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Wang ZW, Liu C, Zhang AH, Yan GL, Sun H, Han Y, Ma WT, Wang XJ. Discovery of Q-markers of Wenxin Formula based on a Chinmedomics strategy. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 298:115576. [PMID: 35963421 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Wenxin Formula (WXF) is a well-known prescription with a significant curative effect in the treatment of cardiac disease. However, the lack of quality control standards caused by unclear quality control components limits the development of new drugs. AIM OF THE STUDY The aims of this research were to discover the effective materials and screen the quality markers of WXF through a chinmedomics strategy to aid in efficacy evaluation. MATERIAL AND METHODS The therapeutic effect of WXF against myocardial ischaemia (MI) was evaluated by serum metabolic profiling combined with routine electrocardiography; analyses of the serum biochemical indices CK, CK-MB and α-HBDH; and histopathological tests involving TTC staining and HE staining. The raw data of serum samples were obtained by UPLC-HDMS, and multivariate statistical analysis was performed with Progenesis QI software. PCMS software was used to sift the quality markers of WXF. RESULTS A total of 25 metabolites were characterized as biomarkers for myocardial ischaemia, and Wenxin Formula reversed the levels of 23 of them that were involved in arachidonic acid metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, lysine degradation, and tyrosine metabolism. Eight constituents absorbed into blood were considered to form the effective material basis of Wenxin Formula for treating myocardial ischaemia, and the Q-markers selected through PCMS were ginsenoside Rb1, cinnamic acid, paeoniflorin and berberine. CONCLUSIONS WXF significantly ameliorated the clinical symptoms, pathological changes and metabolic abnormalities of myocardial ischaemia. This study shows that chinmedomics is a powerful strategy to filter Q-markers from effective constituents to rationally evaluate the efficacy and safety of TCMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zong-Wei Wang
- National Chinmedomics Research Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Chang Liu
- National Chinmedomics Research Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Ai-Hua Zhang
- National Chinmedomics Research Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Guang-Li Yan
- National Chinmedomics Research Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Hui Sun
- National Chinmedomics Research Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Ying Han
- National Chinmedomics Research Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Wei-Tong Ma
- National Chinmedomics Research Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Xi-Jun Wang
- National Chinmedomics Research Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, China.
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Effect of the ethyl acetate extract of Sophora flavescens Aiton on diabetic retinopathy based on untargeted retinal metabolomics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2022; 1198:123233. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2022.123233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Han Y, Sun H, Zhang A, Yan G, Wang XJ. Chinmedomics, a new strategy for evaluating the therapeutic efficacy of herbal medicines. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 216:107680. [PMID: 32956722 PMCID: PMC7500400 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Herbal medicines have accumulated valuable clinical experience in thousands of years of applications in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) or ethnomedicine. The unique multi-target efficacy on complex diseases made herbal medicines gained a global popularity in recent years. However, the characteristic of multi-component acting on multi-target poses a dilemma for the evaluation of therapeutic efficacy of herbal medicines. Advances in metabolomics enable efficient identification of the various changes in biological systems exposed to different treatments or conditions. The use of serum pharmacochemistry of TCM has significant implications for tackling the major issue in herbal medicines development-pharmacodynamic material basis. Chinmedomics integrates metabolomics and serum pharmacochemistry of TCM to investigate the pharmacodynamic material basis and effective mechanisms of herbal medicines on the basis of TCM syndromes and holds the promise of explaining therapeutic efficacy of herbal medicines in scientific language. In this review, the historical development of chinmedomics from concept formation to successful applications was discussed. We also took the systematic research of Yin Chen Hao Tang (YCHT) as an example to show the research strategy of chinmedomics.
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Chen L, Shao J, Luo Y, Zhao L, Zhao K, Gao Y, Wang S, Liu Y. An integrated metabolism in vivo analysis and network pharmacology in UC rats reveal anti-ulcerative colitis effects from Sophora flavescens EtOAc extract. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 186:113306. [PMID: 32371325 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC), an immune system disease, is characterized by long duration and easy relapse. Sophora flavescens (S. flavescens), also named "Kushen", is a traditional Chinese medicine, widely used to treat UC in clinics. Alkaloids and flavonoids are the main constituents of S. flavescens. Previous studies indicated that the effects of S. flavescens against UC mainly attribute to its alkaloids. In view of the clinical applications of its flavonoids and our preliminary experiments on the effects of S. flavescens treatment, we speculated that flavonoids also could exert an anti-UC effect, but its efficacy and mechanism are still not yet to be revealed. Herein, we examined the pharmacodynamic effects of the ethyl acetate (EtOAc) extract of S. flavescens EtOAc (SFE) against dextran sodium sulfate-induced UC rats for the first time. Pharmacodynamic effects indicated that SFE could significantly alleviate the loss in the body weight and shortening of the colon length, reduce colon bleeding and improve colon tissue damage of UC rats. A total of 28 prototypes and 41 metabolites were unambiguously or tentatively detected in rat's plasma and urine. Among them, 28 prototypes and 3 phase I metabolites shared 40 UC targets, the targets contributed to 51 metabolic pathways in 5 modules. Additionally, genistein, formononetin, isokurarinone, kurarinone, maackiain, kushenol N, trifolirnizin, kuraridin and norkurarinone were suggested to be potential active compounds in SFE for treating UC by comprehensively investigating the results of network pharmacology analysis, metabolic analysis in vivo, and previous researches. Finally, a combination of metabolic analysis in vivo with network pharmacology can elucidate the material basis and pharmacodynamic effect of traditional Chinese medicines, and lay the foundation for further clarify the anti-UC mechanism of SFE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medical of State Administration of TCM, China, Engineering & Technology Research Center for Chines Materia Medical Quality of Guangdong Province, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Jing Shao
- Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medical of State Administration of TCM, China, Engineering & Technology Research Center for Chines Materia Medical Quality of Guangdong Province, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Yun Luo
- Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medical of State Administration of TCM, China, Engineering & Technology Research Center for Chines Materia Medical Quality of Guangdong Province, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Linlin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medical of State Administration of TCM, China, Engineering & Technology Research Center for Chines Materia Medical Quality of Guangdong Province, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Kairui Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medical of State Administration of TCM, China, Engineering & Technology Research Center for Chines Materia Medical Quality of Guangdong Province, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Yanping Gao
- Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medical of State Administration of TCM, China, Engineering & Technology Research Center for Chines Materia Medical Quality of Guangdong Province, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Shumei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medical of State Administration of TCM, China, Engineering & Technology Research Center for Chines Materia Medical Quality of Guangdong Province, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Yi Liu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
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Li WX, Zhang AH, Zhou XH, Nan Y, Liu Q, Sun H, Fang H, Wang XJ. High-throughput liquid chromatography mass-spectrometry-driven lipidomics discover metabolic biomarkers and pathways as promising targets to reveal the therapeutic effects of the Shenqi pill. RSC Adv 2020; 10:2347-2358. [PMID: 35494613 PMCID: PMC9048437 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra07621b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipidomics, a branch of metabonomics, could provide a powerful technique for discovery of lipid molecules to reveal disease status and drug efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-xiu Li
- Engineering Research Center of Efficacy Evaluation and Industrial Development of TCM Classic Formulae of the Ministry of Education
- National Chinmedomics Research Center
- Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Collaboration Center
- National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry
- Metabolomics Laboratory
| | - Ai-hua Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Efficacy Evaluation and Industrial Development of TCM Classic Formulae of the Ministry of Education
- National Chinmedomics Research Center
- Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Collaboration Center
- National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry
- Metabolomics Laboratory
| | - Xiao-hang Zhou
- Engineering Research Center of Efficacy Evaluation and Industrial Development of TCM Classic Formulae of the Ministry of Education
- National Chinmedomics Research Center
- Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Collaboration Center
- National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry
- Metabolomics Laboratory
| | - Yang Nan
- Engineering Research Center of Efficacy Evaluation and Industrial Development of TCM Classic Formulae of the Ministry of Education
- National Chinmedomics Research Center
- Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Collaboration Center
- National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry
- Metabolomics Laboratory
| | - Qi Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Efficacy Evaluation and Industrial Development of TCM Classic Formulae of the Ministry of Education
- National Chinmedomics Research Center
- Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Collaboration Center
- National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry
- Metabolomics Laboratory
| | - Hui Sun
- Engineering Research Center of Efficacy Evaluation and Industrial Development of TCM Classic Formulae of the Ministry of Education
- National Chinmedomics Research Center
- Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Collaboration Center
- National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry
- Metabolomics Laboratory
| | - Heng Fang
- Engineering Research Center of Efficacy Evaluation and Industrial Development of TCM Classic Formulae of the Ministry of Education
- National Chinmedomics Research Center
- Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Collaboration Center
- National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry
- Metabolomics Laboratory
| | - Xi-jun Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Efficacy Evaluation and Industrial Development of TCM Classic Formulae of the Ministry of Education
- National Chinmedomics Research Center
- Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Collaboration Center
- National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry
- Metabolomics Laboratory
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Wang Y, Sun Q, Li Y, Wang H, Wu K, Yu CP. Biotransformation of estrone, 17β-estradiol and 17α-ethynylestradiol by four species of microalgae. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 180:723-732. [PMID: 31152986 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.05.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Natural and synthetic estrogens have been widely detected in wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) influent and effluent as well as in the corresponding receiving aqueous environment and other ecosystems. Microalgae can be used to remove nitrogen and phosphorus in wastewater, but the species-dependent removal of estrogens needs further investigation. In this study we investigated estrone, 17β-estradiol and 17α-ethynylestradiol removals and transformation products by four common microalgae Haematococcus pluvialis, Selenastrum capricornutum, Scenedesmus quadricauda, and Chlorella vulgaris. It was found that H. pluvialis, S. capricornutum and S. quadricauda could more effectively remove all three estrogens in synthetic wastewater effluent. The estrogenic activities i.e. 17β-estradiol equivalency determined by yeast estrogenic screening assay showed substantial estrogenic activity reductions after biotransformation by H. pluvialis, S. capricornutum, and S. quadricauda. Quadrupole Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry results identified several possible ring-cleavage metabolites as well as their metabolic pathways, which had not been reported yet, confirming the estrogen degradation rather than mere absorption or uptake by microalgae. The findings demonstrate that not only can some specific bacteria degrade estrogens, but also the widely living microalgae are able to degrade these emerging pollutants, suggesting that microalgae could be an advanced treatment of WWTPs to remove nutrients and estrogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwen Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100043, China
| | - Qian Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Yan Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100043, China
| | - Hongjie Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100043, China
| | - Kun Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China; Ningbo Research Center for Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315800, China
| | - Chang-Ping Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China; Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan.
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Wang XQ, Zhang AH, Miao JH, Sun H, Yan GL, Wu FF, Wang XJ. Gut microbiota as important modulator of metabolism in health and disease. RSC Adv 2018; 8:42380-42389. [PMID: 35558413 PMCID: PMC9092240 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra08094a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The human gastrointestinal tract colonizes a large number of microbial microflora, forms a host-microbiota co-metabolism structure with the host to participate in various metabolic processes in the human body, and plays a major role in the host immune response. In addition, the dysbiosis of intestinal microbial homeostasis is closely related to many diseases. Thus, an in-depth understanding of the relationship between them is of importance for disease pathogenesis, prevention and treatment. The combined use of metagenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics techniques for the analysis of gut microbiota can reveal the relationship between microbiota and the host in many ways, which has become a hot topic of analysis in recent years. This review describes the mechanism of co-metabolites in host health, including short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and bile acid metabolism. The metabolic role of gut microbiota in obesity, liver diseases, gastrointestinal diseases and other diseases is also summarized, and the research methods for multi-omics combined application on gut microbiota are summarized. According to the studies of the interaction mechanism between gut microbiota and the host, we have a better understanding of the use of intestinal microflora in the treatment of related diseases. It is hoped that the gut microbiota can be utilized to maintain human health, providing a reference for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Qian Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for the Development of Southwestern Endangered Medicinal Materials, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plant Nanning Guangxi China +86-451-82110818 +86-451-82110818
- National Chinmedomics Research Center, Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Collaboration Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Chinmedomics Research Center of State Administration of TCM, Laboratory of Metabolomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine Heping Road 24 Harbin China
| | - Ai-Hua Zhang
- National Chinmedomics Research Center, Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Collaboration Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Chinmedomics Research Center of State Administration of TCM, Laboratory of Metabolomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine Heping Road 24 Harbin China
| | - Jian-Hua Miao
- National Engineering Laboratory for the Development of Southwestern Endangered Medicinal Materials, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plant Nanning Guangxi China +86-451-82110818 +86-451-82110818
| | - Hui Sun
- National Chinmedomics Research Center, Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Collaboration Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Chinmedomics Research Center of State Administration of TCM, Laboratory of Metabolomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine Heping Road 24 Harbin China
| | - Guang-Li Yan
- National Chinmedomics Research Center, Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Collaboration Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Chinmedomics Research Center of State Administration of TCM, Laboratory of Metabolomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine Heping Road 24 Harbin China
| | - Fang-Fang Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory for the Development of Southwestern Endangered Medicinal Materials, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plant Nanning Guangxi China +86-451-82110818 +86-451-82110818
| | - Xi-Jun Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for the Development of Southwestern Endangered Medicinal Materials, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plant Nanning Guangxi China +86-451-82110818 +86-451-82110818
- National Chinmedomics Research Center, Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Collaboration Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Chinmedomics Research Center of State Administration of TCM, Laboratory of Metabolomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine Heping Road 24 Harbin China
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Side effects of methotrexate therapy for rheumatoid arthritis: A systematic review. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 158:502-516. [PMID: 30243154 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Methotrexate (MTX) is used as an anchor disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) in treating rheumatoid arthritis (RA) because of its potent efficacy and tolerability. MTX benefits a large number of RA patients but partially suffered from side effects. A variety of side effects can be associated with MTX when treating RA patients, from mild to severe or discontinuation of the treatment. In this report, we reviewed the possible side effects that MTX might cause from the most common gastrointestinal toxicity effects to less frequent malignant diseases. In order to achieve regimen with less side effects, the administration of MTX with appropriate dose and a careful pretreatment inspection is necessary. Further investigations are required when combining MTX with other drugs so as to enhance the efficacy and reduce side effects at the same time. The management of MTX treatment is also discussed to provide strategies for occurred side effects. Thus, this review will provide scholars with a comprehensive understanding the side effects of MTX administration by RA patients.
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Zhang AH, Yu JB, Sun H, Kong L, Wang XQ, Zhang QY, Wang XJ. Identifying quality-markers from Shengmai San protects against transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease using chinmedomics approach. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 45:84-92. [PMID: 29685366 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Shengmai San (SMS), a Chinese classic herbal formula, has been widely used for the treatment of Qi-Yin deficiency syndrome in Asia. Modern pharmacological studies have shown that SMS improves the cognitive function. However, the quality markers (Q-markers) for SMS still need further research. PURPOSE Using chinmedocmics strategy to systematically evaluate the efficacy of SMS in the treatment of APPswe/PS1dE9 (APP/PS1) transgenic model of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and to discover the efficacy-related Q-markers. METHODS The effect of SMS on APP/PS1 mice was evaluated by behavioral test, immunohistochemistry and urine metabolic profile, and the urine marker metabolites associated with SMS treatment of AD were characterized using metabolomics method. In the premise of efficacy, Serum Pharmacochemistry of Traditional Chinese Medicine was applied to investigate the in vivo constituents of SMS. A correlation analysis between marker metabolites of therapeutic effects and serum constituents was completed by chinmedomics approach. RESULTS SMS had a therapeutic effect on APP/PS1 mice, and 34 potential urine biomarkers were reversed by SMS treatment. A total of 17 in vivo constituents were detected, including 14 prototype components and 3 metabolites. The correlation analysis showed that eight constituents were extremely correlated with protective effects of SMS in AD, and considered as potential Q-markers of SMS, including schisandrin, isoschisandrin, angeloylgomisin Q, gomisin D, angeloylgomisin H, gomisin M2, ginsenoside F1, 20(R)-ginsenoside Rg3. CONCLUSION This study has demonstrated that chinmedomics is novel strategy for discovering the potential effective constituents from herbal formula, which are recognized as Q-markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Hua Zhang
- Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Collaboration Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Chinmedomics Research Center of State Administration of TCM, Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Jing-Bo Yu
- Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Collaboration Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Chinmedomics Research Center of State Administration of TCM, Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Hui Sun
- Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Collaboration Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Chinmedomics Research Center of State Administration of TCM, Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Ling Kong
- Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Collaboration Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Chinmedomics Research Center of State Administration of TCM, Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xiang-Qian Wang
- Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Collaboration Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Chinmedomics Research Center of State Administration of TCM, Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Qing-Yu Zhang
- Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Collaboration Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Chinmedomics Research Center of State Administration of TCM, Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xi-Jun Wang
- Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Collaboration Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Chinmedomics Research Center of State Administration of TCM, Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin 150040, China; State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, AvenidaWai Long, Taipa, Macau, China.
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New analytical method for determination of epimer metabolites in rat plasma after oral administration of Paeoniflorin by UPLC-TOF-MS following picolinoyl derivatization. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 141:173-179. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.03.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Du Y, He B, Li Q, He J, Wang D, Bi K. Identification and analysis of chemical constituents and rat serum metabolites in Suan-Zao-Ren granule using ultra high performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry combined with multiple data processing approaches. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:2914-2924. [PMID: 28544541 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 05/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Suan-Zao-Ren granule is widely used to treat insomnia in China. However, because of the complexity and diversity of the chemical compositions in traditional Chinese medicine formula, the comprehensive analysis of constituents in vitro and in vivo is rather difficult. In our study, an ultra high performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry and the PeakView® software, which uses multiple data processing approaches including product ion filter, neutral loss filter, and mass defect filter, method was developed to characterize the ingredients and rat serum metabolites in Suan-Zao-Ren granule. A total of 101 constituents were detected in vitro. Under the same analysis conditions, 68 constituents were characterized in rat serum, including 35 prototype components and 33 metabolites. The metabolic pathways of main components were also illustrated. Among them, the metabolic pathways of timosaponin AI were firstly revealed. The bioactive compounds mainly underwent the phase I metabolic pathways including hydroxylation, oxidation, hydrolysis, and phase II metabolic pathways including sulfate conjugation, glucuronide conjugation, cysteine conjugation, acetycysteine conjugation, and glutathione conjugation. In conclusion, our results showed that this analysis approach was extremely useful for the in-depth pharmacological research of Suan-Zao-Ren granule and provided a chemical basis for its rational.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyang Du
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China.,National and Local United Engineering Laboratory for Key Technology of Chinese Material Medica Quality Control, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bosai He
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China.,National and Local United Engineering Laboratory for Key Technology of Chinese Material Medica Quality Control, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qing Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China.,National and Local United Engineering Laboratory for Key Technology of Chinese Material Medica Quality Control, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jiao He
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China.,National and Local United Engineering Laboratory for Key Technology of Chinese Material Medica Quality Control, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Di Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China.,National and Local United Engineering Laboratory for Key Technology of Chinese Material Medica Quality Control, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Kaishun Bi
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China.,National and Local United Engineering Laboratory for Key Technology of Chinese Material Medica Quality Control, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
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Wang K, Chai L, Feng X, Liu Z, Liu H, Ding L, Qiu F. Metabolites identification of berberine in rats using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 139:73-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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13
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Wang K, Chai L, Ding L, Qiu F. Identification of metabolites of palmatine in rats after oral administration using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2017; 31:523-537. [PMID: 28044413 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Palmatine (PAL), a protopalmatine alkaloid, is an active constituent in a number of medicinal plants. In order to obtain a comprehensive and systematic metabolic profile of PAL, we investigated its metabolites in plasma, liver tissue, bile, urine, and feces samples after intragastrical administration to Sprague-Dawley rats with a dose of 100 mg/kg/day. METHODS In this study, a rapid and sensitive method by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/QTOF-MS), and Metabolynx™ software with the mass defect filter (MDF) technique was developed for screening and identification of the metabolites. The structural elucidation of the metabolites was performed by comparing their molecular weights and fragment ions with those of the parent drug. RESULTS As a result, a total of 58 metabolites were identified in rat biological samples including 46 metabolites in urine, 18 metabolites in plasma, 34 metabolites in bile, 26 metabolites in liver tissue, and 10 metabolites in feces. Among them, six major metabolites were fully confirmed using reference standards and others were identified by retention time, accurate mass and fragment ions. CONCLUSIONS These results indicated that phase I reactions (demethylation and hydroxylation) and phase II reaction (glucuronidation and sulfation) were the main metabolic pathways of PAL in vivo. This research enhances our understanding of metabolism of PAL in rats, and provides useful information on the action mechanism of PAL. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, P.R. China
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, P.R. China
| | - Liwei Chai
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, P.R. China
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, P.R. China
| | - Liqin Ding
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, P.R. China
| | - Feng Qiu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, P.R. China
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, P.R. China
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14
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Liu C, Zhang A, Yan GL, Shi H, Sun H, Han Y, Zhou Y, Wang X. High-throughput ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry method for the rapid analysis and characterization of multiple constituents of Radix Polygalae. J Sep Sci 2016; 40:663-670. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201600624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Cooperation Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Research Center of Chinmedomics (State Administration of TCM), Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Laboratory of Metabolomics; Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine; Harbin P.R. China
| | - Aihua Zhang
- Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Cooperation Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Research Center of Chinmedomics (State Administration of TCM), Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Laboratory of Metabolomics; Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine; Harbin P.R. China
| | - Guang-li Yan
- Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Cooperation Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Research Center of Chinmedomics (State Administration of TCM), Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Laboratory of Metabolomics; Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine; Harbin P.R. China
| | - Hui Shi
- Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Cooperation Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Research Center of Chinmedomics (State Administration of TCM), Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Laboratory of Metabolomics; Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine; Harbin P.R. China
| | - Hui Sun
- Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Cooperation Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Research Center of Chinmedomics (State Administration of TCM), Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Laboratory of Metabolomics; Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine; Harbin P.R. China
| | - Ying Han
- Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Cooperation Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Research Center of Chinmedomics (State Administration of TCM), Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Laboratory of Metabolomics; Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine; Harbin P.R. China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Cooperation Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Research Center of Chinmedomics (State Administration of TCM), Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Laboratory of Metabolomics; Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine; Harbin P.R. China
| | - Xijun Wang
- Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Cooperation Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Research Center of Chinmedomics (State Administration of TCM), Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Laboratory of Metabolomics; Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine; Harbin P.R. China
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15
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Li XN, Zhang A, Sun H, Song Y, Zou D, Wang X. Rapid discovery of absorbed constituents and metabolites in rat plasma after the oral administration ofZi Shen Wanusing high-throughput UHPLC-MS with a multivariate analysis approach. J Sep Sci 2016; 39:4700-4711. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201600812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Na Li
- Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Cooperation Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Research Center of Chinmedomics (State Administration of TCM), Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Laboratory of Metabolomics; Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine; Harbin China
| | - Aihua Zhang
- Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Cooperation Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Research Center of Chinmedomics (State Administration of TCM), Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Laboratory of Metabolomics; Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine; Harbin China
| | - Hui Sun
- Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Cooperation Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Research Center of Chinmedomics (State Administration of TCM), Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Laboratory of Metabolomics; Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine; Harbin China
| | - Yanhua Song
- Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Cooperation Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Research Center of Chinmedomics (State Administration of TCM), Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Laboratory of Metabolomics; Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine; Harbin China
| | - Di Zou
- Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Cooperation Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Research Center of Chinmedomics (State Administration of TCM), Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Laboratory of Metabolomics; Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine; Harbin China
| | - Xijun Wang
- Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Cooperation Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Research Center of Chinmedomics (State Administration of TCM), Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Laboratory of Metabolomics; Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine; Harbin China
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16
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17
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Sun H, Liu J, Zhang A, Zhang Y, Meng X, Han Y, Zhang Y, Wang X. Characterization of the multiple components of Acanthopanax Senticosus stem by ultra high performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2015; 39:496-502. [PMID: 26632031 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201500915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Acanthopanax Senticosus Harms. has been used widely in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of chronic bronchitis, neurasthenia, hypertension and ischemic heart disease. However, the in vivo constituents of the stem of Acanthopanax Senticosus remain unknown. In this paper, ultra high performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry and the MarkerLynx(TM) software combined with multiple data processing approach were used to study the constituents in vitro and in vivo. The aqueous extract from the Acanthopanax Senticosus stem and the compositions in rat serum after intragastric administration were completely analyzed. Consequently, 115 compounds in the aqueous extract from Acanthopanax Senticosus stem and 41 compounds absorbed into blood were characterized. Of the 115 compounds in vitro, 54 were reported for first time, including sinapyl alcohol, sinapyl alcohol diglucoside, and 1-O-sinapoyl-β-D-glucose. In the 41 compounds in vivo, 7 were prototype components and 34 were metabolites which were from 21 components of aqueous extract from Acanthopanax Senticosus stem, and the metabolic pathways of the metabolites were elucidated for first time. The results narrowed the range of screening the active components and provided a basis for the study of action mechanism and pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Sun
- National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Laboratory of Metabolomics and Chinmedomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Jianhua Liu
- National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Laboratory of Metabolomics and Chinmedomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China.,Research Center of Medical Science, Qiqihar Medical University, Jianhua District, Qiqihar, China
| | - Aihua Zhang
- National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Laboratory of Metabolomics and Chinmedomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Laboratory of Metabolomics and Chinmedomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Xiangcai Meng
- National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Laboratory of Metabolomics and Chinmedomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Ying Han
- National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Laboratory of Metabolomics and Chinmedomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Yingzhi Zhang
- National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Laboratory of Metabolomics and Chinmedomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Xijun Wang
- National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Laboratory of Metabolomics and Chinmedomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
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18
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Tao S, Huang Y, Chen Z, Chen Y, Wang Y, Wang Y. Rapid identification of anti-inflammatory compounds from Tongmai Yangxin Pills by liquid chromatography with high-resolution mass spectrometry and chemometric analysis. J Sep Sci 2015; 38:1881-93. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201401481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Revised: 03/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shan Tao
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou China
| | - Yi Huang
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou China
| | - Zhui Chen
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou China
| | - Yaqi Chen
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou China
| | - Yi Wang
- TCM Research Center; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Tianjin China
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Tianjin China
| | - Yi Wang
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou China
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Liu C, Zhang A, Han Y, Lu S, Sun H, Yan G, Wang P, Wang X. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry screening and analysis of potential bioactive compounds from traditional chinese medicine Kai-Xin-San, using a multivariate data processing approach and the MetaboLynx tool. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra08992h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has been used in clinical practice for several thousand years, with an indispensable role in prevention and treatment of disease using multiple ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry
- Laboratory of Metabolomics and Chinmedomics
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine
- Harbin 150040
| | - Aihua Zhang
- National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry
- Laboratory of Metabolomics and Chinmedomics
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine
- Harbin 150040
| | - Ying Han
- National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry
- Laboratory of Metabolomics and Chinmedomics
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine
- Harbin 150040
| | - Shengwen Lu
- National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry
- Laboratory of Metabolomics and Chinmedomics
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine
- Harbin 150040
| | - Hui Sun
- National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry
- Laboratory of Metabolomics and Chinmedomics
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine
- Harbin 150040
| | - Guangli Yan
- National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry
- Laboratory of Metabolomics and Chinmedomics
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine
- Harbin 150040
| | - Ping Wang
- National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry
- Laboratory of Metabolomics and Chinmedomics
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine
- Harbin 150040
| | - Xijun Wang
- National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry
- Laboratory of Metabolomics and Chinmedomics
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine
- Harbin 150040
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