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Jeong SH, Jang JH, Lee GY, Yang SJ, Cho HY, Lee YB. Simultaneous determination of fourteen components of Gumiganghwal-tang tablet in human plasma by UPLC-ESI-MS/MS and its application to pharmacokinetic study. J Pharm Anal 2021; 11:444-457. [PMID: 34513120 PMCID: PMC8424372 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2020.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Gumiganghwal-tang is a traditional herbal medicine widely used for its anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic effects. However, the safety and efficacy of its active ingredients based on an in vivo pharmacokinetic (PK) study have yet been investigated. We have established a sensitive and accurate UPLC-ESI-MS/MS method and conducted a PK study on 14 constituents of Gumiganghwal-tang through human plasma analysis. Analytical conditions were optimized according to the physicochemical properties of the 14 compounds to facilitate efficient separation and eliminate overlap or interference between peaks. KINETEX-C18 and Inertsil-C8 columns were used as UPLC stationary phases, and acetonitrile and aqueous formic acid were used as mobile phases. All the analytes were quantified with a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer using electrospray ionization in multiple reaction monitoring mode. The chromatograms of 14 bioactive compounds showed excellent elution and sensitivity, and each peak was selectively separated and quantified without interference with each other or impurities. The established analytical method was based on international guidelines and was successfully used to perform PK studies of 14 herbal ingredients in humans after oral administration with Gumiganghwal-tang tablets. The oral absorption of most active components of Gumiganghwal-tang was relatively rapid and remained considerably long in the body to be quantified in plasma up to 48 h after administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Hyun Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hun Jang
- College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Guk-Yeo Lee
- National Development Institute of Korean Medicine, 288 Udeuraendeu-gil, Anyang-myeon, Jangheung-gun, Jeollanam-do, 59338, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Jung Yang
- Department of Oriental Rehabilitation Medicine, Dongshin University Gwangju Korean Medicine Hospital, 141 Wolsan-ro, Nam-gu, Gwangju, 61619, Republic of Korea
| | - Hea-Young Cho
- College of Pharmacy, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Bok Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
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2
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Ai X, Dong X, Guo Y, Yang P, Hou Y, Bai J, Zhang S, Wang X. Targeting P2 receptors in purinergic signaling: a new strategy of active ingredients in traditional Chinese herbals for diseases treatment. Purinergic Signal 2021; 17:229-240. [PMID: 33751327 PMCID: PMC8155138 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-021-09774-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and its metabolites adenosine diphosphate, adenosine monophosphate, and adenosine in purinergic signaling pathway play important roles in many diseases. Activation of P2 receptors (P2R) channels and subsequent membrane depolarization can induce accumulation of extracellular ATP, and furtherly cause kinds of diseases, such as pain- and immune-related diseases, cardiac dysfunction, and tumorigenesis. Active ingredients of traditional Chinese herbals which exhibit superior pharmacological activities on diversified P2R channels have been considered as an alternative strategy of disease treatment. Experimental evidence of potential ingredients in Chinese herbs targeting P2R and their pharmacological activities were outlined in the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Ai
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Chengdu Integrated TCM & Western Medicine Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Xing Dong
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Guo
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Peng Yang
- Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Ya Hou
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinrong Bai
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Sanyin Zhang
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
- Chengdu Integrated TCM & Western Medicine Hospital, Chengdu, China.
| | - Xiaobo Wang
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
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3
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Shen LJ, Luo KD, Wen XX, Wang SF, Fan XH. Systematic chemical characterization of Xiexin decoctions using high performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Chin J Nat Med 2021; 19:464-472. [PMID: 34092297 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(21)60045-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Xiexin decoctions (XXDs) display beneficial anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic effects, which raises interests on this group of formulae for broad clinical applications. However, there was no report about systematic analysis of XXDs to elucidate the constitution of chemical components, which hampers further investigations on the therapeutic values of XXDs. In this work, crude herbs were extracted and prepared to obtain the XXDs for systemic analysis on their chemical compositions, according to the information described in the ancient Zhang Zhongjing's herbal formulae. LC-MS analysis of five XXDs was carried out to facilitate recognition of the source herbs for compounds in the mixture. A total number of 93 compounds were identified through our methods and their chemical classes encompassed five major groups, including protoberberine alkaloids, flavonoids, stilbenes, anthraquinones and saponins. Our current work provided important information about material basis for pharmacological studies on XXDs and would help shed light on relationships between chemical compositions and therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Juan Shen
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ke-Di Luo
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xue-Xun Wen
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shu-Fang Wang
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Fan
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; State Key Laboratory of Component Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.
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4
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Jeong SH, Jang JH, Cho HY, Lee YB. Simultaneous determination of asarinin, β-eudesmol, and wogonin in rats using ultraperformance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and its application to pharmacokinetic studies following administration of standards and Gumiganghwal-tang. Biomed Chromatogr 2020; 35:e5021. [PMID: 33169364 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Asarinin, β-eudesmol, and wogonin have common antiangiogenic activities and have the potential for use in chemotherapy. Besides, they are multivalent substances that are combined in various herbal medicines. The purpose of this study was to develop a method for simultaneous analysis of asarinin, β-eudesmol, and wogonin, which are representative pharmacological components of Asarum heterotropoides, Atractylodes lancea, and Scutellaria baicalensis, respectively, in rat biosamples using ultraperformance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The three components were separated using 5 mm aqueous ammonium acetate containing 0.1% formic acid and acetonitrile as a mobile phase, equipped with a KINETEX core-shell C18 column. The analysis was quantitated on a triple-quadrupole mass-spectrometer employing electrospray ionization, and operated in the multiple reaction monitoring mode. The chromatograms showed high resolution, sensitivity, and selectivity with no interference with plasma, urine, and feces constituents. The developed analytical method satisfied international guidance criteria and could be successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic (PK) studies evaluating oral bioavailability of asarinin, β-eudesmol, and wogonin after oral and intravenous administration and their urinary and fecal excretion ratios after oral administration to rats. Furthermore, the analysis was extended to PK studies following oral administration of Gumiganghwal-tang. This study was the first simultaneous analysis of the aforesaid three constituents in rat plasma, urine, and feces that also determined their PK parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Hyun Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hun Jang
- College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hea-Young Cho
- College of Pharmacy, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Bok Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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5
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Liu L, Li J, He Y. Multifunctional epiberberine mediates multi-therapeutic effects. Fitoterapia 2020; 147:104771. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2020.104771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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A rapid method for simultaneous quantification of berberine, berbamine, magnoflorine and berberrubine in mouse serum using UPLC-MS/MS. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2020; 1142:122040. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.122040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Wu J, Luo Y, Deng D, Su S, Li S, Xiang L, Hu Y, Wang P, Meng X. Coptisine from Coptis chinensis exerts diverse beneficial properties: A concise review. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:7946-7960. [PMID: 31622015 PMCID: PMC6850926 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Coptisine is a natural small-molecular compound extracted from Coptis chinensis (CC) with a history of using for thousands of years. This work aimed at summarizing coptisine's activity and providing advice for its clinical use. We analysed the online papers in the database of SciFinder, Web of Science, PubMed, Google scholar and CNKI by setting keywords as 'coptisine' in combination of 'each pivotal pathway target'. Based on the existing literatures, we find (a) coptisine exerted potential to be an anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, CAD ameliorating or anti-bacterial drug through regulating the signalling transduction of pathways such as NF-κB, MAPK, PI3K/Akt, NLRP3 inflammasome, RANKL/RANK and Beclin 1/Sirt1. However, we also (b) observe that the plasma concentration of coptisine demonstrates obvious non-liner relationship with dosage, and even the highest dosage used in animal study actually cannot reach the minimum concentration level used in cell experiments owing to the poor absorption and low availability of coptisine. We conclude (a) further investigations can focus on coptisine's effect on caspase-1-involved inflammasome assembling and pyroptosis activation, as well as autophagy. (b) Under circumstance of promoting coptisine availability by pursuing nano- or microrods strategies or applying salt-forming process to coptisine, can it be introduced to clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiasi Wu
- College of PharmacyChengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengduChina
| | - Yu Luo
- College of PharmacyChengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengduChina
| | - Donghang Deng
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Siyu Su
- College of PharmacyChengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengduChina
| | - Sheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Clinical TranslationChengdu Institute of BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesChengduChina
| | - Li Xiang
- College of PharmacyChengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengduChina
| | - Yingfan Hu
- College of PharmacyChengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengduChina
| | - Ping Wang
- College of PharmacyChengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengduChina
| | - Xianli Meng
- College of PharmacyChengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengduChina
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Ancuceanu R, Dinu M, Dinu-Pirvu C, Anuţa V, Negulescu V. Pharmacokinetics of B-Ring Unsubstituted Flavones. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E370. [PMID: 31374885 PMCID: PMC6723510 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11080370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
B-ring unsubstituted flavones (of which the most widely known are chrysin, baicalein, wogonin, and oroxylin A) are 2-phenylchromen-4-one molecules of which the B-ring is devoid of any hydroxy, methoxy, or other substituent. They may be found naturally in a number of herbal products used for therapeutic purposes, and several have been designed by researchers and obtained in the laboratory. They have generated interest in the scientific community for their potential use in a variety of pathologies, and understanding their pharmacokinetics is important for a grasp of their optimal use. Based on a comprehensive survey of the relevant literature, this paper examines their absorption (with deglycosylation as a preliminary step) and their fate in the body, from metabolism to excretion. Differences among species (inter-individual) and within the same species (intra-individual) variability have been examined based on the available data, and finally, knowledge gaps and directions of future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Ancuceanu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Cell Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihaela Dinu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Cell Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Cristina Dinu-Pirvu
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Colloidal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020956 Bucharest 020956, Romania
| | - Valentina Anuţa
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Colloidal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020956 Bucharest 020956, Romania
| | - Vlad Negulescu
- Department of Toxicology, Clinical Pharmacology and Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
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9
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Wang J, Jiang Y, Wang B, Zhang N. A review on analytical methods for natural berberine alkaloids. J Sep Sci 2019; 42:1794-1815. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201800952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Wang
- Experiment Center for Science and TechnologyShanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Yanyan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug DeliveryMinistry of Education and PLADepartment of PharmaceuticsSchool of PharmacyFudan University Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Bing Wang
- School of PharmacyShanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai P. R. China
- Shanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Experiment Center for Science and TechnologyShanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai P. R. China
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10
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Wang Z, An R, Du G, Liang K, Li G. Validation of an LC-MS/MS method for simultaneous detection of diverse components of Qinxing Qingre Zhike Granule in rat plasma and its application to pharmacokinetic study after oral administration to rats. Biomed Chromatogr 2019; 33:e4524. [PMID: 30821835 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A sensitive and validated method of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was established to test the plasma concentrations of active ingredients in Qinxing Qingre Zhike Granule, namely geniposide, liquiritin, isoliquiritin, baicalin, wogonoside, baicalein, liquiritigenin, isoliquiritigenin and glycyrrhetinic acid. The analysis was performed on an Ultimate XB-C18 column at the flow rate of 0.4 mL min-1 in a single run of 18 min. The mobile phase was composed of 0.05% formic acid in water and acetonitrile with gradient elution. Positive and negative scanning and selected multiple reaction monitoring modes were applied for quantization. The proposed method showed good linearity in the given ranges from 0.6800-340.0 to 3.920-1960 ng mL-1 with r2 > 0.9917 for all the analytes. The precision (RSD) was no more than 12%, and the accuracy (RE) was less than ±11% for intra- and inter-day. The extract recovery and matrix effect were acceptable for the requirements of biological sample analysis. Moreover, the developed method was effectively applied to the pharmacokinetic investigation of Qinxing Qingre Zhike Granule after oral administration in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilingyun Wang
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui An
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangli Du
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kun Liang
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guowen Li
- Shanghai Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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11
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Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Song R. The Influence of Compatibility of Rhubarb and Radix Scutellariae on the Pharmacokinetics of Anthraquinones and Flavonoids in Rat Plasma. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2018; 43:291-300. [PMID: 29134502 DOI: 10.1007/s13318-017-0444-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Rhubarb-Radix scutellariae is a classic herb pair, which is commonly used to clear away heat and toxin in clinic. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of compatibility of Rhubarb and Radix scutellariae on the pharmacokinetic behaviors of anthraquinones and flavonoids in rat plasma. METHODS Eighteen rats were randomly divided into three groups, and were orally administered Rhubarb and/or Radix scutellariae extracts. A sensitive and rapid UPLC-MS/MS method was developed and validated to determine the concentrations of baicalin, baicalein, wogonside, wogonin, rhein, and emodin in rat plasma. The concentrations of phase II conjugates of flavonoid aglycones and anthraquinone aglycones were also determined after hydrolyzing the plasma with sulfatase. RESULTS Compared with administration of Radix scutellariae alone, co-administration of Rhubarb significantly decreased the first maximum plasma concentration (C max1) of baicalin, wogonside, and the phase II conjugates of baicalein, wogonin to 46.40, 61.27, 41.49, and 20.50%, respectively. The area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time zero to infinity (AUC0-∞) was significantly decreased from 82.60 ± 20.22 to 51.91 ± 7.46 μM·h for rhein and 276.83 ± 98.02 to 175.42 ± 86.82 μM·h for the phase II conjugates of wogonin after compatibility. The time to reach the first maximum plasma concentration (T max1) of anthraquinones was shortened and the second peak of anthraquinones disappeared after compatibility. CONCLUSIONS Compatibility of Rhubarb and Radix scutellariae can significantly affect the pharmacokinetic behaviors of characteristic constituents of the two herbs. The cause of these pharmacokinetic differences was further discussed combined with the in vivo ADME (absorption, disposition, metabolism, and excretion) processes of anthraquinones and flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia lane, Nanjing, 210009, China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Zunjian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia lane, Nanjing, 210009, China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Rui Song
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia lane, Nanjing, 210009, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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12
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Wu TY, Chang FR, Liou JR, Lo IW, Chung TC, Lee LY, Chi CC, Du YC, Wong MH, Juo SHH, Lee CC, Wu YC. Rapid HPLC Quantification Approach for Detection of Active Constituents in Modern Combinatorial Formula, San-Huang-Xie-Xin-Tang (SHXXT). Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:374. [PMID: 27812335 PMCID: PMC5071620 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
San-Huang-Xie-Xin-Tang (SHXXT), one of the most important traditional Chinese medicinal formulas, is comprised by three herbal medicines, the rhizome of Rheum officinale [or Rheum tanguticum (Polygonaceae) (Dahuang in Chinese)], the root of Scutellaria baicalensis (Labiatae) (Huangqin in Chinese), and the rhizome of Coptis chinensis (Ranunculaceae) (Huanglian in Chinese) in the ratios of 2:1:1 or 1:1:1. This study is aimed to quantitate and qualify of SHXXT, by a rapid, convenient, and effective HPLC-PDA approach associated with LC-MS technique. Of which method, nine chosen major bioactive components in SHXXT, including aloe-emodin (Ale), baicalin (Ba), berberine (Be), coptisine (Co), palmatine (Pa), resveratroloside (Res), rhein (Rh), sennoside A (Se-A), and wogonin (Wo), were evaluated within 30 min. The nine chemical markers were monitored in a high sensitivity with a low detection limit of 0.01−0.55 μg/mL and the correlation coefficient of the regression curve revealed a good linearity with R2 > 0.99. Moreover, the extraction solution system and the HPLC elution conditions were also optimized in the present study. This present developed protocol was then successfully applied to quantify nine chemical markers of 10 SHXXT products from eight Taiwanese TCM pharmaceutical companies. In quantitative results, Res was found as the major compound in SHXXT-1~5 and 8 with significantly higher amounts than those in other products, indicating the products SHXXT-1~5 and 8 may use R. tanguticum as the raw material, which possessed a higher concentration of the bioactive composition Res, instead of R. officinale. Simultaneously, Ale, Rh, and Wo were < 2% in these 10 products. Different chemical profiles of commercial products indicated that, probably, each product with the same named formula might be regarded as a sole medicine and need to be investigated individually. Importantly, it is never too much to emphasize the importance of quality control in TCM development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tung-Ying Wu
- Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Rong Chang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiung, Taiwan; Center for Infectious Disease and Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiung, Taiwan; Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University HospitalKaohsiung, Taiwan; Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Ru Liou
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - I-Wen Lo
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tang-Chia Chung
- Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Li-Yao Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chen Chi
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chi Du
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Man-Hon Wong
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Suh-Hang Hank Juo
- Graduate Institute of Medical Genetics, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chen Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Chang Wu
- Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University HospitalTaichung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiung, Taiwan; School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, China Medical UniversityTaichung, Taiwan; Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, China Medicinal UniversityTaichung, Taiwan; Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University HospitalTaichung, Taiwan
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13
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Yu C, Shao Z, Liu B, Zhang Y, Wang S. Inhibition of 2-Amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo [4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) Formation by Alkoxy Radical Scavenging of Flavonoids and Their Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship in a Model System. J Food Sci 2016; 81:C1908-13. [DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.13381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chundi Yu
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education of China; Tianjin Univ. of Science and Technology; Tianjin 300457 China
- College of Food Science and Engineering; Qingdao Agricultural Univ; Qingdao 266109 China
| | - Zeping Shao
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education of China; Tianjin Univ. of Science and Technology; Tianjin 300457 China
| | - Bing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education of China; Tianjin Univ. of Science and Technology; Tianjin 300457 China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education of China; Tianjin Univ. of Science and Technology; Tianjin 300457 China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education of China; Tianjin Univ. of Science and Technology; Tianjin 300457 China
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14
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Simultaneous determination of four phenolic acids and seven alkaloids in rat plasma after oral administration of traditional Chinese medicinal preparation Jinqi Jiangtang Tablet by LC-ESI-MS/MS. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2015; 117:1-10. [PMID: 26340557 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2015.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2015] [Revised: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A rapid, sensitive and selective high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of four phenolic acids (neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid, cryptochlorogenic acid and ferulic acid) and seven alkaloids (berberine, epiberberine, coptisine, magnoflorine, berberubine, palmatine and jatrorrhizine) in rat plasma. After mixing with the internal standards tetrahydropalmatine (IS1) and rosmarinic acid (IS2), plasma samples were pretreated by protein precipitation using acetonitrile. The HPLC analysis was performed on an Agilent Eclipse plus C18 (4.6 mm×100 mm, 1.8 μm) column with mobile phase consisting of 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution and acetonitrile at a flow rate of 0.3 mL min(-1). The detection was accomplished for the analytes and internal standards using positive electrospray ionization for the alkaloids and negative electrospray ionization for the phenolic acids in multiple-reaction monitoring mode. The method showed a good linearity over a wide concentration range (r(2)>0.99). The lower limit of quantification of seven alkaloids was lower than 2 ng mL(-1) and that of four phenolic acids was less than 20 ng mL(-1). The developed method was applied to the pharmacokinetic study of 11 components after oral administration of traditional Chinese medicinal preparation Jinqi Jiangtang Tablet in rats.
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Chen H, Li Z, Li YJ, Wu XW, Wang SR, Chen K, Zheng XX, Du Q, Tang DQ. Simultaneous determination of baicalin, oroxylin A-7-O-glucuronide and wogonoside in rat plasma by UPLC-DAD and its application in pharmacokinetics of pure baicalin, Radix Scutellariae and Yinhuang granule. Biomed Chromatogr 2015; 29:1819-25. [PMID: 26018907 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A novel UPLC-DAD method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of baicalin (baicalein-7-glucuronide, BG), oroxylin A-7-O-glucuronide (OAG) and wogonoside (WG) in rat plasma using rutin as the internal standard. Plasma samples were precipitated using acetonitrile containing 0.1% formic acid. Separation was performed on an Agilent Eclipse Plus C18 column (2.1 × 50 mm, 1.8 µm) using gradient acetonitrile and 0.2% formic acid water solution as mobile phase. The flow-rate was set at 0.4 mL/min and the eluate was detected at 275 nm. The method was linear over the ranges of 0.075-17.50, 0.050-12.60 and 0.056-14.10 µg/mL for BG, OAG and WG, respectively. The intra- and inter-day precisions were respectively <4.8% and 6.4%. All of the limits of detection of three analytes in rat plasma were 0.01 µg/mL, whereas the limits of quantification were, respectively, 0.035, 0.025 and, 0.025 µg/mL. This assay has been successfully applied to pharmacokinetics of BG, OAG and WG in rats after oral administration of Yinhuang granule (YHG) and comparative pharmacokinetics of BG in rats following oral administration of the pure BG, Radix Scutellariae (RS) or YHG. We speculate that some co-existing ingredients in RS or YHG may increase the absorption and elimination of BG in rat. This work may be helpful for the quality control of Yinhuang granule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China.,Xuzhou Institute for Drug Control, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
| | - Yin-jie Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
| | - Xiao-wen Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
| | - Shi-rui Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
| | - Kai Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
| | - Xiao-xiao Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, the First People's Hospital of Xuzhou, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, China
| | - Qian Du
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
| | - Dao-quan Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China.,Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
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Hou ML, Chang LW, Lin CH, Lin LC, Tsai TH. Comparative pharmacokinetics of rhein in normal and loperamide-induced constipated rats and microarray analysis of drug-metabolizing genes. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 155:1291-1299. [PMID: 25046826 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Revised: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Rhein is a pharmacological active component found in Rheum palmatum L. that is the major herb of the San-Huang-Xie-Xin-Tang (SHXXT), a medicinal herbal product used as a remedy for constipation. Here we have investigated the comparative pharmacokinetics of rhein in normal and constipated rats. Microarray analysis was used to explore whether drug-metabolizing genes will be altered after SHXXT treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS The comparative pharmacokinetics of rhein in normal and loperamide-induced constipated rats was studied by liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Gene expression profiling in drug-metabolizing genes after SHXXT treatment was investigated by microarray analysis and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS A validated LC-MS/MS method was applied to investigate the comparative pharmacokinetics of rhein in normal and loperamide-induced constipated rats. The pharmacokinetic results demonstrate that the loperamide-induced constipation reduced the absorption of rhein. Cmax significantly reduced by 2.5-fold, the AUC decreased by 27.8%; however, the elimination half-life (t1/2) was prolonged by 1.6-fold. Tmax and mean residence time (MRT) were significantly prolonged by 2.8-fold, and 1.7-fold, respectively. The volume of distribution (Vss) increased by 2.2-fold. The data of microarray analysis on gene expression indicate that five drug-metabolizing genes, including Cyp7a1, Cyp2c6, Ces2e, Atp1b1, and Slc7a2 were significantly altered by the SHXXT (0.5 g/kg) treatment. CONCLUSION The loperamide-induced constipation reduced the absorption of rhein. Since among the 25,338 genes analyzed, there were five genes significantly altered by SHXXT treatment. Thus, information on minor drug-metabolizing genes altered by SHXXT treatment indicates that SHXXT is relatively safe for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Ling Hou
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Wen Chang
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hung Lin
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lie-Chwen Lin
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Hu Tsai
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Education and Research, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Peng CC, Wang SP, Jin HZ, Tao JF, Wang GW, Wei PL, Zhang XF, Li L, Liu RH, Zhang WD. Bioanalysis and Pharmacokinetics of Eight Active Components from Huanglian Jiedu Decoction in Rat Plasma by LC-ESI-MS/MS Method. CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s1674-6384(14)60038-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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18
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Oh JH, Lee YJ. Sample preparation for liquid chromatographic analysis of phytochemicals in biological fluids. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2014; 25:314-330. [PMID: 24375623 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Revised: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Natural products have been used traditionally for the treatment and prevention of diseases for thousands of years and are nowadays consumed as dietary supplements and herbal medicine. To ensure the safe and effective use of these herbal products, information about bioavailability of active compounds in plasma or target tissues should be provided via validated analytical methods combined with appropriate sampling methods. OBJECTIVE To provide comprehensive and abridged information about sample preparation methods for the quantification of phytochemicals in biological samples using liquid chromatography analysis. METHODS Sample pre-treatment procedures used in analytical methods for in vivo pharmacokinetic studies of natural compounds or herbal medicines were reviewed. These were categorised according to the biological matrices (plasma, bile, urine, faeces and tissues) and sample clean-up processes (protein precipitation, liquid-liquid extraction and solid-phase extraction). RESULTS Although various kinds of sample pre-treatment methods have been developed, liquid-liquid extraction is still widely used and solid-phase extraction is becoming increasingly popular because of its efficiency for extensive clean up of complex matrix samples. However, protein precipitation is still favoured due to its simplicity. CONCLUSION Sample treatment for phytochemical analysis in biological fluids is an indispensable and critical step to obtain high quality results. This step could dominate the overall analytical process because both the duration of the process as well as the reliability of the data depend in large part on its efficiency. Thus, special attention should be given to the choice of a proper sample treatment method that targets analytes and their biomatrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Hee Oh
- College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Hou ML, Chang LW, Lin CH, Lin LC, Tsai TH. Determination of bioactive components in Chinese herbal formulae and pharmacokinetics of rhein in rats by UPLC-MS/MS. Molecules 2014; 19:4058-75. [PMID: 24699148 PMCID: PMC6271780 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19044058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 03/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhein (4,5-dihydroxy-9,10-dioxoanthracene-2-carboxylic acid, cassic acid) is a pharmacological active component found in Rheum palmatum L. the major herb of San-Huang-Xie-Xin-Tang (SHXXT), a medicinal herbal product used as a remedy for constipation. Here we have determined multiple bioactive components in SHXXT and investigated the comparative pharmacokinetics of rhein in rats. A sensitive and specific method combining liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry has been developed and validated to simultaneously quantify six active compounds in the pharmaceutical herbal product SHXXT to further study their pharmacokinetics in rats. Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) was employed for quantification with switching electrospray ion source polarity between positive and negative modes in a single run. There were no significant matrix effects in the quantitative analysis and the mean recovery for rhein in rat plasma was 91.6%±3.4%. The pharmacokinetic data of rhein demonstrate that the herbal formulae or the single herbal extract provide significantly higher absorption rate than the pure compound. This phenomenon suggests that the other herbal ingredients of SHXXT and rhubarb extract significantly enhance the absorption of rhein in rats. In conclusion, the herbal formulae (SHXXT) are more efficient than the single herb (rhubarb) or the pure compound (rhein) in rhein absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Ling Hou
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Li-Nong St, Beitou District, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
| | - Li-Wen Chang
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Li-Nong St, Beitou District, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
| | - Chi-Hung Lin
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Li-Nong St, Beitou District, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
| | - Lie-Chwen Lin
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, No. 155-1, Sec. 2, Li-Nong St., Beitou District, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
| | - Tung-Hu Tsai
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Li-Nong St, Beitou District, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
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Zhang Q, Ma YM, Wang ZT, Wang CH. Pharmacokinetics difference of multiple active constituents from decoction and maceration of Fuzi Xiexin Tang after oral administration in rat by UPLC–MS/MS. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014; 92:35-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2013.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Revised: 12/21/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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21
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Lo SN, Chang YP, Tsai KC, Chang CY, Wu TS, Ueng YF. Inhibition of CYP1 by berberine, palmatine, and jatrorrhizine: Selectivity, kinetic characterization, and molecular modeling. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2013; 272:671-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Revised: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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22
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Wu W, Yan R, Yao M, Zhan Y, Wang Y. Pharmacokinetics of anthraquinones in rat plasma after oral administration of a rhubarb extract. Biomed Chromatogr 2013; 28:564-72. [PMID: 24136708 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Revised: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive and specific LC-MS/MS method was developed for simultaneous determination of aloe-emodin, rhein, emodin, chrysophanol and physcion and their conjugates in rat plasma. The lower limit of quantitation of each anthraquinone was 0.020-0.040 µm. Intra-day and inter-day accuracies were 90.1-114.3% and the precisions were <14.6%. The matrix effects were 104.0-113.2%. The method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study in rats receiving a rhubarb extract orally. The area under the concentration-time curve (AUC0-t ) and peak concentration (Cmax ) of free aloe-emodin and emodin in rat plasma were much lower than those of rhein. The amounts of chrysophanol and physcion were too low to be continuously detected. After treating the plasma samples with β-glucuronidases, each anthraquinone was detectable throughout the experimental period (36 h) and showed much higher plasma concentrations and AUC0-t . The free/total ratios of aloe-emodin, rhein and emodin were 6.5, 49.0 and 1.7% for Cmax and 3.7, 32.5 and 1.1% for AUC0-t , respectively. The dose-normalized AUC0-t and Cmax of the total of each anthraquinone were in the same descending order: rhein > emodin > chrysophanol > physcion > aloe-emodin. These findings reveal phase II conjugates as the dominant in vivo existing forms of rhubarb antharquinones and warrant a further study to evaluate their contribution to the herbal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
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Renal Protective Role of Xiexin Decoction with Multiple Active Ingredients Involves Inhibition of Inflammation through Downregulation of the Nuclear Factor-κB Pathway in Diabetic Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:715671. [PMID: 23935673 PMCID: PMC3713598 DOI: 10.1155/2013/715671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
In Chinese medicine, Xiexin decoction (XXD) has been used for the clinical treatment of diabetes for at least 1700 years. The present study was conducted to investigate the effective ingredients of XXD and their molecular mechanisms of antidiabetic nephropathy in rats. Rats with diabetes induced by high-fat diet and streptozotocin were treated with XXD extract for 12 weeks. XXD significantly improved the glucolipid metabolism disorder, attenuated albuminuria and renal pathological changes, reduced renal advanced glycation end-products, inhibited receptor for advanced glycation end-product and inflammation factors expression, suppressed renal nuclear factor-κB pathway activity, and downregulated renal transforming growth factor-β1. The concentrations of multiple components in plasma from XXD were determined by liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic analysis using partial least square regression revealed that 8 ingredients of XXD were responsible for renal protective effects via actions on multiple molecular targets. Our study suggests that the renal protective role of XXD with multiple effective ingredients involves inhibition of inflammation through downregulation of the nuclear factor-κB pathway, reducing renal advanced glycation end-products and receptor for advanced glycation end-product in diabetic rats.
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Han XH, Zhong J, Guo JY, Shi R, Wang XH, Wang CH, Wang K, Du GL, Shen YH, Ma YM. Relationships between pharmacokinetics and efficacy of Xie-xin decoction in rats with experimental ulcerative colitis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 148:182-189. [PMID: 23619018 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Revised: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Xie-xin decoction (XXD) has been used as a classic formula in China for the treatment of gastrointestinal dysfunction such as ulcerative colitis (UC). However, no potential action mechanisms and active compounds had been systematically investigated. AIM OF THE STUDY To explore the effectiveness and the material basis of XXD in trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced UC rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS XXD was administered orally for 8 days at a dosage of 2 or 4g/kg/day. Plasma pharmacokinetic properties and colon tissue concentrations of multiple compounds from XXD were detected. Tissue damage scores, production of interleukin (IL)-10 and myeloperoxidase (MPO), expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and nuclear factor-kappa Bp65 (NF-κBp65) in colon tissues were examined. Canonical correlation analysis was performed to evaluate the relationships between pharmacokinetics and efficacy to elucidate significantly active compounds of XXD. RESULTS XXD promoted the recovery of colitis and inhibited the colonic inflammation damage in UC rats by reducing the level of MPO and the expression of TNF-α and NF-κBp65, and increasing the production of IL-10 in colon tissues. Efficacy of XXD was positively related with AUC of five plasma compounds (baicalin, berberine, wogonoside, wogonin, and rhein) and concentrations of six colon tissue compounds (coptisine, jatrorrhizine, palmatine, berberine, baicalein and emodin), respectively. CONCLUSIONS The multiple compounds in plasma and colon tissues from XXD might be the main material basis for therapeutic potentials in UC rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Hui Han
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
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A rapid UFLC-MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of formononetin, cryptotanshinone, tanshinone IIA and emodin in rat plasma and its application to a pharmacokinetic study of Bu Shen Huo Xue formula. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2013; 932:92-9. [PMID: 23831702 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Revised: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Bu Shen Huo Xue formula (BSHX) is a traditional Chinese medicine prescription used for clinical treatment of chronic kidney diseases. A rapid and selective Ultra fast liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (UFLC-MS/MS) method was developed for simultaneous determination of four bioactive components of BSHX including formononetin, cryptotanshinone, tanshinone IIA, and emodin in control and unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) model rat plasma for the first time. Atorvastatin was used as the internal standard (IS). Plasma samples were extracted by liquid-liquid extraction with ethyl acetate. The chromatographic separation was carried out on a Shim-pack XR-ODS III column with a gradient mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid. The detection was performed on a triple-quad tandem mass spectrometer by multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) via electrospray ionization (ESI) source with positive ionization mode for formononetin, cryptotanshinone, tanshinone IIA, and negative mode for emodin. The method was linear for four analytes over the range of investigated concentration with all coefficients of determination (R(2)) greater than 0.9938. The lower limits of quantification (LLOQ) for formononetin, cryptotanshinone, tanshinone IIA, and emodin were defined as 0.3, 0.5, 1.5, and 0.3ng/mL, respectively. The rapid and sensitive method was fully validated and successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of formononetin, cryptotanshinone, tanshinone IIA and emodin in rats following oral administration of Bu Shen Huo Xue formula.
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Zhang Q, Wang CH, Ma YM, Zhu EY, Wang ZT. UPLC-ESI/MS determination of 17 active constituents in two categorized formulas of traditional Chinese medicine, Sanhuang Xiexin Tang and Fuzi Xiexin Tang: application in comparing the differences in decoctions and macerations. Biomed Chromatogr 2013; 27:1079-88. [PMID: 23629873 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.2910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2012] [Revised: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A rapid and sensitive UPLC-ESI/MS method was established and validated to determine 17 active constituents (aconitine, hypaconitine, mesaconitine, benzoylaconine, benzoylhypaconine, benzoylmesaconine, berberine, palmatine, jatrorrhizine, coptisine, baicalein, wogonin, baicalin, wogonoside, emodin, aloe-emodin and rhein) in Sanhuang Xiexin Tang (SXT) and Fuzi Xiexin Tang (FXT), which are two classic compound recipes from Xiexin Tang categorized formulas in traditional Chinese medicien. The separation was performed on a UPLC BEH C18 column gradient eluted using acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid as mobile phase. ESI/MS was operated in positive ([M + H](+)) in selected ion recording mode for analysis of alkaloids and flavones, while in negative ([M - H](-)) selected ion recording mode for anthraquinones. All of the 17 constituents exhibited good linearity in a relatively wide concentration ranges with the lowest limits of detection of 0.38 ng/mL. All of the relative standard deviation values of intra- and inter-precisions and stabilities of 17 constituents were within 5%. The method was successfully applied to determine 17 active constituents in decoctions and macerations of SXT and FXT. The results indicated that different preparative methods resulted in significant diversity in concentrations of the 17 analytes. Herb-herb interaction appeared between aconitum alkaloids in Aconiti Lateralis Radix Preparata and another three herbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Chung HJ, Lim SY, Kim IS, Bu YM, Kim HC, Kim DH, Yoo HH. Simultaneous Determination of Baicalein, Baicalin, Wogonin, and Wogonoside in Rat Plasma by LC-MS/MS for Studying the Pharmacokinetics of the Standardized Extract of Scutellariae Radix. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2012. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2012.33.1.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Jiang JY, Yang MW, Qian W, Lin H, Geng Y, Zhou ZQ, Xiao DW. Quantitative determination of rhein in human plasma by liquid chromatography–negative electrospray ionization tandem mass/mass spectrometry and the application in a pharmacokinetic study. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2012; 57:19-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2011.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2011] [Revised: 08/31/2011] [Accepted: 09/02/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Zhang A, Sun H, Wang X, Jiao G, Yuan Y, Sun W. Simultaneous in vivo RP-HPLC-DAD quantification of multiple-component and drug-drug interaction by pharmacokinetics, using 6,7-dimethylesculetin, geniposide and rhein as examples. Biomed Chromatogr 2011; 26:844-50. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2011] [Revised: 09/05/2011] [Accepted: 09/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aihua Zhang
- National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry; Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Ministry of Education; Heping Road 24; Harbin; 150040; China
| | - Hui Sun
- National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry; Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Ministry of Education; Heping Road 24; Harbin; 150040; China
| | - Xijun Wang
- National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry; Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Ministry of Education; Heping Road 24; Harbin; 150040; China
| | - Guozheng Jiao
- National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry; Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Ministry of Education; Heping Road 24; Harbin; 150040; China
| | - Ye Yuan
- National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry; Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Ministry of Education; Heping Road 24; Harbin; 150040; China
| | - Wenjun Sun
- National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry; Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Ministry of Education; Heping Road 24; Harbin; 150040; China
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Shia CS, Tsai SY, Lin JC, Li ML, Ko MH, Chao PDL, Huang YC, Hou YC. Steady-state pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of anthraquinones of Rhei Rhizoma in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 137:1388-1394. [PMID: 21855620 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2011] [Revised: 08/02/2011] [Accepted: 08/02/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY Rhei Rhizoma, the rhizome of Rheum palmatum L. (RP), is a popular herb in clinical Chinese medicine. RP is abundant in polyphenolic anthraquinones, which have been reported to show various beneficial bioactivities. This study investigated the pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of anthraquinones following seven-dose administration of RP decoction to rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Six Sprague-Dawley rats were given 2.0 g/kg of RP twice daily for seven doses and blood samples were collected at designated time after the 7th dose. Another six rats were sacrificed at 30 min after the 7th dose and organs including liver, kidney, lung and brain were collected. Serum and tissue specimens were assayed by HPLC before and after hydrolysis with β-glucuronidase and sulfatase, respectively. RESULTS Pharmacokinetic analysis indicated that the anthraquinones in serum mainly presented as glucuronides/sulfates and contained higher ratio of sulfates when compared with single-dose administration of RP. Contrary to the finding in serum, tissue analysis discovered mainly free form of anthraquinone in most organs assayed, such as aloe-emodin and rhein in kidney, liver, lung; emodin in liver, lung; trace of chrysophanol in kidney and liver. In all brains, neither free forms nor their glucuronides/sulfates have been detected. CONCLUSIONS The glucuronides/sulfates of anthraquinones were the major forms in bloodstream, whereas the free forms of most anthraquinones were predominant in kidney and liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Sheng Shia
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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