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Combes J, Clavijo Rivera E, Clément T, Fojcik C, Athès V, Moussa M, Allais F. Solvent selection strategy for an ISPR (In Situ/In stream product recovery) process: The case of microbial production of p-coumaric acid coupled with a liquid-liquid extraction. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.118170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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2
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Production of extracellular polysaccharides and phycobiliproteins from Tolypothrix sp. PCC7601 using mechanical milking systems. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.101929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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3
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Non-destructive extraction of lipids from Botryococcus braunii and its potential to reduce pond area and nutrient costs. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.101833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Hill LJ, Paradas WC, Willemes MJ, Pereira MG, Salomon PS, Mariath R, Moura RL, Atella GC, Farina M, Amado-Filho GM, Salgado LT. Acidification-induced cellular changes in Symbiodinium isolated from Mussismilia braziliensis. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0220130. [PMID: 31381568 PMCID: PMC6681953 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Dinoflagellates from the Symbiodiniaceae family and corals have an ecologically important endosymbiotic relationship. Scleractinian corals cannot survive for long periods without their symbionts. These algae, also known as zooxanthellae, on the other hand, thrives outside the coral cells. The free-living populations of zooxanthellae are essential for the resilience of the coral to environmental stressors such as temperature anomalies and ocean acidification. Yet, little is known about how ocean acidification may affect the free-living zooxanthellae. In this study we aimed to test morphological, physiological and biochemical responses of zooxanthellae from the Symbiodinium genus isolated from the coral Mussismilia braziliensis, endemic to the Brazilian coast, to acidification led by increased atmospheric CO2. We tested whether photosynthetic yield, cell ultrastructure, cell density and lipid profile would change after up to 16 days of exposure to pH 7.5 in an atmospheric pCO2 of 1633 μatm. Photosynthetic yield and cell density were negatively affected and chloroplasts showed vesiculated thylakoids, indicating morphological damage. Moreover, Symbiodinium fatty acid profile drastically changed in acidified condition, showing lower polyunsaturated fatty acids and higher saturated fatty acids contents, when compared to the control, non-acidified condition. These results show that seawater acidification as an only stressor causes significant changes in the physiology, biochemistry and ultrastructure of free-living Symbiodinium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian J Hill
- Diretoria de Pesquisas, Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Wladimir C Paradas
- Diretoria de Pesquisas, Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria Julia Willemes
- Diretoria de Pesquisas, Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Miria G Pereira
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paulo S Salomon
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Mariath
- Diretoria de Pesquisas, Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo L Moura
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Georgia C Atella
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcos Farina
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gilberto M Amado-Filho
- Diretoria de Pesquisas, Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leonardo T Salgado
- Diretoria de Pesquisas, Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Chaudry S, Bahri PA, Moheimani NR. Life cycle analysis of milking of microalgae for renewable hydrocarbon production. Comput Chem Eng 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compchemeng.2018.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Kempinski C, Jiang Z, Zinck G, Sato SJ, Ge Z, Clemente TE, Chappell J. Engineering linear, branched-chain triterpene metabolism in monocots. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2019; 17:373-385. [PMID: 29979490 PMCID: PMC6335073 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Triterpenes are thirty-carbon compounds derived from the universal five-carbon prenyl precursors isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) and dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP). Normally, triterpenes are synthesized via the mevalonate (MVA) pathway operating in the cytoplasm of eukaryotes where DMAPP is condensed with two IPPs to yield farnesyl diphosphate (FPP), catalyzed by FPP synthase (FPS). Squalene synthase (SQS) condenses two molecules of FPP to generate the symmetrical product squalene, the first committed precursor to sterols and most other triterpenes. In the green algae Botryococcus braunii, two FPP molecules can also be condensed in an asymmetric manner yielding the more highly branched triterpene, botryococcene. Botryococcene is an attractive molecule because of its potential as a biofuel and petrochemical feedstock. Because B. braunii, the only native host for botryococcene biosynthesis, is difficult to grow, there have been efforts to move botryococcene biosynthesis into organisms more amenable to large-scale production. Here, we report the genetic engineering of the model monocot, Brachypodium distachyon, for botryococcene biosynthesis and accumulation. A subcellular targeting strategy was used, directing the enzymes (botryococcene synthase [BS] and FPS) to either the cytosol or the plastid. High titres of botryococcene (>1 mg/g FW in T0 mature plants) were obtained using the cytosolic-targeting strategy. Plastid-targeted BS + FPS lines accumulated botryococcene (albeit in lesser amounts than the cytosolic BS + FPS lines), but they showed a detrimental phenotype dependent on plastid-targeted FPS, and could not proliferate and survive to set seed under phototrophic conditions. These results highlight intriguing differences in isoprenoid metabolism between dicots and monocots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chase Kempinski
- Plant Biology ProgramUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKYUSA
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKYUSA
| | - Zuodong Jiang
- Plant Biology ProgramUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKYUSA
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKYUSA
- Present address:
Department of Soil and Crop SciencesTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX77843USA
| | - Garrett Zinck
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKYUSA
| | - Shirley J. Sato
- Center for BiotechnologyUniversity of Nebraska‐LincolnLincolnNEUSA
| | - Zhengxiang Ge
- Center for BiotechnologyUniversity of Nebraska‐LincolnLincolnNEUSA
| | | | - Joe Chappell
- Plant Biology ProgramUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKYUSA
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKYUSA
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Concha E, Heipieper HJ, Wick LY, Ciudad GA, Navia R. Effects of limonene, n-decane and n-decanol on growth and membrane fatty acid composition of the microalga Botryococcus braunii. AMB Express 2018; 8:189. [PMID: 30488314 PMCID: PMC6262068 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-018-0718-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Botryococcus braunii is a promising microalga for the production of biofuels and other chemicals because of its high content of internal lipids and external hydrocarbons. However, due to the very thick cell wall of B. braunii, traditional chemical/physical downstream processing very often is not as effective as expected and requires high amounts of energy. In this cases, the application of two-phase aqueous-organic solvent systems could be an alternative to cultivate microalgae allowing for a simultaneous extraction of the valuable compounds without significant negative effects on cell growth. Two-phase systems have been applied before, however, there are no studies so far on the mechanisms used by microalgae to survive in contact with solvents present as a second-phase. In this study, the effects of the solvents limonene, n-decane and n-decanol on growth of the microalga B. braunii as well as the adaptive cell response in terms of their phospholipid fatty acid contents were analized. A concentration-dependent negative effect of all three solvents on cell growth was observed. Effects were accompanied by changes of the membrane fatty acid composition of the alga as manifested by a decrease of the unsaturation . In addition, an association was found between the solvent hydrophobicity (given as log octanol–water partition coefficient (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\text {P}_{O-W}$$\end{document}PO-W) values) and their toxic effects, whereby n-decanol and n-decane emerged as the most and least toxic solvent respectively. Among the tested solvents, the latter promises to be the most suitable for a two-phase extraction system.
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Nezammahalleh H, Adams TA, Ghanati F, Nosrati M, Shojaosadati SA. Techno-economic and environmental assessment of conceptually designed in situ lipid extraction process from microalgae. ALGAL RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2018.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Fushimi C, Tachibana C, Tomita R, Sakurai M. Optimization of Energy Consumption and Cost in Solvent Recovery Section for Large-Scale Biofuel Production from Microalgae. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF JAPAN 2018. [DOI: 10.1252/jcej.17we402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Fushimi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
| | - Chiemi Tachibana
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
| | - Ryo Tomita
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
| | - Makoto Sakurai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
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Chaudry S, Bahri PA, Moheimani NR. Techno-economic analysis of milking of Botryococcus braunii for renewable hydrocarbon production. ALGAL RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2018.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Chaudry S, Bahri PA, Moheimani NR. Superstructure optimization and energetic feasibility analysis of process of repetitive extraction of hydrocarbons from Botryococcus braunii – a species of microalgae. Comput Chem Eng 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compchemeng.2016.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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12
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Furuhashi K, Noguchi T, Okada S, Hasegawa F, Kaizu Y, Imou K. The surface structure of Botryococcus braunii colony prevents the entry of extraction solvents into the colony interior. ALGAL RES 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2016.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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13
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Paradas WC, Tavares Salgado L, Pereira RC, Hellio C, Atella GC, de Lima Moreira D, do Carmo APB, Soares AR, Menezes Amado-Filho G. A Novel Antifouling Defense Strategy from Red Seaweed: Exocytosis and Deposition of Fatty Acid Derivatives at the Cell Wall Surface. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 57:1008-1019. [PMID: 26936789 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcw039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the organelles involved in the biosynthesis of fatty acid (FA) derivatives in the cortical cells of Laurencia translucida (Rhodophyta) and the effect of these compounds as antifouling (AF) agents. A bluish autofluorescence (with emission at 500 nm) within L. translucida cortical cells was observed above the thallus surface via laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM). A hexanic extract (HE) from L. translucida was split into two isolated fractions called hydrocarbon (HC) and lipid (LI), which were subjected to HPLC coupled to a fluorescence detector, and the same autofluorescence pattern as observed by LSCM analyses (emission at 500 nm) was revealed in the LI fraction. These fractions were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), which revealed that docosane is the primary constituent of HC, and hexadecanoic acid and cholesterol trimethylsilyl ether are the primary components of LI. Nile red (NR) labeling (lipid fluorochrome) presented a similar cellular localization to that of the autofluorescent molecules. Transmission and scanning electron microscopy (TEM and SEM) revealed vesicle transport processes involving small electron-lucent vesicles, from vacuoles to the inner cell wall. Both fractions (HC and LI) inhibited micro-fouling [HC, lower minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 0.1 µg ml(-1); LI, lower MIC value of 10 µg ml(-1)]. The results suggested that L. translucida cortical cells can produce FA derivatives (e.g. HCs and FAs) and secrete them to the thallus surface, providing a unique and novel protective mechanism against microfouling colonization in red algae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wladimir Costa Paradas
- Diretoria de Pesquisas, Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 22460-030, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Tavares Salgado
- Diretoria de Pesquisas, Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 22460-030, Brazil
| | - Renato Crespo Pereira
- Departamento de Biologia Marinha, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, 100644, Brazil
| | - Claire Hellio
- Biodimar/LEMAR/IUEM, Université de Bretagne Occidentale (UBO), 6 Avenue Victor Le Gorgeu, CS93837, Brest cedex 3 29238, France
| | - Georgia Correa Atella
- Departamento de Bioquimica Médica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-590, Brazil
| | - Davyson de Lima Moreira
- Instituto de Tecnologia em Fármacos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, 21041-250, Brazil
| | | | - Angélica Ribeiro Soares
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ecologia e Desenvolvimento Social de Macaé, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Macaé, 27910-970, Brazil
| | - Gilberto Menezes Amado-Filho
- Diretoria de Pesquisas, Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 22460-030, Brazil
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Moutel B, André M, Kucma D, Legrand J, Grizeau D, Pruvost J, Gonçalves O. Assessing the biofuel production potential of Botryococcus braunii strains by sensitive rapid qualitative chemotyping using chemometrically-assisted gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. ALGAL RES 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2015.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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15
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Atobe S, Saga K, Hasegawa F, Furuhashi K, Tashiro Y, Suzuki T, Okada S, Imou K. Effect of amphiphilic polysaccharides released from Botryococcus braunii Showa on hydrocarbon recovery. ALGAL RES 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2015.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Bednarz A, Rüngeler B, Pfennig A. Use of Cascaded Option Trees in Chemical-Engineering Process Development. CHEM-ING-TECH 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.201300115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Razeghifard R. Algal biofuels. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2013; 117:207-19. [PMID: 23605290 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-013-9828-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The world is facing energy crisis and environmental issues due to the depletion of fossil fuels and increasing CO2 concentration in the atmosphere. Growing microalgae can contribute to practical solutions for these global problems because they can harvest solar energy and capture CO2 by converting it into biofuel using photosynthesis. Microalgae are robust organisms capable of rapid growth under a variety of conditions including in open ponds or closed photobioreactors. Their reduced biomass compounds can be used as the feedstock for mass production of a variety of biofuels. As another advantage, their ability to accumulate or secrete biofuels can be controlled by changing their growth conditions or metabolic engineering. This review is aimed to highlight different forms of biofuels produced by microalgae and the approaches taken to improve their biofuel productivity. The costs for industrial-scale production of algal biofuels in open ponds or closed photobioreactors are analyzed. Different strategies for photoproduction of hydrogen by the hydrogenase enzyme of green algae are discussed. Algae are also good sources of biodiesel since some species can make large quantities of lipids as their biomass. The lipid contents for some of the best oil-producing strains of algae in optimized growth conditions are reviewed. The potential of microalgae for producing petroleum related chemicals or ready-make fuels such as bioethanol, triterpenic hydrocarbons, isobutyraldehyde, isobutanol, and isoprene from their biomass are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Razeghifard
- Division of Math Science & Technology, Farquhar College of Arts & Science, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, 33314, USA,
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Highly valuable microalgae: biochemical and topological aspects. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 40:781-96. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-013-1281-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The past decade has seen a surge in the interest in microalgae culture for biodiesel production and other applications as renewable biofuels as an alternative to petroleum transport fuels. The development of new technologies for the culture of these photosynthetic microorganisms and improved knowledge of their biochemical composition has spurred innovation in the field of high-value biomolecules. These developments are only economically viable if all the microalgae fractions are valorized in a biorefinery strategy. Achieving this objective requires an understanding of microalgae content and the cellular localization of the main biomolecular families in order to develop efficient harvest and sequential recovery technologies. This review summarizes the state of the art in microalgae compositions and topologies using some examples of the main industrially farmed microalgae.
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Seawater-cultured Botryococcus braunii for efficient hydrocarbon extraction. PLoS One 2013; 8:e66483. [PMID: 23799107 PMCID: PMC3682974 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED As a potential source of biofuel, the green colonial microalga Botryococcus braunii produces large amounts of hydrocarbons that are accumulated in the extracellular matrix. Generally, pretreatment such as drying or heating of wet algae is needed for sufficient recoveries of hydrocarbons from B. braunii using organic solvents. In this study, the Showa strain of B. braunii was cultured in media derived from the modified Chu13 medium by supplying artificial seawater, natural seawater, or NaCl. After a certain period of culture in the media with an osmotic pressure corresponding to 1/4-seawater, hydrocarbon recovery rates exceeding 90% were obtained by simply mixing intact wet algae with n-hexane without any pretreatments and the results using the present culture conditions indicate the potential for hydrocarbon milking. HIGHLIGHTS Seawater was used for efficient hydrocarbon extraction from Botryococcus braunii. The alga was cultured in media prepared with seawater or NaCl. Hydrocarbon recovery rate exceeding 90% was obtained without any pretreatment.
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Improvement of hydrocarbon recovery by spouting solvent into culture of Botryococcus braunii. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2013; 36:1977-85. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-013-0974-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Colony organization in the green alga Botryococcus braunii (Race B) is specified by a complex extracellular matrix. EUKARYOTIC CELL 2012; 11:1424-40. [PMID: 22941913 DOI: 10.1128/ec.00184-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Botryococcus braunii is a colonial green alga whose cells associate via a complex extracellular matrix (ECM) and produce prodigious amounts of liquid hydrocarbons that can be readily converted into conventional combustion engine fuels. We used quick-freeze deep-etch electron microscopy and biochemical/histochemical analysis to elucidate many new features of B. braunii cell/colony organization and composition. Intracellular lipid bodies associate with the chloroplast and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) but show no evidence of being secreted. The ER displays striking fenestrations and forms a continuous subcortical system in direct contact with the cell membrane. The ECM has three distinct components. (i) Each cell is surrounded by a fibrous β-1, 4- and/or β-1, 3-glucan-containing cell wall. (ii) The intracolonial ECM space is filled with a cross-linked hydrocarbon network permeated with liquid hydrocarbons. (iii) Colonies are enclosed in a retaining wall festooned with a fibrillar sheath dominated by arabinose-galactose polysaccharides, which sequesters ECM liquid hydrocarbons. Each cell apex associates with the retaining wall and contributes to its synthesis. Retaining-wall domains also form "drapes" between cells, with some folding in on themselves and penetrating the hydrocarbon interior of a mother colony, partitioning it into daughter colonies. We propose that retaining-wall components are synthesized in the apical Golgi apparatus, delivered to apical ER fenestrations, and assembled on the surfaces of apical cell walls, where a proteinaceous granular layer apparently participates in fibril morphogenesis. We further propose that hydrocarbons are produced by the nonapical ER, directly delivered to the contiguous cell membrane, and pass across the nonapical cell wall into the hydrocarbon-based ECM.
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Kleinegris DMM, Janssen M, Brandenburg WA, Wijffels RH. Two-phase systems: potential for in situ extraction of microalgal products. Biotechnol Adv 2011; 29:502-7. [PMID: 21689738 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2011.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2011] [Revised: 05/31/2011] [Accepted: 05/31/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Algae are currently used for production of niche products and are becoming increasingly interesting for the production of bulk commodities, such as biodiesel. For the production of these goods to become economically feasible, production costs will have to be lowered by one order of magnitude. The application of two-phase systems could be used to lower production costs. These systems circumvent the costly step of cell harvesting, whilst the product is extracted and prepared for downstream processing. The mechanism of extraction is a fundamental aspect of the practical question whether two-phase systems can be applied for in situ extraction, viz, simultaneous growth, product formation and extraction, or as a separate downstream processing step. Three possible mechanisms are discussed; 1) product excretion 2) cell permeabilization, and 3) cell death. It was shown that in the case of product excretion, the application of two-phase systems for in situ extraction can be very valuable. With permeabilization and cell death, in situ extraction is not ideal, but the application of two-phase systems as downstream extraction steps can be part of a well-designed biorefinery process. In this way, processing costs can be decreased while the product is mildly and selectively extracted. Thus far none of the algal strains used in two-phase systems have been shown to excrete their product; the output has always been the result of cell death. Two-phase systems can be a good approach as a downstream processing step for these species. For future applications of two-phase in situ extraction in algal production processes, either new species that show product excretion should be discovered, or existing species should be modified to induce product excretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorinde M M Kleinegris
- Wageningen University, Bioprocess Engineering, P.O. Box 8129, 6700 EV, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Cantrell KB, Ducey T, Ro KS, Hunt PG. Livestock waste-to-bioenergy generation opportunities. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2008; 99:7941-53. [PMID: 18485701 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2008.02.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2008] [Revised: 02/27/2008] [Accepted: 02/27/2008] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The use of biological and thermochemical conversion (TCC) technologies in livestock waste-to-bioenergy treatments can provide livestock operators with multiple value-added, renewable energy products. These products can meet heating and power needs or serve as transportation fuels. The primary objective of this work is to present established and emerging energy conversion opportunities that can transform the treatment of livestock waste from a liability to a profit center. While biological production of methanol and hydrogen are in early research stages, anaerobic digestion is an established method of generating between 0.1 to 1.3m3m(-3)d(-1) of methane-rich biogas. The TCC processes of pyrolysis, direct liquefaction, and gasification can convert waste into gaseous fuels, combustible oils, and charcoal. Integration of biological and thermal-based conversion technologies in a farm-scale hybrid design by combining an algal CO2-fixation treatment requiring less than 27,000m2 of treatment area with the energy recovery component of wet gasification can drastically reduce CO2 emissions and efficiently recycle nutrients. These designs have the potential to make future large scale confined animal feeding operations sustainable and environmentally benign while generating on-farm renewable energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keri B Cantrell
- United States Department of Agriculture, ARS, Coastal Plains Soil, Water, and Plant Research Center, 2611 W. Lucas St. Florence, SC 29501, USA.
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Metzger P, Largeau C. Botryococcus braunii: a rich source for hydrocarbons and related ether lipids. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2004; 66:486-96. [PMID: 15630516 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-004-1779-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2004] [Revised: 09/23/2004] [Accepted: 09/24/2004] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents a review on Botryococcus braunii, a cosmopolitan green colonial microalga characterised by a considerable production of lipids, notably hydrocarbons. Strains like wild populations of this alga differ in the type of hydrocarbons they synthesise and accumulate: (1) n-alkadienes and trienes, (2) triterpenoid botryococcenes and methylated squalenes, or (3) a tetraterpenoid, lycopadiene. In addition to hydrocarbons and some classic lipids, these algae produce numerous series of characteristic ether lipids closely related to hydrocarbons. This review covers the algal biodiversity, the chemical structures and biosynthesis of hydrocarbons and ether lipids and the biotechnological studies related to hydrocarbon production.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Metzger
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bioorganique et Organique Physique, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris, 11 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75231 cedex 05 Paris, France.
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Chapter 13 Bacterial hydrocarbon biosynthesis revisited. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-2991(04)80154-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Stark D, von Stockar U. In situ product removal (ISPR) in whole cell biotechnology during the last twenty years. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2003; 80:149-75. [PMID: 12747544 DOI: 10.1007/3-540-36782-9_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This review sums up the activity in the field of in situ product removal in whole cell bioprocesses over the last 20 years. It gives a complete summary of ISPR operations with microbial cells and cites a series of interesting ISPR applications in plant and animal cell technology. All the ISPR projects with microbial cells are categorized according to their products, their ISPR techniques, and their applied configurations of the ISPR set-up. Research on ISPR application has primarily increased in the field of microbial production of aromas and organic acids such lactic acid over the last ten years. Apart from the field of de novo formation of bioproducts, ISPR is increasingly applied to microbial bioconversion processes. However, despite of the large number of microbial whole cell ISPR projects (approximately 250), very few processes have been transferred to an industrial scale. The proposed processes have mostly been too complex and consequently not cost effective. Therefore, this review emphasizes that the planning of a successful whole cell ISPR process should not only consider the choice of ISPR technique according to the physicochemical properties of the product, but also the potential configuration of the whole process set-up. Furthermore, additional process aspects, biological and legal constraint need to be considered from the very beginning for the design of an ISPR project. Finally, future trends of new, modified or improved ISPR techniques are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Stark
- Laboratory of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Banerjee A, Sharma R, Chisti Y, Banerjee UC. Botryococcus braunii: a renewable source of hydrocarbons and other chemicals. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2003; 22:245-79. [PMID: 12405558 DOI: 10.1080/07388550290789513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 266] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Botryococcus braunii, a green colonial microalga, is an unusually rich renewable source of hydrocarbons and other chemicals. Hydrocarbons can constitute up to 75% of the dry mass of B. braunii. This review details the various facets of biotechnology of B. braunii, including its microbiology and physiology; production of hydrocarbons and other compounds by the alga; methods of culture; downstream recovery and processing of algal hydrocarbons; and cloning of the algal genes into other microorganisms. B. braunii converts simple inorganic compounds and sunlight to potential hydrocarbon fuels and feedstocks for the chemical industry. Microorganisms such as B. braunii can, in the long run, reduce our dependence on fossil fuels and because of this B. braunii continues to attract much attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Banerjee
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Punjab, India
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The production of hydrocarbons from photoautotrophic growth ofDunaliella salina 1650. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 1998; 70-72:739-46. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02920185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Solichien M, O'Brien D, Hammond E, Glatz C. Membrane-based extractive fermentation to produce propionic and acetic acids: Toxicity and mass transfer considerations. Enzyme Microb Technol 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0141-0229(94)00086-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Nikolova P, Ward OP. Whole cell biocatalysis in nonconventional media. JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY 1993; 12:76-86. [PMID: 7764158 DOI: 10.1007/bf01569905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
In this paper biocatalytic reactions carried out by whole cells in nonconventional media are reviewed. Similar relationships are observed between solvent hydrophobicity and catalytic activity in reactions carried out by isolated enzymes and whole cells. In addition to the effect of organic solvent on biocatalyst stability, microbial cells are susceptible to damaging effects caused by the organic phase. In general, more hydrophobic solvents manifest lower toxicity towards the cells. Whole cell biocatalysts require more water than isolated enzymes and two-phase systems have been most widely used to study whole cell biocatalysis. Immobilization makes cell biocatalysts more resistant to organic solvents and helps achieve homogeneous biocatalyst dispersion. Cell entrapment methods have been widely used with organic solvent systems and mixtures of natural and/or synthetic polymers allow adjustment of the hydrophobicity-hydrophilicity balance of the support matrix. Some examples of stereoselective catalysis using microbial cells in organic solvent media are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Nikolova
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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Abstract
As continues to be demonstrated, the in situ recovery of selected products froma bioreactor can have a significant positive impact on production. The strategies that are focused on here are: aqueous two-phase biocatalysis; non-aqueous biocatalysis; and membrane-enhanced biocatalysis. Additional fundamental understanding of molecular partitioning and biocatalytic activity in these environments will facilitate the rational selection of the components involved in these processing strategies.
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Lipids and Macromolecular Lipids of the Hydrocarbon-rich Microalga Botryococcus braunii. Chemical Structure and Biosynthesis. Geochemical and Biotechnological Importance. FORTSCHRITTE DER CHEMIE ORGANISCHER NATURSTOFFE / PROGRESS IN THE CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC NATURAL PRODUCTS 1991. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7091-9119-4_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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