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Mauro A, Scalvini D, Borgetto S, Fugazzola P, Mazza S, Perretti I, Gallotti A, Pagani A, Ansaloni L, Anderloni A. Malignant Acute Colonic Obstruction: Multidisciplinary Approach for Endoscopic Management. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:821. [PMID: 38398212 PMCID: PMC10887189 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16040821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Patients presenting with acute colonic obstruction are usually evaluated in the emergency department and multiple specialties are involved in the patients' management. Pre-treatment evaluation is essential in order to establish the correct endoscopic indication for stent implantation. Contrast-enhanced imaging could allow the exclusion of benign causes of colonic obstruction and evaluation of the length of malignant stricture. Endoscopic stenting is the gold standard of treatment for palliative indications whereas there are still concerns about its use as a bridge to surgery. Different meta-analyses showed that stenting as a bridge to surgery improves short-term surgical outcomes but has no role in improving long-term outcomes. Multidisciplinary evaluation is also essential in patients that may be started on or are currently receiving antiangiogenic agents because endoscopic stenting may increase the risk of perforation. Evidence in the literature is weak and based on retrospective data. Here we report on how to correctly evaluate a patient with acute colonic malignant obstruction in collaboration with other essential specialists including a radiologist, surgeon and oncologist, and how to optimize the technique of endoscopic stenting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelio Mauro
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Viale Camillo Golgi 19, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Davide Scalvini
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Viale Camillo Golgi 19, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine, PhD in Experimental Medicine Italy, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Sabrina Borgetto
- Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Paola Fugazzola
- Department of General Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Stefano Mazza
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Viale Camillo Golgi 19, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Ilaria Perretti
- Institute of Radiology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Anna Gallotti
- Institute of Radiology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Anna Pagani
- Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Luca Ansaloni
- Department of General Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Andrea Anderloni
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Viale Camillo Golgi 19, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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Sijmons JML, Dekker JWT, Tuynman JB, Mohan HM, Smart P, Heriot AG, Walker K, Kuryba A, Matthiessen P, Tanis PJ. Evolution of surgical approach to rectal cancer resection: A multinational registry assessment. Int J Colorectal Dis 2024; 39:15. [PMID: 38183451 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-023-04578-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Surgical approach to rectal cancer has evolved in recent decades, with introduction of minimally invasive surgery (MIS) techniques and local excision. Since implementation might differ internationally, this study is aimed at evaluating trends in surgical approach to rectal cancer across different countries over the last 10 years and to gain insight into patient, tumour and treatment characteristics. METHODS Pseudo-anonymised data of patients undergoing resection for rectal cancer between 2010 and 2019 were extracted from clinical audits in the Netherlands (NL), Sweden (SE), England-Wales (EW) and Australia-New Zealand (AZ). RESULTS Ninety-nine thousand five hundred ninety-seven patients were included (38,413 open, 55,155 MIS and 5416 local excision). An overall increase in MIS was observed from 29.9% in 2010 to 72.1% in 2019, with decreasing conversion rates (17.5-9.0%). The MIS proportion was highly variable between countries in the period 2010-2014 (54.4% NL, 45.3% EW, 39.8% AZ, 14.1% SE, P < 0.001), but variation reduced over time (2015-2019 78.8% NL, 66.3% EW, 64.3% AZ, 53.2% SE, P < 0.001). The proportion of local excision for the two periods was highly variable between countries: 4.7% and 11.8% in NL, 3.9% and 7.4% in EW, 4.7% and 4.6% in AZ, 6.0% and 2.9% in SE. CONCLUSIONS Application and speed of implementation of MIS were highly variable between countries, but each registry demonstrated a significant increase over time. Local excision revealed inconsistent trends over time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Helen M Mohan
- Bowel Cancer Outcomes Registry (BCOR), Melbourne, Australia
| | - Philip Smart
- Bowel Cancer Outcomes Registry (BCOR), Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Kate Walker
- National Bowel Cancer Audit (NBOCA), Leeds, UK
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3
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Jörgren F, Agger E, Lydrup ML, Buchwald P. Tumour deposits in colon cancer predict recurrence and reduced survival in a nationwide population-based study. BJS Open 2023; 7:zrad122. [PMID: 38035752 PMCID: PMC10689079 DOI: 10.1093/bjsopen/zrad122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumour deposits are suggested to impact prognosis in colon cancer negatively. This study assessed the impact of tumour deposits on oncological outcomes. METHODS Data from the Swedish Colorectal Cancer Registry for patients who underwent R0 abdominal surgery for TNM stage I-III colon cancer between 2011 and 2014 with 5-year follow-up were analysed with multivariable analysis. Patients were categorized for their tumour deposit status and compared for the local recurrence and distant metastasis rates and 5-year survivals (overall and relative). Subgroup analyses were performed according to the nodal disease status. RESULTS Of 8146 stage I-III colon cancer patients who underwent R0 resection, 8014 patients were analysed (808 tumour deposits positive, 7206 tumour deposits negative). Patients with tumour deposits positive tumours had increased local recurrence and distant metastasis rates (7.2 versus 3.0 per cent; P < 0.001 and 33.9 versus 12.0 per cent; P < 0.001 respectively) and reduced 5-year overall and relative survival (56.8 per cent versus 74.9 per cent; P < 0.001 and 68.5 versus 92.6 per cent; P < 0.001 respectively). In multivariable analysis, tumour deposits moderately increased the risks of local recurrence and distant metastasis (hazard ratio 1.50, 95 per cent c.i. 1.09 to 2.07; P = 0.013 and HR 1.91, 95 per cent c.i. 1.64 to 2.23; P < 0.001 respectively) and worse 5-year overall and relative survival (hazard ratio 1.60, 95 per cent c.i. 1.40 to 1.82; P < 0.001 and excess hazard ratio 2.24, 95 per cent c.i. 1.81 to 2.78; P < 0.001 respectively). Subgroup analysis of N stages found that N1c patients had worse outcomes than N0 for distant metastasis and relative survival. For patients with lymph node metastases tumour deposits increased the risks of distant metastasis and worse overall and relative survival, except for N2b patients. CONCLUSION Tumour deposits negatively impact the prognosis in colon cancer and must be considered when discussing adjuvant chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik Jörgren
- Department of Surgery, Helsingborg Hospital, Lund University, Helsingborg, Sweden
| | - Erik Agger
- Department of Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Marie-Louise Lydrup
- Department of Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Pamela Buchwald
- Department of Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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4
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van Kooten RT, Schutte BAM, van Staalduinen DJ, Hoeksema JHL, Holman FA, van Dorp C, Peeters KCMJ, Tollenaar RAEM, Wouters MWJM. Patient perspectives on consequences of resection for colorectal cancer: A qualitative study. Colorectal Dis 2023; 25:1578-1587. [PMID: 37329241 DOI: 10.1111/codi.16637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer is diagnosed in approximately 500,000 patients each year in Europe, leading to a high number of patients having to cope with the consequences of resection for colorectal cancer. As treatment options tend to grow, more information on the effects of these treatments is needed to engage in shared decision-making. This study aims to explore the impact of resection for colorectal cancer on patients' daily life. METHODS Patients (≥18 years of age) who underwent an oncological colorectal resection between 2018 and 2021 were selected. Purposeful sampling was used to include patients who differed in age, comorbidity conditions, types of (neo)adjuvant therapy, postoperative complications and the presence/absence of a stoma. Semi-structured interviews were conducted, guided by a topic guide. Interviews were fully transcribed and subsequently thematically analysed using the framework approach. Analyses were carried out using the following predefined themes: (1) daily life and activities; (2) psychological functioning; (3) social functioning; (4) sexual functioning; and (5) healthcare experiences. RESULTS Sixteen patients with a follow-up period of between 0.6 and 4.4 years after surgery were included in this study. Participants reported several challenges experienced because of poor bowel function, a stoma, chemotherapy-induced neuropathy, fear of recurrence and sexual dysfunction. However, they reported these as not interfering much with daily life. CONCLUSION Colorectal cancer treatment leads to several challenges and treatment-related health deficits. This is often not recognized by generic patient-reported outcome measures, but the findings on treatment-related health deficits presented in this study contain valuable insights which might contribute to improving colorectal cancer care, shared decision making and value-based health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert T van Kooten
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Bianca A M Schutte
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Dorine J van Staalduinen
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jetty H L Hoeksema
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Fabian A Holman
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Chantal van Dorp
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Koen C M J Peeters
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Rob A E M Tollenaar
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Michel W J M Wouters
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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5
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Axman E, Holmberg H, Rutegård M, de la Croix H. Association between previous inguinal hernia surgery and the risk of anastomotic leakage after colorectal surgery: nationwide registry-based study. BJS Open 2023; 7:zrad076. [PMID: 37650245 PMCID: PMC10469297 DOI: 10.1093/bjsopen/zrad076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Erik Axman
- The Queen Silvia Children´s Hospital, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Henrik Holmberg
- Department of Epidemiology and Global Health, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Martin Rutegård
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Hanna de la Croix
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Östra Hospital, Department of Surgery, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Tinguely P, Ruiter SJS, Engstrand J, de Haas RJ, Nilsson H, Candinas D, de Jong KP, Freedman J. A prospective multicentre trial on survival after Microwave Ablation VErsus Resection for Resectable Colorectal liver metastases (MAVERRIC). Eur J Cancer 2023; 187:65-76. [PMID: 37119639 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2023.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM This multi-centre prospective cohort study aimed to investigate non-inferiority in patients' overall survival when treating potentially resectable colorectal cancer liver metastasis (CRLM) with stereotactic microwave ablation (SMWA) as opposed to hepatic resection (HR). METHODS Patients with no more than 5 CRLM no larger than 30 mm, deemed eligible for both SMWA and hepatic resection at the local multidisciplinary team meetings, were deliberately treated with SMWA (study group). The contemporary control group consisted of patients with no more than 5 CRLM, none larger than 30 mm, treated with HR, extracted from a prospectively maintained nationwide Swedish database. After propensity-score matching, 3-year overall survival (OS) was compared as the primary outcome using Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses. RESULTS All patients in the study group (n = 98) were matched to 158 patients from the control group (mean standardised difference in baseline covariates = 0.077). OS rates at 3 years were 78% (Confidence interval [CI] 68-85%) after SMWA versus 76% (CI 69-82%) after HR (stratified Log-rank test p = 0.861). Estimated 5-year OS rates were 56% (CI 45-66%) versus 58% (CI 50-66%). The adjusted hazard ratio for treatment type was 1.020 (CI 0.689-1.510). Overall and major complications were lower after SMWA (percentage decrease 67% and 80%, p < 0.01). Hepatic retreatments were more frequent after SMWA (percentage increase 78%, p < 0.01). CONCLUSION SMWA is a valid curative-intent treatment alternative to surgical resection for small resectable CRLM. It represents an attractive option in terms of treatment-related morbidity with potentially wider options regarding hepatic retreatments over the future course of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascale Tinguely
- Division of Surgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institutet at Danderyd Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland; ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Simeon J S Ruiter
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jennie Engstrand
- Division of Surgery, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Robbert J de Haas
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Henrik Nilsson
- Division of Surgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institutet at Danderyd Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniel Candinas
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Koert P de Jong
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jacob Freedman
- Division of Surgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institutet at Danderyd Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Weibull CE, Boman SE, Glimelius B, Syk I, Matthiessen P, Smedby KE, Nordenvall C, Martling A. CRCBaSe: a Swedish register-based resource for colorectal adenocarcinoma research. Acta Oncol 2023; 62:342-349. [PMID: 37029990 DOI: 10.1080/0284186x.2023.2197121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To facilitate high-quality register-based research on colorectal cancer (CRC) in Sweden by constructing a database consisting of CRC patients, matched comparators, and relatives. MATERIAL AND METHODS Patients with adenocarcinoma in the colon and/or rectum were identified in the Swedish Colorectal Cancer Register, a nationwide quality-of-care register. For each patient, six comparators from the general population were matched on birth year, sex, year of CRC diagnosis, and county. Comparators were free from CRC at the time of matching, but could later become cases. For both patients and comparators, first-degree relatives (parents, siblings, and children) were identified. Information from nationwide population-based registers was retrieved and linked to each individual in the database using the personal identification number unique to all Swedish residents. RESULTS A total of 76,831 CRC patients diagnosed between 1995 and 2016 were identified (51% colon, 49% rectal; before 2007 only rectal cancer patients were included). Among all patients, 37% were stage I-II, 22% stage III, and 22% stage IV. The median follow-up time was 11.9 years (inter-quartile range, IQR: 8.6-15.3). Together with comparators and relatives, the database contains 2,413,139 individuals with information on demographics, dates and causes of death, in- and outpatient healthcare records, cancer diagnoses, prescribed and dispensed drugs, childbirths (among women), and social security information (such as sick leave and early retirement). CONCLUSION The Colorectal Cancer Database Sweden (CRCBaSe) is a large and unique register-based data research platform, which opens up for clinically important, large epidemiological studies with innovative design in the field of colorectal adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline E Weibull
- Department of Medicine Solna, Clinical Epidemiology Division, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sol Erika Boman
- Department of Medicine Solna, Clinical Epidemiology Division, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bengt Glimelius
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ingvar Syk
- Department of Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Peter Matthiessen
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Karin E Smedby
- Department of Medicine Solna, Clinical Epidemiology Division, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Caroline Nordenvall
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Pelvic Cancer, GI Oncology and Colorectal Surgery Unit, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Martling
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Pelvic Cancer, GI Oncology and Colorectal Surgery Unit, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Blind N, Gunnarsson U, Strigård K, Brännström F. The impact of a patient's social network on emergency surgery for colon cancer. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY 2023; 49:440-444. [PMID: 36243648 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2022.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to investigate if patients with a weak social network and colon cancer are more likely to be operated as an emergency than those with a strong social network. METHODS Data from patients living in Västerbotten County, Sweden, who underwent colon cancer surgery between 2007 and 2020 were extracted from the Swedish Colorectal Cancer Registry (SCRCR). Patients identified were matched against the Västerbotten Intervention Program (VIP) and the longitudinal study Monitoring of Trends and Determinants in Cardiovascular Disease (MONICA). These two databases include a survey that includes questions regarding quality and size of the patient's social network. Multivariable logistic regression was used for analysis. RESULTS Six items from the questions on social network, and the composite variables availability of social integration (AVSI) and availability of attachment (AVAT) were analysed. Data from 801 patients were analysed. The odds ratio for emergency surgery was significantly higher for divorced patients (OR 2.01 (CI 1.03-3.91)) and for male gender (OR 1.51 (CI 1.02-2.24)). A higher OR was seen amongst those with no-one to share feelings with (OR 1.57 (CI 0.82-3.03)) or to comfort them (OR1.33 (CI 0.78-2.28)). Quantitative aspects of social life such as the number of people greater than 10 that feel relaxed at the patient's home, showed a lower OR (OR 0.71(CI 0.35-1.43)). CONCLUSION The impact of social network on the risk for emergency surgery for colon cancer is limited. Divorced status and male gender were associated with an increased risk for emergency surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niillas Blind
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Umeå University, Sweden.
| | - Ulf Gunnarsson
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Umeå University, Sweden
| | - Karin Strigård
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Umeå University, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Brännström
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Umeå University, Sweden
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Osterlund E, Glimelius B. Temporal development in survival, and gender and regional differences in the Swedish population of patients with synchronous and metachronous metastatic colorectal cancer. Acta Oncol 2022; 61:1278-1288. [PMID: 36152023 DOI: 10.1080/0284186x.2022.2126327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Survival in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) has markedly improved in patients included in clinical trials. In population-based materials, improvements were seen until about a decade ago, but it is unclear if survival has continued to improve. It is also unclear if regional or gender differences exist. MATERIAL AND METHODS All patients with mCRC (N = 19,566) in Sweden between 2007 and 2016 were identified from the national quality register, SCRCR, with almost complete coverage. Overall survival (OS) from diagnosis of metastatic disease was calculated in two calendar periods, 2007-2011 and 2012-2016. Differences between groups were compared using Cox regression. RESULTS Median age was 72 years, 55% were males, synchronous presentation was seen in 13,630 patients and metachronous in 5936. In synchronous disease, the primary tumour was removed more often during the first than the second period (51% vs 41%, p < 0.001). Median OS (mOS) was 14.0 months. It was longer in those with metachronous than synchronous disease (17.6 vs 13.1 months, p < 0.001) and in males (15.0 vs 12.8 months, p < 0.001), and markedly influenced by age and primary location. It was longer in patients diagnosed during the second period than during the first (14.9 vs 13.1 months, HR 0.89 (95% CI 0.86-0.92), p < 0.001). This difference was seen in all subgroups according to sex, age, presentation, and sidedness. mOS was about one month shorter in 1/6 healthcare regions, most pronounced during the first period. Differences in median of up to 5 months were seen between the region with the shortest and longest mOS. CONCLUSIONS Overall survival in Swedish patients with mCRC has improved during the past decade but is still substantially worse than reported from clinical trials/hospital-based series, reflecting the selection of patients to trials. Regional differences were seen, but they decreased with time. Women did not have a poorer prognosis in multivariable analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emerik Osterlund
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Bengt Glimelius
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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10
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Route to diagnosis of colorectal cancer and association with survival within the context of a bowel screening programme. Public Health 2022; 211:53-61. [PMID: 36027788 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2022.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Bowel cancer screening has been introduced to improve colorectal cancer outcomes; however, a significant proportion of cases continue to present with TNM Stage III-IV disease and/or emergently. This study analyses the prior interaction with screening of patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer and factors associated with non-screening diagnosis. STUDY DESIGN This was a retrospective observational study. METHODS All patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer in the West of Scotland from 2011 to 2014 were identified. Through data linkage to the Scottish Bowel Cancer Screening Programme, we analysed patient interaction with screening within 2 years before cancer diagnosis. RESULTS In total, 6549 patients were diagnosed with colorectal cancer, 1217 (19%) via screening. Screening participation was associated with earlier TNM stage, reduced emergency presentations and improved 3-year survival (all P < 0.001). Failure to diagnose through screening was predominantly due to non-invitation (37%), non-return of screening test (29%) or negative test (13%). Three hundred fifty-one patients were below screening age, 79% of whom were aged 40-49 years and 2035 patients were above screening age. Factors associated with non-return of screening test included age, sex, SIMD (all P < 0.001) and raised Charlson score (P = 0.030). Factors associated with negative screening result included sex, anaemia, differentiation, right-sided tumours and venous invasion (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Within Scotland, <20% of colorectal cancer is diagnosed through screening despite the existence of a population screening programme. Measures must be taken to improve screening participation including encouragement of those of routine screening age and those age ≥75 years in good health to participate in screening with consideration given to extending screening to under 50s. A significant false-negative rate of testing was observed in the present study and this requires further investigation within a population undergoing screening through faecal immunochemical testing.
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11
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Hereditary evaluation and genetic counselling in young individuals with colorectal cancer in a population-based cohort. Surg Oncol 2022; 41:101741. [DOI: 10.1016/j.suronc.2022.101741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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12
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Frühling P, Urdzik J, Isaksson B. Chemotherapy in patients with a solitary colorectal liver metastasis – A nationwide propensity score matched study. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY 2022; 48:2188-2194. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2022.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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13
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Warps AK, Saraste D, Westerterp M, Detering R, Sjövall A, Martling A, Dekker JWT, Tollenaar RAEM, Matthiessen P, Tanis PJ. National differences in implementation of minimally invasive surgery for colorectal cancer and the influence on short-term outcomes. Surg Endosc 2022; 36:5986-6001. [PMID: 35258664 PMCID: PMC9283170 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-021-08974-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background The timing and degree of implementation of minimally invasive surgery (MIS) for colorectal cancer vary among countries. Insights in national differences regarding implementation of new surgical techniques and the effect on postoperative outcomes are important for quality assurance, can show potential areas for country-specific improvement, and might be illustrative and supportive for similar implementation programs in other countries. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate differences in patient selection, applied techniques, and results of minimal invasive surgery for colorectal cancer between the Netherlands and Sweden. Methods Patients who underwent elective minimally invasive surgery for T1-3 colon or rectal cancer (2012–2018) registered in the Dutch ColoRectal Audit or Swedish ColoRectal Cancer Registry were included. Time trends in the application of MIS were determined. Outcomes were compared for time periods with a similar level of MIS implementation (Netherlands 2012–2013 versus Sweden 2017–2018). Multilevel analyses were performed to identify factors associated with adverse short-term outcomes. Results A total of 46,095 Dutch and 8,819 Swedish patients undergoing MIS for colorectal cancer were included. In Sweden, MIS implementation was approximately 5 years later than in the Netherlands, with more robotic surgery and lower volumes per hospital. Although conversion rates were higher in Sweden, oncological and surgical outcomes were comparable. MIS in the Netherlands for the years 2012–2013 resulted in a higher reoperation rate for colon cancer and a higher readmission rate but lower non-surgical complication rates for rectal cancer if compared with MIS in Sweden during 2017–2018. Conclusion This study showed that the implementation of MIS for colorectal cancer occurred later in Sweden than the Netherlands, with comparable outcomes despite lower volumes. Our study demonstrates that new surgical techniques can be implemented at a national level in a controlled and safe way, with thorough quality assurance. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00464-021-08974-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Warps
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Centre, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, Netherlands.,Dutch Institute for Clinical Auditing, Rijnsburgerweg 10, 2333 AA, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - D Saraste
- Department of Surgery, Södersjukhuset, 118 83, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Insitutet, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Westerterp
- Department of Surgery, Haagland Medisch Centrum, Lijnbaan 32, 2512 VA, Den Haag, Netherlands
| | - R Detering
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - A Sjövall
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Insitutet, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Anna Steckséns gata 53, 171 64, Solna, Sweden
| | - A Martling
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Insitutet, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Anna Steckséns gata 53, 171 64, Solna, Sweden
| | - J W T Dekker
- Department of Surgery, Reinier de Graaf Groep, Reinier de Graafweg 5, 2625 AD, Delft, Netherlands
| | - R A E M Tollenaar
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Centre, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, Netherlands.,Dutch Institute for Clinical Auditing, Rijnsburgerweg 10, 2333 AA, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - P Matthiessen
- Department of Surgery, Örebro University Hospital, von Rosens väg 1, 70185, Örebro, Sweden.,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Örebro University, 70182, Örebro, Sweden
| | - P J Tanis
- Department of Surgery, Cancer Centre Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, University of Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
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14
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Lueders A, Ong G, Davis P, Weyerbacher J, Saxe J. Colonic stenting for malignant obstructions-A review of current indications and outcomes. Am J Surg 2022; 224:217-227. [DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2021.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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15
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Hirokawa F, Ueno M, Nakai T, Kaibori M, Nomi T, Iida H, Tanaka S, Komeda K, Hayami S, Kosaka H, Hokuto D, Kubo S, Uchiyama K. Treatment strategy for resectable colorectal cancer liver metastases from the viewpoint of time to surgical failure. Langenbecks Arch Surg 2021; 407:699-706. [PMID: 34741671 DOI: 10.1007/s00423-021-02372-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The efficacy of pre or postoperative chemotherapy for resectable colorectal cancer liver metastases (CRLM) is disputed. This study aimed to examine the risk factors for time to surgical failure (TSF) and analyze the efficacy of pre or postoperative chemotherapy prior to liver resection for CRLM. METHODS The clinicopathological factors of 567 patients who underwent initial hepatectomy for CRLM at 7 university hospitals between April 2007 and March 2013 were retrospectively analyzed. The prognostic factors were identified and then stratified into two groups according to the number of preoperative prognostic factors: the high-score group (H-group, score 2-4) and the low-score group (L-group, score 0 or 1). RESULTS Patients who experienced unresectable recurrence within 12 months after initial treatment had a significantly shorter prognosis than other patients (p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis identified age ≥ 70 (p = 0.001), pT4 (p = 0.015), pN1 (p < 0.001), carbohydrate antigen 19-9 ≥ 37 U/ml (p = 0.002), Clavien-Dindo grade ≥ IIIa (p = 0.013), and postoperative chemotherapy (p = 0.006) as independent prognostic factors. In the H-group, patients who received chemotherapy had a better prognosis than those who did not (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION Postoperative chemotherapy is beneficial in colorectal cancer patients with more than two of the following factors: age ≥ 70, carbohydrate antigen 19-9-positivity, pT4, and lymph node metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumitoshi Hirokawa
- Department of General and Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 2-7 Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki City, Osaka, 569-8686, Japan.
| | - Masaki Ueno
- Second Department of Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Takuya Nakai
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kinki University, Osaka-Sayama, Japan
| | - Masaki Kaibori
- Department of Surgery, Hirakata Hospital, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takeo Nomi
- Department of Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Hiroya Iida
- Department of Surgery, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Shogo Tanaka
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koji Komeda
- Department of General and Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 2-7 Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki City, Osaka, 569-8686, Japan
| | - Shinya Hayami
- Second Department of Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Hisashi Kosaka
- Department of Surgery, Hirakata Hospital, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Daisuke Hokuto
- Department of Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Shoji Kubo
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Uchiyama
- Department of General and Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 2-7 Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki City, Osaka, 569-8686, Japan
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16
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Lu SSM, Mohammed Z, Häggström C, Myte R, Lindquist E, Gylfe Å, Van Guelpen B, Harlid S. Antibiotics Use and Subsequent Risk of Colorectal Cancer: A Swedish Nationwide Population-Based Study. J Natl Cancer Inst 2021; 114:38-46. [PMID: 34467395 PMCID: PMC8755503 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djab125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Antibiotics use may increase colorectal cancer (CRC) risk by altering the gut microbiota, with suggestive evidence reported. Our study aims to investigate antibiotics use in relation to subsequent CRC risk. Methods This is a nationwide, population-based study with a matched case-control design (first primary CRC cases and 5 matched, cancer-free controls). Complete-population data, extracted from Swedish national registers for the period 2005-2016, were used to calculate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Results We included 40 545 CRC cases and 202 720 controls. Using the full dataset, we found a positive association between more frequent antibiotics use and CRC, excluding antibiotics prescribed within 2 years of diagnosis attenuated results toward the null. In site-specific analyses, excluding the 2-year washout, the positive association was confined to the proximal colon (adjusted odds ratio for very high use vs no use = 1.17, 95% confidence interval = 1.05 to 1.31). For rectal cancer, an inverse association, which appears to be driven by women, was observed. Quinolones and sulfonamides and/or trimethoprims were positively associated with proximal colon cancer, whereas a more general inverse association, across antibiotics classes, was observed for rectal cancer. We found no association between methenamine hippurate, a urinary tract antiseptic not affecting the gut microbiota, and CRC risk. Conclusions This register-based study covering the entire population of Sweden found a robust association between antibiotics use and higher risk of proximal colon cancer and an inverse association with rectal cancer in women. This study strengthens the evidence from previous investigations and adds important insight into site-specific colorectal carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai San Moon Lu
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Epidemiology and Global Health, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Zahraa Mohammed
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Christel Häggström
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Robin Myte
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Åsa Gylfe
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Umeå Centre for Microbial Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Bethany Van Guelpen
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Sophia Harlid
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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17
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Hansdotter P, Scherman P, Petersen SH, Mikalonis M, Holmberg E, Rizell M, Naredi P, Syk I. Patterns and resectability of colorectal cancer recurrences: outcome study within the COLOFOL trial. BJS Open 2021; 5:6328206. [PMID: 34308474 PMCID: PMC8311321 DOI: 10.1093/bjsopen/zrab067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Improvements in surgery, imaging, adjuvant treatment, and management of metastatic disease have led to modification of previous approaches regarding the risk of recurrence and prognosis in colorectal cancer. The aims of this study were to map patterns, risk factors, and the possibility of curative treatment of recurrent colorectal cancer in a multimodal setting. METHODS This was a cohort study based on the COLOFOL trial population of patients who underwent radical resection of stage II or III colorectal cancer. The medical files of all patients with recurrence within 5 years after resection of the primary tumour were scrutinized. Follow-up time was 5 years after the first recurrence. Primary endpoints were cumulative incidence, site, timing, and risk factors for recurrence, and rate of potentially curative treatment. A secondary endpoint was survival. RESULTS Of 2442 patients, 471 developed recurrences. The 5-year cumulative incidence was 21.4 (95 per cent c.i. 19.5 to 23.3) per cent. The median time to detection was 1.1 years after surgery and 87.3 per cent were detected within 3 years. Some 98.2 per cent of patients who had potentially curative treatment were assessed by a multidisciplinary tumour board. A total of 47.8 per cent of the recurrences were potentially curatively treated. The 5-year overall survival rate after detection was 32.0 (95 per cent c.i. 27.9 to 36.3) per cent for all patients with recurrence, 58.6 (51.9 to 64.7) per cent in the potentially curatively treated group and 7.7 (4.8 to 11.5) per cent in the palliatively treated group. CONCLUSION Time to recurrence was similar to previous results, whereas the 21.4 per cent risk of recurrence was somewhat lower. The high proportion of patients who received potentially curative treatment, linked to a 5-year overall survival rate of 58.6 per cent, indicates that it is possible to achieve good results in recurrent colorectal cancer following multidisciplinary assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Hansdotter
- Department of Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.,Institute of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Section of Surgery, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - P Scherman
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Surgery, Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg, Sweden
| | - S H Petersen
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Section of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M Mikalonis
- Department of Surgery, Aalborg Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - E Holmberg
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - M Rizell
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Transplant Institute, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - P Naredi
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - I Syk
- Department of Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.,Institute of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Section of Surgery, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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18
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Hemminki K, Försti A, Hemminki A. Survival in colon and rectal cancers in Finland and Sweden through 50 years. BMJ Open Gastroenterol 2021; 8:bmjgast-2021-000644. [PMID: 34272211 PMCID: PMC8287611 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgast-2021-000644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Global survival studies have shown favourable development in colon and rectal cancers but few studies have considered extended periods or covered populations for which medical care is essentially free of charge. Design We analysed colon and rectal cancer survival in Finland and Sweden over a 50-year period (1967–2016) using data from the Nordcan database. In addition to the standard 1-year and 5-year survival rates, we calculated the difference between these as a novel measure of how well survival was maintained between years 1 and 5. Results Relative 1-year and 5-year survival rates have developed favourably without major shifts for men and women in both countries. For Finnish men, 1-year survival in colon cancer increased from 50% to 82%, and for rectal cancer from 62% to 85%. The Swedish survival was a few per cent unit better for 1-year survival but for 5-year survival the results were equal. Survival of female patients for both cancers was somewhat better than survival in men through 50 years. Overall the survival gains were higher in the early compared with the late follow-up periods, and were the smallest in the last 10 years. The difference between 1-year and 5-year survival in colon cancer was essentially unchanged over the 50-year period while in rectal cancer there was a large improvement. Conclusions The gradual positive development in survival suggests a contribution by many small improvements rather than single breakthroughs. The improvement in 5-year survival in colon cancer was almost entirely driven by improvement in 1-year survival while in rectal cancer the positive development extended to survival past year 1, probably due to successful curative treatments. The current challenges are to reinvigorate the apparently stalled positive development and to extend them to old patients. For colon cancer, survival gains need to be extended past year 1 of diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kari Hemminki
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Center in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, Pilsen, Czech Republic .,Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Asta Försti
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Akseli Hemminki
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Helsingin yliopisto, Helsinki, Uusimaa, Finland.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsingin yliopistollinen Keskussairaala, Helsinki, Uusimaa, Finland
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19
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Baek SK, Lee JS, Hwang IG, Kim JG, Kim TW, Sohn SK, Kang MY, Lee SC. Clinical characteristics and survival of colorectal cancer patients in Korea stratified by age. Korean J Intern Med 2021; 36:985-991. [PMID: 33820397 PMCID: PMC8273826 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2019.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS This nationwide study was undertaken to determine differences in clinicopathologic characteristics and survival of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) according to age using big data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service (NHIS). METHODS The NHIS data including quality assessment of CRC by the Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service in Korea between 2011 and 2014 were analyzed. Based on age, patients were divided into three groups: not-old patients (< 65), young-old patients (65 to 74 years old) and old-old patients (≥ 75 years old). RESULTS We included 71,513 CRC patients. The median follow-up duration was 3.2 years (range, 0.003 to 5.5). Male patients constituted 60%. The median age of patients was 65 years (range, 18 to 102). Colon was the cancer site in 59.8% of not-old patients, 62.9% of young-old patients, and 66.1% of old-old patients. Compared to not-old patients, young-old and old-old patients were more likely to be diagnosed with colon adenocarcinoma and well/moderate differentiation or adequate differentiation (all p < 0.001). Old patients underwent more emergency operation (p < 0.001) and received less adjuvant therapy in stage I-III (p < 0.001). The probability of 3-year survival of young-old or old-old patients was worse than that for not-old patients (hazard ratio [HR], 1.55; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.46 to 1.64) (HR, 3.19; 95% CI, 3.03 to 3.37). CONCLUSION Old patients with CRC show different histology from younger patients. They are more frequently to have colon as primary lesion. They undergo less adjuvant therapy. Further studies and evidence-based guidelines for older patients with CRC are warranted to improve their outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Kyung Baek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Ji Sung Lee
- Clinical Research Center, Asan Medical Center, Seoul,
Korea
| | - In Gyu Hwang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Jong Gwang Kim
- Department of Oncology/Hematology, Kyungpook National University Medical Center, Daegu,
Korea
| | - Tae Won Kim
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Seung Kook Sohn
- Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service, Wonju,
Korea
| | - Mi Yeon Kang
- Quality Assessment Management Division, Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service, Wonju,
Korea
| | - Sang-Cheol Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan,
Korea
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20
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Osterman E, Hammarström K, Imam I, Osterlund E, Sjöblom T, Glimelius B. Completeness and accuracy of the registration of recurrences in the Swedish Colorectal Cancer Registry (SCRCR) and an update of recurrence risk in colon cancer. Acta Oncol 2021; 60:842-849. [PMID: 33689551 DOI: 10.1080/0284186x.2021.1896033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The completeness and accuracy of the registration of synchronous metastases and recurrences in the Swedish Colorectal Cancer Registry has not been investigated. Knowing how accurate these parameters are in the registry is a prerequisite to adequately measure the current recurrence risk. METHODS All charts for patients diagnosed with stage I-III colorectal cancer (CRC) in two regions were reviewed. In one of the regions, all registrations of synchronous metastases were similarly investigated. After the database had been corrected, recurrence risk in colon cancer was calculated stratified by risk group as suggested by ESMO in 2020. RESULTS In patients operated upon more than five years ago (N = 1235), there were 20 (1.6%) recurrences not reported. In more recent patients, more recurrences were unreported (4.0%). Few synchronous metastases were wrongly registered (3.6%) and, likewise, few synchronous metastases were not registered (about 1%). The five-year recurrence risk in stage II was 6% for low-risk, 11% for intermediate risk, and 23% for high-risk colon cancer patients. In stage III, it was 25% in low- and 45% in high-risk patients. Incorporation of risk factors in stage III modified the risks substantially even if this is not considered by ESMO. Adjuvant chemotherapy lowered the risk in stage III but not to any relevant extent in stage II. CONCLUSION The registration of recurrences in the registry after 5 years is accurate to between 1 and 2% but less accurate earlier. A small number of unreported recurrences and falsely reported recurrences were discovered in the chart review. The recurrence risk in this validated and updated patient series matches what has been recently reported, except for the risk of recurrence in stage II low risk colon cancers which seem to be even a few percentage points lower (6 vs. 9%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Osterman
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Surgery, Region Gävleborg, Gävle Hospital, Gävle, Sweden
| | - Klara Hammarström
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Israa Imam
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Emerik Osterlund
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tobias Sjöblom
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Bengt Glimelius
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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21
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Axmarker T, Leffler M, Lepsenyi M, Thorlacius H, Syk I. Long-term survival after self-expanding metallic stent or stoma decompression as bridge to surgery in acute malignant large bowel obstruction. BJS Open 2021; 5:6242413. [PMID: 33880530 PMCID: PMC8058149 DOI: 10.1093/bjsopen/zrab018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim Self-expanding metallic stents (SEMS) as bridge to surgery have been questioned due to the fear of perforation and tumour spread. This study aimed to compare SEMS and stoma as bridge to surgery in acute malignant large bowel obstruction in the Swedish population. Method Medical records of patients identified via the Swedish Colorectal Cancer Register 2007–2009 were collected and scrutinized. The inclusion criterion was decompression intended as bridge to surgery due to acute malignant large bowel obstruction. Patients who underwent decompression for other causes or had bowel perforation were excluded. Primary endpoints were 5-year overall survival and 3-year disease-free survival. Secondary endpoints were 30-day morbidity and mortality rates. Results A total of 196 patients fulfilled the inclusion criterion (SEMS, 71, and stoma, 125 patients). There was no significant difference in sex, age, ASA score, TNM stage and adjuvant chemotherapy between the SEMS and stoma groups. No patient was treated with biological agents. Five-year overall survival was comparable in SEMS, 56 per cent (40 patients), and stoma groups, 48 per cent (60 patients), P = 0.260. Likewise, 3-year disease-free survival did not differ statistically significant, SEMS 73 per cent (43 of 59 patients), stoma 65 per cent (62 of 95 patients), P = 0.32. In the SEMS group, 1.4 per cent (one patient) did not fulfil resection surgery compared to 8.8 per cent (11 patients) in the stoma group (P = 0.040). Postoperative complication and 30-day postoperative mortality rates did not differ, whereas the duration of hospital stay and proportion of permanent stoma were lower in the SEMS group. Conclusion This nationwide registry-based study showed that long-term survival in patients with either SEMS or stoma as bridge to surgery in acute malignant large bowel obstruction were comparable. SEMS were associated with a lower rate of permanent stoma, higher rate of resection surgery and shorter duration of hospital stay.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Axmarker
- Department of Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - M Leffler
- Department of Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - M Lepsenyi
- Department of Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - H Thorlacius
- Department of Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - I Syk
- Department of Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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22
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Båverud Olsson L, Buchli C, Villard C, Nilsson PJ. Differences in management and outcome for colon and rectal carcinoma with synchronous liver metastases: a population-based cohort study. Colorectal Dis 2021; 23:860-867. [PMID: 33259702 PMCID: PMC8246906 DOI: 10.1111/codi.15468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM Surgical treatment of colorectal cancer with synchronous colorectal liver metastases (SCRLM) can follow three different strategies with regard to the timing of liver resection. The aim of this study was to describe the selection of surgical strategy, focusing on differences between colon and rectal cancer with SCRLM, postoperative morbidity/mortality and survival. METHOD This was a retrospective population-based study of patients with SCRLM registered in the Swedish Colorectal Cancer Registry in the Stockholm/Gotland region during 2010-2017 and treated with surgical resection of the primary tumour and liver metastases (LM). Patients were followed for 5 years or censored at 22 November 2018. RESULTS A total of 238 patients met the inclusion criteria during the study period. Patients with rectal cancer were treated with the 'liver first' strategy in 70% of cases, whereas the main treatment strategies for colonic tumours were 'simultaneous resection' (44%) and 'primary first' (37%). Rectal cancer had a superior 5-year survival rate compared with colon tumours with SCRLM (62 vs. 47%; p = 0.033). There was no difference in survival between treatment strategies irrespective of primary tumour location. Postoperative complications occurred most commonly among rectal tumours treated with simultaneous resection (p = 0.024). CONCLUSION Patients with rectal cancer and SCRLM were more often treated with the 'liver first' strategy than patients with colon cancer. Patients with rectal cancer and SCRLM where both primary tumour and LM were operated on had significantly better survival than corresponding patients with colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisen Båverud Olsson
- Department of Molecular Medicine and SurgeryKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Christian Buchli
- Department of Molecular Medicine and SurgeryKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden,Centre for Digestive DiseasesKarolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
| | - Christina Villard
- Department of Medicine HuddingeUnit of Gastroenterology and RheumatologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Per J. Nilsson
- Department of Molecular Medicine and SurgeryKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden,Centre for Digestive DiseasesKarolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
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Valdimarsson VT, Syk I, Lindell G, Sandström P, Isaksson B, Rizell M, Norén A, Ardnor B, Sturesson C. Outcomes of Simultaneous Resections and Classical Strategy for Synchronous Colorectal Liver Metastases in Sweden: A Nationwide Study with Special Reference to Major Liver Resections. World J Surg 2021; 44:2409-2417. [PMID: 32185455 PMCID: PMC7266839 DOI: 10.1007/s00268-020-05475-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background About 20% of patients with colorectal cancer have liver metastases at the time of diagnosis, and surgical resection offers a chance for cure. The aim of the present study was to compare outcomes for patients that underwent simultaneous resection to those that underwent a staged procedure with the bowel-first (classical) strategy by using information from two national registries in Sweden. Methods In this prospectively registered cohort study, we analyzed clinical, pathological, and survival outcomes for patients operated in the period 2008–2015 and compared the two strategies. Results In total, 537 patients constituted the study cohort, where 160 were treated with the simultaneous strategy and 377 with the classical strategy. Patients managed with the simultaneous strategy had less often rectal primary tumors (22% vs. 31%, p = 0.046) and underwent to a lesser extent a major liver resection (16% vs. 41%, p < 0.001), but had a shorter total length of stay (11 vs. 15 days, p < 0.001) and more complications (52% vs. 36%, p < 0.001). No significant 5-year overall survival (p = 0.110) difference was detected. Twenty-five patients had a major liver resection in the simultaneous strategy group and 155 in the classical strategy group without difference in 5-year overall survival (p = 0.198). Conclusion Simultaneous resection of the colorectal primary cancer and liver metastases can possibly have more complications, with no difference in overall survival compared to the classical strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentinus T Valdimarsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Surgery, Skane University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ingvar Syk
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Surgery, Skane University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Gert Lindell
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Surgery, Skane University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Per Sandström
- Department of Surgery, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Bengt Isaksson
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Magnus Rizell
- Department of Transplantation and Liver Surgery, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Agneta Norén
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Bjarne Ardnor
- Department of Surgery, Umeå University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Christian Sturesson
- Division of Surgery, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, 141 86, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Recurrence Risk after Radical Colorectal Cancer Surgery-Less Than before, But How High Is It? Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113308. [PMID: 33182510 PMCID: PMC7696064 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Evidence indicates that recurrence risk after colon cancer today is less than it was when trials performed decades ago showed that adjuvant chemotherapy reduces the risk and prolong disease-free and overall survival. After rectal cancer surgery, local recurrence rates have decreased but it is unclear if systemic recurrences have. After a systematic review of available literature reporting recurrence risks after curative colorectal cancer surgery we report that the risks are lower today than they were in the past and that this risk reduction is not solely ascribed to the use of adjuvant therapy. Adjuvant therapy always means overtreatment of many patients, already cured by the surgery. Fewer recurrences mean that progress in the care of these patients has happened but also that the present guidelines giving recommendations based upon old data must be adjusted. The relative gains from adding chemotherapy are not altered, but the absolute number of patients gaining is less. Abstract Adjuvant chemotherapy aims at eradicating tumour cells sometimes present after radical surgery for a colorectal cancer (CRC) and thereby diminish the recurrence rate and prolong time to recurrence (TTR). Remaining tumour cells will lead to recurrent disease that is usually fatal. Adjuvant therapy is administered based upon the estimated recurrence risk, which in turn defines the need for this treatment. This systematic overview aims at describing whether the need has decreased since trials showing that adjuvant chemotherapy provides benefits in colon cancer were performed decades ago. Thanks to other improvements than the administration of adjuvant chemotherapy, such as better staging, improved surgery, the use of radiotherapy and more careful pathology, recurrence risks have decreased. Methodological difficulties including intertrial comparisons decades apart and the present selective use of adjuvant therapy prevent an accurate estimate of the magnitude of the decreased need. Furthermore, most trials do not report recurrence rates or TTR, only disease-free and overall survival (DFS/OS). Fewer colon cancer patients, particularly in stage II but also in stage III, today display a sufficient need for adjuvant treatment considering the burden of treatment, especially when oxaliplatin is added. In rectal cancer, neo-adjuvant treatment will be increasingly used, diminishing the need for adjuvant treatment.
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Sterpetti AV, Sapienza P, Fiori E, Marzo LDI, Lamazza A. Improved results for left-sided malignant colorectal obstruction with a proper selection for self expandable metal stent placement, surgical resection or diverting stoma. Eur J Surg Oncol 2020; 46:2064-2067. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2020.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Gehrman J, Angenete E, Björholt I, Lesén E, Haglind E. Cost-effectiveness analysis of laparoscopic and open surgery in routine Swedish care for colorectal cancer. Surg Endosc 2020; 34:4403-4412. [PMID: 31630289 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-019-07214-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer has been shown in clinical trials to be effective regarding short-term outcomes and oncologically safe. Health economic analyses have been performed early in the learning curve when adoption of laparoscopic surgery was not extensive. This cost-effectiveness analysis evaluates laparoscopic versus open colorectal cancer surgery in Swedish routine care. METHODS In this national retrospective cohort study, data were retrieved from the Swedish ColoRectal Cancer Registry. Clinical effectiveness, resource use and unit costs were derived from this and other sources with nationwide coverage. The study period was 2013 and 2014 with 1 year follow-up. Exclusion criterion comprised cT4-tumors. Clinical effectiveness was estimated in a composite endpoint of all-cause resource-consuming events in inpatient care, readmissions and deaths up to 90 days postoperatively. Up to 1 year, events predefined as related to the primary surgery were included. Costs included resource-consuming events, readmissions and sick leave and were estimated for both the society and healthcare. Multivariable regression analyses were used to adjust for differences in baseline characteristics between the groups. RESULTS After exclusion of cT4 tumors, the cohort included 7707 patients who underwent colorectal cancer surgery: 6060 patients in the open surgery group and 1647 patients in the laparoscopic group. The mean adjusted difference in clinical effectiveness between laparoscopic and open colorectal cancer surgery was 0.23 events (95% CI 0.12 to 0.33). Mean adjusted differences in costs (open minus laparoscopic surgery) were $4504 (95% CI 2257 to 6799) and $4480 (95% CI 2739 to 6203) for the societal and the healthcare perspective respectively. In both categories, resource consuming events in inpatient care were the main driver of the results. CONCLUSION In a national cohort, laparoscopic colorectal cancer surgery was associated with both superior outcomes for clinical effectiveness and cost versus open surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Gehrman
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, SSORG-Scandinavian Surgical Outcomes Research Group, Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Östra, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 416 50, Gothenburg, Sweden. .,PharmaLex (Formerly Nordic Health Economics), Medicinaregatan 8, 413 90, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Eva Angenete
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, SSORG-Scandinavian Surgical Outcomes Research Group, Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Östra, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 416 50, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ingela Björholt
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, SSORG-Scandinavian Surgical Outcomes Research Group, Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Östra, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 416 50, Gothenburg, Sweden.,PharmaLex (Formerly Nordic Health Economics), Medicinaregatan 8, 413 90, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eva Lesén
- PharmaLex (Formerly Nordic Health Economics), Medicinaregatan 8, 413 90, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eva Haglind
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, SSORG-Scandinavian Surgical Outcomes Research Group, Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Östra, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 416 50, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Impact of hospital volume on outcomes after emergency management of obstructive colon cancer: a nationwide study of 1957 patients. Int J Colorectal Dis 2020; 35:1865-1874. [PMID: 32504329 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-020-03602-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Volume-outcome relationship is well established in elective colorectal surgery for cancer, but little is known for patients managed for obstructive colon cancer (OCC). We aimed to compare the management and outcomes according to the hospital volume in this particular setting. METHODS Patients managed for OCC between 2005 and 2015 in centers of the French National Surgical Association were retrospectively analyzed. Hospital volume was dichotomized between low and high volume on the median number of patients included per center during the study period. RESULTS A total of 1957 patients with OCC were managed in 56 centers with a median number of 28 (1-123) patients per center: 298 (15%) were treated in low-volume hospitals (LVHs) and 1659 (85%) in high-volume hospitals (HVHs). Patients in LVH were significantly younger, and had fewer comorbidities and synchronous metastases. Proximal diverting stoma was the preferred surgical option in LVH (p < 0.0001), whereas tumor resection with primary anastomosis was more frequently performed in HVH (p < 0.0001). Cumulative morbidity (59 vs. 50%, p = 0.003), mortality (13 vs. 8%, p = 0.03), and length of hospital stay (22 ± 19 vs. 18 ± 14 days, p = 0.002) were significantly higher in LVH. At multivariate analysis, LVH was a predictor for cumulative morbidity (p < 0.0001) and mortality (p = 0.03). There was no difference between the two groups for tumor resection and stoma rates, and for oncological outcomes. CONCLUSIONS The hospital volume has no impact on outcomes after the first-stage surgery in OCC patients. When all surgical stages are considered, hospital volume influences cumulative postoperative morbidity and mortality but has no impact on oncological outcomes.
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Sjöström O, Dahlin AM, Silander G, Syk I, Melin B, Hellquist BN. Travel time to care does not affect survival for patients with colorectal cancer in northern Sweden: A data linkage study from the Risk North database. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236799. [PMID: 32756574 PMCID: PMC7406033 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Numerous prior studies, even from countries with free access to care, have associated long travel time to care with poor survival in patients with colorectal cancer. Methods This is a data-linkage study of all 3718 patients with colorectal cancer, diagnosed between 2007 and 2013 in Northern Sweden, one of the most sparsely populated areas in Europe. Travel time to nearest hospital was calculated based on GPS coordinates and multivariable Cox regression was used to analyse possible associations between travel time and cause-specific survival. Results No association between travel time and survival was observed, either in univariable analysis (colon HR 1.00 [95% CI 0.998–1.003]; rectal HR 0.998; [95% CI 0.995–1.002]) or in multivariable Cox regression analysis (colon HR 0.999 [95% CI 0.997–1.002]; rectal HR 0.997 [95% CI 0.992–1.002]). Conclusions In contrast to most other studies, no association between travel time and colorectal cancer survival was found; despite that longer travel time was associated with known risk factors for poorer outcome. In the Swedish health care setting, travel time does not appear to represent a barrier to care or to negatively influence outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olle Sjöström
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Anna M. Dahlin
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Gustav Silander
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ingvar Syk
- Department of Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Beatrice Melin
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Pesola F, Eloranta S, Martling A, Saraste D, Smedby KE. Family history of colorectal cancer and survival: a Swedish population-based study. J Intern Med 2020; 287:723-733. [PMID: 32012369 PMCID: PMC7318575 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A family history of colorectal cancer (CRC) is an established risk factor for developing CRC, whilst the impact of family history on prognosis is unclear. The present study assessed the association between family history and prognosis and, based on current evidence, explored whether this association was modified by age at diagnosis. METHODS Using data from the Swedish Colorectal Cancer Registry (SCRCR) linked with the Multigeneration Register and the National Cancer Register, we identified 31 801 patients with a CRC diagnosed between 2007 and 2016. The SCRCR is a clinically rich database which includes information on the cancer stage, grade, location, treatment, complications and postoperative follow-up. RESULTS We estimated excess mortality rate ratios (EMRR) for relative survival and hazard ratios (HR) for disease-free survival with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using flexible parametric models. We found no association between family history and relative survival (EMRR = 0.96, 95% CIs: 0.89-1.03, P = 0.21) or disease-free survival (HR = 0.98, 95% CIs: 0.91-1.06, P = 0.64). However, age was found to modify the impact of family history on prognosis. Young patients (<50 at diagnosis) with a positive family history had less advanced (i.e. stages I and II) cancers than those with no family history (OR = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.56-0.89, P = 0.004) and lower excess mortality even after adjusting for cancer stage (EMMR = 0.63, 95% CIs: 0.47-0.84, P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that young individuals with a family history of CRC may have greater health awareness, attend opportunistic screening and adopt lifestyle changes, leading to earlier diagnosis and better prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Pesola
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical SciencesKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - S. Eloranta
- Department of Medicine SolnaDivision of Clinical EpidemiologyKarolinska Institutet and Karolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
| | - A. Martling
- Department of Molecular Medicine and SurgeryKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - D. Saraste
- Department of Molecular Medicine and SurgeryKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - K. E. Smedby
- Department of Medicine SolnaDivision of Clinical EpidemiologyKarolinska Institutet and Karolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
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Agger EA, Jörgren FH, Lydrup MLA, Buchwald PL. Risk of local recurrence of rectal cancer and circumferential resection margin: population-based cohort study. Br J Surg 2020; 107:580-585. [DOI: 10.1002/bjs.11478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
A circumferential resection margin (CRM) of 1·0 mm or less after rectal cancer surgery is thought to increase the risk of local recurrence (LR). This retrospective population-based study examined how CRM distance affects the LR risk.
Methods
Data from the Swedish Colorectal Cancer Registry were used in a retrospective analysis of rectal cancers resected between 2005 and 2013. The primary endpoint was LR.
Results
A total of 12 146 patients were identified, of whom 8392 were included in the analysis; 739 patients had a CRM of 1·0 mm or less and 7653 had a CRM larger than 1·0 mm. The mean follow-up time was 51 months. There were 66 LRs (8·9 per cent) in the group with a CRM of 1·0 mm or less, and 256 (3·3 per cent) among patients with a CRM larger than 1·0 mm. The LR rate was 17·0 per cent (27 of 159), 6·7 per cent (39 of 580), 1·9 per cent (2 of 103) and 3·4 per cent (254 of 7550) when the CRM was 0, 0·1–1·0, 1·1–1·9 and at least 2·0 mm respectively. The risk of LR among patients with a CRM of 0 mm was higher than that in all other subgroups with a larger CRM (P < 0·050). There was no difference in LR between the subgroups with CRM 1·1–1·9 mm and at least 2·0 mm. LR was diagnosed earlier when the CRM was 1·0 mm or less.
Conclusion
LR risk is related to exact CRM, with the highest risk in patients with a CRM of 0 mm. Close monitoring of patients with no measurable clear margin may allow early detection of LR.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Agger
- Department of Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - F H Jörgren
- Department of Surgery, Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - M-L A Lydrup
- Department of Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - P L Buchwald
- Department of Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Tinguely P, Dal G, Bottai M, Nilsson H, Freedman J, Engstrand J. Microwave ablation versus resection for colorectal cancer liver metastases – A propensity score analysis from a population-based nationwide registry. Eur J Surg Oncol 2020; 46:476-485. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2019.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Osterman E, Mezheyeuski A, Sjöblom T, Glimelius B. Beyond the NCCN Risk Factors in Colon Cancer: An Evaluation in a Swedish Population-Based Cohort. Ann Surg Oncol 2020; 27:1036-1045. [PMID: 31893351 PMCID: PMC7060230 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-019-08148-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Background The purpose of this study was to investigate whether pT3–4 and pN-subclassifications, lymph-node ratio (LNR), tumour deposits, pre- and postoperative carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and C-reactive protein (CRP)—all parameters commonly collected in clinical management—add information about recurrence risk against a background of routine clinicopathological parameters as defined by the NCCN. Methods The prospective cohort consisted of all 416 patients diagnosed with colon cancer stage I–III in Uppsala County between 2010 and 2015. Cox proportional hazard models were used to calculate hazard ratios for time to recurrence and overall survival. The results were compared with the entire Swedish population concerning parameters recorded in the national quality registry, SCRCR, during the same time period. Results The Uppsala cohort was representative of the entire Swedish cohort. In unadjusted analyses, pT3-subclassification, pN-subclassification, LNR, tumour deposits, elevated postoperative CEA, and preoperative CRP correlated with recurrence. After adjusting for T-, N-stage, and NCCN risk factors, pN-subclassification, sidedness, and elevated postoperative CEA levels correlated with recurrence. Survival correlated with parameters associated with recurrence, LNR, and elevated postoperative CRP. Conclusions Additional information on recurrence risk is available from several routinely recorded parameters, but most of the risk is predicted by the commonly used clinicopathological parameters. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1245/s10434-019-08148-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Osterman
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden. .,Department of Surgery, Gävle Hospital, Gävle, Sweden.
| | - Artur Mezheyeuski
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tobias Sjöblom
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Bengt Glimelius
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Oncology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
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Engstrand J, Strömberg C, Nilsson H, Freedman J, Jonas E. Synchronous and metachronous liver metastases in patients with colorectal cancer-towards a clinically relevant definition. World J Surg Oncol 2019; 17:228. [PMID: 31878952 PMCID: PMC6933908 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-019-1771-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Approximately 25% of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) will have liver metastases classified as synchronous or metachronous. There is no consensus on the defining time point for synchronous/metachronous, and the prognostic implications thereof remain unclear. The aim of the study was to assess the prognostic value of differential detection at various defining time points in a population-based patient cohort and conduct a literature review of the topic. Methods All patients diagnosed with CRC in the counties of Stockholm and Gotland, Sweden, during 2008 were included in the study and followed for 5 years or until death to identify patients diagnosed with liver metastases. Patients with liver metastases were followed from time of diagnosis of liver metastases for at least 5 years or until death. Different time points defining synchronous/metachronous detection, as reported in the literature and identified in a literature search of databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane library), were applied to the cohort, and overall survival was calculated using Kaplan-Meier curves and compared with log-rank test. The influence of synchronously or metachronously detected liver metastases on disease-free and overall survival as reported in articles forthcoming from the literature search was also assessed. Results Liver metastases were diagnosed in 272/1026 patients with CRC (26.5%). No statistically significant difference in overall survival for synchronous vs. metachronous detection at any of the defining time points (CRC diagnosis/surgery and 3, 6 and 12 months post-diagnosis/surgery) was demonstrated for operated or non-operated patients. In the literature search, 41 publications met the inclusion criteria. No clear pattern emerged regarding the prognostic significance of synchronous vs. metachronous detection. Conclusion Synchronous vs. metachronous detection of CRC liver metastases lacks prognostic value. Using primary tumour diagnosis/operation as standardized cut-off point to define synchronous/metachronous detection is semantically correct. In synchronous detection, it defines a clinically relevant group of patients where individualized multimodality treatment protocols will apply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennie Engstrand
- Division of Surgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Danderyd Hospital, 182 88, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Cecilia Strömberg
- Division of Surgery, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Henrik Nilsson
- Division of Surgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Danderyd Hospital, 182 88, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jacob Freedman
- Division of Surgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Danderyd Hospital, 182 88, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eduard Jonas
- Division of Surgery, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Surgical Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Surgery, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town Health Sciences Faculty, Cape Town, South Africa
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Bergvall M, Skullman S, Kodeda K, Larsson P. Better survival for patients with colon cancer operated on by specialized colorectal surgeons - a nationwide population-based study in Sweden 2007-2010. Colorectal Dis 2019; 21:1379-1386. [PMID: 31293019 PMCID: PMC6916325 DOI: 10.1111/codi.14760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIM Mortality and complication rates after surgery for colon cancer are high, especially after emergency procedures. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the importance of the formal competence of surgeons for survival and morbidity. METHOD The Swedish Colorectal Cancer Registry prospectively records data on patients diagnosed with cancer within the colon and rectum. A cohort of patients operated on for colon cancer between 2007 and 2010 were followed 5 years after surgery. Data on postoperative morbidity, mortality and long-term survival were compared with regard to formal competency of the most senior surgeon attending the procedure. RESULTS This analysis includes 13 365 patients operated on for colon cancer, including 10 434 elective procedures and 2931 emergency cases. The overall 5-year survival was higher for those operated on by subspecialist colorectal surgeons compared with general surgeons (60% vs 48%; P < 0.001). Five-year survival after elective surgery was 63% vs 55% (P < 0.001) and 35% vs 31% (P < 0.05) after emergency procedures when performed by colorectal surgeons compared with general surgeons. Postoperative 30-day mortality was 3% after surgery performed by colorectal surgeons compared with 7% when performed by general surgeons. Mortality at 90 days was 6% after surgery performed by colorectal surgeons compared with 11% for patients operated on by general surgeons (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Subspecialization in colorectal surgery is associated with better outcome for patients operated on for colon cancer, and effort should be made to increase the availability of colorectal surgeons for both acute and elective colon cancer surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Bergvall
- Department of SurgerySkaraborgs Sjukhus Research CentreSkaraborgs Sjukhus SkövdeSkövdeSweden
| | - S. Skullman
- Department of SurgerySkaraborgs Sjukhus Research CentreSkaraborgs Sjukhus SkövdeSkövdeSweden
| | - K. Kodeda
- Department of SurgeryTaranaki Base HospitalNew PlymouthNew Zealand,Sahlgrenska AcademyGothenburg UniversityGothenburgSweden
| | - P.‐A. Larsson
- Department of SurgerySkaraborgs Sjukhus SkövdeSkövdeSweden,Department of Clinical SciencesLund UniversityLundSweden
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Manceau G, Voron T, Mege D, Bridoux V, Lakkis Z, Venara A, Beyer-Berjot L, Abdalla S, Sielezneff I, Lefèvre JH, Karoui M. Prognostic factors and patterns of recurrence after emergency management for obstructing colon cancer: multivariate analysis from a series of 2120 patients. Langenbecks Arch Surg 2019; 404:717-729. [PMID: 31602503 DOI: 10.1007/s00423-019-01819-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE At equal TNM stage, obstructing colon cancer (OCC) is associated with worse prognosis in comparison with uncomplicated cancer. Our aim was to identify prognostic factors of overall (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) in patients treated for OCC. METHODS From 2000 to 2015, 2325 patients were treated for OCC in French surgical centers, members of the French National Surgical Association (AFC). Patients with palliative management were excluded. The main endpoints were OS and DFS. A multivariate analysis, using Cox proportional hazards regression model, was performed to determine independent prognostic factors. RESULTS The cohort included 2120 patients. The median of follow-up was 13.2 months. In multivariate analysis, age > 75 years, ASA score ≥ 3, ECOG score ≥ 3, right-sided colon cancer, presence of synchronous metastases, anastomotic leakage, and absence of adjuvant chemotherapy were independent OS factors. Age > 75 years, ASA score ≥ 3, right-sided colon cancer, presence of synchronous metastases, and absence of postoperative chemotherapy were independent factors of poor OS after exclusion of patients who died postoperatively. Age ≥ 75 years, ASA score ≥ 3, ECOG score ≥ 3, right-sided colon cancer, lymph node involvement, presence of vascular, lymphatic or perineural invasion, less than 12 harvested lymph nodes, and absence of adjuvant chemotherapy were independent DFS factors. CONCLUSIONS Management of OCC should take into account prognostic factors related to the patient (age, comorbidities), tumor location, and tumor stage. Adjuvant chemotherapy administration plays an important role. For patients undergoing initial defunctionning stoma, neoadjuvant chemotherapy could be an option to improve prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles Manceau
- Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Department of Digestive Surgery, Pitié Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Thibault Voron
- Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Saint Antoine University Hospital, Department of Digestive Surgery, Paris, France
| | - Diane Mege
- Timone University Hospital, Department of Digestive Surgery, Marseille, France
| | - Valérie Bridoux
- Charles Nicolle University Hospital, Department of Digestive Surgery, Rouen, France
| | - Zaher Lakkis
- Besançon University Hospital, Department of Digestive Surgery, Besançon, France
| | - Aurélien Venara
- Angers University Hospital, Department of Digestive Surgery, Angers, France
| | - Laura Beyer-Berjot
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, North University Hospital, Department of Digestive Surgery, Marseille, France
| | - Solafah Abdalla
- Université Paris-Sud, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Bicêtre University Hospital, Department of Digestive Surgery, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Igor Sielezneff
- Timone University Hospital, Department of Digestive Surgery, Marseille, France
| | - Jeremie H Lefèvre
- Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Saint Antoine University Hospital, Department of Digestive Surgery, Paris, France
| | - Mehdi Karoui
- Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Department of Digestive Surgery, Pitié Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France.
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Emergency Surgery for Obstructive Colon Cancer in Elderly Patients: Results of a Multicentric Cohort of the French National Surgical Association. Dis Colon Rectum 2019; 62:941-951. [PMID: 31283592 DOI: 10.1097/dcr.0000000000001421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although elderly patients constitute most of the patients undergoing surgery for obstructed colon cancer, available data in the literature are very limited. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to assess the management and outcomes of elderly patients treated for obstructed colon cancer. DESIGN This was a multicenter, retrospective cohort study. SETTINGS Between 2000 and 2015, 2325 patients managed for an obstructed colon cancer in member centers of the French National Surgical Association were identified. Data were collected by each center on a voluntary basis after institutional approval. Bowel obstruction was defined clinically and confirmed by imaging. PATIENTS Three age groups were defined, including patients <75 years, 75 to 84 years, and ≥85 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Postoperative and oncologic results in elderly patients with an obstructed colon cancer were measured. Relative survival was calculated as the ratio of the overall survival with the survival that would have been expected based on the corresponding general population. INTERVENTIONS A total of 302 patients (13%) underwent colonic stent insertion, and 1992 (87%) underwent surgery as emergency procedure. RESULTS A total of 2294 patients were analyzed (<75 y, n = 1200 (52%); 75-84 y, n = 650 (28%); and ≥85 y, n = 444 (20%)). Elderly patients were more likely to be women (p < 0.0001), to have proximal colon cancer (p < 0.0001), and to have a higher incidence of comorbidities (p < 0.0001). The use of colonic stent or the type of surgery was identical regardless of age. In patients with resected colon cancer, elderly patients had less stage IV disease (p < 0.0001). The absence of tumor resection (p < 0.0001) and definitive stoma rate increased with age (p < 0.0001). Postoperative mortality and morbidity were significantly higher in elderly patients (p < 0.0001), but surgical morbidity was similar across age groups (p = 0.60). Postoperative morbidity was correlated to the 6-month mortality rate in elderly (p < 0.0001). Overall and disease-free survivals were significantly lower in more elderly patients (p < 0.0001) but relative survival was not (p = 0.09). LIMITATIONS It is quite difficult to know how to interpret these data as a whole, given the inherent bias in the study population, lack of ability to stratify by performance status, and long study period duration. CONCLUSIONS Elderly patients have high morbidity with lower survival in the highest age ranges of elderly subgroups. These data should be considered when deciding on an operative approach. See Video Abstract at http://links.lww.com/DCR/A964.
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Manceau G, Mege D, Bridoux V, Lakkis Z, Venara A, Voron T, De Angelis N, Ouaissi M, Sielezneff I, Karoui M, Dazza M, Gagnat G, Hamel S, Mallet L, Martre P, Philouze G, Roussel E, Tortajada P, Dumaine AS, Heyd B, Paquette B, Brunetti F, Esposito F, Lizzi V, Michot N, Denost Q, Tresallet C, Tetard O, Regimbeau JM, Sabbagh C, Rivier P, Fayssal E, Collard M, Moszkowicz D, Peschaud F, Etienne JC, loge L, Beyer L, Bege T, Corte H, D'Annunzio E, Humeau M, Issard J, Munoz N, Abba J, Jafar Y, Lacaze L, Sage PY, Susoko L, Trilling B, Arvieux C, Mauvais F, Ulloa‐Severino B, Lefevre JH, Pitel S, Vauchaussade de Chaumont A, Badic B, Blanc B, Bert M, Rat P, Ortega‐Deballon P, Chau A, Dejeante C, Piessen G, Grégoire E, Alfarai A, Cabau M, David A, Kadoche D, Dufour F, Goin G, Goudard Y, Pauleau G, Sockeel P, De la Villeon B, Pautrat K, Eveno C, Brouquet A, Couchard AC, Balbo G, Mabrut JY, Bellinger J, Bertrand M, Aumont A, Duchalais E, Messière AS, Tranchart A, Cazauran JB, Pichot‐Delahaye V, Dubuisson V, Maggiori L, Djawad‐Boumediene B, Fuks D, Kahn X, Huart E, Catheline JM, Lailler G, Baraket O, Baque P, Diaz de Cerio JM, Mariol P, Maes B, Fernoux P, Guillem P, Chatelain E, de Saint Roman C, Fixot K. Thirty-day mortality after emergency surgery for obstructing colon cancer: survey and dedicated score from the French Surgical Association. Colorectal Dis 2019; 21:782-790. [PMID: 30884089 DOI: 10.1111/codi.14614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim was to define risk factors for postoperative mortality in patients undergoing emergency surgery for obstructing colon cancer (OCC) and to propose a dedicated score. METHOD From 2000 to 2015, 2325 patients were treated for OCC in French surgical centres by members of the French National Surgical Association. A multivariate analysis was performed for variables with P value ≤ 0.20 in the univariate analysis for 30-day mortality. Predictive performance was assessed by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. RESULTS A total of 1983 patients were included. Thirty-day postoperative mortality was 7%. Multivariate analysis found five significant independent risk factors: age ≥ 75 (P = 0.013), American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score ≥ III (P = 0.027), pulmonary comorbidity (P = 0.0002), right-sided cancer (P = 0.047) and haemodynamic failure (P < 0.0001). The odds ratio for risk of postoperative death was 3.42 with one factor, 5.80 with two factors, 15.73 with three factors, 29.23 with four factors and 77.25 with five factors. The discriminating capacity in predicting 30-day postoperative mortality was 0.80. CONCLUSION Thirty-day postoperative mortality after emergency surgery for OCC is correlated with age, ASA score, pulmonary comorbidity, site of tumour and haemodynamic failure, with a specific score ranging from 0 to 5.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Manceau
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - D Mege
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Timone University Hospital, Marseille, France
| | - V Bridoux
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Charles Nicolle University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Z Lakkis
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Besançon University Hospital, Besançon, France
| | - A Venara
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Angers University Hospital, Angers, France
| | - T Voron
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Saint Antoine Hospital, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - N De Angelis
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Henri Mondor Hospital, Université Paris-Est (UEP), Créteil, France
| | - M Ouaissi
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Tours University Hospital, Tours, France
| | - I Sielezneff
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Timone University Hospital, Marseille, France
| | - M Karoui
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
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Parastomal hernias causing symptoms or requiring surgical repair after colorectal cancer surgery-a national population-based cohort study. Int J Colorectal Dis 2019; 34:1267-1272. [PMID: 31147771 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-019-03292-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Parastomal hernia is a complication with high morbidity that affects the patient's quality of life. The aim of this study was to assess the cumulative incidence of parastomal hernia in patients who have undergone colorectal cancer surgery and to identify potential risk factors that could predispose to the development of this type of hernia in a large population-based cohort over a long follow-up period. METHODS The Swedish Colorectal Cancer Registry and the National Patient Register were used to collect study cohort data between January 2007 and September 2013. All patients undergoing colorectal cancer surgery including a permanent stoma were included in the study group. RESULTS A total of 39,984 patients were registered during the study period. Of these, 7649 received a permanent stoma. Multivariate proportional hazard analysis, based on 6329 patients for whom all covariates could be retrieved, showed that the only independent risk factor for developing a parastomal hernia was BMI ≥ 30 (HR 1.49; 95% CI 1.02-2.17; p < 0.037). A slightly elevated hazard ratio was found for preoperative radiotherapy (HR 1.36; 95% CI 0.96-1.91; p < 0.070). The cumulative incidence of patients diagnosed or surgically treated for parastomal hernia over a follow-up period of 5 years was 7.7% (95% CI 6.1-9.2%). CONCLUSIONS The cumulative incidence of parastomal hernia causing symptoms or requiring surgery after 5 years was at least 7.7%. Obesity increases the risk of developing parastomal hernia.
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Osagiede O, Spaulding AC, Cochuyt JJ, Naessens JM, Merchea A, Crandall M, Colibaseanu DT. Factors Associated With Minimally Invasive Surgery for Colorectal Cancer in Emergency Settings. J Surg Res 2019; 243:75-82. [PMID: 31158727 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2019.04.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) is associated with improved colorectal cancer (CRC) outcomes, but it is used less frequently in emergency settings. We aimed to assess patient-level factors associated with emergency presentation for CRC and the use of MIS in emergency versus elective settings. METHODS This retrospective study examined the clinical data of patients who underwent emergency and elective resections for CRC from 2013 to 2015 using the Florida Inpatient Discharge Dataset. Multivariable analyses were performed to assess differences in gender, age, race, urbanization, region, insurance, and clinical characteristics associated with mode of presentation and surgical approach. In-hospital mortality and length of stay by mode of presentation were recorded. RESULTS Of 16,277 patients identified, 10,224 (61%) had elective surgery and 6503 (39%) had emergency surgery. Emergency presentations were more likely to be black (14.2% versus 9.5%), Hispanic (18.9% versus 15.4%), Medicaid-insured (9.7% versus 4.2%), and have metastatic cancer (34.4% versus 20.2%) or multiple comorbidities (12.6% versus 4.0%). MIS was the surgical approach in 31.8% of emergency cases versus 48.1% of elective cases. Factors associated with lower odds of MIS for emergencies include Medicaid (odds ratio (OR) 0.79, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.63-0.99), metastases (OR 0.56, CI 0.5-0.63), and multiple comorbidities (OR 0.53, CI 0.4-0.7). Emergency cases experienced higher in-hospital mortality (3.7% versus 1.0%) and a longer median length of stay (10 d versus 5 d). CONCLUSIONS Emergency CRC presentations are associated with racial minorities, Medicaid insurance, metastatic disease, and multiple comorbidities. Odds of MIS in emergency settings are lowest for patients with Medicaid insurance and highest clinical disease burden.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aaron C Spaulding
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Jordan J Cochuyt
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - James M Naessens
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Amit Merchea
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Marie Crandall
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Jacksonville, Florida
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Long distance to hospital is not a risk factor for non-reversal of a defunctioning stoma. Int J Colorectal Dis 2019; 34:993-1000. [PMID: 30747282 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-019-03258-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To see if road distance to hospital influences stoma reversal rate, time from index operation to stoma reversal, and occurrence of permanent stoma. METHODS Data from all diagnosed cases of rectal cancer from three counties in northern Sweden were extracted from the Swedish Rectal Cancer Registry. The three counties are sparsely populated, with a population density roughly one fifth the average density in Sweden. Distances to nearest, operating, and largest hospital were obtained using Google Maps™. Matched data on socioeconomic variables were retrieved from Statistics Sweden. RESULTS In univariate logistic regression analysis, patients living closer to the operating hospital had a higher likelihood of non-reversal than those living farther away (OR 0.3; 95% CI 0.12-0.76). However, no difference was seen in the multivariate analysis. Of the 717 cases included, 54% received a permanent stoma and 38% a defunctioning stoma at index surgery. The reversal rate of a defunctioning stoma was 83%. At follow-up, 61% still had a stoma, 89% of these were permanent, and 11% non-reversed defunctioning stomas. Median time to stoma reversal was 287 days (82-1557 days). Of all 227 stoma reversals, 77% were done more than 6 months after index surgery. CONCLUSIONS Longer distance to hospital is not a risk factor for non-reversal of a defunctioning stoma. Only 23% had their defunctioning stoma reversed within 6 months after index surgery. Future studies aiming to determine reversal rate need to extend their follow-up time in order to receive accurate results.
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Vermeer NCA, Backes Y, Snijders HS, Bastiaannet E, Liefers GJ, Moons LMG, van de Velde CJH, Peeters KCMJ. National cohort study on postoperative risks after surgery for submucosal invasive colorectal cancer. BJS Open 2018; 3:210-217. [PMID: 30957069 PMCID: PMC6433330 DOI: 10.1002/bjs5.50125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The decision to perform surgery for patients with T1 colorectal cancer hinges on the estimated risk of lymph node metastasis, residual tumour and risks of surgery. The aim of this observational study was to compare surgical outcomes for T1 colorectal cancer with those for more advanced colorectal cancer. Methods This was a population‐based cohort study of patients treated surgically for pT1–3 colorectal cancer between 2009 and 2016, using data from the Dutch ColoRectal Audit. Postoperative complications (overall, surgical, severe complications and mortality) were compared using multivariable logistic regression. A risk stratification table was developed based on factors independently associated with severe complications (reintervention and/or mortality) after elective surgery. Results Of 39 813 patients, 5170 had pT1 colorectal cancer. No statistically significant differences were observed between patients with pT1 and pT2–3 disease in the rate of severe complications (8·3 versus 9·5 per cent respectively; odds ratio (OR) 0·89, 95 per cent c.i. 0·80 to 1·01, P = 0·061), surgical complications (12·6 versus 13·5 per cent; OR 0·93, 0·84 to 1·02, P = 0·119) or mortality (1·7 versus 2·5 per cent; OR 0·94, 0·74 to 1·19, P = 0·604). Male sex, higher ASA grade, previous abdominal surgery, open approach and type of procedure were associated with a higher severe complication rate in patients with pT1 colorectal cancer. Conclusion Elective bowel resection was associated with similar morbidity and mortality rates in patients with pT1 and those with pT2–3 colorectal carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- N C A Vermeer
- Department of Surgery Leiden University Medical Centre Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Y Backes
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Medical Centre Utrecht Utrecht The Netherlands.,Department of Hepatology, University Medical Centre Utrecht Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - H S Snijders
- Department of Surgery, Groene Hart Ziekenhuis Gouda The Netherlands
| | - E Bastiaannet
- Department of Surgery Leiden University Medical Centre Leiden The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Centre Leiden The Netherlands
| | - G J Liefers
- Department of Surgery Leiden University Medical Centre Leiden The Netherlands
| | - L M G Moons
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Medical Centre Utrecht Utrecht The Netherlands.,Department of Hepatology, University Medical Centre Utrecht Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - C J H van de Velde
- Department of Surgery Leiden University Medical Centre Leiden The Netherlands
| | - K C M J Peeters
- Department of Surgery Leiden University Medical Centre Leiden The Netherlands
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Moberger P, Sköldberg F, Birgisson H. Evaluation of the Swedish Colorectal Cancer Registry: an overview of completeness, timeliness, comparability and validity. Acta Oncol 2018; 57:1611-1621. [PMID: 30477372 DOI: 10.1080/0284186x.2018.1529425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Swedish Colorectal Cancer Registry (SCRCR) is a national registry established in 1995 for rectal cancer, and also including colon cancer since 2007. Knowledge of the quality of the registry is vital in order to draw correct conclusions from studies based on the registry. The aim of this study was to assess the completeness, timeliness, comparability and validity of the SCRCR. MATERIAL AND METHODS Completeness, timeliness and comparability of the registry were estimated. From the SCRCR year 2008, 500 cases were randomly selected to examine the validity of the registry and 486 cases were retrieved. Using hospital patient records as source documents, 130 variables in the SCRCR were reabstracted using the SCRCR registration forms and then compared with the original files. RESULT During the period 2008-2015, the average completeness of the SCRCR was 98.5% for colon cancer and 98.8% for rectal cancer. Timeliness improved between the years 2008 and 2015, with 98% of the patients registered within 12 months for the year 2015. For most of the variables, comparability was estimated to be reproducible and comparable with other registries. Regarding the validity of the registry, when comparing reabstracted data with the original SCRCR data, average agreement was 90%. CONCLUSION The SCRCR can be considered a reliable registry useful for quality assurance and research. Standardization and improvements in journal documentation are needed to improve future evaluation of the source documents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Moberger
- 1Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Filip Sköldberg
- 1Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Helgi Birgisson
- 1Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Sjöström O, Silander G, Syk I, Henriksson R, Melin B, Hellquist BN. Disparities in colorectal cancer between Northern and SouthernSweden - a report from the new RISK North database. Acta Oncol 2018; 57:1622-1630. [PMID: 30280619 DOI: 10.1080/0284186x.2018.1497300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Geographic cancer health disparities have been reported in Sweden. The disparities are not fully understood, but may be attributed to differences in exposure to risk factors as well as differences in health care, socioeconomics and demography. The aim of this study was to describe the new nationwide population based RISK North database and its potential by analysing health disparities in colorectal cancer between Northern and Southern Sweden. METHODS Cancer-specific data from the National Cancer Quality Registers for colorectal, gastric and oesophageal cancer and brain tumours were linked to several nationwide registers hereby creating a new database - RISK North. To exemplify the potential of RISK North, we analyzed differences in colorectal cancer incidence, mortality and survival in relation to gender, age, cohabitation and education between Northern and Southern Sweden 2007-2013. RESULTS In colon cancer, the age-adjusted incidence per 100.000 was lower in Northern than Southern Sweden, 35.9 in the North vs. 41.1 in the South (p < .01); mortality rates were 11.0 vs. 12.2 (p < .01). For rectal cancer, incidence rates were 17.6 vs. 19.7 (p < .01) and mortality rates 5.33 vs. 5.89 (p = .07), respectively. The largest difference in incidence was demonstrated for colon cancer among individuals >79 years old (190. vs. 237, i.e., ∼20%). Survival in colon cancer was higher in Southern Sweden, HR 0.92 (0.87-0.98) adjusted for age, gender, co-habiting, education and m-stage at diagnosis. No difference in survival was seen for rectal cancer. CONCLUSIONS The new RISK North database enabled analysis of cancer disparities between Northern and Southern Sweden. The incidence of colorectal cancer were lower in the North of Sweden whereas colon cancer survival was higher in the South. These differences can be further analysed utilising the RISK North database.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olof Sjöström
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Gustav Silander
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ingvar Syk
- Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Roger Henriksson
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Beatrice Melin
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Flor N, Zanchetta E, Di Leo G, Mezzanzanica M, Greco M, Carrafiello G, Sardanelli F. Synchronous colorectal cancer using CT colonography vs. other means: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2018; 43:3241-3249. [PMID: 29948053 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-018-1658-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of our study was to systematically review the evidence about synchronous colorectal cancer diagnosed with or without computed tomography colonography (CTC). MATERIALS AND METHODS Two systematic searches were performed (PubMed and EMBASE) for studies reporting the prevalence of synchronous colorectal cancer (CRC): one considering patients who underwent CTC and the another one considering patients who did not undergo CTC. A three-level analysis was performed to determine the prevalence of patients with synchronous CRC in both groups of studies. Heterogeneity was explored for multiple variables. Pooled prevalence and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated. A quality assessment (STROBE) was done for the studies. RESULTS For CTC studies, among 2645 articles initially found, 21 including 1673 patients, published from 1997 to 2018, met the inclusion criteria. For non-CTC studies, among 6192 articles initially found, 27 including 111,873 patients published from 1974 to 2015 met the inclusion criteria. The pooled synchronous CRC prevalence was 5.7% (95% CI 4.7%-7.1%) for CTC studies, and 3.9% (95% CI 3.3%-4.4%) for non-CTC studies, with a significant difference (p = 0.004). A low heterogeneity was found for the CTC group (I2 = 10.3%), whereas a high heterogeneity was found in the non-CTC group of studies (I2 = 93.5%), and no significant explanatory variables were found. Of the 22 STROBE items, a mean of 18 (82%) was fulfilled by CTC studies, and a mean of 16 (73%) by non-CTC studies. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of synchronous CRC was about 4-6%. The introduction of CTC is associated with a significant increase of the prevalence of synchronous CRCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Flor
- Unità Operativa di Radiologia Diagnostica e Interventistica, Azienda Servizi Socio Territoriali Santi Paolo e Carlo, Presidio San Paolo, Via di Rudinì 8, 20142, Milan, Italy.
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via di Rudinì 8, 20142, Milan, Italy.
| | - Edoardo Zanchetta
- Postgraduation School in Radiodiagnostics, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Festa del Perdono 7, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Di Leo
- Unità di Radiologia, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche della Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Piazza E. Malan, 20097, San Donato Milanese, Italy
| | - Miriam Mezzanzanica
- Postgraduation School in Radiodiagnostics, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Festa del Perdono 7, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Greco
- Postgraduation School in Radiodiagnostics, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Festa del Perdono 7, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianpaolo Carrafiello
- Unità Operativa di Radiologia Diagnostica e Interventistica, Azienda Servizi Socio Territoriali Santi Paolo e Carlo, Presidio San Paolo, Via di Rudinì 8, 20142, Milan, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via di Rudinì 8, 20142, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Sardanelli
- Unità di Radiologia, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche della Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Piazza E. Malan, 20097, San Donato Milanese, Italy
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46
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Recurrence Risk After Up-to-Date Colon Cancer Staging, Surgery, and Pathology: Analysis of the Entire Swedish Population. Dis Colon Rectum 2018; 61:1016-1025. [PMID: 30086050 DOI: 10.1097/dcr.0000000000001158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Developments in the quality of care of patients with colon cancer have improved surgical outcome and thus the need for adjuvant chemotherapy. OBJECTIVE To investigate the recurrence rate in a large population-based cohort after modern staging, surgery, and pathology have been implemented. DESIGN This was a retrospective registry study. SETTINGS Data from patients included in the Swedish Colorectal Cancer Registry covering 99% of all cases and undergoing surgery for colon cancer stages I to III between 2007 and 2012 were obtained. PATIENTS In total, 14,325 patients who did not receive any neoadjuvant treatment, underwent radical surgery, and were alive 30 days after surgery were included. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Tumor and node classification and National Comprehensive Cancer Network-defined risk factors for recurrence were used to assess overall and stage-specific 5-year recurrence rates. RESULTS The median follow-up of nonrecurrent cases was 77 months (range, 47-118 mo). The 5-year recurrence rate was 5% in stage I, 12% in stage II, and 33% in stage III patients. In patients classified as having pT3N0 cancer with no or 1 risk factor, the 5-year recurrence rates were 9% and 11%. Risk factors for shorter time to recurrence were male sex, more advanced pT and pN classification, vascular and perineural invasion, emergency surgery, lack of central ligature, short longitudinal resection margin, postoperative complications, and, in stage III, no adjuvant chemotherapy. LIMITATIONS The registry does not contain some recently identified factors of relevance for recurrence rates, and some late recurrences may be missing. CONCLUSIONS The recurrence rate is less than that previously observed in historical materials, but current, commonly used risk factors are still useful in evaluating recurrence risks. Stratification by pT and pN classification and the number of risk factors enables the identification of large patient groups characterized by such a low recurrence rate that it is questionable whether adjuvant treatment is motivated. See Video Abstract at http://links.lww.com/DCR/A663.
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Valdimarsson VT, Syk I, Lindell G, Norén A, Isaksson B, Sandström P, Rizell M, Ardnor B, Sturesson C. Outcomes of liver-first strategy and classical strategy for synchronous colorectal liver metastases in Sweden. HPB (Oxford) 2018; 20:441-447. [PMID: 29242035 DOI: 10.1016/j.hpb.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with synchronous colorectal liver metastases (sCRLM) are increasingly operated with liver resection before resection of the primary cancer. The aim of this study was to compare outcomes in patients following the liver-first strategy and the classical strategy (resection of the bowel first) using prospectively registered data from two nationwide registries. METHODS Clinical, pathological and survival outcomes were compared between the liver-first strategy and the classical strategy (2008-2015). Overall survival was calculated. RESULTS A total of 623 patients were identified, of which 246 were treated with the liver-first strategy and 377 with the classical strategy. The median follow-up was 40 months. Patients chosen for the classical strategy more often had T4 primary tumours (23% vs 14%, P = 0.012) and node-positive primaries (70 vs 61%, P = 0.015). The liver-first patients had a higher liver tumour burden score (4.1 (2.5-6.3) vs 3.6 (2.2-5.1), P = 0.003). No difference was seen in five-year overall survival between the groups (54% vs 49%, P = 0.344). A majority (59%) of patients with rectal cancer were treated with the liver-first strategy. CONCLUSION The liver-first strategy is currently the dominant strategy for sCRLM in patients with rectal cancer in Sweden. No difference in overall survival was noted between strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentinus T Valdimarsson
- Lund University, Skane University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Surgery, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ingvar Syk
- Lund University, Skane University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Surgery, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Gert Lindell
- Lund University, Skane University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Surgery, Lund, Sweden
| | - Agneta Norén
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Bengt Isaksson
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Division of Surgery, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Per Sandström
- Department of Surgery, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Magnus Rizell
- Department of Transplantation and Liver Surgery, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Bjarne Ardnor
- Department of Surgery, Umeå University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Christian Sturesson
- Lund University, Skane University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Surgery, Lund, Sweden; Division of Surgery, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden.
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48
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Smith A, Howell D, Crouch S, Painter D, Blase J, Wang HI, Hewison A, Bagguley T, Appleton S, Kinsey S, Burton C, Patmore R, Roman E. Cohort Profile: The Haematological Malignancy Research Network (HMRN): a UK population-based patient cohort. Int J Epidemiol 2018; 47:700-700g. [PMID: 29618056 PMCID: PMC6005016 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyy044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Debra Howell
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
| | - Simon Crouch
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
| | - Dan Painter
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
| | - John Blase
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
| | - Han-I Wang
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
| | - Ann Hewison
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
| | | | - Simon Appleton
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
| | - Sally Kinsey
- Paediatric Haematology and Oncology Unit, Leeds General Infirmary
| | - Cathy Burton
- St James's Institute of Oncology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Russell Patmore
- Queens Centre for Oncology, Castle Hill Hospital, Cottingham, UK
| | - Eve Roman
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
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49
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Risk factors for appendiceal and colorectal peritoneal metastases. Eur J Surg Oncol 2018; 44:997-1005. [PMID: 29576463 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2018.02.245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early diagnosis to target minimal volume disease has received increased attention in the management of appendiceal and colorectal peritoneal metastases (PM). This study aimed to identify risk factors for appendiceal, colon and rectal PM. METHODS Data were retrieved from the Swedish Colorectal Cancer Registry for all patients undergoing bowel resection of appendiceal and colorectal tumours, in Sweden, 2007-2015. Risk factors for synchronous and metachronous PM were analysed with multivariate logistic and Cox proportional hazard regression models. RESULTS Synchronous PM was most common in appendiceal cancer (23.5%), followed by colon (3.1%) and rectal (0.6%) cancer. The 5-year cumulative incidence was 9.0% for appendiceal, 2.5% for right colon, 1.8% for left colon and 1.2% for rectal cancer. In appendiceal cancer (n = 327), T4, N2, mucinous tumour, and non-radical surgery were associated with PM. In colon cancer (n = 24,399), synchronous PM were primarily associated with T4 (OR 18.37, 95% CI 8.12-41.53), T3 and N2 but also with N1, right-sided tumour, mucinous tumour, vascular and perineural invasion, female gender, age <60 and emergency surgery. These factors were also associated with metachronous PM. In rectal cancer (n = 10,394), T4 (OR 19.12, 95% CI 5.52-66.24), proximal tumour and mucinous tumour were associated with synchronous PM and T4 and mucinous tumour with metachronous PM. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that appendiceal cancer, right-sided colon cancer, advanced tumour and node stages and mucinous histopathology are the main high-risk features for PM and should increase the awareness of current or future PM.
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50
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Engstrand J, Nilsson H, Strömberg C, Jonas E, Freedman J. Colorectal cancer liver metastases - a population-based study on incidence, management and survival. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:78. [PMID: 29334918 PMCID: PMC5769309 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3925-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 486] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer-associated deaths with liver metastases developing in 25-30% of those affected. Previous data suggest a survival difference between right- and left-sided liver metastatic CRC, even though left-sided cancer has a higher incidence of liver metastases. The aim of the study was to describe the liver metastatic patterns and survival as a function of the characteristics of the primary tumour and different combinations of metastatic disease. METHODS A retrospective population-based study was performed on a cohort of patients diagnosed with CRC in the region of Stockholm, Sweden during 2008. Patients were identified through the Swedish National Quality Registry for Colorectal Cancer Treatment (SCRCR) and additional information on intra- and extra-hepatic metastatic pattern and treatment were retrieved from electronic patient records. Patients were followed for 5 years or until death. Factors influencing overall survival (OS) were investigated by means of Cox regression. OS was compared using Kaplan-Meier estimations and the log-rank test. RESULTS Liver metastases were diagnosed in 272/1026 (26.5%) patients within five years of diagnosis of the primary. Liver and lung metastases were more often diagnosed in left-sided colon cancer compared to right-sided cancer (28.4% versus 22.1%, p = 0.029 and 19.7% versus 13.2%, p = 0.010, respectively) but the extent of liver metastases were more extensive for right-sided cancer as compared to left-sided (p = 0.001). Liver metastatic left-sided cancer, including rectal cancer, was associated with a 44% decreased mortality risk compared to right-sided cancer (HR = 0.56, 95% CI: 0.39-0.79) with a 5-year OS of 16.6% versus 4.3% (p < 0.001). In liver metastatic CRC, the presence of lung metastases did not significantly influence OS as assessed by multivariate analysis (HR = 1.11, 95% CI: 0.80-1.53). CONCLUSION The worse survival in liver metastatic right-sided colon cancer could possibly be explained by the higher number of metastases, as well as more extensive segmental involvement compared with left-sided colon and rectal cancer, even though the latter had a higher incidence of liver metastases. Detailed population-based data on the metastatic pattern of CRC and survival could assist in more structured and individualized guidelines for follow-up of patients with CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennie Engstrand
- Division of Surgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institutet at Danderyd Hospital, 182 88, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Henrik Nilsson
- Division of Surgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institutet at Danderyd Hospital, 182 88, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Strömberg
- Division of Surgery, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eduard Jonas
- Division of Surgery, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.,Surgical Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Surgery, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town Health Sciences Faculty, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa
| | - Jacob Freedman
- Division of Surgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institutet at Danderyd Hospital, 182 88, Stockholm, Sweden
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