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Guo S, Qiu S, Cai Y, Wang Z, Yang Q, Tang S, Xie Y, Zhang A. Mass spectrometry-based metabolomics for discovering active ingredients and exploring action mechanism of herbal medicine. Front Chem 2023; 11:1142287. [PMID: 37065828 PMCID: PMC10102349 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1142287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural products derived from herbal medicine are a fruitful source of lead compounds because of their structural diversity and potent bioactivities. However, despite the success of active compounds derived from herbal medicine in drug discovery, some approaches cannot effectively elucidate the overall effect and action mechanism due to their multi-component complexity. Fortunately, mass spectrometry-based metabolomics has been recognized as an effective strategy for revealing the effect and discovering active components, detailed molecular mechanisms, and multiple targets of natural products. Rapid identification of lead compounds and isolation of active components from natural products would facilitate new drug development. In this context, mass spectrometry-based metabolomics has established an integrated pharmacology framework for the discovery of bioactivity-correlated constituents, target identification, and the action mechanism of herbal medicine and natural products. High-throughput functional metabolomics techniques could be used to identify natural product structure, biological activity, efficacy mechanisms, and their mode of action on biological processes, assisting bioactive lead discovery, quality control, and accelerating discovery of novel drugs. These techniques are increasingly being developed in the era of big data and use scientific language to clarify the detailed action mechanism of herbal medicine. In this paper, the analytical characteristics and application fields of several commonly used mass spectrometers are introduced, and the application of mass spectrometry in the metabolomics of traditional Chinese medicines in recent years and its active components as well as mechanism of action are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sifan Guo
- International Advanced Functional Omics Platform, Scientific Experiment Center and Hainan General Hospital, College of Chinese Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
- Graduate School, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Shi Qiu
- International Advanced Functional Omics Platform, Scientific Experiment Center and Hainan General Hospital, College of Chinese Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
- *Correspondence: Shi Qiu, ; Songqi Tang, ; Yiqiang Xie, ; Aihua Zhang,
| | - Ying Cai
- Graduate School, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Zhibo Wang
- Graduate School, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Qiang Yang
- Graduate School, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Songqi Tang
- International Advanced Functional Omics Platform, Scientific Experiment Center and Hainan General Hospital, College of Chinese Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
- *Correspondence: Shi Qiu, ; Songqi Tang, ; Yiqiang Xie, ; Aihua Zhang,
| | - Yiqiang Xie
- International Advanced Functional Omics Platform, Scientific Experiment Center and Hainan General Hospital, College of Chinese Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
- *Correspondence: Shi Qiu, ; Songqi Tang, ; Yiqiang Xie, ; Aihua Zhang,
| | - Aihua Zhang
- International Advanced Functional Omics Platform, Scientific Experiment Center and Hainan General Hospital, College of Chinese Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
- Graduate School, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Shi Qiu, ; Songqi Tang, ; Yiqiang Xie, ; Aihua Zhang,
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Yamashita H, Ohbuchi K, Nagino M, Ebata T, Tsuchiya K, Kushida H, Yokoyama Y. Comprehensive metabolome analysis for the pharmacological action of inchinkoto, a hepatoprotective herbal medicine. Metabolomics 2021; 17:106. [PMID: 34855010 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-021-01824-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The precise pharmacological action of inchinkoto (ICKT, Yin-Chen-Hao-Tang in Chinese), a hepatoprotective herbal medicine, on total metabolic pathways has not been well investigated. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to explore the serum metabolites reflecting the pharmacological activity of ICKT, and mechanism of action of ICKT using serum metabolome analysis. METHODS 54 patients with obstructive jaundice due to malignancies were included in this study. ICKT was administered for 3 days. Serum and bile samples were collected before and 1 h after ICKT administration on days 1 and 4. Serum metabolome analysis including ICKT components were performed. RESULTS The levels of total/direct bilirubin, C-reactive protein, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase, and albumin in the serum were significantly improved after ICKT administration. In the serum metabolome analysis, inosine was the only elevated metabolite on days 1 and 4. Most of the metabolites which were significantly changed after ICKT administration were lipid mediators, and all decreased on day 1. Notably, the levels of many lipid mediators were increased on day 4. The difference in serum aspartic acid 1 h after ICKT administration was significantly correlated with a decrease in the levels of total bilirubin in the serum on day 4. CONCLUSIONS Using metabolome analysis, we demonstrated several metabolic changes that may be associated with the pharmacological mechanisms of ICKT. The biological implications of these metabolites should be further investigated in basic research studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromasa Yamashita
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Katsuya Ohbuchi
- Tsumura Advanced Technology Research Laboratories, Tsumura & CO., Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Masato Nagino
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Aichi Cancer Center, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tomoki Ebata
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Tsuchiya
- Tsumura Advanced Technology Research Laboratories, Tsumura & CO., Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Kushida
- Tsumura Advanced Technology Research Laboratories, Tsumura & CO., Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Yokoyama
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan.
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The Pharmacological Effects and Pharmacokinetics of Active Compounds of Artemisia capillaris. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9101412. [PMID: 34680529 PMCID: PMC8533588 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9101412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Artemisia capillaris Thunb. (A.capillaris, Yin-Chen in Chinese) is a traditional medicinal herb with a wide spectrum of pharmacological properties ranging from effects against liver dysfunction to treatments of severe cirrhosis and cancer. We used relevant keywords to search electronic databases, including PubMed, Medline, and Google Scholar, for scientific contributions related to this medicinal herb and the pharmacokinetics of its components. The pharmaceutical effects of A.capillaris contribute to the treatment not only of viral hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular hepatoma, but also metabolic syndrome, psoriasis, and enterovirus in the clinic. The bioactive compounds, including scoparone, capillarisin, scopoletin, and chlorogenic acid, exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antisteatotic, antiviral, and antitumor properties, reflecting the pharmacological effects of A.capillaris. The pharmacokinetics of the main bioactive compounds in A. capillaris can achieve a maximum concentration within 1 hour, but only chlorogenic acid has a relatively long half-life. Regarding the use of the A. capillaris herb by health professionals to treat various diseases, the dosing schedule of this herb should be carefully considered to maximize therapeutic outcomes while lessening possible side effects.
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Amina M, Hamza K, Malki F, Hamdi A, Aboul-Enein HY. Method Development and Validation for the Determination of Linezolid Drug in Human Plasma by Reversed-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. CURR PHARM ANAL 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1573412917666210823092454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective:
Linezolid is a significant antibiotic used against severe infections initiated by multi-resistant bacterial pathogens.
Method:
Linezolid extraction from plasma is obtained using methanol. Chromatographic separation is achieved isocratically on a C18 column [Zorbax C18, 5 µm particle size, 150 mm ˟ 4.6 mm] making use of a mobile phase of acetonitrile / 0.05 M phosphate buffer, pH = 4.5 (30 : 70 v/v) at a flow rate of 1.2 mL/min with photodiode array detector DAD, at a wavelength of 256 nm.
Method:
Linezolid extraction from plasma is obtained using methanol. Chromatographic separation is achieved isocratically on a C18 column [Zorbax C18, 5 µm particle size, 150 mm ˟ 4.6 mm] making use of a mobile phase of acetonitrile / 0.05 M phosphate buffer, pH = 4.5 (30 : 70 v/v) at a flow rate of 1.2 mL/min with photodiode array detector DAD, at a wavelength of 256 nm.
Results :
The retention time of linezolid was 2.5 min. The analytical method was linear (r2 > 0.998) over the calibration range of 0.30 to 50.0 µg/mL. The extraction recoveries of linezolid range from 71.03 to 91.93 %. The limit of quantification and the limit of detection were 0.112 µg and 0.037 µg, respectively. The RSDs for intraday and interday assays were < 7.77 and 4.32 %, respectively. The intraday and interday accuracies were in the range 80.6-112 % and 77.44-104.85 %, respectively.
Conclusion:
The applied method is precise, accurate and appropriate for pharmacokinetic studies and therapeutic drug monitoring of linezolid in routine clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Missoum Amina
- Department Research Laboratory on Bioactive Products and Biomass Valorization, Higher normal School Cheikh Mohamed El-Bachir El- Ibrahimi, Vieux-Kouba – Algiers 16308, Algeria
| | - Kahina Hamza
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Saad Dahlab University, Soumaa – Blida 09000, Algeria
| | - Fatiha Malki
- Department Research Laboratory on Bioactive Products and Biomass Valorization, Higher normal School Cheikh Mohamed El-Bachir El- Ibrahimi, Vieux-Kouba – Algiers 16308, Algeria
| | - Abderrezak Hamdi
- Faculty of Chemistry, Houari Boumediene University of Science and Technology, Bab ezzouar – Algiers 16111, Algeria
| | - Hassan Y. Aboul-Enein
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
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Xiao SL, Guan LJ, Jiang RF, Wang XG, Li X, Cai W. The Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics of Rhein and Aurantio-Obtusin. Curr Drug Metab 2020; 21:960-968. [PMID: 32682364 DOI: 10.2174/1389200221666200719002128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anthraquinones, rhein and aurantio-obtusin were isolated from the herb Duhaldea nervosa for the first time by our group, which were also found in plants that belong to the plant family Compositae. Anthraquinone compounds have a range of pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, antioxidation, anti-diabetes, etc. and can be used as a laxative, for liver protection, treatment of chronic renal failure, etc. However, in recent years, anthraquinones have been reported to be cytotoxic to the liver and kidneys. Therefore, it is very important to study the pharmacokinetics and metabolism of rhein and aurantio-obtusin, which are common ingredients in many traditional Chinese medicines (TCM). According to our research, the pharmacokinetics and metabolism of rhein and aurantio-obtusin are comprehensively summarized in the paper for the first time. OBJECTIVE The study provides comprehensive information on pharmacokinetics and metabolism of rhein and aurantio- obtusin in different Species; meanwhile, the aim of this review is also to provide a reference for a reasonable application of TCM enriched with these two ingredients. METHODS The metabolism and pharmacokinetics of rhein and aurantio-obtusin were searched by the Web of Science, PubMed, Google scholar and some Chinese literature databases. RESULTS Rhein and aurantio-obtusin exist mainly in the form of metabolites in the body. Rhein and aurantio-obtusin and its metabolites might be responsible for pharmacological effects in the body. Therefore, the significance of studying the in vivo metabolites of rhein and aurantio-obtusin is not only essential to clarify their pharmacological mechanism, but also to find new active compound ingredients. The metabolism of rhein is different in different species, so the toxicity effects of rhein may also be different after oral administration in different species; however, the metabolic profiles of aurantio-obtusin in the liver microsomes of different species are similar. CONCLUSION This paper not only provides detail regarding the pharmacokinetics of rhein and aurantio-obtusin, but it is anticipated that it will also facilitate further study on the metabolism of rhein and aurantio-obtusin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun-Li Xiao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua 418000, Hunan, China
| | - Liang-Jun Guan
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Ren-Feng Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua 418000, Hunan, China
| | - Xiang-Gen Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua 418000, Hunan, China
| | - Xing Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua 418000, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Cai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua 418000, Hunan, China
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Han Y, Sun H, Zhang A, Yan G, Wang XJ. Chinmedomics, a new strategy for evaluating the therapeutic efficacy of herbal medicines. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 216:107680. [PMID: 32956722 PMCID: PMC7500400 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Herbal medicines have accumulated valuable clinical experience in thousands of years of applications in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) or ethnomedicine. The unique multi-target efficacy on complex diseases made herbal medicines gained a global popularity in recent years. However, the characteristic of multi-component acting on multi-target poses a dilemma for the evaluation of therapeutic efficacy of herbal medicines. Advances in metabolomics enable efficient identification of the various changes in biological systems exposed to different treatments or conditions. The use of serum pharmacochemistry of TCM has significant implications for tackling the major issue in herbal medicines development-pharmacodynamic material basis. Chinmedomics integrates metabolomics and serum pharmacochemistry of TCM to investigate the pharmacodynamic material basis and effective mechanisms of herbal medicines on the basis of TCM syndromes and holds the promise of explaining therapeutic efficacy of herbal medicines in scientific language. In this review, the historical development of chinmedomics from concept formation to successful applications was discussed. We also took the systematic research of Yin Chen Hao Tang (YCHT) as an example to show the research strategy of chinmedomics.
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Beyoğlu D, Idle JR. Metabolomic insights into the mode of action of natural products in the treatment of liver disease. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 180:114171. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Network toxicology and LC-MS-based metabolomics: New approaches for mechanism of action of toxic components in traditional Chinese medicines. CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chmed.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Zhang Z, Jiang M, Wei X, Shi J, Geng Z, Yang S, Fu C, Guo L. Rapid discovery of chemical constituents and absorbed components in rat serum after oral administration of Fuzi-Lizhong pill based on high-throughput HPLC-Q-TOF/MS analysis. Chin Med 2019; 14:6. [PMID: 30867675 PMCID: PMC6397459 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-019-0227-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fuzi-Lizhong pill (FZLZP), which was first recorded in the Classic-"Taiping Huimin Heji Ju Fang" of the Song Dynasty, has been widely used to treat gastrointestinal disease in clinic for thousands of years in China. However, an in-depth understanding of the chemical constituents of FZLZP and its potential bioactive constituents is lacking. METHODS A simple, sensitive and selective method of high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-time-of-flight high-definition mass spectrometry (HPLC-Q-TOF/MS) and automated data analysis (Agilent MassHunter Qualitative Analysis B.06.00 Workstation Software) was developed to simultaneously identify the chemical constituents of FZLZP and the absorbed prototypes as well as the metabolites in rat serum after the oral administration of FZLZP. RESULTS Sixty-seven compounds, including alkaloids, flavonoids, triterpenes, gingerols, phenylpropanoids and volatile oil, in the FZLZP extract were tentatively characterized by comparing the retention time and mass spectrometry data and retrieving the reference literatures. Additionally, 23 prototype compounds and 3 metabolites in the rat serum samples were identified after oral administration of FZLZP, which might be the potential active components in vivo. In addition, the absorption of alkaloids decreased when Aconitum carmichaeli Debx. was in the form of combined application as a prescription compared to when it was in the form of herb powder. CONCLUSIONS Herein, the chemical constituent in vitro and the absorbed compounds in the serum of a traditional Chinese formula, Fuzi-Lizhong pill, were fully characterized using a rapid and comprehensive analysis approach based on high-performance liquid chromatography combined with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry coupled to MassHunter Qualitative Analysis software data processing approach. The results provide helpful chemical information on FZLZP for further pharmacology and active mechanism research. In view of the bioactive constitutes that basically were derived from these absorbed compounds in vivo, this work could provide a useful strategy to explore the bioactive substances of traditional Chinese medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhang
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137 China
| | - Maoyuan Jiang
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137 China
| | - Xinyi Wei
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137 China
| | - Jinfeng Shi
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137 China
| | - Zhao Geng
- Sichuan Institute for Food and Drug Control, Chengdu, 611137 China
| | - Shasha Yang
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137 China
| | - Chaomei Fu
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137 China
| | - Li Guo
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137 China
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Development and Application of an UHPLC-MS/MS Method for Comparative Pharmacokinetic Study of Eight Major Bioactive Components from Yin Chen Hao Tang in Normal and Acute Liver Injured Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:3239785. [PMID: 30519262 PMCID: PMC6241247 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3239785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Yin Chen Hao Tang (YCHT) is one of the most famous hepatoprotective herbal formulas in China, but its pharmacokinetic investigation in model rats has been rarely conducted. In this study, the hepatic injury model was caused by intraperitoneal injections of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), and YCHT was orally administered to the model and normal rats. An ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method was established to analyze the plasma pharmacokinetics of eight major bioactive ingredients from YCHT in both the normal and liver injured rats. The calibration curves presented good linearity (r > 0.9981) in the concentration range. The relative standard deviation (RSD%) of inter- and intraday precision was within 9.55%, and the accuracy (RE%) ranged from -10.72% to 2.46%. The extraction recovery, matrix effect, and stability were demonstrated to be within acceptable ranges. The lower limit of detection (LLOD) and lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ) were around 0.1 ng/mL and 0.5 ng/mL, respectively, which were much lower than those in other related researches. Results reveal that there are significant differences in the pharmacokinetics of scoparone, geniposide, rhein, aloe-emodin, physcion, and chrysophanol in hepatic injured rats as compared to those in control except for scopoletin and emodin. Our experimental results provide a meaningful reference for the clinical dosage of YCHT in treating liver disorders, and the improvement of LLOD and LLOQ can also broaden the range of our method's application, which is very suitable for quantitating these eight compounds with low levels.
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Zhang A, Sun H, Wang X. Mass spectrometry-driven drug discovery for development of herbal medicine. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2018; 37:307-320. [PMID: 28009933 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Herbal medicine (HM) has made a major contribution to the drug discovery process with regard to identifying products compounds. Currently, more attention has been focused on drug discovery from natural compounds of HM. Despite the rapid advancement of modern analytical techniques, drug discovery is still a difficult and lengthy process. Fortunately, mass spectrometry (MS) can provide us with useful structural information for drug discovery, has been recognized as a sensitive, rapid, and high-throughput technology for advancing drug discovery from HM in the post-genomic era. It is essential to develop an efficient, high-quality, high-throughput screening method integrated with an MS platform for early screening of candidate drug molecules from natural products. We have developed a new chinmedomics strategy reliant on MS that is capable of capturing the candidate molecules, facilitating their identification of novel chemical structures in the early phase; chinmedomics-guided natural product discovery based on MS may provide an effective tool that addresses challenges in early screening of effective constituents of herbs against disease. This critical review covers the use of MS with related techniques and methodologies for natural product discovery, biomarker identification, and determination of mechanisms of action. It also highlights high-throughput chinmedomics screening methods suitable for lead compound discovery illustrated by recent successes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aihua Zhang
- Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Collaboration Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Chinmedomics Research Center of TCM State Administration, Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Hui Sun
- Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Collaboration Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Chinmedomics Research Center of TCM State Administration, Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Xijun Wang
- Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Collaboration Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Chinmedomics Research Center of TCM State Administration, Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
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Zhang K, Yan G, Zhang A, Sun H, Wang X. Recent advances in pharmacokinetics approach for herbal medicine. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra02369c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), an indispensable part of herbal medicine, has been used for treating many diseases and/or symptoms for thousands of years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunming Zhang
- Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Collaboration Center
- National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry
- Chinmedomics Research Center of State Administration of TCM
- Pharmacokinetics Laboratory
- Laboratory of Metabolomics
| | - Guangli Yan
- Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Collaboration Center
- National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry
- Chinmedomics Research Center of State Administration of TCM
- Pharmacokinetics Laboratory
- Laboratory of Metabolomics
| | - Aihua Zhang
- Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Collaboration Center
- National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry
- Chinmedomics Research Center of State Administration of TCM
- Pharmacokinetics Laboratory
- Laboratory of Metabolomics
| | - Hui Sun
- Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Collaboration Center
- National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry
- Chinmedomics Research Center of State Administration of TCM
- Pharmacokinetics Laboratory
- Laboratory of Metabolomics
| | - Xijun Wang
- Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Collaboration Center
- National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry
- Chinmedomics Research Center of State Administration of TCM
- Pharmacokinetics Laboratory
- Laboratory of Metabolomics
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Wang X, Zhang A, Sun H, Han Y, Yan G. Discovery and development of innovative drug from traditional medicine by integrated chinmedomics strategies in the post-genomic era. Trends Analyt Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2015.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Sun H, Liu J, Zhang A, Zhang Y, Meng X, Han Y, Zhang Y, Wang X. Characterization of the multiple components of Acanthopanax Senticosus stem by ultra high performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2015; 39:496-502. [PMID: 26632031 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201500915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Acanthopanax Senticosus Harms. has been used widely in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of chronic bronchitis, neurasthenia, hypertension and ischemic heart disease. However, the in vivo constituents of the stem of Acanthopanax Senticosus remain unknown. In this paper, ultra high performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry and the MarkerLynx(TM) software combined with multiple data processing approach were used to study the constituents in vitro and in vivo. The aqueous extract from the Acanthopanax Senticosus stem and the compositions in rat serum after intragastric administration were completely analyzed. Consequently, 115 compounds in the aqueous extract from Acanthopanax Senticosus stem and 41 compounds absorbed into blood were characterized. Of the 115 compounds in vitro, 54 were reported for first time, including sinapyl alcohol, sinapyl alcohol diglucoside, and 1-O-sinapoyl-β-D-glucose. In the 41 compounds in vivo, 7 were prototype components and 34 were metabolites which were from 21 components of aqueous extract from Acanthopanax Senticosus stem, and the metabolic pathways of the metabolites were elucidated for first time. The results narrowed the range of screening the active components and provided a basis for the study of action mechanism and pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Sun
- National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Laboratory of Metabolomics and Chinmedomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Jianhua Liu
- National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Laboratory of Metabolomics and Chinmedomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China.,Research Center of Medical Science, Qiqihar Medical University, Jianhua District, Qiqihar, China
| | - Aihua Zhang
- National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Laboratory of Metabolomics and Chinmedomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Laboratory of Metabolomics and Chinmedomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Xiangcai Meng
- National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Laboratory of Metabolomics and Chinmedomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Ying Han
- National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Laboratory of Metabolomics and Chinmedomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Yingzhi Zhang
- National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Laboratory of Metabolomics and Chinmedomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Xijun Wang
- National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Laboratory of Metabolomics and Chinmedomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
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Xue C, Zhang A, Sun H, Han Y, Zou D, Wang Y, Wu X, Wang X. An improved ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization/quadrupole-time-of-flight high-definition mass spectrometry method for determining ingredients of herbal Fructus corni in blood samples. Pharmacogn Mag 2014; 10:422-9. [PMID: 25422541 PMCID: PMC4239718 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.141796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Revised: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Fructus Corni (FC), a well-known traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), derived from the dry ripe sarcocarp of Cornus officinalis Sieb. et Zucc (Cornaceae), has been widely prescribed to treat disease in China for centuries. It has attracted increasingly much attention as one of the most popular and valuable herbal medicine in clinic. However, the systematic analysis of the chemical constituents of FC is difficult to determine and remain unclear. Materials and Methods: In this work, a rapid, sensitive, and reliable ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization/quadrupole-time-of-flight high-definition mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI/QTOF/MS) with automated data analysis (MetaboLynx™) in negative ion mode were established to characterize the chemical constituents of FC and simultaneously identify components in blood after oral administration of FC, respectively. The analysis was performed on a Waters UPLC™ HSS T3 (2.1 × 100 mm, 1.8 μm) using gradient elution system. MS/MS fragmentation behaviors were proposed for aiding the structural identification of the components. Results: With optimized conditions, a total of 34 peaks were obtained from FC, 23 of which were tentatively characterized by comparing the retention time and mass spectrometry data and retrieving the reference literatures. Of note, the 25 compounds were identified after oral administration of FC, which might be the potential active components in vivo. Conclusion: The present study demonstrates the potential of UPLC-ESI/QTOF/MS approach for the rapid and reliable characterization of the metabolites of natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changsong Xue
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Key Laboratory of Metabolomics and Chinmedomics, and Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Aihua Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Key Laboratory of Metabolomics and Chinmedomics, and Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Hui Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Key Laboratory of Metabolomics and Chinmedomics, and Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Ying Han
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Key Laboratory of Metabolomics and Chinmedomics, and Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Di Zou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Key Laboratory of Metabolomics and Chinmedomics, and Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Yuying Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Key Laboratory of Metabolomics and Chinmedomics, and Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Xiuhong Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Key Laboratory of Metabolomics and Chinmedomics, and Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Xijun Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Key Laboratory of Metabolomics and Chinmedomics, and Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
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Kim JH, Shin HK, Seo CS. Optimization of the extraction process for the seven bioactive compounds in Yukmijihwang-tang, an herbal formula, using response surface methodology. Pharmacogn Mag 2014; 10:S606-13. [PMID: 25298681 PMCID: PMC4189279 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.139798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Revised: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Yukmijihwang-tang (YJT) contains multiple bioactive compounds. Heat-reflux extraction was employed and optimized for the extraction of the bioactive compounds in YJT. Objective: The determination of optimal conditions with maximum yields of bioactive compounds, gallic acid, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, morroniside, loganin, paeoniflorin, benzoic acid and paeonol, in YJT. Materials and Methods: The extraction ratio (ratio of water to herbal formula), extraction time and extraction number were set as individual values and the yields of the seven compounds were the response values that were optimized with a Box–Behnken design. Results: The optimal conditions obtained from response surface methodology (RSM) were 1:11.99 for the extraction ratio, 94.53 min for the extraction time and 2.21 for the extraction number. Under the optimal conditions, the response value of the experiment closely agreed with the predicted response value. Conclusions: The result suggests that RSM is successfully applied for optimizing the extraction of the marker compounds in YJT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Hoon Kim
- Herbal Medicine Formulation Research Group, Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeun-Kyoo Shin
- Herbal Medicine Formulation Research Group, Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Seob Seo
- Herbal Medicine Formulation Research Group, Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea
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Hao K, Qi Q, Wan P, Zhang J, Hao H, Liang Y, Xie L, Wang G, Sun J. Prediction of human pharmacokinetics from preclinical information of rhein, an antidiabetic nephropathy drug, using a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2013; 114:160-7. [PMID: 24118734 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to develop a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model of rhein to predict human pharmacokinetics before dosing for the first time in human beings. After oral administration of rhein at the doses of 35, 70 and 140 mg/kg in rat, rhein had the following mean plasma pharmacokinetic properties: t1/2 of 3.2, 3.6 and 4.3 hr, AUC∞ of 69.5, 164.3 and 237.8 μg/h/ml and CL/F of 503.4, 426.1 and 588.8 ml/hr/kg, respectively. In vitro, the intrinsic clearance (Clint ) of rhein in cytochrome P450 (CYP450), UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) and sulfotransferase (SULT) metabolism of rat was 0.6, 7.8, and 5.5 μl/min/mg protein, respectively. The Clint of rhein in CYP450, UGT and SULT of human beings was 0.10, 1.36 and 0.68 μl/min/mg protein. The rat pharmacokinetics and the metabolism data in vitro were used to construct the PBPK model of rhein, and the observed plasma drug concentration profiles of rhein in rat were validated by a PBPK model. Subsequently, the plasma drug concentration profiles of human beings by the present PBPK model were validated by experimental data in human beings accurately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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18
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Liu JH, Sun H, Zhang AH, Yan GL, Han Y, Xue CS, Zhou XH, Shi H, Wang XJ. Serum pharmacochemistry combined with multiple data processing approach to screen the bioactive components and their metabolites in Mutan Cortex by ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Biomed Chromatogr 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-hua Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry; Key Laboratory of Chinmedomics, and Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine; Heping Road 24 Harbin 150040 China
| | - Hui Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry; Key Laboratory of Chinmedomics, and Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine; Heping Road 24 Harbin 150040 China
| | - Ai-hua Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry; Key Laboratory of Chinmedomics, and Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine; Heping Road 24 Harbin 150040 China
| | - Guang-li Yan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry; Key Laboratory of Chinmedomics, and Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine; Heping Road 24 Harbin 150040 China
| | - Ying Han
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry; Key Laboratory of Chinmedomics, and Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine; Heping Road 24 Harbin 150040 China
| | - Chang-song Xue
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry; Key Laboratory of Chinmedomics, and Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine; Heping Road 24 Harbin 150040 China
| | - Xiao-hang Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry; Key Laboratory of Chinmedomics, and Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine; Heping Road 24 Harbin 150040 China
| | - Hui Shi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry; Key Laboratory of Chinmedomics, and Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine; Heping Road 24 Harbin 150040 China
| | - Xi-jun Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry; Key Laboratory of Chinmedomics, and Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine; Heping Road 24 Harbin 150040 China
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19
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Advancing drug discovery and development from active constituents of yinchenhao tang, a famous traditional chinese medicine formula. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:257909. [PMID: 24191164 PMCID: PMC3804150 DOI: 10.1155/2013/257909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Revised: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula has been playing a very important role in health protection and disease control for thousands of years. Guided by TCM syndrome theories, formula are designed to contain a combination of various kinds of crude drugs that, when combined, will achieve synergistic efficacy. However, the precise mechanism of synergistic action remains poorly understood. One example is a famous TCM formula Yinchenhao Tang (YCHT), whose efficacy in treating hepatic injury (HI) and Jaundice syndrome, has recently been well established as a case study. We also conducted a systematic analysis of synergistic effects of the principal compound using biochemistry, pharmacokinetics and systems biology, to explore the key molecular mechanisms. We had found that the three component (6,7-dimethylesculetin (D), geniposide (G), and rhein (R)) combination exerts a more robust synergistic effect than any one or two of the three individual compounds by hitting multiple targets. They can regulate molecular networks through activating both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways to synergistically cause intensified therapeutic effects. This paper provides an overview of the recent and potential developments of chemical fingerprinting coupled with systems biology advancing drug discovery towards more agile development of targeted combination therapies for the YCHT.
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20
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Zhang A, Sun H, Wang X. Potentiating therapeutic effects by enhancing synergism based on active constituents from traditional medicine. Phytother Res 2013; 28:526-33. [PMID: 23913598 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Revised: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Shifting current drug discovery tide from 'finding new drugs' to 'screening natural products' may be helpful for overcoming the 'more investment, fewer drugs' challenge. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), relying on natural products, has been playing a very important role in health protection and disease control for thousands of years in Asia, whose therapeutic efficacy is based on the 'synergism', that is, the combinational effects to be greater than that of the individual drug. Based on syndromes and patient characteristics and guided by the theories of TCM, formulae are designed to contain a combination of various kinds of crude drugs that, when combined, generally assume that a synergism of all ingredients will bring about the maximum of therapeutic efficacy. The increasing evidence has shown that multiple active component combinations of TCM could amplify the therapeutic efficacy of each agent, representing a new trend for modern medicine. However, the precise mechanism of synergistic action remains poorly understood. The present review highlights the concept of synergy and gives some examples of synergistic effects of TCM, and provides an overview of the recent and potential developments of advancing drug discovery towards more agile development of targeted combination therapies from TCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aihua Zhang
- National TCM Key Lab of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Key Lab of Chinmedomics, Key Pharmacometabolomics Platform of Chinese Medicines, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin, 150040, China
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21
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Lu SW, Zhang AH, Sun H, Yan GL, Han Y, Wu XH, Wang XJ. Ultra-performance liquid-chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry for rapid analysis of pharmacokinetics, biodistribution and excretion of schisandrin after oral administration of Shengmaisan. Biomed Chromatogr 2013; 27:1657-63. [PMID: 23852935 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.2976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Revised: 05/19/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the in vivo behaviors of the main components in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) fomulae. The plasma pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution and excretion of the main component-schisandrin in rats after oral administration of a classical TCM prescription, shengmaisan (SMS), were studied by a developed and validated UPLC-MS/MS method. The separation of schisandrin was achieved on a UPLC HSS T3 column with a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and water at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min by linear gradient elution. The MS/MS detection was carried out by monitoring the fragmentation of m/z 415.22 → 384.26 for schisandrin on a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. The result showed that the method was suitable for the quantification of schisandrin in plasma, tissue and excreta samples with satisfactory selectivity, precision, accuracy, sensitivity, linearity and recovery. Pharmacokinetic results showed a rapid absorption phase with the mean Tmax of 0.17 h and a relatively slow elimination proceeding with a half-life (T1/2 ) of 5.24 ± 1.28 h. The tissue distribution showed the maximum concentration distributions of schisandrin after oral administration of SMS were in the order of small intestine > large intestine > lung > liver > kidney > spleen > heart > brain. Only 0.005-0.006% of schisandrin was recovered in feces and was not detected in urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Wen Lu
- National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Key Lab of Chinmedomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin, 150040, China
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22
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Sun H, Wu F, Zhang A, Wei W, Han Y, Wang X. Profiling and identification of the absorbed constituents and metabolites of schisandra lignans by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Biomed Chromatogr 2013; 27:1511-9. [PMID: 23760884 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.2951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2013] [Revised: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Schisandra chinensis Baill grows wild in Russia, China, Korea and Japan, and its fruit has been found to be effective in amnesia and insomnia. It is enriched in schisandra lignans (SL) that are major components responsible for therapeutic action. However, there are no reports on the biotransformation analysis of SL. An ultra-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray-ionization high-definition mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-HDMS) method was developed to investigate the metabolism of SL in vivo. MS was performed on a Waters Micromass high-definition system with an electrospray ionization source in positive ion mode and automated MetaboLynx software analysis with excellent MS accuracy and enhanced MS data acquisition. An improved mass defect filter (MDF) method employing both drug and core structure filter templates was applied to the processing of UPLC-Q-TOF-HDMS data for the detection and structural characterization of metabolites. In this study, 30 metabolites were detected and identified in vivo, and demethylation and hydroxylation were confirmed as the primacy metabolic pathway for SL in rat plasma. In conclusion, the presently developed methodology was suitable for biotransformation research of SL and will find wide use in metabolic studies for other herbal medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Sun
- National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Key Lab of Chinmedomics, and Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin, 150040, China
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Zhang A, Sun H, Wu G, Sun W, Yuan Y, Wang X. Proteomics analysis of hepatoprotective effects for scoparone using MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry with bioinformatics. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2013; 17:224-9. [PMID: 23514563 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2012.0064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Scoparone is an active ingredient of Yinchenhao (Artemisia annua L.), a well-known Chinese medicinal plant, and has been utilized in prevention and therapy of liver damage. However, the molecular drug targets associated with the pharmacological effects of scoparone are largely unknown. In the present article, we extend the previous research on Yinchenhao through a study of its active ingredient and thus the putative targets of scoparone. We employed two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, and all proteins expressed were identified by MALDI-TOF/TOF MS and database research. Protein-interacting networks and pathways were also mapped and evaluated. The possible protein network associated with scoparone was constructed, and contribution of these proteins to the protective effect of scoparone against the carbon tetrachloride-induced acute liver injury in rats are discussed herein. Hepatoprotective effects of scoparone on liver injury in rats were associated with regulated expression of six proteins which were closely related in our protein-protein interaction network, and appear to be involved in antioxidation and signal transduction, energy production, immunity, metabolism, and chaperoning. These observations collectively provide new insights on the molecular mechanisms of scoparone action against hepatic damage in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aihua Zhang
- National TCM Key Lab of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Key Pharmacometabolomics Platform of Chinese Medicines, and Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
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Wang X, Zhang A, Wang P, Sun H, Wu G, Sun W, Lv H, Jiao G, Xu H, Yuan Y, Liu L, Zou D, Wu Z, Han Y, Yan G, Dong W, Wu F, Dong T, Yu Y, Zhang S, Wu X, Tong X, Meng X. Metabolomics coupled with proteomics advancing drug discovery toward more agile development of targeted combination therapies. Mol Cell Proteomics 2013; 12:1226-38. [PMID: 23362329 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m112.021683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
To enhance the therapeutic efficacy and reduce the adverse effects of traditional Chinese medicine, practitioners often prescribe combinations of plant species and/or minerals, called formulae. Unfortunately, the working mechanisms of most of these compounds are difficult to determine and thus remain unknown. In an attempt to address the benefits of formulae based on current biomedical approaches, we analyzed the components of Yinchenhao Tang, a classical formula that has been shown to be clinically effective for treating hepatic injury syndrome. The three principal components of Yinchenhao Tang are Artemisia annua L., Gardenia jasminoids Ellis, and Rheum Palmatum L., whose major active ingredients are 6,7-dimethylesculetin (D), geniposide (G), and rhein (R), respectively. To determine the mechanisms underlying the efficacy of this formula, we conducted a systematic analysis of the therapeutic effects of the DGR compound using immunohistochemistry, biochemistry, metabolomics, and proteomics. Here, we report that the DGR combination exerts a more robust therapeutic effect than any one or two of the three individual compounds by hitting multiple targets in a rat model of hepatic injury. Thus, DGR synergistically causes intensified dynamic changes in metabolic biomarkers, regulates molecular networks through target proteins, has a synergistic/additive effect, and activates both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xijun Wang
- National TCM Key Lab of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Key Lab of Chinmedomics, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine and Key Pharmacometabolomic Platform of Chinese Medicines, Heping Road 24, Harbin 150040, China.
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Sun H, Wu F, Zhang A, Wei W, Han Y, Wang X. Pharmacokinetic study of schisandrin, schisandrol B, schisantherin A, deoxyschisandrin, and schisandrin B in rat plasma after oral administration of Shengmaisan formula by UPLC-MS. J Sep Sci 2013; 36:485-91. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201200887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2012] [Revised: 10/08/2012] [Accepted: 10/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Sun
- National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry; Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, and Key Pharmacometabolomics Platform of Chinese Medicines; Harbin P. R. China
| | - Fangfang Wu
- National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry; Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, and Key Pharmacometabolomics Platform of Chinese Medicines; Harbin P. R. China
| | - Aihua Zhang
- National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry; Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, and Key Pharmacometabolomics Platform of Chinese Medicines; Harbin P. R. China
| | - Wenfeng Wei
- National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry; Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, and Key Pharmacometabolomics Platform of Chinese Medicines; Harbin P. R. China
| | - Ying Han
- National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry; Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, and Key Pharmacometabolomics Platform of Chinese Medicines; Harbin P. R. China
| | - Xijun Wang
- National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry; Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, and Key Pharmacometabolomics Platform of Chinese Medicines; Harbin P. R. China
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Sun H, Dong W, Zhang A, Wang W, Wang X. Pharmacokinetics study of multiple components absorbed in rat plasma after oral administration of Stemonae radix using ultra-performance liquid-chromatography/mass spectrometry with automated MetaboLynx software analysis. J Sep Sci 2012; 35:3477-85. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201200791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2012] [Revised: 09/04/2012] [Accepted: 09/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Sun
- National TCM Key Lab of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine; and Key Pharmacometabolomics Platform of Chinese Medicines; Harbin China
| | - Wei Dong
- National TCM Key Lab of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine; and Key Pharmacometabolomics Platform of Chinese Medicines; Harbin China
| | - Aihua Zhang
- National TCM Key Lab of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine; and Key Pharmacometabolomics Platform of Chinese Medicines; Harbin China
| | - Weiming Wang
- National TCM Key Lab of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine; and Key Pharmacometabolomics Platform of Chinese Medicines; Harbin China
| | - Xijun Wang
- National TCM Key Lab of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine; and Key Pharmacometabolomics Platform of Chinese Medicines; Harbin China
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27
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Sun H, Dong W, Zhang A, Wang W, Wang X. Ultra-performance liquid-chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry performing pharmacokinetic and biodistribution studies of croomine, neotuberostemonine and tuberostemonine alkaloids absorbed in the rat plasma after oral administration of Stemonae Radix. Fitoterapia 2012; 83:1699-705. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2012.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2012] [Revised: 09/14/2012] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Sun H, Dong T, Zhang A, Yang J, Yan G, Sakurai T, Wu X, Han Y, Wang X. Pharmacokinetics of hesperetin and naringenin in the Zhi Zhu Wan, a traditional Chinese medicinal formulae, and its pharmacodynamics study. Phytother Res 2012; 27:1345-51. [PMID: 23148023 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.4867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2012] [Revised: 09/21/2012] [Accepted: 09/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Zhi Zhu Wan (ZZW), a classical Chinese medical formulae consisted of Atractylodes Rhizome and Fructus Citrus Immaturus, has been commonly used for treatment of gastrointestinal diseases. Hesperetin and naringenin are the main components of ZZW, and both can alleviate intestinal tract disorders. In this work, plasma pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics characteristics of ZZW after oral administration were investigated using a rapid and sensitive ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method with an electrospray ionization source in positive ion mode. Biosamples were prepared using methanolic precipitation, and the separation of hesperetin and naringenin was achieved on a Waters ACQUITY HSS BEH (2.1 mm × 5 mm, 1.7 µm) column by linear gradient elution, and the total run time was only 3 min. Data were analyzed and estimated using WinNonlin Professional version 5.1. With pharmacokinetic analysis, the estimated pharmacokinetic parameters (i.e. C(max), area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) and t(1/2)), were C(max) = 776.06 ng/mL, AUC = 9473 ng/mL·h, t1/2 = 5.26 h for hesperetin and C(max) = 2910.6 ng/mL, AUC = 40607.9 ng/mL·h, t1/2 = 4.69 h for naringenin, respectively. In the present study, we have also valuated and clarified the effect of ZZW on small intestinal movement. It was found that ZZW can accelerate intestinal motility in mice and may hold a promising treatment for intestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Sun
- National TCM Key Lab of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, and Key Pharmacometabolomics Platform of Chinese Medicines, Heping Road 24, Harbin 150040, China
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