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Dong Y, Zou Z, Deng P, Fan X, Li C. Circulating metabolites and depression: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1146613. [PMID: 37152596 PMCID: PMC10160621 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1146613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Studies have shown an association between depression and circulating metabolites, but the causal relationship between them has not been elucidated. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the causal relationship between circulating metabolites and depression and to explore the role of circulating metabolites in depression. Methods In this study, the top single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with circulating metabolites (n = 24,925) and depression (n = 322,580) were obtained based on the publicly available genome-wide association study using two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR). SNP estimates were summarized through inverse variance weighted, MR Egger, weighted median, MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier, and "leave-one-out" methods. Results Apolipoprotein A-I (OR 0.990, 95% CI 981-0.999) and glutamine (OR 0.985, 95% CI 0.972-0.997) had protective causal effects on depression, whereas acetoacetate (OR 1.021, 95% CI 1.009-1.034), glycoproteins (OR 1.005, 95% CI 1.000-1.009), isoleucine (OR 1.013, 95% CI 1.002-1.024), and urea (OR 1.020, 95% CI 1.000-1.039) had an anti-protective effect on depression. Reversed MR showed no effect of depression on the seven circulating metabolites. Conclusion In this study, MR analysis showed that apolipoprotein A-I and glutamine had a protective effect on depression, and acetoacetate, glycoprotein, isoleucine, glucose, and urea may be risk factors for depression. Therefore, further research must be conducted to translate the findings into practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yankai Dong
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zengxiao Zou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Pin Deng
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoping Fan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Xiaoping Fan
| | - Chunlin Li
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
- *Correspondence: Chunlin Li
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In vivo and in vitro evidence for growth hormone-like bioactivity of Rhizoma Anemarrhenae extract. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113489. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Zhang Y, Fang YC, Cui LX, Jiang YT, Luo YS, Zhang W, Yu DX, Wen J, Zhou TT. Zhi-Zi-Chi Decoction Reverses Depressive Behaviors in CUMS Rats by Reducing Oxidative Stress Injury Via Regulating GSH/GSSG Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:887890. [PMID: 35462900 PMCID: PMC9021728 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.887890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is one of the main diseases that lead to disability and loss of ability to work. As a traditional Chinese medicine, Zhi-zi-chi decoction is utilized to regulate and improve depression. However, the research on the antidepressant mechanism and efficacy material basis of Zhi-zi-chi decoction has not been reported yet. Our previous research has found that Zhi-Zi-chi decoction can reduce glutamate-induced oxidative stress damage to PC 12 cells, which can exert a neuroprotective effect, and the antidepressant effect of Zhi-Zi-chi decoction was verified in CUMS rat models. In this study, the animal model of depression was established by chronic unpredictable mild stimulation combined with feeding alone. The brain metabolic profile of depressed rats was analyzed by the method of metabolomics based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole/time-of-flight mass. 26 differential metabolites and six metabolic pathways related to the antidepressant of Zhi-zi-chi decoction were screened and analyzed. The targeted metabolism of the glutathione metabolic pathway was analyzed. At the same time, the levels of reactive oxygen species, superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase in the brain of depressed rats were measured. Combined with our previous study, the antioxidant effect of the glutathione pathway in the antidepressant effect of Zhi-zi-chi decoction was verified from the cellular and animal levels respectively. These results indicated that Zhi-zi-chi decoction exerted a potential antidepressive effect associated with reversing the imbalance of glutathione and oxidative stress in the brain of depressed rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Chengdu Institute for Drug Control, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi-Chao Fang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Xun Cui
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue-Tong Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Sha Luo
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - De-Xun Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Wen
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Jun Wen, ; Ting-Ting Zhou,
| | - Ting-Ting Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Jun Wen, ; Ting-Ting Zhou,
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Fu C, Shuang Q, Liu Y, Zeng L, Su W. Baihe Extracts Reduce the Activation and Apoptosis of Microglia in the Hippocampus of Mice with Depression-like Behaviors by Downregulating MYC. ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 13:587-598. [PMID: 35139304 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of our investigation is to identify the potential effects and key molecular targets of Baihe extracts in depression treatment. Network meta-analysis was applied for the synthesis of efficacy outcomes of fluoxetine and three traditional Chinese medicine Baihe prescriptions in depression. Depression-related target genes were screened using "GeneCards" database and "Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD)". The major active components and targets of Baihe were screened using the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP) database. The identified depression-related genes and the target genes of Baihe were intersected, an interaction network was constructed using the "String" database, and key target genes were determined based on their degree value. Functional enrichment analysis of Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) profiles was performed using the "ClusterProfiler" R package. A mouse model with depression-like behaviors was constructed to verify the putative roles of the in silico identified key genes. Microglia were isolated from the mouse hippocampus, and the effects of Baihe extract-containing serum on microglia activation and apoptosis by targeting the key genes were examined in vitro. The meta-analysis results revealed no obvious differences in depression treatment efficacy between fluoxetine and the three Baihe prescriptions, suggesting Baihe extracts as a safe and effective alternative treatment for depression. Using network pharmacology and bioinformatics analysis, Baihe extracts were found to modulate depression by regulating 15 key genes, with MYC as the key gene. Subsequent animal experiments demonstrated that Baihe extracts reduced depression-related behavior, microglial activation, and inflammatory mediator release in mice by inhibiting MYC. Serum containing Baihe extracts could inhibit the activation of microglia and the release of inflammatory mediators by downregulating MYC. In summary, Baihe extracts were found to diminish MYC expression to reduce microglial activation and inflammatory factor release, thereby exerting antidepressant effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Fu
- College of Pharmacy, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang 422000, P. R. China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shaoyang University, Shaoyang 422000, P. R. China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center for Development and Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Southwest Hunan, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang 422000, P. R. China
| | - Qincui Shuang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shaoyang University, Shaoyang 422000, P. R. China
| | - Yonghui Liu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shaoyang University, Shaoyang 422000, P. R. China
| | - Li Zeng
- College of Pharmacy, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang 422000, P. R. China
| | - Wen Su
- College of Pharmacy, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang 422000, P. R. China
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Sakamoto S, Zhu X, Hasegawa Y, Karma S, Obayashi M, Alway E, Kamiya A. Inflamed brain: Targeting immune changes and inflammation for treatment of depression. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2021; 75:304-311. [PMID: 34227186 PMCID: PMC8683253 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.13286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Although there are a number of clinically effective treatments for depression, many patients exhibit treatment resistance. Recent clinical and preclinical studies reveal that peripheral and brain immune changes and inflammation are involved in the pathophysiology of depression. This 'Inflamed Brain' research provides critical clues for understanding of disease pathophysiology and many candidate molecules that are potentially useful for identifying novel drug targets for the treatment of depression. In this review, we will present clinical evidence on the role of inflammation in the pathophysiology of depression. We will also summarize current clinical trials which test drugs targeting inflammation for the treatment of patients with depression. Furthermore, we will briefly provide preclinical evidence demonstrating altered immune system function and inflammation in stress-induced animal models and will discuss the future potential of inflammation-related drug targets. Collectively, inflammatory signatures identified in clinical and preclinical studies may allow us to stratify depressive patients based on biotypes, contributing to the development of novel mechanism-based interventions that target specific patient populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Sakamoto
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Xiaolei Zhu
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yuto Hasegawa
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sadik Karma
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mizuho Obayashi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Emily Alway
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Atsushi Kamiya
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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6
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Dong Y, Tao B, Xue X, Feng C, Ren Y, Ma H, Zhang J, Si Y, Zhang S, Liu S, Li H, Zhou J, Li G, Wang Z, Xie J, Zhu Z. Molecular mechanism of Epicedium treatment for depression based on network pharmacology and molecular docking technology. BMC Complement Med Ther 2021; 21:222. [PMID: 34479552 PMCID: PMC8417989 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-021-03389-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing attention has been paid to the effect of Epimedium on the nervous system, particularly anti-depression function. In the present study, we applied network pharmacology to introduce a testable hypothesis on the multi-target mechanisms of Epicedium against depression. METHODS By reconstructing the network of protein-protein interaction and drug-component-target, we predicted the key protein targets of Epicedium for the treatment of depression. Then, through molecular docking, the interaction of the main active components of Epicedium and predicted candidate targets were verified. RESULTS Nineteen active compounds were selected from Epicedium. There were 200 targets associated with Epicedium and 537 targets related to depression. The key targets of Epicedium for treating depression were IL6, VEGFA, AKT1, and EGF. According to gene ontology functional enrichment analysis, 22 items of biological process (BP), 13 items of cell composition (CC) and 9 items of molecular function (MF) were obtained. A total of 56 signaling pathways (P < 0.05) were identified by Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis, mainly involving depression-related pathways such as dopaminergic synapse, TNF signaling pathway, and prolactin signaling pathway. The results of molecular docking showed that the most important activity components, including luteoklin, quercetin and kaempferol, were well combined with the key targets. CONCLUSIONS Luteoklin, quercetin, kaempferol and other active compounds in Epicedium can regulate multiple signaling pathways and targets such as IL6, AKT1, and EGF, therefore playing therapeutic roles in depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yankai Dong
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Institute of Maternal and Infant health, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Bo Tao
- Department of Orthopaedic, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road No.154, Tianjin, 300052, Heping District, China
| | - Xing Xue
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Institute of Maternal and Infant health, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Caixia Feng
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Institute of Maternal and Infant health, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Yating Ren
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Institute of Maternal and Infant health, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Hengyu Ma
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Institute of Maternal and Infant health, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Junli Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Institute of Maternal and Infant health, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Yufang Si
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Institute of Maternal and Infant health, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Sisi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Institute of Maternal and Infant health, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Si Liu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Institute of Maternal and Infant health, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Neonatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College,Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710069, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Jiahao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Institute of Maternal and Infant health, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Ge Li
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Institute of Maternal and Infant health, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Zhifei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Institute of Maternal and Infant health, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Juanping Xie
- Qinba Chinese Medicine Resources R&D Center, School of Medicine, Ankang University, Ankang, 710069, Shanxi Province, China.
| | - Zhongliang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Institute of Maternal and Infant health, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, Shanxi Province, China.
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Emerging application of metabolomics on Chinese herbal medicine for depressive disorder. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 141:111866. [PMID: 34225013 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Depressive disorder is a kind of emotional disorder that is mainly manifested with spontaneous and persistent low mood. Its etiology is complex and still not fully understood. Metabolomics, an important part of system biology characterized by its integrity and systematicness, analyzes endogenous metabolites of small molecules in vivo and examines the metabolic status of the organism. It is widely used in the field of disease research for its unique advantage in the disease molecular marker discovering Due to fewer adverse reactions and high safety, Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) has great advantages in the treatment of chronic diseases including depression. Metabolomics has been gradually applied to the efficacy evaluation of CHM in treatment of depression and the metabolomics analysis exhibits a systemic metabolic shift in amino acids (such as alanine, glutamic acid, valine, etc.), organic acids (lactic acid, citric acid, stearic acid, palmitic acid, etc.), and sugars, amines, etc. These differential metabolites are mainly involved in energy metabolism, amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, etc. In this review, we have exemplified the study of CHM in animals or clinics on the depression, and revealed that CHM treatment has significantly changed the metabolic disorders associated with depression, promoting metabolic network reorganization through restoring of key metabolites, and metabolic pathways, which may be the main mechanism basis of CHM's treatment on depression. Besides, we further envisioned the future application of metabolomics in the study of CHM treatment of depression.
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Wang X, Lu G, Liu X, Li J, Zhao F, Li K. Assessment of Phytochemicals and Herbal Formula for the Treatment of Depression through Metabolomics. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:840-854. [PMID: 33001005 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666201001125124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Depression is a widespread and persistent psychiatric disease. Due to various side effects and no curative treatments of conventional antidepressant drugs, botanical medicines have attracted considerable attention as a complementary and alternative approach. The pathogenesis of depression is quite complicated and unclear. Metabolomics is a promising new technique for the discovery of novel biomarkers for exploring the potential mechanisms of diverse diseases and assessing the therapeutic effects of drugs. In this article, we systematically reviewed the study of botanical medicine for the treatment of depression using metabolomics over a period from 2010 to 2019. Additionally, we summarized the potential biomarkers and metabolic pathways associated with herbal medicine treatment for depression. Through a comprehensive evaluation of herbal medicine as novel antidepressants and understanding of their pharmacomechanisms, a new perspective on expanding the application of botanical medicines for the treatment of depression is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Guanyu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Xuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Jinhui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Fei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Kefeng Li
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA 92103, United States
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Li Y, Wu L, Chen C, Wang L, Guo C, Zhao X, Zhao T, Wang X, Liu A, Yan Z. Serum Metabolic Profiling Reveals the Antidepressive Effects of the Total Iridoids of Valeriana jatamansi Jones on Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress Mice. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:338. [PMID: 32265710 PMCID: PMC7099651 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Depression is a long-term complex psychiatric disorder, and its etiology remains largely unknown. Valeriana jatamansi Jones ex Roxb (V. jatamansi) is used in the clinic for the treatment of depression, but there are insufficient reports of its antidepressive mechanisms and a poor understanding of its endogenous substance-related metabolism. The objective of this study was to identify biomarkers related to depression in serum samples and evaluate the antidepressive effects of the iridoid-rich fraction of V. jatamansi (IRFV) in a chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) mouse model. Methods Here, CUMS was used to establish a mouse model of depression. Behavioral and biochemical indicators were investigated to evaluate the pharmacodynamic effects. A comprehensive serum metabolomics study by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) approach was applied to investigate the pharmacological mechanism of IRFV in CUMS mouse. Subsequently, we used multivariate statistical analysis to identify metabolic markers, such as principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal projection to latent structure with discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), to distinguish between the CUMS mouse and the control group. Results After IRFV treatment, the immobility time, sucrose preference, and monoamine neurotransmitter were improved. PCA scores showed clear differences in metabolism between the CUMS group and control group. The PLS-DA or OPLS-DA model exhibited 26 metabolites as biomarkers to distinguish between the CUMS mice and the control mouse. Moreover, IRFV could significantly return 21 metabolites to normal levels. Conclusion The results confirmed that IRFV exerted an antidepressive effect by regulating multiple metabolic pathways, including the tricarboxylic acid cycle, the synthesis of neurotransmitters, and amino acid metabolism. These findings provide insights into the antidepressive mechanisms of IRFV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongbiao Li
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiao Tong University, Chengdu, China.,Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lanlan Wu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiao Tong University, Chengdu, China.,Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chang Chen
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liwen Wang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiao Tong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Cong Guo
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqin Zhao
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiao Tong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tingting Zhao
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiao Tong University, Chengdu, China.,Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyi Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - An Liu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyong Yan
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiao Tong University, Chengdu, China
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He L, Zeng L, Tian N, Li Y, He T, Tan D, Zhang Q, Tan Y. Optimization of food deprivation and sucrose preference test in SD rat model undergoing chronic unpredictable mild stress. Animal Model Exp Med 2020; 3:69-78. [PMID: 32318662 PMCID: PMC7167236 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) model has long been considered the best model for exploring the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying depression. However, there are no widely recognised standards for strategies for modeling and for behavioral testing. The present study aimed to optimize the protocols for food deprivation and the sucrose preference test (SPT) for the CUMS model. METHODS We first evaluated the effects of different long periods of food deprivation on the body weight of Sprague Dawley (SD) rats by testing food deprivation for 24 hours (8:00-8:00+), food deprivation for 12 hours during the daytime (8:00-20:00) and food deprivation for 12 hours at night (20:00-8:00+). Next, we established a SD rat CUMS model with 15 different stimulations, and used body weight measurement, SPT, forced swim test (FST), open field test (OFT) and Morris water maze (MWM) test to verify the success of the modeling. In the SPT, consumption of sucrose and pure water within 1 and 12 hours was measured. RESULTS Twelve hours of food deprivation during the daytime (8:00-20:00) had no effect on body weight, while 12 hours of food deprivation at night (20:00-8:00+) and 24 hours of food deprivation (8:00-8:00+) significantly reduced the mean body weight of the SD rats. When SPT was used to verify the successful establishment of the CUMS rat model, sucrose consumption measured within 12 hours was less variable than that measured within 1 hour. CONCLUSIONS Twelve hours of food deprivation in the daytime (8:00-20:00) may be considered a mild stimulus for the establishment of a CUMS rat model. Measuring sucrose consumption over 12 hours is recommended for SPT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li‐Wen He
- Laboratory Animal CenterChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Li Zeng
- Laboratory Animal CenterChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Na Tian
- Pediatric Research InstituteChildren's Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Yi Li
- Laboratory Animal CenterChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Tong He
- Laboratory Animal CenterChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Dong‐Mei Tan
- Laboratory Animal CenterChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Qian Zhang
- Laboratory Animal CenterChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Yi Tan
- Laboratory Animal CenterChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
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11
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Wang C, Lin H, Yang N, Wang H, Zhao Y, Li P, Liu J, Wang F. Effects of Platycodins Folium on Depression in Mice Based on a UPLC-Q/TOF-MS Serum Assay and Hippocampus Metabolomics. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24091712. [PMID: 31052597 PMCID: PMC6540008 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24091712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD), also known as depression, is a state characterized by low mood and aversion to activity. Platycodins Folium (PF) is the dried leaf of Platycodon grandiflorum, with anti-inflammatory and antioxidative activities. Our previous research suggested that PF was rich in flavonoids, phenols, organic acids, triterpenoid saponins, coumarins and terpenoids. This study aimed to investigate the antidepressant effect of PF using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced depressive mice. Several behavior tests (sucrose preference test (SPT), forced swimming test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST)) and biochemical parameters (IL-6, TNF-α and SOD levels) were used to evaluate the antidepressive effect of PF on LPS-induced depression model. Furthermore, a UPLC-Q/TOF-MS-based metabolomics approach was applied to explore the latent mechanism of PF in attenuating depression. As a result, a total of 21 and 11 metabolites that potentially contribute to MDD progress and PF treatment were identified in serum and hippocampus, respectively. The analysis of metabolic pathways revealed that lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, energy metabolism, arachidonic acid metabolism, glutathione metabolism and inositol phosphate metabolism were disturbed in a model of mice undergoing MDD and PF treatment. These results help us to understand the pathogenesis of depression in depth, and to discover targets for clinical diagnosis and treatment. They also provide the possibility of developing PF into an anti-depressantive agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuizhu Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Fujin Road 1266, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Hongqiang Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Fujin Road 1266, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Na Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Fujin Road 1266, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Han Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Fujin Road 1266, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Yan Zhao
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agriculture University, Xincheng Street 2888, Changchun 130118, China.
| | - Pingya Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Fujin Road 1266, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Jinping Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Fujin Road 1266, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
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Antoniuk S, Bijata M, Ponimaskin E, Wlodarczyk J. Chronic unpredictable mild stress for modeling depression in rodents: Meta-analysis of model reliability. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 99:101-116. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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13
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Xie Y, Zhou X, Pei H, Chen MC, Sun ZL, Xue YR, Tian XT, Huang CG. Metabolism, pharmacokinetics, and hepatic disposition of xanthones and saponins on Zhimu treatments for exploratively interpreting the discrepancy between the herbal safety and timosaponin A3-induced hepatotoxicity. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2018; 39:1923-1934. [PMID: 29795136 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-018-0012-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Timosaponin A3, a saponin in Zhimu, elicited hepatotoxicity via oxidative stress. However, the clinical medication of Zhimu has been historically regarded as safe, probably associated with the antioxidants it contains. However, the related information on the in vivo levels of timosaponin A3 and antioxidants remained unclear on Zhimu treatments. Therefore, a combination of the in vitro metabolism, including microbiota-mediated and liver-mediated metabolism, and in vivo pharmacokinetics and hepatic disposition, was conducted for three xanthones (neomangiferin, mangiferin, and norathyriol) and three saponins (timosaponin B2, timosaponin B3, and timosaponin A3) on Zhimu treatments. Consequently, following oral administration of Zhimu decoction to rats, those saponins and xanthones were all observed in the plasma with severe liver first-pass effect, where mangiferin was of the maximum exposure. Despite the ignorable content in the herb, timosaponin A3 elicited sizable hepatic exposure as the microbiota-mediated metabolite of saponins in Zhimu. The similar phenomenon also occurred to norathyriol, the microbiota-mediated metabolite of xanthones. However, the major prototypes in Zhimu were of limited hepatic exposure. We deduced the hepatic collection of norathyriol, maximum circulating levels of mangiferin, and timosaponin B2 and mangiferin interaction may directly or indirectly contribute to the whole anti-oxidation of Zhimu, and then resisted the timosaponin A3-induced hepatotoxicity. Thus, our study exploratively interpreted the discrepancy between herbal safety and timosaponin A3-induced hepatotoxicity. However, given the considerable levels and slow eliminated rate of timosaponin A3 in the liver, more attention should be paid to the safety on the continuous clinical medication of Zhimu in the future.
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Du H, Zhang H, Zhao Y, Liu M, Chen A, Liu S, Xue D, Liu Y, Zhang G. Metabolic analysis of the antidepressive effects of Yangxinshi Tablet in a vascular depression model in mice. Biomed Chromatogr 2017; 32. [PMID: 28992663 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, vascular depression has become the focus of international attention. Yangxinshi Tablet (YXST) is usually used in cthe linic for the treatment of arrhythmia and heart failure, but we found that it also has antidepressive effects. The objective of the study was to identify biomarkers related to vascular depression in hippocampus and explore the antidepressive effects of YXST on the mouse model. Untargeted metabolomics based on UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS was applied to identify significantly differential biomarkers between the model group and control group. Unsupervised principal component analysis (PCA) was used to scan the tendency of groups and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) to distinguish between the vascular depressive mice and the sham. PCA stores showed clear differences in metabolism between the vascular depressive mice and sham groups. The PLS-DA model exhibited 38 metabolites as the biomarkers to distinguish the vascular depressive mice and the sham. Further, YXST significantly regulated 22 metabolites to normal levels. The results suggested that YXST has a comprehensive antidepressive effect on vascular depression via regulation of multiple metabolic pathways including amino acid, the tricarboxylic acid cycle and phosphoglyceride metabolisms. These findings provide insight into the pathophysiological mechanism underlying vascular depression and the mechanism of YXST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Du
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yahong Zhao
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica, Central Research Institute, Shanghai Pharmaceuticals Holding Co. Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Anni Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Shiyu Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Xue
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica, Central Research Institute, Shanghai Pharmaceuticals Holding Co. Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanjun Liu
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica, Central Research Institute, Shanghai Pharmaceuticals Holding Co. Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoqing Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, China
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15
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Li X, Sun H, Zhang A, Liu Z, Zou D, Song Y, Liu L, Wang X. High-throughput LC-MS method for the rapid characterization of multiple chemical constituents and metabolites of Da-Bu-Yin-Wan. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:4102-4112. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xianna Li
- Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Collaboration Center, National Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Chinmedomics Research Center of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Laboratory of Metabolomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis; Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine; Harbin China
| | - Hui Sun
- Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Collaboration Center, National Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Chinmedomics Research Center of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Laboratory of Metabolomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis; Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine; Harbin China
| | - Aihua Zhang
- Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Collaboration Center, National Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Chinmedomics Research Center of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Laboratory of Metabolomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis; Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine; Harbin China
| | - Zhidong Liu
- Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Collaboration Center, National Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Chinmedomics Research Center of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Laboratory of Metabolomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis; Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine; Harbin China
| | - Di Zou
- Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Collaboration Center, National Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Chinmedomics Research Center of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Laboratory of Metabolomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis; Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine; Harbin China
| | - Yanhua Song
- Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Collaboration Center, National Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Chinmedomics Research Center of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Laboratory of Metabolomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis; Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine; Harbin China
| | - Liang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine; Macau University of Science and Technology; Taipa Macau
| | - Xijun Wang
- Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Collaboration Center, National Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Chinmedomics Research Center of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Laboratory of Metabolomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis; Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine; Harbin China
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine; Macau University of Science and Technology; Taipa Macau
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