1
|
Liu Z, Li S, Anantha P, Thanakornsombut T, Wu L, Chen J, Tsuchiya R, Tripathi AK, Chen Y, Barman I. Plasmodium sporozoite shows distinct motility patterns in responses to three-dimensional environments. iScience 2024; 27:110463. [PMID: 39129829 PMCID: PMC11315120 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
During malaria infection, Plasmodium sporozoites, the fast-moving stage of the parasite, are injected by a mosquito into the skin of the mammalian host. In the skin, sporozoites need to migrate through the dermal tissue to enter the blood vessel. Sporozoite motility is critical for infection but not well understood. Here, we used collagen hydrogels with tunable fiber structures, as an in vitro model for the skin. After injecting sporozoites into the hydrogel, we analyzed their motility in three-dimension (3D). We found that sporozoites demonstrated chiral motility, in that they mostly follow right-handed helical trajectories. In high-concentration collagen gel, sporozoites have lower instantaneous speed, but exhibit straighter tracks compared to low-concentration collagen gel, which leads to longer net displacement and faster dissemination. Taken together, our study indicates an inner mechanism for sporozoites to adapt to the environment, which could help with their successful exit from the skin tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhui Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Songman Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Pooja Anantha
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Lintong Wu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Junjie Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Center for Cell Dynamics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ryohma Tsuchiya
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Center for Cell Dynamics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Abhai K. Tripathi
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yun Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Center for Cell Dynamics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ishan Barman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Dent LG, Curry N, Sparks H, Bousgouni V, Maioli V, Kumar S, Munro I, Butera F, Jones I, Arias-Garcia M, Rowe-Brown L, Dunsby C, Bakal C. Environmentally dependent and independent control of 3D cell shape. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114016. [PMID: 38636520 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
How cancer cells determine their shape in response to three-dimensional (3D) geometric and mechanical cues is unclear. We develop an approach to quantify the 3D cell shape of over 60,000 melanoma cells in collagen hydrogels using high-throughput stage-scanning oblique plane microscopy (ssOPM). We identify stereotypic and environmentally dependent changes in shape and protrusivity depending on whether a cell is proximal to a flat and rigid surface or is embedded in a soft environment. Environmental sensitivity metrics calculated for small molecules and gene knockdowns identify interactions between the environment and cellular factors that are important for morphogenesis. We show that the Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor (RhoGEF) TIAM2 contributes to shape determination in environmentally independent ways but that non-muscle myosin II, microtubules, and the RhoGEF FARP1 regulate shape in ways dependent on the microenvironment. Thus, changes in cancer cell shape in response to 3D geometric and mechanical cues are modulated in both an environmentally dependent and independent fashion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas G Dent
- Dynamical Cell Systems Group, Division of Cancer Biology, Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Nathan Curry
- Photonics Group, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Hugh Sparks
- Photonics Group, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Vicky Bousgouni
- Dynamical Cell Systems Group, Division of Cancer Biology, Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Vincent Maioli
- Photonics Group, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Photonics Group, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Ian Munro
- Photonics Group, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Francesca Butera
- Dynamical Cell Systems Group, Division of Cancer Biology, Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Ian Jones
- Dynamical Cell Systems Group, Division of Cancer Biology, Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Mar Arias-Garcia
- Dynamical Cell Systems Group, Division of Cancer Biology, Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Leo Rowe-Brown
- Photonics Group, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Chris Dunsby
- Photonics Group, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Chris Bakal
- Dynamical Cell Systems Group, Division of Cancer Biology, Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Paukner D, Eichinger JF, Cyron CJ. What are the key mechanical mechanisms governing integrin-mediated cell migration in three-dimensional fiber networks? Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2023:10.1007/s10237-023-01709-2. [PMID: 37318643 PMCID: PMC10366304 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-023-01709-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cell migration plays a vital role in numerous processes such as development, wound healing, or cancer. It is well known that numerous complex mechanisms are involved in cell migration. However, so far it remains poorly understood what are the key mechanisms required to produce the main characteristics of this behavior. The reason is a methodological one. In experimental studies, specific factors and mechanisms can be promoted or inhibited. However, while doing so, there can always be others in the background which play key roles but which have simply remained unattended so far. This makes it very difficult to validate any hypothesis about a minimal set of factors and mechanisms required to produce cell migration. To overcome this natural limitation of experimental studies, we developed a computational model where cells and extracellular matrix fibers are represented by discrete mechanical objects on the micrometer scale. In this model, we had exact control of the mechanisms by which cells and matrix fibers interacted with each other. This enabled us to identify the key mechanisms required to produce physiologically realistic cell migration (including advanced phenomena such as durotaxis and a biphasic relation between migration efficiency and matrix stiffness). We found that two main mechanisms are required to this end: a catch-slip bond of individual integrins and cytoskeletal actin-myosin contraction. Notably, more advanced phenomena such as cell polarization or details of mechanosensing were not necessary to qualitatively reproduce the main characteristics of cell migration observed in experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Paukner
- Institute for Continuum and Material Mechanics, Hamburg University of Technology, Eißendorfer Straße 42 (M), 21073, Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Material Systems Modeling, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Max-Planck Straße 1, 21502, Geesthacht, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany
| | - Jonas F Eichinger
- Institute for Continuum and Material Mechanics, Hamburg University of Technology, Eißendorfer Straße 42 (M), 21073, Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute for Computational Mechanics, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 15, Garching b., 85748, München, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Christian J Cyron
- Institute for Continuum and Material Mechanics, Hamburg University of Technology, Eißendorfer Straße 42 (M), 21073, Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
- Institute of Material Systems Modeling, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Max-Planck Straße 1, 21502, Geesthacht, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Fibrous Protein Composite Scaffolds (3D) for Tissue Regeneration: An in vitro Study on Skeletal Muscle Regeneration. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 217:112656. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
5
|
Wang X, Ansari A, Pierre V, Young K, Kothapalli CR, von Recum HA, Senyo SE. Injectable Extracellular Matrix Microparticles Promote Heart Regeneration in Mice with Post-ischemic Heart Injury. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2102265. [PMID: 35118812 PMCID: PMC9035118 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202102265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic heart injury causes permanent cardiomyocyte loss and fibrosis impairing cardiac function. Tissue derived biomaterials have shown promise as an injectable treatment for the post-ischemic heart. Specifically, decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) is a protein rich suspension that forms a therapeutic hydrogel once injected and improves the heart post-injury response in rodents and pig models. Current dECM-derived biomaterials are delivered to the heart as a liquid dECM hydrogel precursor or colloidal suspension, which gels over several minutes. To increase the functionality of the dECM therapy, an injectable solid dECM microparticle formulation derived from heart tissue to control sizing and extend stability in aqueous conditions is developed. When delivered into the infarcted mouse heart, these dECM microparticles protect cardiac function promote vessel density and reduce left ventricular remodeling by sustained delivery of biomolecules. Longer retention, higher stiffness, and slower protein release of dECM microparticles are noted compared to liquid dECM hydrogel precursor. In addition, the dECM microparticle can be developed as a platform for macromolecule delivery. Together, the results suggest that dECM microparticles can be developed as a modular therapy for heart injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinming Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Ali Ansari
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Valinteshley Pierre
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Kathleen Young
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Chandrasekhar R. Kothapalli
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio 44115, United States
| | - Horst A. von Recum
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Samuel E. Senyo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Al Hosni R, Bozec L, Roberts SJ, Cheema U. Reprogramming bone progenitor identity and potency through control of collagen density and oxygen tension. iScience 2022; 25:104059. [PMID: 35345460 PMCID: PMC8957015 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The biophysical microenvironment of the cell is being increasingly used to control cell signaling and to direct cell function. Herein, engineered 3D tuneable biomimetic scaffolds are used to control the cell microenvironment of Adipose-derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (AMSC), which exhibit a collagen density-specific profile for early and late stage bone cell lineage status. Cell potency was enhanced when AMSCs were cultured within low collagen density environments in hypoxic conditions. A transitional culture containing varied collagen densities in hypoxic conditions directed differential cell fate responses. The early skeletal progenitor identity (PDPN+CD146−CD73+CD164+) was rescued in the cells which migrated into low collagen density gels, with cells continuously exposed to the high collagen density gels displaying a transitioned bone-cartilage-stromal phenotype (PDPN+CD146+CD73−CD164-). This study uncovers the significant contributions of the physical and physiological cell environment and highlights a chemically independent methodology for reprogramming and isolating skeletal progenitor cells from an adipose-derived cell population. Fabrication of a 3D transitional culture to control adipose-derived MSC (AMSC) fate AMSC potency is enhanced in low collagen density gels under hypoxic conditions Early skeletal progenitor identity of AMSCs is enriched in a low collagen density gel Bone-cartilage-stromal identity of AMSCs is enriched in a high collagen density gel
Collapse
|
7
|
Joshi J, Kothapalli CR. Role of Inflammatory Niche and Adult Cardiomyocyte Coculture on Differentiation, Matrix Synthesis, and Secretome Release by Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 194:1938-1954. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-03803-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
8
|
Mestril S, Kim R, Hinman SS, Gomez SM, Allbritton NL. Stem/Proliferative and Differentiated Cells within Primary Murine Colonic Epithelium Display Distinct Intracellular Free Ca 2+ Signal Codes. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2101318. [PMID: 34510822 PMCID: PMC8599644 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202101318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The second messenger, intracellular free calcium (Ca2+ ), acts to transduce mitogenic and differentiation signals incoming to the colonic epithelium. A self-renewing monolayer of primary murine colonic epithelial cells is formed over a soft, transparent hydrogel matrix for the scalable analysis of intracellular Ca2+ transients. Cultures that are enriched for stem/proliferative cells exhibit repetitive, high frequency (≈25 peaks h-1 ), and short pulse width (≈25 s) Ca2+ transients. Upon cell differentiation the transient frequency declines by 50% and pulse width widens by 200%. Metabolites and growth factors that are known to modulate stem cell proliferation and differentiation through Wnt and Notch signaling pathways, including CHIR-99021, N-[(3,5-Difluorophenyl)acetyl]-L-alanyl-2-phenylglycine-1,1-dimethylethyl ester (DAPT), bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), and butyrate, also modulate Ca2+ oscillation patterns in a consistent manner. Increasing the stiffness of the supportive matrix from 200 Pa to 3 GPa shifts Ca2+ transient patterns toward those resembling differentiated cells. The ability to monitor Ca2+ oscillations with the spatial and temporal resolution offered by this platform, combined with its amenability to high-content screens, provides a powerful tool for investigating real-time communication within a wide range of primary tissues in addition to the colonic epithelium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Mestril
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA, and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Raehyun Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Samuel S. Hinman
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Shawn M. Gomez
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA, and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Castle EL, Robinson CA, Douglas P, Rinker KD, Corcoran JA. Viral Manipulation of a Mechanoresponsive Signaling Axis Disassembles Processing Bodies. Mol Cell Biol 2021; 41:e0039921. [PMID: 34516278 PMCID: PMC8547432 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00399-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Processing bodies (PBs) are ribonucleoprotein granules important for cytokine mRNA decay that are targeted for disassembly by many viruses. Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus is the etiological agent of the inflammatory endothelial cancer, Kaposi's sarcoma, and a PB-regulating virus. The virus encodes kaposin B (KapB), which induces actin stress fibers (SFs) and cell spindling as well as PB disassembly. We now show that KapB-mediated PB disassembly requires actin rearrangements, RhoA effectors, and the mechanoresponsive transcription activator, YAP. Moreover, ectopic expression of active YAP or exposure of ECs to mechanical forces caused PB disassembly in the absence of KapB. We propose that the viral protein KapB activates a mechanoresponsive signaling axis and links changes in cell shape and cytoskeletal structures to enhanced inflammatory molecule expression using PB disassembly. Our work implies that cytoskeletal changes in other pathologies may similarly impact the inflammatory environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth L. Castle
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Carolyn-Ann Robinson
- Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Pauline Douglas
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kristina D. Rinker
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering and Centre for Bioengineering Research and Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jennifer A. Corcoran
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Eichinger JF, Paukner D, Aydin RC, Wall WA, Humphrey JD, Cyron CJ. What do cells regulate in soft tissues on short time scales? Acta Biomater 2021; 134:348-356. [PMID: 34332102 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.07.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Cells within living soft biological tissues seem to promote the maintenance of a mechanical state within a defined range near a so-called set-point. This mechanobiological process is often referred to as mechanical homeostasis. During this process, cells interact with the fibers of the surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM). It remains poorly understood, however, what individual cells actually regulate during these interactions, and how these micromechanical regulations are translated to the tissue-level to lead to what we observe as biomaterial properties. Herein, we examine this question by a combination of experiments, theoretical analysis, and computational modeling. We demonstrate that on short time scales (hours) - during which deposition and degradation of ECM fibers can largely be neglected - cells appear to not regulate the stress / strain in the ECM or their own shape, but rather only the contractile forces that they exert on the surrounding ECM. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Cells in soft biological tissues sense and regulate the mechanical state of the extracellular matrix to ensure structural integrity and functionality. This so-called mechanical homeostasis plays an important role in the natural history of various diseases such as aneurysms in the cardiovascular system or cancer. Yet, it remains poorly understood to date which target quantity cells regulate on the mircroscale and how it translates to the macroscale. In this paper, we combine experiments, computer simulations, and theoretical analysis to compare different hypotheses about this target quantity. This allows us to identify a likely candidate for it at least on short time scales and in the simplified environment of tissue equivalents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonas F Eichinger
- Institute for Computational Mechanics, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstrasse 15, 85748, Garching, Germany; Institute for Continuum and Material Mechanics, Hamburg University of Technology, Eissendorfer Str. 42, 21073, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Daniel Paukner
- Institute for Continuum and Material Mechanics, Hamburg University of Technology, Eissendorfer Str. 42, 21073, Hamburg, Germany; Institute of Material Systems Modeling, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Max-Planck-Strasse 1, 21502, Geesthacht, Germany.
| | - Roland C Aydin
- Institute of Material Systems Modeling, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Max-Planck-Strasse 1, 21502, Geesthacht, Germany.
| | - Wolfgang A Wall
- Institute for Computational Mechanics, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstrasse 15, 85748, Garching, Germany.
| | - Jay D Humphrey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, 55 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
| | - Christian J Cyron
- Institute for Continuum and Material Mechanics, Hamburg University of Technology, Eissendorfer Str. 42, 21073, Hamburg, Germany; Institute of Material Systems Modeling, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Max-Planck-Strasse 1, 21502, Geesthacht, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Öztürk Ş, Shahbazi R, Zeybek ND, Kurum B, Gultekinoglu M, Aksoy EA, Demircin M, Ulubayram K. Assessment of electromechanically stimulated bone marrow stem cells seeded acellular cardiac patch in a rat myocardial infarct model. Biomed Mater 2021; 16. [PMID: 34330118 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ac199a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated cardiomyogenic differentiation of electromechanically stimulated rat bone marrow-derived stem cells (rt-BMSCs) on an acellular bovine pericardium (aBP) and we looked at the functioning of this engineered patch in a rat myocardial infarct (MI) model. aBP was prepared using a detergent-based decellularization procedure followed by rt-BMSCs seeding, and electrical, mechanical, or electromechanical stimulations (3 millisecond pulses of 5 V cm-1at 1 Hz, 5% stretching) to enhance cardiomyogenic differentiation. Furthermore, the electromechanically stimulated patch was applied to the MI region over 3 weeks. After this period, the retrieved patch and infarct region were evaluated for the presence of calcification, inflammatory reaction (CD68), patch to host tissue cell migration, and structural sarcomere protein expressions. In conjunction with any sign of calcification, a higher number of BrdU-labelled cells, and a low level of CD68 positive cells were observed in the infarct region under electromechanically stimulated conditions compared with static conditions. More importantly, MHC, SAC, Troponin T, and N-cad positive cells were observed in both infarct region, and retrieved engineered patch after 3 weeks. In a clear alignment with other results, our developed acellular patch promoted the expression of cardiomyogenic differentiation factors under electromechanical stimulation. Our engineered patch showed a successful integration with the host tissue followed by the cell migration to the infarct region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Şükrü Öztürk
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Sıhhiye, Altındağ, Ankara 06100, Turkey.,Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Reza Shahbazi
- Hematology/Oncology Division, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
| | - Naciye Dilara Zeybek
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Barıs Kurum
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kırıkkale University, Kırıkkale, Turkey
| | - Merve Gultekinoglu
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Sıhhiye, Altındağ, Ankara 06100, Turkey
| | - Eda Ayse Aksoy
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Sıhhiye, Altındağ, Ankara 06100, Turkey
| | - Metin Demircin
- Departments of Thoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kezban Ulubayram
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Sıhhiye, Altındağ, Ankara 06100, Turkey.,Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Eichinger JF, Grill MJ, Kermani ID, Aydin RC, Wall WA, Humphrey JD, Cyron CJ. A computational framework for modeling cell-matrix interactions in soft biological tissues. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2021; 20:1851-1870. [PMID: 34173132 PMCID: PMC8450219 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-021-01480-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Living soft tissues appear to promote the development and maintenance of a preferred mechanical state within a defined tolerance around a so-called set point. This phenomenon is often referred to as mechanical homeostasis. In contradiction to the prominent role of mechanical homeostasis in various (patho)physiological processes, its underlying micromechanical mechanisms acting on the level of individual cells and fibers remain poorly understood, especially how these mechanisms on the microscale lead to what we macroscopically call mechanical homeostasis. Here, we present a novel computational framework based on the finite element method that is constructed bottom up, that is, it models key mechanobiological mechanisms such as actin cytoskeleton contraction and molecular clutch behavior of individual cells interacting with a reconstructed three-dimensional extracellular fiber matrix. The framework reproduces many experimental observations regarding mechanical homeostasis on short time scales (hours), in which the deposition and degradation of extracellular matrix can largely be neglected. This model can serve as a systematic tool for future in silico studies of the origin of the numerous still unexplained experimental observations about mechanical homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonas F Eichinger
- Institute for Computational Mechanics, Technical University of Munich, Garching, 85748, Germany.,Institute for Continuum and Materials Mechanics, Hamburg University of Technology, Hamburg, 21073, Germany
| | - Maximilian J Grill
- Institute for Computational Mechanics, Technical University of Munich, Garching, 85748, Germany
| | - Iman Davoodi Kermani
- Institute for Computational Mechanics, Technical University of Munich, Garching, 85748, Germany
| | - Roland C Aydin
- Institute of Material Systems Modeling, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Geesthacht, 21502, Germany
| | - Wolfgang A Wall
- Institute for Computational Mechanics, Technical University of Munich, Garching, 85748, Germany
| | - Jay D Humphrey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Christian J Cyron
- Institute for Continuum and Materials Mechanics, Hamburg University of Technology, Hamburg, 21073, Germany. .,Institute of Material Systems Modeling, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Geesthacht, 21502, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Eichinger JF, Haeusel LJ, Paukner D, Aydin RC, Humphrey JD, Cyron CJ. Mechanical homeostasis in tissue equivalents: a review. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2021; 20:833-850. [PMID: 33683513 PMCID: PMC8154823 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-021-01433-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
There is substantial evidence that growth and remodeling of load bearing soft biological tissues is to a large extent controlled by mechanical factors. Mechanical homeostasis, which describes the natural tendency of such tissues to establish, maintain, or restore a preferred mechanical state, is thought to be one mechanism by which such control is achieved across multiple scales. Yet, many questions remain regarding what promotes or prevents homeostasis. Tissue equivalents, such as collagen gels seeded with living cells, have become an important tool to address these open questions under well-defined, though limited, conditions. This article briefly reviews the current state of research in this area. It summarizes, categorizes, and compares experimental observations from the literature that focus on the development of tension in tissue equivalents. It focuses primarily on uniaxial and biaxial experimental studies, which are well-suited for quantifying interactions between mechanics and biology. The article concludes with a brief discussion of key questions for future research in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonas F Eichinger
- Institute for Computational Mechanics, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Continuum and Materials Mechanics, Hamburg University of Technology, 21073, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lea J Haeusel
- Institute for Computational Mechanics, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Paukner
- Institute of Continuum and Materials Mechanics, Hamburg University of Technology, 21073, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Material Systems Modeling, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, 21502, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Roland C Aydin
- Institute of Material Systems Modeling, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, 21502, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Jay D Humphrey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Christian J Cyron
- Institute of Continuum and Materials Mechanics, Hamburg University of Technology, 21073, Hamburg, Germany.
- Institute of Material Systems Modeling, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, 21502, Geesthacht, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zeng WR, Doran PM. Interactivity of biochemical and physical stimuli during epigenetic conditioning and cardiomyocytic differentiation of stem and progenitor cells derived from adult hearts. Integr Biol (Camb) 2021; 13:73-85. [PMID: 33704437 DOI: 10.1093/intbio/zyab003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Mixed populations of cardiosphere-derived stem and progenitor cells containing proliferative and cardiomyogenically committed cells were obtained from adult rat hearts. The cells were cultured in either static 2D monolayers or dynamic 3D scaffold systems with fluid flow. Cardiomyocyte lineage commitment in terms of GATA4 and Nkx2.5 expression was significantly enhanced in the dynamic 3D cultures compared with static 2D conditions. Treatment of the cells with 5-azacytidine (5-aza) produced different responses in the two culture systems, as activity of this chemical epigenetic conditioning agent depended on the cell attachment and hydrodynamic conditions provided during culture. Cell growth was unaffected by 5-aza in the static 2D cultures but was significantly reduced under dynamic 3D conditions relative to untreated controls. Myogenic differentiation measured as Mef2c expression was markedly upregulated by 5-aza in the dynamic 3D cultures but downregulated in the static 2D cultures. The ability of the physical environment to modulate the cellular cardiomyogenic response to 5-aza underscores the interactivity of biochemical and physical stimuli applied for cell differentiation. Accordingly, observations about the efficacy of 5-aza as a cardiomyocyte induction agent may not be applicable across different culture systems. Overall, use of dynamic 3D rather than static 2D culture was more beneficial for cardio-specific myogenesis than 5-aza treatment, which generated a more ambiguous differentiation response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wendy R Zeng
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Pauline M Doran
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zamprogno P, Thoma G, Cencen V, Ferrari D, Putz B, Michler J, Fantner GE, Guenat OT. Mechanical Properties of Soft Biological Membranes for Organ-on-a-Chip Assessed by Bulge Test and AFM. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:2990-2997. [PMID: 33651947 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c00515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Advanced in vitro models called "organ-on-a-chip" can mimic the specific cellular environment found in various tissues. Many of these models include a thin, sometimes flexible, membrane aimed at mimicking the extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffold of in vivo barriers. These membranes are often made of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), a silicone rubber that poorly mimics the chemical and physical properties of the basal membrane. However, the ECM and its mechanical properties play a key role in the homeostasis of a tissue. Here, we report about biological membranes with a composition and mechanical properties similar to those found in vivo. Two types of collagen-elastin (CE) membranes were produced: vitrified and nonvitrified (called "hydrogel membrane"). Their mechanical properties were characterized using the bulge test method. The results were compared using atomic force microscopy (AFM), a standard technique used to evaluate the Young's modulus of soft materials at the nanoscale. Our results show that CE membranes with stiffnesses ranging from several hundred of kPa down to 1 kPa can be produced by tuning the CE ratio, the production mode (vitrified or not), and/or certain parameters such as temperature. The Young's modulus can easily be determined using the bulge test. This method is a robust and reproducible to determine membrane stiffness, even for soft membranes, which are more difficult to assess by AFM. Assessment of the impact of substrate stiffness on the spread of human fibroblasts on these surfaces showed that cell spread is lower on softer surfaces than on stiffer surfaces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Zamprogno
- Organs-on-Chip Technologies Laboratory, ARTORG Center, University of Bern, Bern 3008, Switzerland
| | - Giuditta Thoma
- Organs-on-Chip Technologies Laboratory, ARTORG Center, University of Bern, Bern 3008, Switzerland
| | - Veronika Cencen
- Laboratory for Bio- and Nano- Instrumentation, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Dario Ferrari
- Organs-on-Chip Technologies Laboratory, ARTORG Center, University of Bern, Bern 3008, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Putz
- Laboratory for Mechanics of Materials and Nanostructures, EMPA Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Thun 3602, Switzerland
| | - Johann Michler
- Laboratory for Mechanics of Materials and Nanostructures, EMPA Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Thun 3602, Switzerland
| | - Georg E Fantner
- Laboratory for Bio- and Nano- Instrumentation, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Olivier T Guenat
- Organs-on-Chip Technologies Laboratory, ARTORG Center, University of Bern, Bern 3008, Switzerland.,Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital of Bern, Bern 3008, Switzerland.,Department of General Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital of Bern, Bern 3008, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Nuge T, Liu Z, Liu X, Ang BC, Andriyana A, Metselaar HSC, Hoque ME. Recent Advances in Scaffolding from Natural-Based Polymers for Volumetric Muscle Injury. Molecules 2021; 26:699. [PMID: 33572728 PMCID: PMC7865392 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26030699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Volumetric Muscle Loss (VML) is associated with muscle loss function and often untreated and considered part of the natural sequelae of trauma. Various types of biomaterials with different physical and properties have been developed to treat VML. However, much work remains yet to be done before the scaffolds can pass from the bench to the bedside. The present review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the latest developments in the construction and application of natural polymers-based tissue scaffolding for volumetric muscle injury. Here, the tissue engineering approaches for treating volumetric muscle loss injury are highlighted and recent advances in cell-based therapies using various sources of stem cells are elaborated in detail. An overview of different strategies of tissue scaffolding and their efficacy on skeletal muscle cells regeneration and migration are presented. Furthermore, the present paper discusses a wide range of natural polymers with a special focus on proteins and polysaccharides that are major components of the extracellular matrices. The natural polymers are biologically active and excellently promote cell adhesion and growth. These bio-characteristics justify natural polymers as one of the most attractive options for developing scaffolds for muscle cell regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamrin Nuge
- Department of Mechanical, Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, 199 Taikang East Road, Ningbo 315100, China; (T.N.); (Z.L.)
| | - Ziqian Liu
- Department of Mechanical, Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, 199 Taikang East Road, Ningbo 315100, China; (T.N.); (Z.L.)
| | - Xiaoling Liu
- Department of Mechanical, Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, 199 Taikang East Road, Ningbo 315100, China; (T.N.); (Z.L.)
| | - Bee Chin Ang
- Centre of Advanced Materials, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (A.A.); (H.S.C.M.)
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Andri Andriyana
- Centre of Advanced Materials, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (A.A.); (H.S.C.M.)
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Hendrik Simon Cornelis Metselaar
- Centre of Advanced Materials, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (A.A.); (H.S.C.M.)
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Md Enamul Hoque
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Military Institute of Science and Technology (MIST), Dhaka 1216, Bangladesh;
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Three-Dimensional Spheroids as In Vitro Preclinical Models for Cancer Research. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12121186. [PMID: 33291351 PMCID: PMC7762220 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12121186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Most cancer biologists still rely on conventional two-dimensional (2D) monolayer culture techniques to test in vitro anti-tumor drugs prior to in vivo testing. However, the vast majority of promising preclinical drugs have no or weak efficacy in real patients with tumors, thereby delaying the discovery of successful therapeutics. This is because 2D culture lacks cell–cell contacts and natural tumor microenvironment, important in tumor signaling and drug response, thereby resulting in a reduced malignant phenotype compared to the real tumor. In this sense, three-dimensional (3D) cultures of cancer cells that better recapitulate in vivo cell environments emerged as scientifically accurate and low cost cancer models for preclinical screening and testing of new drug candidates before moving to expensive and time-consuming animal models. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of 3D tumor systems and highlight the strategies for spheroid construction and evaluation tools of targeted therapies, focusing on their applicability in cancer research. Examples of the applicability of 3D culture for the evaluation of the therapeutic efficacy of nanomedicines are discussed.
Collapse
|
18
|
Baumann HJ, Mahajan G, Ham TR, Betonio P, Kothapalli CR, Shriver LP, Leipzig ND. Softening of the chronic hemi-section spinal cord injury scar parallels dysregulation of cellular and extracellular matrix content. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2020; 110:103953. [PMID: 32957245 PMCID: PMC7509206 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.103953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Regeneration following spinal cord injury (SCI) is challenging in part due to the modified tissue composition and organization of the resulting glial and fibrotic scar regions. Inhibitory cell types and biochemical cues present in the scar have received attention as therapeutic targets to promote regeneration. However, altered Young's modulus of the scar as a readout for potential impeding factors for regeneration are not as well-defined, especially in vivo. Although the decreased Young's modulus of surrounding tissue at acute stages post-injury is known, the causation and outcomes at chronic time points remain largely understudied and controversial, which motivates this work. This study assessed the glial and fibrotic scar tissue's Young's modulus and composition (scar morphometry, cell identity, extracellular matrix (ECM) makeup) that contribute to the tissue's stiffness. The spatial Young's modulus of a chronic (~18-wks, post-injury) hemi-section, including the glial and fibrotic regions, were significantly less than naïve tissue (~200 Pa; p < 0.0001). The chronic scar contained cystic cavities dispersed in areas of dense nuclei packing. Abundant CNS cell types such as astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and neurons were dysregulated in the scar, while epithelial markers such as vimentin were upregulated. The key ECM components in the CNS, namely sulfated proteoglycans (sPGs), were significantly downregulated following injury with concomitant upregulation of unsulfated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and hyaluronic acid (HA), likely altering the foundational ECM network that contributes to tissue stiffness. Our results reveal the Young's modulus of the chronic SCI scar as well as quantification of contributing elastic components that can provide a foundation for future study into their role in tissue repair and regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah J Baumann
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, 44325, USA
| | - Gautam Mahajan
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, 44115, USA
| | - Trevor R Ham
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, 44325, USA
| | - Patricia Betonio
- School of Nursing, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, 44325, USA
| | - Chandrasekhar R Kothapalli
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, 44115, USA
| | - Leah P Shriver
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, 44325, USA; Department of Biology, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, 44325, USA
| | - Nic D Leipzig
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, 44325, USA; Department of Chemical, Biomolecular, and Corrosion Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, 44325, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Moyle LA, Cheng RY, Liu H, Davoudi S, Ferreira SA, Nissar AA, Sun Y, Gentleman E, Simmons CA, Gilbert PM. Three-dimensional niche stiffness synergizes with Wnt7a to modulate the extent of satellite cell symmetric self-renewal divisions. Mol Biol Cell 2020; 31:1703-1713. [PMID: 32491970 PMCID: PMC7521850 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e20-01-0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Satellite cells (SCs), the resident adult stem cells of skeletal muscle, are required for tissue repair throughout life. While many signaling pathways are known to control SC self-renewal, less is known about the mechanisms underlying the spatiotemporal control of self-renewal during skeletal muscle repair. Here, we measured biomechanical changes that accompany skeletal muscle regeneration and determined the implications on SC fate. Using atomic force microscopy, we quantified a 2.9-fold stiffening of the SC niche at time-points associated with planar-oriented symmetric self-renewal divisions. Immunohistochemical analysis confirms increased extracellular matrix deposition within the basal lamina. To test whether three-dimensional (3D) niche stiffness can alter SC behavior or fate, we embedded isolated SC-associated muscle fibers within biochemically inert agarose gels tuned to mimic native tissue stiffness. Time-lapse microscopy revealed that a stiff 3D niche significantly increased the proportion of planar-oriented divisions, without effecting SC viability, fibronectin deposition, or fate change. We then found that 3D niche stiffness synergizes with WNT7a, a biomolecule shown to control SC symmetric self-renewal divisions via the noncanonical WNT/planar cell polarity pathway, to modify stem cell pool expansion. Our results provide new insights into the role of 3D niche biomechanics in regulating SC fate choice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Louise A Moyle
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada.,Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Richard Y Cheng
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada.,Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Haijiao Liu
- Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada.,Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Sadegh Davoudi
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada.,Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Silvia A Ferreira
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Aliyah A Nissar
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada.,Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Eileen Gentleman
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Craig A Simmons
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada.,Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada.,Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Penney M Gilbert
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada.,Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada.,Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zumwalt M, Reddy AP. Stem Cells for Treatment of Musculoskeletal Conditions - Orthopaedic/Sports Medicine Applications. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165624. [PMID: 31794866 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.165624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A myriad of musculoskeletal conditions afflicts a vast number of the world's population from birth to death. Countless pathological diseases and traumatic injuries (acute and chronic) contribute to different human disabilities, causing a tremendous financial toll on the economy of healthcare. The medical field is continually searching for novel ways to combat orthopedically related conditions. The immediate goal is the restoration of anatomy then ultimately return of function in hopes of enhancing quality if not the quantity of life. Traditional methods involve surgical correction/reconstruction of skeletal deformities from fractures/soft tissue damage/ruptures or replacement/resection of degenerated joints. Modern research is currently concentrating on innovative procedures to replenish/restore the human body close to its original/natural state [1, 2].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mimi Zumwalt
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, 3601 4(th) Street STOP 9436, Lubbock, TX 79430 United States of America.
| | - Arubala P Reddy
- Texas Tech University, 1301 Akron Avenue, Lubbock, TX 79409 United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Akther F, Little P, Li Z, Nguyen NT, Ta HT. Hydrogels as artificial matrices for cell seeding in microfluidic devices. RSC Adv 2020; 10:43682-43703. [PMID: 35519701 PMCID: PMC9058401 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra08566a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogel-based artificial scaffolds and its incorporation with microfluidic devices play a vital role in shifting in vitro models from two-dimensional (2D) cell culture to in vivo like three-dimensional (3D) cell culture
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fahima Akther
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology
- The University of Queensland
- Brisbane
- Australia
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre
| | - Peter Little
- School of Pharmacy
- The University of Queensland
- Brisbane
- Australia
| | - Zhiyong Li
- School of Mechanical Medical & Process Engineering
- Queensland University of Technology
- Brisbane
- Australia
| | - Nam-Trung Nguyen
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre
- Griffith University
- Brisbane
- Australia
| | - Hang T. Ta
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology
- The University of Queensland
- Brisbane
- Australia
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Mahajan G, Lee MY, Kothapalli C. Biophysical and biomechanical properties of neural progenitor cells as indicators of developmental neurotoxicity. Arch Toxicol 2019; 93:2979-2992. [PMID: 31428840 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-019-02549-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Conventional in vitro toxicity studies have focused on identifying IC50 and the underlying mechanisms, but how toxicants influence biophysical and biomechanical changes in human cells, especially during developmental stages, remain understudied. Here, using an atomic force microscope, we characterized changes in biophysical (cell area, actin organization) and biomechanical (Young's modulus, force of adhesion, tether force, membrane tension, tether radius) aspects of human fetal brain-derived neural progenitor cells (NPCs) induced by four classes of widely used toxic compounds, including rotenone, digoxin, N-arachidonoylethanolamide (AEA), and chlorpyrifos, under exposure up to 36 h. The sub-cellular mechanisms (apoptosis, mitochondria membrane potential, DNA damage, glutathione levels) by which these toxicants induced biochemical changes in NPCs were assessed. Results suggest a significant compromise in cell viability with increasing toxicant concentration (p < 0.01), and biophysical and biomechanical characteristics with increasing exposure time (p < 0.01) as well as toxicant concentration (p < 0.01). Impairment of mitochondrial membrane potential appears to be the most sensitive mechanism of neurotoxicity for rotenone, AEA and chlorpyrifos exposure, but compromise in plasma membrane integrity for digoxin exposure. The surviving NPCs remarkably retained stemness (SOX2 expression) even at high toxicant concentrations. A negative linear correlation (R2 = 0.92) exists between the elastic modulus of surviving cells and the number of living cells in that environment. We propose that even subtle compromise in cell mechanics could serve as a crucial marker of developmental neurotoxicity (mechanotoxicology) and therefore should be included as part of toxicology assessment repertoire to characterize as well as predict developmental outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gautam Mahajan
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Washkewicz College of Engineering, Cleveland State University, 2121 Euclid Ave, FH 460, Cleveland, OH, 44115, USA
| | - Moo-Yeal Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Washkewicz College of Engineering, Cleveland State University, 2121 Euclid Ave, FH 460, Cleveland, OH, 44115, USA
| | - Chandrasekhar Kothapalli
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Washkewicz College of Engineering, Cleveland State University, 2121 Euclid Ave, FH 460, Cleveland, OH, 44115, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Joshi J, Abnavi MD, Kothapalli CR. Synthesis and secretome release by human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell spheroids within three-dimensional collagen hydrogels: Integrating experiments and modelling. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2019; 13:1923-1937. [PMID: 31350819 DOI: 10.1002/term.2943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction results in loss of cardiac cell types, inflammation, extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation, and fibrotic scar. Transplantation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) is being explored as they could differentiate into cardiomyocyte-like cells, integrate into host tissue, and enhance resident cell activity. The ability of these cells to restore lost ECM, remodel the inflammatory scar tissue, and repair the injured myocardium remains unexplored. We here elucidated the synthesis and deposition of ECM (e.g., elastin, sulfated glycosaminoglycans, hyaluronan, collagen type III, laminin, fibrillin, lysyl oxidase, and nitric oxide synthases), matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their inhibitors (TIMPs), and other secretome (cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors) in adult human BM-MSC spheroid cultures within three-dimensional collagen gels. The roles of species-specific type I collagen and 5-azacytadine were assessed over a 28-day period. Results revealed that human collagen (but not rat-derived) suppressed MSC proliferation and survival, and MSCs synthesized and released a variety of ECM proteins and secretome over the 28 days. Matrix deposition is at least an order of magnitude lower than their release levels at every time point, most possibly due to elevated MMP levels and interleukins with a concomitant decrease in TIMPs. Matrix synthesis over the 28-day period was fitted to a competitive inhibition form of Michaelis-Menten kinetics, and the production and decay rates of ECM, MMPs, and TIMPs, along with the kinetic model parameters quantified. Such an integrated experimental and modelling approach would help elucidate the critical roles of various parameters (e.g., cell encapsulation and delivery vehicles) in stem cell-based transplantation therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jyotsna Joshi
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ylä‐Outinen L, Harju V, Joki T, Koivisto JT, Karvinen J, Kellomäki M, Narkilahti S. Screening of Hydrogels for Human Pluripotent Stem Cell–Derived Neural Cells: Hyaluronan‐Polyvinyl Alcohol‐Collagen‐Based Interpenetrating Polymer Network Provides an Improved Hydrogel Scaffold. Macromol Biosci 2019; 19:e1900096. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201900096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Ylä‐Outinen
- NeuroGroup, Faculty of Medicine and Health TechnologyTampere University Kalevantie 4 33014 Tampere Finland
| | - Venla Harju
- NeuroGroup, Faculty of Medicine and Health TechnologyTampere University Kalevantie 4 33014 Tampere Finland
| | - Tiina Joki
- NeuroGroup, Faculty of Medicine and Health TechnologyTampere University Kalevantie 4 33014 Tampere Finland
| | - Janne T. Koivisto
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering GroupFaculty of Medicine and Health TechnologyTampere University Kalevantie 4 33014 Tampere Finland
| | - Jennika Karvinen
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering GroupFaculty of Medicine and Health TechnologyTampere University Kalevantie 4 33014 Tampere Finland
| | - Minna Kellomäki
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering GroupFaculty of Medicine and Health TechnologyTampere University Kalevantie 4 33014 Tampere Finland
| | - Susanna Narkilahti
- NeuroGroup, Faculty of Medicine and Health TechnologyTampere University Kalevantie 4 33014 Tampere Finland
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Boulter E, Tissot FS, Dilly J, Pisano S, Féral CC. Cyclic uniaxial mechanical stretching of cells using a LEGO® parts-based mechanical stretcher system. J Cell Sci 2019; 133:jcs.234666. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.234666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical cues are essential to the regulation of cell and tissue physiology. Henceforth, it has become an utmost necessity for cell biologists to account for those mechanical parameters when investigating biological processes and they need devices to manipulate cells accordingly. Here, we report a simple mechanical cell stretching system that can generate uniaxial cyclic mechanical stretch on cells in tissue culture. This system is based upon a low-cost battery-powered uniaxial cyclic mechanical stretcher exclusively built out of LEGO® parts combined to a stretchable PDMS tissue culture plate in order to grow and stretch cells. We characterize the system and show that it can be used with a wide variety of downstream applications including immunofluorescence, Western blotting and biochemical assays. We also illustrate how this system can be useful in a study as we investigated the behavior of integrin adhesion complexes upon cell stretching. We therefore present a cost-effective, multipurpose cell stretching system that should help understand mechanical signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Boulter
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, CNRS, IRCAN, 06107 Nice France
| | - Floriane S. Tissot
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, CNRS, IRCAN, 06107 Nice France
- Imperial College London, London UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, London UK
| | - Julien Dilly
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, CNRS, IRCAN, 06107 Nice France
| | - Sabrina Pisano
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, CNRS, IRCAN, 06107 Nice France
| | - Chloé C. Féral
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, CNRS, IRCAN, 06107 Nice France
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Joshi J, Brennan D, Beachley V, Kothapalli CR. Cardiomyogenic differentiation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell spheroids within electrospun collagen nanofiber mats. J Biomed Mater Res A 2018; 106:3303-3312. [PMID: 30242963 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Collagen is the major structural protein in myocardium and contributes to tissue strength and integrity, cellular orientation, and cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. Significant post-myocardial infarction related loss of cardiomyocytes and cardiac tissue, and their subsequent replacement with fibrous scar tissue, negatively impacts endogenous tissue repair and regeneration capabilities. To overcome such limitations, tissue engineers are working toward developing a 3D cardiac patch which not only mimics the structural, functional, and biological hierarchy of the native cardiac tissue, but also could deliver autologous stem cells and encourage their homing and differentiation. In this study, we examined the utility of electrospun, randomly-oriented, type-I collagen nanofiber (dia = 789 ± 162 nm) mats on the cardiomyogenic differentiation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSC) spheroids, in the presence or absence of 10 μM 5-azacytidine (aza). Results showed that these scaffolds are biocompatible and enable time-dependent evolution of early (GATA binding protein 4: GATA4), late (cardiac troponin I: cTnI), and mature (myosin heavy chain: MHC) cardiomyogenic markers, with a simultaneous reduction in CD90 (stemness) expression, independent of aza-treatment. Aza-exposure improved connexin-4 expression and sustained sarcomeric α-actin expression, but provided only transient improvement in cardiac troponin T (cTnT) expression. Cell orientation and alignment significantly improved in these nanofiber scaffolds over time and with aza-exposure. Although further quantitative in vitro and in vivo studies are needed to establish the clinical applicability of such stem-cell laden collagen nanofiber mats as cardiac patches for cardiac tissue regeneration, our results underscore the benefits of 3D milieu provided by electrospun collagen nanofiber mats, aza, and spheroids on the survival, cardiac differentiation and maturation of human BM-MSCs. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 3303-3312, 2018.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jyotsna Joshi
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio, 44115
| | - David Brennan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey, 08028
| | - Vince Beachley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey, 08028
| | | |
Collapse
|