University of North Carolina Department of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Angela DM Kashuba
- University of North Carolina Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- University of North Carolina Department of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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6
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Elie M, Weber MD, Di Meo F, Sguerra F, Lohier J, Pansu RB, Renaud J, Hamel M, Linares M, Costa RD, Gaillard S. Role of the Bridging Group in Bis‐Pyridyl Ligands: Enhancing Both the Photo‐ and Electroluminescent Features of Cationic (IPr)Cu
I
Complexes. Chemistry 2017; 23:16328-16337. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201703270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Margaux Elie
- Normandie University LCMT, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS 14000 Caen France
| | - Michael D. Weber
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy University of Erlangen-Nuremberg Egerlandstr. 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Florent Di Meo
- INSERM UMR 850 Univ. Limoges, Faculty of Pharmacy 2 rue du Dr. Marcland 87025 Limoges France
| | - Fabien Sguerra
- CEA, LIST Laboratoire Capteurs et Architectures Électroniques 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex France
| | | | - Robert B. Pansu
- PPSM, CNRS, UMR8531 & Inst. d'Alembert FR3242, ENS Cachan Paris Saclay University France
| | - Jean‐Luc Renaud
- Normandie University LCMT, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS 14000 Caen France
| | - Matthieu Hamel
- CEA, LIST Laboratoire Capteurs et Architectures Électroniques 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex France
| | - Mathieu Linares
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, School of Biotechnology KTH Royal Institute of Technology 106 91 Stockholm Sweden
- Swedish e-Science Research Centre KTH Royal Institute of Technology 104 50 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Rubén D. Costa
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy University of Erlangen-Nuremberg Egerlandstr. 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
- IMDEA Materials C/ Eric Kandel 2, Tecnogetafe 28906 Getafe, Madrid Spain
| | - Sylvain Gaillard
- Normandie University LCMT, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS 14000 Caen France
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7
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Weber MD, Godbout JP, Sheridan JF. Repeated Social Defeat, Neuroinflammation, and Behavior: Monocytes Carry the Signal. Neuropsychopharmacology 2017; 42:46-61. [PMID: 27319971 PMCID: PMC5143478 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2016.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mounting evidence indicates that proinflammatory signaling in the brain affects mood, cognition, and behavior and is linked with the etiology of psychiatric disorders, including anxiety and depression. The purpose of this review is to focus on stress-induced bidirectional communication pathways between the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral immune system that converge to promote a heightened neuroinflammatory environment. These communication pathways involve sympathetic outflow from the brain to the peripheral immune system that biases hematopoietic stem cells to differentiate into a glucocorticoid-resistant and primed myeloid lineage immune cell. In conjunction, microglia-dependent neuroinflammatory events promote myeloid cell trafficking to the brain that reinforces stress-related behavior, and is argued to play a role in stress-related psychiatric disorders. We will discuss evidence implicating a key role for endothelial cells that comprise the blood-brain barrier in propagating peripheral-to-central immune communication. We will also discuss novel neuron-to-glia communication pathways involving endogenous danger signals that have recently been argued to facilitate neuroinflammation under various conditions, including stress. These findings help elucidate the complex communication that occurs in response to stress and highlight novel therapeutic targets against the development of stress-related psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Weber
- Division of Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA,Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA,Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA,Division of Biosciences, The Ohio State University, 223 IBMR Building, 305 W 12th Avenue, 460 Medical Center Drive, Columbus, OH 43210, USA, Tel: 614-293-3392, Fax: 614-292-6087, E-mail:
| | - Jonathan P Godbout
- Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA,Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA,Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - John F Sheridan
- Division of Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA,Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA,Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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8
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Weber MD, Viciano-Chumillas M, Armentano D, Cano J, Costa RD. σ-Hammett parameter: a strategy to enhance both photo- and electro-luminescence features of heteroleptic copper(i) complexes. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:6312-6323. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt00810d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hammett was also right for devices. This work directly links the enhancement of both the photoluminescence properties in solid-state and the electroluminescence features in light-emitting electrochemical cells (LECs) with a rational ligand design using the σ-Hammett parameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D. Weber
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy
- University of Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU)
- D-91058 Erlangen
- Germany
| | | | - Donatella Armentano
- Dipartamento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche (CTC)
- Università della Calabria
- 87030 Rende
- Italy
| | - Joan Cano
- Institut de Ciència Molecular (ICMol)
- Universitat de València
- 46980 Paterna
- Spain
- Fundació General de la Universitat de València (FGUV)
| | - Rubén D. Costa
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy
- University of Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU)
- D-91058 Erlangen
- Germany
- IMDEA Materials Institute Eric Kandel 2
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9
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Frank MG, Weber MD, Fonken LK, Hershman SA, Watkins LR, Maier SF. The redox state of the alarmin HMGB1 is a pivotal factor in neuroinflammatory and microglial priming: A role for the NLRP3 inflammasome. Brain Behav Immun 2016; 55:215-224. [PMID: 26482581 PMCID: PMC4837097 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2015.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The alarmin high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) has been implicated as a key factor mediating neuroinflammatory processes. Recent findings suggest that the redox state of HMGB1 is a critical molecular feature of HMGB1 such that the reduced form (fr-HMGB1) is chemotactic, while the disulfide form (ds-HMGB1) is pro-inflammatory. The present study examined the neuroinflammatory effects of these molecular forms as well as the ability of these forms to prime the neuroinflammatory and microglial response to an immune challenge. To examine the neuroinflammatory effects of these molecular forms in vivo, animals were administered intra-cisterna magna (ICM) a single dose of fr-HMGB1 (10μg), ds-HMGB1 (10μg) or vehicle and basal pro-inflammatory effects were measured 2 and 24h post-injection in hippocampus. Results of this initial experiment demonstrated that ds-HMGB1 increased hippocampal pro-inflammatory mediators at 2h (NF-κBIα mRNA, NLRP3 mRNA and IL-1β protein) and 24h (NF-κBIα mRNA, TNFα mRNA, and NLRP3 protein) after injection. fr-HMGB1 had no effect on these mediators. These neuroinflammatory effects of ds-HMGB1 suggested that ds-HMGB1 may function to prime the neuroinflammatory response to a subsequent immune challenge. To assess the neuroinflammatory priming effects of these molecular forms, animals were administered ICM a single dose of fr-HMGB1 (10μg), ds-HMGB1 (10μg) or vehicle and 24h after injection, animals were challenged with LPS (10μg/kg IP) or vehicle. Neuroinflammatory mediators and the sickness response (3, 8 and 24h after injection) were measured 2h after immune challenge. We found that ds-HMGB1 potentiated the neuroinflammatory (NF-κBIα mRNA, TNFα mRNA, IL-1β mRNA, IL-6 mRNA, NLRP3 mRNA and IL-1β protein) and sickness response (reduced social exploration) to LPS challenge. fr-HMGB1 failed to potentiate the neuroinflammatory response to LPS. To examine whether these molecular forms of HMGB1 directly induce neuroinflammatory effects in isolated microglia, whole brain microglia were isolated and treated with fr-HMGB1 (0, 1, 10, 100, or 1000ng/ml) or ds-HMGB1 (0, 1, 10, 100, or 1000ng/ml) for 4h and pro-inflammatory mediators measured. To assess the effects of these molecular forms on microglia priming, whole brain microglia were pre-exposed to these forms of HMGB1 (0, 1, 10, 100, or 1000ng/ml) and subsequently challenged with LPS (10ng/ml). We found that ds-HMGB1 increased expression of NF-κBIα mRNA and NLRP3 mRNA in isolated microglia, and potentiated the microglial pro-inflammatory response (TNFα mRNA, IL-1β mRNA and IL-1β protein) to LPS. fr-HMGB1 failed to potentiate the microglial pro-inflammatory response to LPS. Consistent with prior reports, the present findings demonstrate that the disulfide form of HMGB1 not only potentiates the neuroinflammatory response to a subsequent immune challenge in vivo, but also potentiates the sickness response to that challenge. Moreover, the present findings demonstrate for the first time that ds-HMGB1 directly potentiates the microglia pro-inflammatory response to an immune challenge, a finding that parallels the effects of ds-HMGB1 in vivo. In addition, ds-HMGB1 induced expression of NLRP3 and NF-κBIα in vivo and in vitro suggesting that the NLRP3 inflammasome may play role in the priming effects of ds-HMGB1. Taken together, the present results suggest that the redox state of HMGB1 is a critical determinant of the priming properties of HMGB1 such that the disulfide form of HMGB1 induces a primed immunophenotype in the CNS, which may result in an exacerbated neuroinflammatory response upon exposure to a subsequent pro-inflammatory stimulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G. Frank
- Corresponding Author: Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Center for Neuroscience, Campus Box 345, University of Colorado Boulder Boulder, CO, 80309-0345, USA, Tel: +1-303-919-8116, Fax: +1-303-492-2967,
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10
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Elie M, Sguerra F, Di Meo F, Weber MD, Marion R, Grimault A, Lohier JF, Stallivieri A, Brosseau A, Pansu RB, Renaud JL, Linares M, Hamel M, Costa RD, Gaillard S. Designing NHC-Copper(I) Dipyridylamine Complexes for Blue Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cells. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2016; 8:14678-91. [PMID: 27224961 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b04647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
This study presents the influence of various substituents on the photophysical features of heteroleptic copper(I) complexes bearing both N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) and dipyridylamine (dpa = dipyridylamine skeleton corresponding to ligand L1) ligands. The luminescent properties have been compared to our recently reported archetypal blue emitting [Cu(IPr)(dpa)][PF6] complex. The choice of the substituents on both ligands has been guided to explore the effect of the electron donor/acceptor and "push-pull" on the emission wavelengths and photoluminescence quantum yields. A selection of the best candidates in terms of their photophysical features were applied for developing the first blue light-emitting electrochemical cells (LECs) based on copper(I) complexes. The device analysis suggests that the main concern is the moderate redox stability of the complexes under high applied driving currents, leading to devices with moderate stabilities pointing to a proof-of-concept for further development. Nevertheless, under low applied driving currents the blue emission is stable, showing performance levels competitive to those reported for blue LECs based on iridium(III) complexes. Overall, this work provides valuable guidelines to tackle the design of enhanced NHC copper complexes for lighting applications in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaux Elie
- Normandie Université , LCMT, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, 14000-Normandie, France
| | - Fabien Sguerra
- CEA, LIST , Laboratoire Capteurs et Architectures Électroniques, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Florent Di Meo
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University , SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Michael D Weber
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg , Egerlandstrasse 3, DE-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ronan Marion
- Normandie Université , LCMT, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, 14000-Normandie, France
| | - Adèle Grimault
- Normandie Université , LCMT, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, 14000-Normandie, France
| | | | - Aurélie Stallivieri
- Normandie Université , LCMT, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, 14000-Normandie, France
| | - Arnaud Brosseau
- PPSM, CNRS, UMR8531 & Institut d'Alembert FR3242, ENS Cachan, Paris Saclay University , 91190 Saint-Aubin, France
| | - Robert B Pansu
- PPSM, CNRS, UMR8531 & Institut d'Alembert FR3242, ENS Cachan, Paris Saclay University , 91190 Saint-Aubin, France
| | - Jean-Luc Renaud
- Normandie Université , LCMT, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, 14000-Normandie, France
| | - Mathieu Linares
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University , SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
- Swedish e-Science Research Centre (SeRC), Linköping University , SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Matthieu Hamel
- CEA, LIST , Laboratoire Capteurs et Architectures Électroniques, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Rubén D Costa
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg , Egerlandstrasse 3, DE-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sylvain Gaillard
- Normandie Université , LCMT, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, 14000-Normandie, France
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11
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Baratta MV, Kodandaramaiah SB, Monahan PE, Yao J, Weber MD, Lin PA, Gisabella B, Petrossian N, Amat J, Kim K, Yang A, Forest CR, Boyden ES, Goosens KA. Stress Enables Reinforcement-Elicited Serotonergic Consolidation of Fear Memory. Biol Psychiatry 2016; 79:814-822. [PMID: 26248536 PMCID: PMC4698247 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prior exposure to stress is a risk factor for developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in response to trauma, yet the mechanisms by which this occurs are unclear. Using a rodent model of stress-based susceptibility to PTSD, we investigated the role of serotonin in this phenomenon. METHODS Adult mice were exposed to repeated immobilization stress or handling, and the role of serotonin in subsequent fear learning was assessed using pharmacologic manipulation and western blot detection of serotonin receptors, measurements of serotonin, high-speed optogenetic silencing, and behavior. RESULTS Both dorsal raphe serotonergic activity during aversive reinforcement and amygdala serotonin 2C receptor (5-HT2CR) activity during memory consolidation were necessary for stress enhancement of fear memory, but neither process affected fear memory in unstressed mice. Additionally, prior stress increased amygdala sensitivity to serotonin by promoting surface expression of 5-HT2CR without affecting tissue levels of serotonin in the amygdala. We also showed that the serotonin that drives stress enhancement of associative cued fear memory can arise from paired or unpaired footshock, an effect not predicted by theoretical models of associative learning. CONCLUSIONS Stress bolsters the consequences of aversive reinforcement, not by simply enhancing the neurobiological signals used to encode fear in unstressed animals, but rather by engaging distinct mechanistic pathways. These results reveal that predictions from classical associative learning models do not always hold for stressed animals and suggest that 5-HT2CR blockade may represent a promising therapeutic target for psychiatric disorders characterized by excessive fear responses such as that observed in PTSD.
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MESH Headings
- Amygdala/drug effects
- Amygdala/metabolism
- Animals
- Association Learning/drug effects
- Association Learning/physiology
- Conditioning, Psychological/drug effects
- Conditioning, Psychological/physiology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Dorsal Raphe Nucleus/metabolism
- Electroshock
- Fear/drug effects
- Fear/physiology
- Male
- Memory Consolidation/drug effects
- Memory Consolidation/physiology
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Models, Neurological
- Models, Psychological
- Neurons/drug effects
- Neurons/metabolism
- Optogenetics
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2C/metabolism
- Restraint, Physical
- Serotonin/metabolism
- Serotonin 5-HT2 Receptor Antagonists/pharmacology
- Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins/genetics
- Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins/metabolism
- Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/metabolism
- Stress, Psychological/physiopathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael V Baratta
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts; MIT Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Suhasa B Kodandaramaiah
- MIT Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts; The George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering (SBK, CRF), Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Patrick E Monahan
- MIT Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Junmei Yao
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Michael D Weber
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Pei-Ann Lin
- MIT Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Barbara Gisabella
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Natalie Petrossian
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Jose Amat
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Kyungman Kim
- MIT Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Aimei Yang
- MIT Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Craig R Forest
- The George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering (SBK, CRF), Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Edward S Boyden
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts; MIT Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Ki A Goosens
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
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12
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Fonken LK, Weber MD, Daut RA, Kitt MM, Frank MG, Watkins LR, Maier SF. Stress-induced neuroinflammatory priming is time of day dependent. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2016; 66:82-90. [PMID: 26799851 PMCID: PMC4788538 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2016.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are endogenous cycles of physiology and behavior that align with the daily rotation of the planet and resulting light-dark cycle. The circadian system ensures homeostatic balance and regulates many aspects of physiology, including the stress response and susceptibility to and/or severity of stress-related sequelae. Both acute and chronic stressors amplify neuroinflammatory responses to a subsequent immune challenge, however it is not known whether circadian timing of the stressor regulates the priming response. Here, we test whether stress-induced neuroinflammatory priming is regulated by the circadian system. As has been previously shown, exposure to 100 inescapable tails shocks (IS) increased hippocampal cytokines following a subsequent inflammatory challenge. However, this effect was limited to animals that experienced the stressor during the light phase. Rats exposed to stress during the dark phase did not alter inflammatory potential following lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. To determine whether microglia might be involved in diurnal differences in neuroinflammatory priming, microglia were isolated 24h after stress that occurred either during the middle of the light or dark phase. Only microglia isolated from animals stressed during the light phase demonstrated an exaggerated inflammatory response when treated ex vivo with LPS. To determine possible circadian dependency of microglia responsiveness to glucocorticoids - the likely proximal mediator for stress associated neuroinflammatory priming - microglia were isolated during the middle of the light or dark phase and treated ex vivo with corticosterone. Glucocorticoids treatment downregulated CX3CR1 and CD200R, two genes involved in microglial inflammatory "off" signaling; however, there was no effect of time of day on expression of either gene. Importantly, while absolute concentrations of corticosterone were comparable following IS during the light and dark phase, the magnitude of change in corticosterone was greater during the light phase. This work highlights the importance of studying circadian rhythms to elucidate biological mechanisms of stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura K. Fonken
- To whom correspondence should be addressed: Laura K. Fonken, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Muenzinger Psychology D244, 1905, Colorado Ave., Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
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13
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Fernández-Cestau J, Giménez N, Lalinde E, Montaño P, Moreno MT, Sánchez S, Weber MD, Costa RD. Alkynyl bridged cyclometalated Ir2M2 clusters: impact of the heterometal in the photo- and electro-luminescence properties. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:3251-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c5dt04027b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The distinct photo- and electro-luminescence properties of clusters [Ir2M2(ppy)4(μ-CCC6H4-OMe3)4] (M = Ag, Cu) provide an example of the role of the CCR groups in modulating metallophillic bonding in the T1 state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Fernández-Cestau
- Departamento de Química – Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química. Universidad de La Rioja
- Logroño
- Spain
| | - Nora Giménez
- Departamento de Química – Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química. Universidad de La Rioja
- Logroño
- Spain
| | - Elena Lalinde
- Departamento de Química – Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química. Universidad de La Rioja
- Logroño
- Spain
| | - Patricia Montaño
- Departamento de Química – Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química. Universidad de La Rioja
- Logroño
- Spain
| | - M. Teresa Moreno
- Departamento de Química – Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química. Universidad de La Rioja
- Logroño
- Spain
| | - Sergio Sánchez
- School of Chemistry
- University of Manchester
- Manchester M13 9PL
- UK
| | - Michael D. Weber
- Department of Physical and Chemistry I
- Excellence Cluster of Engineering of Advanced Materials (EAM)
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
- Erlangen
- Germany
| | - Rubén D. Costa
- Department of Physical and Chemistry I
- Excellence Cluster of Engineering of Advanced Materials (EAM)
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
- Erlangen
- Germany
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14
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Weber MD, Garino C, Volpi G, Casamassa E, Milanesio M, Barolo C, Costa RD. Origin of a counterintuitive yellow light-emitting electrochemical cell based on a blue-emitting heteroleptic copper(i) complex. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:8984-93. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt00970k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A new copper(i) complex, which lacks of charge transfer character in the excited state, features a blue fluorescence and yellow phosphorescence photo- and electro-responses, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D. Weber
- Department of Physical Chemistry 1
- University of Erlangen-Nürnberg
- 91058 Erlangen
- Germany
| | - Claudio Garino
- Department of Chemistry and NIS Interdepartmental Centre
- University of Torino
- 10125 Torino
- Italy
| | - Giorgio Volpi
- Department of Chemistry and NIS Interdepartmental Centre
- University of Torino
- 10125 Torino
- Italy
| | - Enrico Casamassa
- Department of Chemistry and NIS Interdepartmental Centre
- University of Torino
- 10125 Torino
- Italy
| | - Marco Milanesio
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione and CrisDi Interdepartmental Center for Crystallography
- Università del Piemonte Orientale Tecnologica
- 15121 Alessandria
- Italy
| | - Claudia Barolo
- Department of Chemistry and NIS Interdepartmental Centre
- University of Torino
- 10125 Torino
- Italy
| | - Rubén D. Costa
- Department of Physical Chemistry 1
- University of Erlangen-Nürnberg
- 91058 Erlangen
- Germany
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15
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Weber KT, Karikis K, Weber MD, Coto PB, Charisiadis A, Charitaki D, Charalambidis G, Angaridis P, Coutsolelos AG, Costa RD. Cunning metal core: efficiency/stability dilemma in metallated porphyrin based light-emitting electrochemical cells. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:13284-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt02293f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The syntheses, the photophysical/electrochemical characterization, and the first application in LECs of different metallated porphyrins are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina T. Weber
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy
- University of Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstr. 3
- Erlangen
- Germany
| | - Kostas Karikis
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Crete
- Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry
- 70013 Heraklion
- Greece
| | - Michael D. Weber
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy
- University of Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstr. 3
- Erlangen
- Germany
| | - Pedro B. Coto
- Chair of Solid State Theory
- Physics Department
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
- 91058 Erlangen
- Germany
| | - Asterios Charisiadis
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Crete
- Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry
- 70013 Heraklion
- Greece
| | - Despina Charitaki
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Crete
- Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry
- 70013 Heraklion
- Greece
| | - Georgios Charalambidis
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Crete
- Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry
- 70013 Heraklion
- Greece
| | - Panagiotis Angaridis
- Department of Chemistry
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
- 54124 Thessaloniki
- Greece
| | | | - Rubén D. Costa
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy
- University of Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstr. 3
- Erlangen
- Germany
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16
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Frank MG, Weber MD, Watkins LR, Maier SF. Stress-induced neuroinflammatory priming: A liability factor in the etiology of psychiatric disorders. Neurobiol Stress 2015; 4:62-70. [PMID: 27981190 PMCID: PMC5146200 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2015.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress and glucocorticoids (GCs) have universally been considered to be anti-inflammatory, however in recent years, stress and GCs have been found to exert permissive effects (immunological priming) on neuroinflammatory processes. This phenomenon of priming is characterized by prior stress or GC exposure potentiating the neuroinflammatory response to a subsequent immune challenge. A considerable body of evidence is discussed here that supports this permissive effect of stress and GCs. In light of this evidence, a mechanism of neuroinflammatory priming is proposed involving a signal cascade in the brain involving danger-associated molecular patterns (HMGB-1) and inflammasomes (NLRP3), which results in an exaggerated or amplified neuroinflammatory response and subsequently, the amplification of the physiological and behavioral sequelae of this response (i.e. sickness). Finally, we explore the notion that stressor-induced sensitization of the neuroimmune microenvironment may predispose individuals to psychiatric disorders, in which exaggerated innate immune/inflammatory responses in the brain are now thought to play a key role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G Frank
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Michael D Weber
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Linda R Watkins
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Steven F Maier
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
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17
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Weber MD, Niklaus L, Pröschel M, Coto PB, Sonnewald U, Costa RD. Bioinspired Hybrid White Light-Emitting Diodes. Adv Mater 2015; 27:5493-8. [PMID: 26271025 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201502349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2015] [Revised: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The first bioinspired hybrid white-light-emitting diodes (bio-HLEDs) featuring protein cascade coatings are presented. For easy fabrication a new strategy to stabilize proteins in rubber-like material was developed. The synergy between the excellent features of fluorescent proteins and the easily processed rubber produces bio-HLEDs with less than 10% loss in luminous efficiency over 100 hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Weber
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Egerlandstr. 3, D-91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lukas Niklaus
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Egerlandstr. 3, D-91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Marlene Pröschel
- Department of Biology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Staudtstr. 5, D-91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Pedro B Coto
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Staudtstr. 7/B2, D-91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Uwe Sonnewald
- Department of Biology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Staudtstr. 5, D-91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rubén D Costa
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Egerlandstr. 3, D-91058, Erlangen, Germany
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18
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Frank MG, Weber MD, Watkins LR, Maier SF. Stress sounds the alarmin: The role of the danger-associated molecular pattern HMGB1 in stress-induced neuroinflammatory priming. Brain Behav Immun 2015; 48:1-7. [PMID: 25816800 PMCID: PMC4508196 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2015.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
High mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) is an endogenous danger signal or alarmin that mediates activation of the innate immune response including chemotaxis and pro-inflammatory cytokine release. HMGB1 has been implicated in the pathophysiology of several neuroinflammatory conditions including ischemia, traumatic brain injury, seizure and chronic ethanol use. In the present review, the unique structural and functional properties of HMGB1 will be explored including its affinity for multiple pattern recognition receptors (TLR2/TLR4), redox sensitivity and adjuvant-like properties. In light of recent evidence suggesting that HMGB1 may also mediate stress-induced sensitization of neuroinflammatory responses, mechanisms of HMGB1 action in neuroinflammatory priming are explored. A model of neuroinflammatory priming is developed wherein glucocorticoids induce synthesis and release of HMGB1 from microglia, which signals through TLR2/TLR4, thereby priming the NLRP3 inflammasome. We propose that if GCs reach a critical threshold as during a fight/flight response, they may thus function as an alarmin by inducing HMGB1, thereby preparing an organism's innate immune system (NLRP3 inflammasome priming) for subsequent immune challenges such as injury, trauma or infection, which are more likely to occur during a fight/flight response. In doing so, GCs may confer a significant survival advantage by enhancing the central innate immune and sickness response to immune challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G. Frank
- Corresponding Author: Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Center for Neuroscience, Campus Box 345, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309-0345, USA, Tel: +1-303-919-8116, Fax: +1-303-492-2967,
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19
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Sobesky JL, Barrientos RM, De May HS, Thompson BM, Weber MD, Watkins LR, Maier SF. High-fat diet consumption disrupts memory and primes elevations in hippocampal IL-1β, an effect that can be prevented with dietary reversal or IL-1 receptor antagonism. Brain Behav Immun 2014; 42:22-32. [PMID: 24998196 PMCID: PMC5652296 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2014.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Revised: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
High-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity is reaching worldwide proportions. In addition to causing obesity, HFDs also induce a variety of health disorders, which includes cognitive decline. Hippocampal function may be particularly vulnerable to the negative consequences of HFD, and it is suspected that 'primed' neuroinflammatory processes may mediate this response. To examine the link between diet, hippocampal function and neuroinflammation, male Wistar rats were fed a medium or HFD. Hippocampal memory function was measured using contextual pre-exposure fear conditioning (CPE-FC). Rats fed a HFD demonstrated impaired memory, an effect that was augmented with longer duration of HFD consumption. HFD-induced memory impairments were linked to potentiated levels of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) protein in the hippocampus 2h after the foot-shock that occurs during CPE-FC. Central IL-1 receptor antagonism, with intracisterna magna (ICM) administration of hIL-1RA prior to the foot-shock prevented the diet-induced memory disruption, suggesting a critical role for IL-1β in this phenomenon. Additionally, obese animals whose diet regimen was reversed from HFD back to standard chow recovered memory function and did not demonstrate a foot-shock-induced hippocampal IL-1β increase. Interestingly, dietary reversal neutralized the negative impact of HFD on memory and IL-1β, yet animals maintained physiological evidence of obesity (increased body mass and serum leptin), indicating that dietary components, not body mass, may mediate the negative effects on memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia L. Sobesky
- Corresponding author. Address: Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Campus Box 345, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA. Tel: +1 616 403 5401. (J.L. Sobesky)
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20
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Frank MG, Hershman SA, Weber MD, Watkins LR, Maier SF. Chronic exposure to exogenous glucocorticoids primes microglia to pro-inflammatory stimuli and induces NLRP3 mRNA in the hippocampus. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2014; 40:191-200. [PMID: 24485491 PMCID: PMC3912460 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2013.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Revised: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Chronic stress as well as chronic treatment with glucocorticoids (GCs) primes the neuroinflammatory response to a subsequent pro-inflammatory challenge. However, it remains unclear whether chronic GCs sensitize the response of key CNS immune substrates (i.e. microglia) to pro-inflammatory stimuli. In the present set of studies, male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent sham surgery or were adrenalectomized and then treated with varying concentrations of corticosterone (CORT; 0, 25, 50, and 75 μg/ml) administered in their drinking water. After 10 days of CORT exposure, whole hippocampus was collected and expression of glial activation markers measured or hippocampal microglia were isolated and challenged with LPS to probe for CORT-induced sensitization of pro-inflammatory responses. Chronic CORT exposure increased the gene expression of NLRP3, Iba-1, MHCII, and NF-κBIα in a concentration dependent manner. Chronic CORT (75 μg/ml) exposure potentiated the microglial proinflammatory response (TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6 and NLRP3) to LPS compared to the microglial response of sham surgery animals treated with vehicle. The present set of results demonstrate that chronic exposure to GCs primes microglia to pro-inflammatory stimuli and add to a growing body of evidence suggesting that a permissive function of GCs is that of an endogenous danger signal or alarmin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G. Frank
- Corresponding Author: Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Center for Neuroscience, Campus Box 345, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309-0345, USA, Tel: +1-303-919-8116, Fax: +1-303-492-2967,
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21
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Weber MD, Frank MG, Sobesky JL, Watkins LR, Maier SF. Blocking toll-like receptor 2 and 4 signaling during a stressor prevents stress-induced priming of neuroinflammatory responses to a subsequent immune challenge. Brain Behav Immun 2013; 32:112-21. [PMID: 23500798 PMCID: PMC3810175 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2013.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Revised: 02/26/2013] [Accepted: 03/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute and chronic stressors sensitize or prime the neuroinflammatory response to a subsequent peripheral or central immunologic challenge. However, the neuroimmune process(es) by which stressors prime or sensitize subsequent neuroinflammatory responses remains unclear. Prior evidence suggested that toll-like receptors (TLRs) might be involved in the mediation of primed neuroinflammatory responses, but the role of TLRs during a stressor has never been directly tested. Here, a novel TLR2 and TLR4 antagonist, OxPAPC, was used to probe the contribution of TLRs in the stress sensitization phenomenon. OxPAPC has not previously been administered to the brain, and so its action in blocking TLR2 and TLR4 action in brain was first verified. Administration of OxPAPC into the CNS prior to stress prevented the stress-induced potentiation of hippocampal pro-inflammatory response to a subsequent peripheral LPS challenge occurring 24 h later. In addition, in vivo administration of OxPAPC prior to stress prevented the sensitized pro-inflammatory response from isolated microglia following administration of LPS ex vivo, further implicating microglia as a key neuroimmune substrate that mediates stress-induced sensitized neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D. Weber
- Corresponding Author: Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309-0345, USA. Phone number: 614-937-2613. Fax number: 303-492-2967,
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Jones-Davis DM, Yang M, Rider E, Osbun NC, da Gente GJ, Li J, Katz AM, Weber MD, Sen S, Crawley J, Sherr EH. Quantitative trait loci for interhemispheric commissure development and social behaviors in the BTBR T⁺ tf/J mouse model of autism. PLoS One 2013; 8:e61829. [PMID: 23613947 PMCID: PMC3626795 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2012] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Autism and Agenesis of the Corpus Callosum (AgCC) are interrelated behavioral and anatomic phenotypes whose genetic etiologies are incompletely understood. We used the BTBR T+tf/J (BTBR) strain, exhibiting fully penetrant AgCC, a diminished hippocampal commissure, and abnormal behaviors that may have face validity to autism, to study the genetic basis of these disorders. Methods We generated 410 progeny from an F2 intercross between the BTBR and C57BL/6J strains. The progeny were phenotyped for social behaviors (as juveniles and adults) and commisural morphology, and genotyped using 458 markers. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) were identified using genome scans; significant loci were fine-mapped, and the BTBR genome was sequenced and analyzed to identify candidate genes. Results Six QTL meeting genome-wide significance for three autism-relevant behaviors in BTBR were identified on chromosomes 1, 3, 9, 10, 12, and X. Four novel QTL for commissural morphology on chromosomes 4, 6, and 12 were also identified. We identified a highly significant QTL (LOD score = 20.2) for callosal morphology on the distal end of chromosome 4. Conclusions We identified several QTL and candidate genes for both autism-relevant traits and commissural morphology in the BTBR mouse. Twenty-nine candidate genes were associated with synaptic activity, axon guidance, and neural development. This is consistent with a role for these processes in modulating white matter tract development and aspects of autism-relevant behaviors in the BTBR mouse. Our findings reveal candidate genes in a mouse model that will inform future human and preclinical studies of autism and AgCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothy M. Jones-Davis
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Mu Yang
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Eric Rider
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Nathan C. Osbun
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Gilberto J. da Gente
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Jiang Li
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Adam M. Katz
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Michael D. Weber
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Saunak Sen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Jacqueline Crawley
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Elliott H. Sherr
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Frank MG, Barrientos RM, Thompson BM, Weber MD, Watkins LR, Maier SF. IL-1RA injected intra-cisterna magna confers extended prophylaxis against lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroinflammatory and sickness responses. J Neuroimmunol 2012; 252:33-9. [PMID: 22871632 PMCID: PMC5652306 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2012.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2012] [Revised: 06/13/2012] [Accepted: 07/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
IL-1RA has been used intra-cerebrally to ameliorate neuroinflammatory responses. The present study explored the possibility that the bioactivity of IL-1RA administered intra-cerebrally may be prolonged in the CNS. hIL-1RA was detected in hippocampus from 2h to 14d post-ICM treatment. hIL-1RA ameliorated both the hippocampal cytokine (TNFα and NFκBIα) and sickness response to peripheral LPS administered 4d after hIL-1RA. Four days post treatment, hIL-1RA reduced the basal expression of IL-1R1, Iba-1, MHCII, and TLR4 and blunted the microglial IL-1β and IL-6 response to LPS ex vivo. IL-1RA might be administered prophylactically to prevent the neuroinflammatory effects of trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G Frank
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0345, USA.
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24
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Abstract
Silk films are promising protein-based biomaterials that can be fabricated with high fidelity and economically within a research laboratory environment 1,2 . These materials are desirable because they possess highly controllable dimensional and material characteristics, are biocompatible and promote cell adhesion, can be modified through topographic patterning or by chemically altering the surface, and can be used as a depot for biologically active molecules for drug delivery related applications 3-8 . In addition, silk films are relatively straightforward to custom design, can be designed to dissolve within minutes or degrade over years in vitro or in vivo, and are produce with the added benefit of being transparent in nature and therefore highly suitable for imaging applications 9-13. The culture system methodology presented here represents a scalable approach for rapid assessments of cell-silk film surface interactions. Of particular interest is the use of surface patterned silk films to study differences in cell proliferation and responses of cells for alignment 12,14 . The seeded cultures were cultured on both micro-patterned and flat silk film substrates, and then assessed through time-lapse phase-contrast imaging, scanning electron microscopy, and biochemical assessment of metabolic activity and nucleic acid content. In summary, the silk film in vitro culture system offers a customizable experimental setup suitable to the study of cell-surface interactions on a biomaterial substrate, which can then be optimized and then translated to in vivo models. Observations using the culture system presented here are currently being used to aid in applications ranging from basic cell interactions to medical device design, and thus are relevant to a broad range of biomedical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian D Lawrence
- Margaret M. Dyson Vision Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, USA
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Yang M, Abrams DN, Zhang JY, Weber MD, Katz AM, Clarke AM, Silverman JL, Crawley JN. Low sociability in BTBR T+tf/J mice is independent of partner strain. Physiol Behav 2012; 107:649-62. [PMID: 22245067 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2011.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2011] [Revised: 12/14/2011] [Accepted: 12/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Inbred mouse strains differ greatly in social behaviors, making them a valuable resource to study genetic and non-genetic mechanisms underlying social deficits relevant to autism spectrum disorders. A hallmark symptom of autism is a lack of ability to understand other people's thoughts and intentions, which leads to impairments in adjusting behaviors in response to ever-changing social situations in daily life. We compared the ability of BTBR T+tf/J (BTBR), a strain with low sociability, and C57BL/6J (B6), a strain with high sociability, for their abilities to modulate responses to social cues from different partners in the reciprocal social interaction test. Results indicate that BTBR exhibited low sociability toward different partners and displayed minimal ability to modify behaviors toward different partners. In contrast, B6 showed high sociability toward different partners and was able to modify social behaviors toward different partners. Consistent results were found in two independent cohorts of different ages, and in both sexes. In the three-chambered test, high sociability in B6 and low sociability in BTBR were independent of strain of the novel mouse. Since social deficits in BTBR could potentially be caused by physical disabilities in detecting social olfactory cues, or in cognitive abilities, we tested BTBR and B6 mice on measures of olfaction and cognition. BTBR mice displayed more sniffing of social odors emitted by soiled bedding than of an odorless novel object, but failed to show a preference for a live novel mouse over a novel object. On olfactory habituation/dishabituation to a sequence of odors, BTBR displayed discrimination abilities across three non-social and two social odors. However, as compared to B6, BTBR displayed less sniff time for both non-social and social odors, and no significant dishabituation between cage odors from two different novel mouse strains, findings that will be important to investigate further. BTBR was generally normal in spatial acquisition on the Morris water maze test, but showed deficits in reversal learning. Time spent freezing on contextual and cued fear conditioning was lower in BTBR than in B6. Our findings suggest that BTBR has poor abilities to modulate its responses to different social partners, which may be analogous to social cognition deficits in autism, adding to the value of this strain as a mouse model of autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu Yang
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-3730, USA.
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Workman JL, Weber MD, Nelson RJ. Dietary arginine depletion reduces depressive-like responses in male, but not female, mice. Behav Brain Res 2011; 223:81-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2011.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2010] [Revised: 04/06/2011] [Accepted: 04/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Yang M, Perry K, Weber MD, Katz AM, Crawley JN. Social peers rescue autism-relevant sociability deficits in adolescent mice. Autism Res 2010; 4:17-27. [PMID: 20928844 DOI: 10.1002/aur.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2010] [Accepted: 08/13/2010] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Behavioral therapies are currently the most effective interventions for treating the diagnostic symptoms of autism. We employed a mouse model of autism to evaluate components of behavioral interventions that improve sociability in mice. BTBR T+tf/J (BTBR) is an inbred mouse strain that exhibits prominent behavioral phenotypes with face validity to all three diagnostic symptom categories of autism, including robust and well-replicated deficits in social approach and reciprocal social interactions. To investigate the role of peer interactions in the development of sociability, BTBR juvenile mice were reared in the same home cage with juvenile mice of a highly social inbred strain, C57BL/6J (B6). Subject mice were tested as young adults for sociability and repetitive behaviors. B6 controls reared with B6 showed their strain-typical high sociability. BTBR controls reared with BTBR showed their strain-typical lack of sociability. In contrast, BTBR reared with B6 as juveniles showed significant sociability as young adults. A 20-day intervention was as effective as a 40-day intervention for improving social approach behavior. High levels of repetitive self-grooming in BTBR were not rescued by peer-rearing with B6, indicating specificity of the intervention to the social domain. These results from a robust mouse model of autism support the interpretation that social enrichment with juvenile peers is a beneficial intervention for improving adult outcome in the social domain. This novel paradigm may prove useful for discovering factors that are essential for effective behavioral treatments, and biological mechanisms underlying effective behavioral interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu Yang
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-3730, USA.
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Abstract
The rich repertoire of mouse social behaviors makes it possible to use mouse models to study neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by social deficits. The fact that mice are naturally nocturnal animals raises a critical question of whether behavioral experiments should be strictly conducted in the dark phase and whether light phase testing is a major methodologically mistake. Although mouse social tasks have been performed in both phases in different laboratories, there seems to be no general consensus on whether testing phase is a critical factor or not. A recent study from our group showed remarkably similar social scores obtained from inbred mice tested in the light and the dark phase, providing evidence that light phase testing could yield reliable results as robust as dark phase testing for the sociability test. Here we offer a comprehensive review on mouse social behaviors measured in light and dark phases and explain why it is reasonable to test laboratory mice in experimental social tasks in the light phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu Yang
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health Bethesda, MD, USA
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Weber MD, Bagwell DAS, Fielding JE, Glantz SA. Long term compliance with California's Smoke-Free Workplace Law among bars and restaurants in Los Angeles County. Tob Control 2003; 12:269-73. [PMID: 12958386 PMCID: PMC1747734 DOI: 10.1136/tc.12.3.269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess long term compliance with the California Smoke-Free Workplace Law in Los Angeles County freestanding bars and bar/restaurants. DESIGN Population based annual site inspection survey of a random sample of Los Angeles County freestanding bars and bar/restaurants was conducted from 1998 to 2002. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcomes of interest were patron and employee smoking. The secondary outcomes of interest were the presence of ashtrays and designated outdoor smoking areas. RESULTS Significant increases in patron non-smoking compliance were found for freestanding bars (45.7% to 75.8%, p < 0.0001) and bar/restaurants (92.2% to 98.5%, p < 0.0001) between 1998 and 2002. Increases in employee non-smoking compliance were found for freestanding bars (86.2% to 94.7%, p < 0.0003) and bar/restaurants (96.5% to 99.2%, p < 0.005). CONCLUSIONS This study provides clear evidence that the California Smoke-Free Workplace Law has been effective at reducing patron and employee smoking in Los Angeles County bars and restaurants. Recommendations include educational campaigns targeted to freestanding bar owners and staff to counter perceptions of lost revenue, more rigorous enforcement, and more severe penalties for repeat violators such as alcohol licence revocation. Policymakers can enact smoke-free restaurant and bar policies to protect employees and patrons from secondhand smoke, confident that these laws can be successfully implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Weber
- Los Angeles County Department of Health Services, Los Angeles, California, USA.
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Huang M, Burgess RM, Weber MD, Shirley K, Causey K, Gorrell S, Bartusek K, Greenwald NF. THE EFFECT OF VISION ON TIMED UP AND GO SCORES IN NORMAL YOUNG, NORMAL AND BALANCE IMPAIRED OLDER SUBJECTS. J Geriatr Phys Ther 2002. [DOI: 10.1519/00139143-200225030-00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Parsell DE, Weber MD, Anderson BC, Cobb GW. Evaluation of ergonomic dental stools through clinical simulation. Gen Dent 2000; 48:440-4. [PMID: 11199619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Work-related musculoskeletal pain occurs commonly within the dental community. Three stool designs were utilized in this study: a standard dental stool, a stool with dual arm supports, and a stool with dual arm supports and chest support. Electromyographic data from four muscle groups were collected on 13 clinicians during a simulated crown preparation procedure. Clinical simulation suggests that a potential musculoskeletal benefit to the clinician exists through utilization of dental stool designs which incorporate static arm supports.
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Affiliation(s)
- D E Parsell
- University of Mississippi Medical Center, School of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216-4505, USA
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Cheng FK, Ford WL, Weber MD, Cheng SY, Kerndt PR. A probability-based approach for predicting HIV infection in a low prevalent population of injection drug users. Ann Epidemiol 1997; 7:28-34. [PMID: 9034404 DOI: 10.1016/s1047-2797(96)00108-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
This article proposes a method for estimating HIV risk in low-HIV-prevalent populations. Allard's risk probability model was used to compute individual risk scores. Based on a sample of 3854 injection drug users (IDUs) who were confidentially tested for HIV at five methadone treatment clinics in Los Angeles County, the following self-reported risk behaviors were used to derive an individual IDU risk score: (i) frequency of injection, (ii) frequency of using uncleaned needles, (iii) number of people sharing a needle, (iv) frequency of needle sharing, and (v) type of needle sharing practice. The overall HIV prevalence for the IDU sample was 2%. The risk score was strongly associated with HIV seropositivity (chi-square = 16.1, p < 0.0001), but only one of the individual IDU risk behaviors (needle cleaning) was significantly associated with HIV seropositivity (chi-square = 10.9, P < 0.001). In addition, the risk score was strongly associated with HIV serostatus for both males and females. For females, however, none of the individual IDU risk behaviors were associated with HIV serostatus. Our findings indicate that when predicting HIV infection in a low-prevalence population, the probability-based risk score makes a statistically significant contribution over individual IDU risk behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- F K Cheng
- Los Angeles County Department of Health Services, HIV Epidemiology Program, CA 90005, USA
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Cheng FK, Ford WL, Cheng SY, Weber MD, Kerndt PR. Occupational risk of acquiring HIV infection through needlestick injuries. Clin Perform Qual Health Care 1995; 3:147-50. [PMID: 10151165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Accidental needlestick exposures occur frequently among hospital personnel and account for most incidents of percutaneous injuries. Even if universal precautions were followed routinely, it is unlikely that multiple needlestick exposures could be avoided completely. Despite the likelihood of persons incurring multiple needlestick exposures, relatively little information is available on the cumulative risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection for health care workers attending unrecognized HIV-infected patients. A quantitative method to estimate annual cumulative risk from multiple exposures is offered, and the risk of HIV infection is estimated by use of a probability model for health care workers in both hospital and emergency department settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- F K Cheng
- Los Angeles County Department of Health Services, CA 90005, USA
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Abstract
Delayed onset muscle soreness is a common problem that can interfere with rehabilitation as well as activities of daily living. The purpose of this study was to test the impact of therapeutic massage, upper body ergometry, or microcurrent electrical stimulation on muscle soreness and force deficits evident following a high-intensity eccentric exercise bout. Forty untrained, volunteer female subjects were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups or to a control group. Exercise consisted of high-intensity eccentric contractions of the elbow flexors. Resistance was reduced as subjects fatigued, until they reached exhaustion. Soreness rating was determined using a visual analog scale. Force deficits were determined by measures of maximal voluntary isometric contraction at 90 degrees of elbow flexion and peak torque for elbow flexion at 60 degrees/sec on a Cybex II isokinetic dynamometer. Maximal voluntary isometric contraction and peak torque were determined at the 0 hour (before exercise) and again at 24 and 48 hours postexercise. Treatments were applied immediately following exercise and again at 24 hours after exercise. The control group subjects rested following their exercise bout. Statistical analysis showed significant increases in soreness rating and significant decreases in force generated when the 0 hour was compared with 24- and 48-hour measures. Further analysis indicated no statistically significant differences between massage, microcurrent electrical stimulation, upper body ergometry, and control groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Weber
- School of Health Related Professions, Department of Physical Therapy, University of Mississippi at the Medical Center, Jackson 39216-4505
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Abstract
Computerized testing of 20 élite male athletes was performed to determine the effect of 7 mg kg-1 caffeine on strength and power of the knee extensors and flexors. Subjects received counterbalanced administrations of either caffeine or a placebo on two separate occasions. Peak torque (T) was measured for knee extension (ET) and flexion (FT) at angular velocities of 30 degrees, 150 degrees and 300 degrees s-1. Additionally, performance for the first 125 ms (TAE) and power (W) were recorded during 300 degrees s-1. Testing sessions were held 1 week apart, at which time the placebo/caffeine administration was reversed. A 2 x 2 repeated measures analysis of variance supplemented with a Neuman-Keuls post hoc test showed the following--significant caffeine-related increases (P < 0.05) for ET at 30 degrees s-1, ET at 300 degrees s-1, and ETAE, and EW at 300 degrees s-1. Dependent t-tests performed for pre- to post-test means showed significant changes for the caffeine group in ET at 30 degrees s-1, FT at 30 degrees s-1, FT at 150 degrees s-1, ET at 300 degrees s-1, FT at 300 degrees s-1, E and FTAE, and EW at 300 degrees s-1. No significant effects were found for the placebo trial in any variable. It was concluded that caffeine can favourably affect some strength parameters in highly resistance-trained males. However, differences in subject fibre type, motivation and caffeine sensitivity need to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- B H Jacobson
- School of Health, Physical Education and Leisure, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater
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Johnson CA, Pentz MA, Weber MD, Dwyer JH, Baer N, MacKinnon DP, Hansen WB, Flay BR. Relative effectiveness of comprehensive community programming for drug abuse prevention with high-risk and low-risk adolescents. J Consult Clin Psychol 1990. [PMID: 2212182 DOI: 10.1037//0022-006x.58.4.447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This article reviews major risk factors for cigarette smoking, alcohol, and other drug abuse and promising community-based approaches to primary prevention. In a longitudinal experimental study, 8 representative Kansas City communities were assigned randomly to program (school, parent, mass media, and community organization) and control (mass media and community organization only) conditions. Programs were delivered at either 6th or 7th grade, and panels were followed through Grade 9 or 10. The primary findings were (a) significant reductions at 3 years in tobacco and marijuana use and (b) equivalent reductions for youth at different levels of risk. This study provides evidence that a comprehensive community program-based approach can prevent the onset of substance abuse and that the benefits are experienced equally by youth at high and low risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Johnson
- Institute for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Research, University of California, Pasadena 91101
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Mercer LP, Dodds SJ, Weber MD, Dunn JD. Histidine, histamine, and the neuroregulation of food intake: a review and hypothesis. Nutrition 1990; 6:273-7. [PMID: 1983714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Feeding, a behavior regulated by the central nervous system (CNS), includes the acquisition of specific essential nutrients and the maintenance of energy balance. Modulation of feeding behavior is a normal part of survival, but certain pathological conditions interrupt or modify regulatory aspects of feeding, thereby leading to inappropriate intake. This review examines aspects of metabolism associated with the anorexia seen in animals suffering from protein-energy malnutrition (PEM). The main focus is the indispensable amino acid histidine (His), the biosynthetic precursor of the neurotransmitter histamine (HA). In kwashiorkor-like PEM, His is elevated in plasma and brain, whereas all other indispensable amino acids are decreased. The elevation of His in the brain is to concentrations five times normal. Because the rate of HA synthesis in the brain is a function of the His concentration, His elevation raises the possibility of a profound direct effect of CNS function. In children, PEM consistently produces the symptoms of depressed food intake, edema, growth failure, and psychomotor changes. One known central effect of HA is the stimulation of ACTH and corticosteroid release. Based on these observations, the hypothesis being examined is as follows: one component of the pathophysiological neuroregulation of food intake involved the His-induced variation of HA concentration in the hypothalamus and the subsequently altered neurochemical activity at the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) neurons o the paraventricular nucleus (PVN).
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Affiliation(s)
- L P Mercer
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Oral Roberts University, Tulsa, Oklahoma
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Johnson CA, Pentz MA, Weber MD, Dwyer JH, Baer N, MacKinnon DP, Hansen WB, Flay BR. Relative effectiveness of comprehensive community programming for drug abuse prevention with high-risk and low-risk adolescents. J Consult Clin Psychol 1990; 58:447-56. [PMID: 2212182 DOI: 10.1037/0022-006x.58.4.447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This article reviews major risk factors for cigarette smoking, alcohol, and other drug abuse and promising community-based approaches to primary prevention. In a longitudinal experimental study, 8 representative Kansas City communities were assigned randomly to program (school, parent, mass media, and community organization) and control (mass media and community organization only) conditions. Programs were delivered at either 6th or 7th grade, and panels were followed through Grade 9 or 10. The primary findings were (a) significant reductions at 3 years in tobacco and marijuana use and (b) equivalent reductions for youth at different levels of risk. This study provides evidence that a comprehensive community program-based approach can prevent the onset of substance abuse and that the benefits are experienced equally by youth at high and low risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Johnson
- Institute for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Research, University of California, Pasadena 91101
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40
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Weber MD, Johnson CA, Carter S, Dietsch B, Caldwell-Stacy L, Palmer R, Flay BR, Hansen WB. Project SMART parent program: preliminary results of a chronic disease risk reduction trail. Ann Med 1989; 21:231-3. [PMID: 2765264 DOI: 10.3109/07853898909149940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Project SMART Parent Program is a school-based healthy lifestyle promotion program designed to reduce chronic disease risk in adults and to provide a health-conscious home environment for children through the adoption of healthy lifestyle by their parents. Parents in the high involvement condition received comprehensive health status appraisals, and a program designed to reduce dietary fat intake, and increase aerobic activity levels. Parents in the low involvement condition received only the comprehensive health status appraisals. ANCOVA, using treatment condition as the independent variable and change scores as the dependent variables, were used to assess program outcomes. At the first posttest measure, the intervention group compared to the control group had a significantly greater decrease in blood cholesterol, a greater gain in aerobic fitness, a greater weight loss, and a greater decrease in body fat. At the second posttest measure, the intervention group had significantly greater gain in aerobic fitness, a greater decrease in body fat, a greater decrease in systolic blood pressure, and a marginally significant decrease in weight. Preliminary results provide strong support for the effectiveness of the Parent Program in reducing chronic disease risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Weber
- Institute for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Research, University of Southern California, Pasadena 91101
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Abstract
Research is needed to identify risk factors specifically associated with the development of substance abuse. The current study explored the possibility that adolescents classified as having a problem behavior prone orientation (Type II) are predisposed to more rapid alcohol use onset compared to more normally socialized (Type I) adolescents. It was hypothesized that both types of adolescents would increase their alcohol use over time, but that problem behavior prone adolescents would increase their rates of alcohol consumption more rapidly than would normally socialized adolescents. Using ANCOVA (with baseline alcohol use as a covariate) and t tests (examining only nondrinkers at baseline), the hypotheses were strongly supported. Both Type I and Type II adolescents significantly increased their alcohol use over a one-year period. Type II adolescents, in comparison to Type I adolescents, had significantly higher alcohol use. The greater alcohol use among Type II adolescents was attributed to their problem behavior prone orientation. The findings suggest the existence of two different developmental pathways of alcohol use onset, one initiated by normally socialized adolescents and the other by adolescents with a problem behavior prone orientation. Future alcohol abuse prevention programs may benefit from tailored intervention strategies which take into account population specific risk factors.
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Weber MD, Blair DM, Clark VV. The pattern of schistosome egg distribution in a micturition flow. Cent Afr J Med 1967; 13:75-88. [PMID: 6068871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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