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Bampidis V, Azimonti G, Bastos MDL, Christensen H, Durjava M, Kouba M, López‐Alonso M, Puente SL, Marcon F, Mayo B, Pechová A, Petkova M, Ramos F, Villa RE, Woutersen R, Brantom P, Chesson A, Schlatter J, Westendorf J, Dirven Y, Manini P, Dusemund B. Safety and efficacy of a feed additive consisting of a tincture derived from the dried fruit of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. (omicha tincture) for poultry, horses, dogs and cats (FEFANA asbl). EFSA J 2024; 22:e8731. [PMID: 38601870 PMCID: PMC11004902 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2024.8731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Following a request from the European Commission, EFSA was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of a tincture from the dried fruit of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. (omicha tincture), when used as a sensory additive in feed for horses, cats, dogs, and in feed and in water for drinking for poultry. The product is a water/ethanol (55:45 v/v) solution, with a dry matter content of not more than 4% (w/w) and a content of 0.01%-0.15% (w/w) for the sum of schisandrin and deoxyschisandrin. The Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) concluded that omicha tincture is safe at the following concentrations in complete feed: 16 mg/kg for turkeys for fattening, 12 mg/kg for chickens for fattening and other poultry for fattening or reared for laying/reproduction, 18 mg/kg for laying hens and other laying/reproductive birds, 56 mg/kg for dogs and 47 mg/kg for horses and cats. The additive is considered safe for consumers when used up to the highest safe level in feed for poultry species and horses. Omicha tincture should be considered as irritants to skin and eyes, and as dermal and respiratory sensitisers. The use of omicha tincture as a flavour in feed for poultry species and horses was not considered to be a risk to the environment. Since it was recognised that the fruit of S. chinensis can influence sensory properties of feedingstuffs, no further demonstration of efficacy was considered necessary for the tincture under assessment.
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Wu J, Zhao M, Jin YC, Li M, Yu KX, Yu HB. Schisandrin B, a dual positive allosteric modulator of GABA A and glycine receptors, alleviates seizures in multiple mouse models. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2024; 45:465-479. [PMID: 38017298 PMCID: PMC10834591 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-023-01195-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a prevalent and severe neurological disorder and approximately 30% of patients are resistant to existing medications. It is of utmost importance to develop alternative therapies to treat epilepsy. Schisandrin B (SchB) is a major bioactive constituent of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill and has multiple neuroprotective effects, sedative and hypnotic activities. In this study, we investigated the antiseizure effect of SchB in various mouse models of seizure and explored the underlying mechanisms. Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ), strychnine (STR), and pilocarpine-induced mouse seizure models were established. We showed that injection of SchB (10, 30, 60 mg/kg, i.p.) dose-dependently delayed the onset of generalized tonic-clonic seizures (GTCS), reduced the incidence of GTCS and mortality in PTZ and STR models. Meanwhile, injection of SchB (30 mg/kg, i.p.) exhibited therapeutic potential in pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus model, which was considered as a drug-resistant model. In whole-cell recording from CHO/HEK-239 cells stably expressing recombinant human GABAA receptors (GABAARs) and glycine receptors (GlyRs) and cultured hippocampal neurons, co-application of SchB dose-dependently enhanced GABA or glycine-induced current with EC50 values at around 5 μM, and application of SchB (10 μM) alone did not activate the channels in the absence of GABA or glycine. Furthermore, SchB (10 μM) eliminated both PTZ-induced inhibition on GABA-induced current (IGABA) and strychnine (STR)-induced inhibition on glycine-induced current (Iglycine). Moreover, SchB (10 μM) efficiently rescued the impaired GABAARs associated with genetic epilepsies. In addition, the homologous mutants in both GlyRs-α1(S267Q) and GABAARs-α1(S297Q)β2(N289S)γ2L receptors by site-directed mutagenesis tests abolished SchB-induced potentiation of IGABA and Iglycine. In conclusion, we have identified SchB as a natural positive allosteric modulator of GABAARs and GlyRs, supporting its potential as alternative therapies for epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Miao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yu-Chen Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Min Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Ke-Xin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Hai-Bo Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
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Li Z, Zheng Y, Liu K, Liang Y, Lu J, Li Q, Zhao B, Liu X, Li X. Lignans as multi-targeted natural products in neurodegenerative diseases and depression: Recent perspectives. Phytother Res 2023; 37:5599-5621. [PMID: 37669911 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
As the global population ages, the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases is becoming more and more important. There is an urgent need to discover novel drugs that are effective in treating neurological diseases. In recent years, natural products and their biological activities have gained widespread attention. Lignans are a class of metabolites extensively present in Chinese herbal medicine and possess good pharmacological effects. Latest studies have demonstrated their neuroprotective pharmacological activity in preventing acute/chronic neurodegenerative diseases and depression. In this review, the pharmacological effects of these disorders, the pharmacokinetics, safety, and clinical trials of lignans were summarized according to the scientific literature. These results proved that lignans mainly exert antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Anti-apoptosis, regulation of nervous system functions, and modulation of synaptic signals are also potential effects. Despite the substantial evidence of the neuroprotective potential of lignans, it is not sufficient to support their use in the clinical management. Our study suggests that lignans can be used as prospective agents for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and depression, with a view to informing their further development and utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Kai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Youdan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiuxia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Bolin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaofang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Nieoczym D, Banono NS, Stępnik K, Kaczor AA, Szybkowski P, Esguerra CV, Kukula-Koch W, Gawel K. In Silico Analysis, Anticonvulsant Activity, and Toxicity Evaluation of Schisandrin B in Zebrafish Larvae and Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12949. [PMID: 37629132 PMCID: PMC10455331 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to evaluate the anticonvulsant potential of schisandrin B, a main ingredient of Schisandra chinensis extracts. Schisandrin B showed anticonvulsant activity in the zebrafish larva pentylenetetrazole acute seizure assay but did not alter seizure thresholds in the intravenous pentylenetetrazole test in mice. Schisandrin B crosses the blood-brain barrier, which we confirmed in our in silico and in vivo analyses; however, the low level of its unbound fraction in the mouse brain tissue may explain the observed lack of anticonvulsant activity. Molecular docking revealed that the anticonvulsant activity of the compound in larval zebrafish might have been due to its binding to a benzodiazepine site within the GABAA receptor and/or the inhibition of the glutamate NMDA receptor. Although schisandrin B showed a beneficial anticonvulsant effect, toxicological studies revealed that it caused serious developmental impairment in zebrafish larvae, underscoring its teratogenic properties. Further detailed studies are needed to precisely identify the properties, pharmacological effects, and safety of schisandrin B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Nieoczym
- Department of Animal Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Nancy Saana Banono
- Chemical Neuroscience Group, Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, University of Oslo, Gaustadalleen 21, Forskningsparken, 0349 Oslo, Norway; (N.S.B.); (C.V.E.)
| | - Katarzyna Stępnik
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Pl. M. Curie-Skłodowskiej 3/243, 20-031 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka A. Kaczor
- Department of Synthesis and Chemical Technology of Pharmaceutical Substances with Computer Modeling Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 4A Chodzki St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Przemysław Szybkowski
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego St. 8b, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
- Clinical Provincial Hospital No. 2 St. Jadwiga Krolowej in Rzeszow, Lwowska St. 60, 35-301 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Camila Vicencio Esguerra
- Chemical Neuroscience Group, Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, University of Oslo, Gaustadalleen 21, Forskningsparken, 0349 Oslo, Norway; (N.S.B.); (C.V.E.)
| | - Wirginia Kukula-Koch
- Department of Pharmacognosy with Medicinal Plants Garden, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki St. 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Kinga Gawel
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego St. 8b, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
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Wu J, Song Z, Cai N, Cao N, Wang Q, Xiao X, Yang X, He Y, Zou S. Pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution and excretion of six bioactive components from total glucosides picrorhizae rhizoma, as simultaneous determined by a UHPLC-MS/MS method. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2023; 1227:123830. [PMID: 37459691 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2023.123830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Total glucosides picrorhizae rhizome (TGPR) is an innovative traditional Chinese medicine, which is a candidate drug for the treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). However, there is still lack of deep research on the behaviors of TGPR in vivo. In this study, a reliable, specific, and sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method has been constructed for simultaneous determination of picroside I, picroside II, vanillic acid, androsin, cinnamic acid and picroside IV, the major active constituents of TGPR, in rat various biological matrices (plasma, tissue, bile, urine and feces) using diphenhydramine hydrochloride and paeoniflorin as the internal standard. All biosamples were prepared using a simple protein precipitation with acetonitrile. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a waters UHPLC® HSS T3 (100×2.1 mm, 1.8 μm) column. The mobile phase consisted of methanol: acetonitrile1(1:1, V/V) and 0.5 mM ammonium formate in water, was employed to separate six components from endogenous interferences. The components were detected with a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer using positive and negative ion multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. The newly developed method was successfully applied to investigate the pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution and excretion of six components in rats. The pharmacokinetic results indicated that the six components in TGPR could be quickly absorbed and slowly eliminated and their bioavailability were less than 12.37%, which implied the poor absorption after intragastric dosing. For tissue distribution, the six components in TGPR were detected in liver and only androsin could penetrate the blood-brain barrier. Meanwhile, the excretion study demonstrated that vanillic acid was mostly excreted as prototype drugs and the remaining five components might be widely metabolized in vivo as the metabolites, the unconverted form was excreted mainly by feces route. The pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution and excretion characteristics of six bioactive components in TGPR were firstly revealed, which will provide references for further clinical application of TGPR as an anti-NASH drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieyi Wu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Zhaohui Song
- State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Tasly Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300410, China; Tasly Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300410, China
| | - Nan Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Tasly Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300410, China; Tasly Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300410, China
| | - Ningning Cao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Qingguo Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Xuefeng Xiao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Xiaokun Yang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300381, China.
| | - Yi He
- State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Tasly Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300410, China; Tasly Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300410, China.
| | - Shuxuan Zou
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
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6
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Zhang R, Luo S, Zhao T, Wu M, Huang L, Zhang L, Huang Y, Gao H, Sun X, Gong T, Zhang Z. Scavenger receptor A-mediated nanoparticles target M1 macrophages for acute liver injury. Asian J Pharm Sci 2023; 18:100813. [PMID: 37274920 PMCID: PMC10238850 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2023.100813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute liver injury (ALI) has an elevated fatality rate due to untimely and ineffective treatment. Although, schisandrin B (SchB) has been extensively used to treat diverse liver diseases, its therapeutic efficacy on ALI was limited due to its high hydrophobicity. Palmitic acid-modified serum albumin (PSA) is not only an effective carrier for hydrophobic drugs, but also has a superb targeting effect via scavenger receptor-A (SR-A) on the M1 macrophages, which are potential therapeutic targets for ALI. Compared with the common macrophage-targeted delivery systems, PSA enables site-specific drug delivery to reduce off-target toxicity. Herein, we prepared SchB-PSA nanoparticles and further assessed their therapeutic effect on ALI. In vitro, compared with human serum albumin encapsulated SchB nanoparticles (SchB-HSA NPs), the SchB-PSA NPs exhibited more potent cytotoxicity on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated Raw264.7 (LAR) cells, and LAR cells took up PSA NPs 8.79 times more than HSA NPs. As expected, the PSA NPs also accumulated more in the liver. Moreover, SchB-PSA NPs dramatically reduced the activation of NF-κB signaling, and significantly relieved inflammatory response and hepatic necrosis. Notably, the high dose of SchB-PSA NPs improved the survival rate in 72 h of ALI mice to 75%. Hence, SchB-PSA NPs are promising to treat ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shiqing Luo
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ting Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Mengying Wu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Huile Gao
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Tao Gong
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhirong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Han N, Wen Y, Liu Z, Zhai J, Li S, Yin J. Advances in the roles and mechanisms of lignans against Alzheimer’s disease. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:960112. [PMID: 36313287 PMCID: PMC9596774 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.960112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a serious neurodegenerative disease associated with the memory and cognitive impairment. The occurrence of AD is due to the accumulation of amyloid β-protein (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) in the brain tissue as well as the hyperphosphorylation of Tau protein in neurons, doing harm to the human health and even leading people to death. The development of neuroprotective drugs with small side effects and good efficacy is focused by scientists all over the world. Natural drugs extracted from herbs or plants have become the preferred resources for new candidate drugs. Lignans were reported to effectively protect nerve cells and alleviate memory impairment, suggesting that they might be a prosperous class of compounds in treating AD. Objective: To explore the roles and mechanisms of lignans in the treatment of neurological diseases, providing proofs for the development of lignans as novel anti-AD drugs. Methods: Relevant literature was extracted and retrieved from the databases including China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Elsevier, Science Direct, PubMed, SpringerLink, and Web of Science, taking lignan, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, apoptosis, nerve regeneration, nerve protection as keywords. The functions and mechanisms of lignans against AD were summerized. Results: Lignans were found to have the effects of regulating vascular disorders, anti-infection, anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, anti-apoptosis, antagonizing NMDA receptor, suppressing AChE activity, improving gut microbiota, so as to strengthening nerve protection. Among them, dibenzocyclooctene lignans were most widely reported and might be the most prosperous category in the develpment of anti-AD drugs. Conclusion: Lignans displayed versatile roles and mechanisms in preventing the progression of AD in in vitro and in vivo models, supplying potential candidates for the treatment of nerrodegenerative diseases.
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Zhang F, Zhang T, Gong J, Fang Q, Qi S, Li M, Han Y, Liu W, Ge G. The Chinese herb Styrax triggers pharmacokinetic herb-drug interactions via inhibiting intestinal CYP3A. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:974578. [PMID: 36110541 PMCID: PMC9469097 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.974578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cytochrome P450 3A4 (hCYP3A4) is a predominant enzyme to trigger clinically relevant drug/herb-drug interactions (DDIs or HDIs). Although a number of herbal medicines have been found with strong anti-hCYP3A4 effects in vitro, the in vivo modulatory effects of herbal medicines on hCYP3A4 and their potential risks to trigger HDIs are rarely investigated. Herein, we demonstrate a case study to efficiently find the herbal medicine(s) with potent hCYP3A4 inhibition in vitro and to accurately assess the potential HDIs risk in vivo. Following screening over 100 herbal medicines, the Chinese herb Styrax was found with the most potent hCYP3A4 inhibition in HLMs. In vitro assays demonstrated that Styrax could potently inhibit mammalian CYP3A in liver and intestinal microsomes from both humans and rats. In vivo pharmacokinetic assays showed that Styrax (i.g., 100 mg/kg) significantly elevated the plasma exposure of two CYP3A-substrate drugs (midazolam and felodipine) when midazolam or felodipine was administered orally. By contrast, the plasma exposure of either midazolam or felodipine was hardly affected by Styrax (i.g.) when the victim drug was administered intravenously. Further investigations demonstrated that seven pentacyclic triterpenoid acids (PTAs) in Styrax were key substances responsible for CYP3A inhibition, while these PTAs could be exposed to intestinal tract at relatively high exposure levels but their exposure levels in rat plasma and liver were extremely low. These findings well explained why Styrax (i.g.) could elevate the plasma exposure of victim drugs only when these agents were orally administrated. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that Styrax can modulate the pharmacokinetic behavior of CYP3A-substrate drugs via inhibiting intestinal CYP3A, which is very helpful for the clinical pharmacologists to better assess the HDIs triggered by Styrax or Styrax-related herbal products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tiantian Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Jiahao Gong
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qinqin Fang
- Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute of Liver Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shenglan Qi
- Department of Neurology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute of Liver Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengting Li
- Department of Neurology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Han
- Department of Neurology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Guangbo Ge, ; Wei Liu, ; Yan Han,
| | - Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute of Liver Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Guangbo Ge, ; Wei Liu, ; Yan Han,
| | - Guangbo Ge
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Guangbo Ge, ; Wei Liu, ; Yan Han,
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Dietary Intake of Polyphenols Enhances Executive/Attentional Functioning and Memory with an Improvement of the Milk Lipid Profile of Postpartum Women from Argentina. J Intell 2022; 10:jintelligence10020033. [PMID: 35736005 PMCID: PMC9224741 DOI: 10.3390/jintelligence10020033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Puerperium may lead to memory and executive/attentional complaints that interfere with women’s daily life. This might be prevented by dietary compounds, such as neuroprotective polyphenols. Their bioactivity depends on their effects on lipid metabolism in different tissues, such as the brain, fat, and breast. Thus, a polyphenol-related cognitive improvement may be associated with changes of lipids in human milk, which are key for infant neurodevelopment. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 75 postpartum women from Córdoba (Argentina), involving several neuropsychological tests. Diet was registered to identify polyphenol intake and food pattern adherence, with sociodemographic and other psychological variables (insomnia, stress, subjective cognitive complaints) being also studied. Triacylglycerols, cholesterol, and their oxidative forms were analyzed as milk biomarkers. Multivariate statistical methods were applied. Results confirmed that women who consumed polyphenols presented better executive/attentional performance (i.e., higher correct responses, conceptual level responses, complete categories, verbal fluency; lower attentional interferences, and perseverative errors) and word retention with lower interference. Polyphenols were positively associated with milk lipids, which were higher in women with better cognition. Furthermore, they had lower oxidized triacylglycerols. In conclusion, polyphenolic intake during postpartum may improve executive/attentional functioning, memory, and milk lipid profile.
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Kopustinskiene DM, Bernatoniene J. Antioxidant Effects of Schisandra chinensis Fruits and Their Active Constituents. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10040620. [PMID: 33919588 PMCID: PMC8073495 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10040620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Schisandra chinensis Turcz. (Baill.) fruits, their extracts, and bioactive compounds are used in alternative medicine as adaptogens and ergogens protecting against numerous neurological, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, liver, and skin disorders. S. chinensis fruit extracts and their active compounds are potent antioxidants and mitoprotectors exerting anti-inflammatory, antiviral, anticancer, and anti-aging effects. S. chinensis polyphenolic compounds-flavonoids, phenolic acids and the major constituents dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans are responsible for the S. chinensis antioxidant activities. This review will focus on the direct and indirect antioxidant effects of S. chinensis fruit extract and its bioactive compounds in the cells during normal and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia M. Kopustinskiene
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu pr. 13, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | - Jurga Bernatoniene
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu pr. 13, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania;
- Department of Drug Technology and Social Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu pr. 13, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Correspondence:
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11
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Memory enhancement in Argentinian women during postpartum by the dietary intake of lignans and anthocyanins. Nutr Res 2021; 85:1-13. [PMID: 33383298 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2020.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Due to their polyphenolic content, vegetable foods have neuroprotective effects which provide health benefits for specific human groups. Thus, they may be a useful dietary component for women who experience mnesic variations during postpartum, and here we examined the hypothesis that polyphenols can differentially enhance memory functioning. In particular, we aimed to associate the dietary intake of polyphenols with different memory systems in Argentinian postpartum women. The daily intakes of polyphenol groups were calculated using a validated food frequency questionnaire and the Phenol-Explorer database. Short-term memory (STM), long-term memory (LTM), learning (L), lexical-semantic memory (LSM), and working memory (WM) were assessed. Partial Least Squares (PLS) regression models were used to analyze the dietary polyphenols (predictors) and memory domains (responses), taking into account demographic, obstetric, and psychological factors. The sample included 71 women, with an average age of 29.59 years (SE = 0.73). Most of these women lived in a couple (91%), were unemployed (63%), and had ≥12 years of formal education (72%). STM, LTM, L, and LSM correlated with lignans and anthocyanins, with LTM also being correlated with flavanones, flavonols, and tyrosols, and L and LSM also being associated with flavonols. A significant correlation was also found between WM and lignans. In conclusion, a cognitive improvement was demonstrated, mainly associated with the intake of lignans and anthocyanins, in the STM, LTM, WM, L, and LSM systems of postpartum women. This is the first study to our knowledge suggesting a role of polyphenolic effects on memory functioning during postpartum.
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12
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Wang J, Jiang B, Shan Y, Wang X, Lv X, Mohamed J, Li H, Wang C, Chen J, Sun J. Metabolic mapping of
Schisandra chinensis
lignans and their metabolites in rats using a metabolomic approach based on HPLC with quadrupole time‐of‐flight MS/MS spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2019; 43:378-388. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201900860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaye Wang
- College of PharmacyBeihua University Jilin P. R. China
| | - Bin Jiang
- Clinical LaboratoryJilin People's Hospital Jilin P. R. China
| | - Yingying Shan
- College of PharmacyBeihua University Jilin P. R. China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- College of PharmacyBeihua University Jilin P. R. China
| | - Xi Lv
- College of PharmacyBeihua University Jilin P. R. China
| | - Jihan Mohamed
- College of MedicineBeihua University Jilin P. R. China
| | - He Li
- College of PharmacyBeihua University Jilin P. R. China
| | - Chunmei Wang
- College of PharmacyBeihua University Jilin P. R. China
| | | | - Jinghui Sun
- College of PharmacyBeihua University Jilin P. R. China
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13
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Schisandrin B attenuates pressure overload-induced cardiac remodeling in mice by inhibiting the MAPK signaling pathway. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:4645-4652. [PMID: 31798701 PMCID: PMC6878904 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.8154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to investigate the effect and mechanism of schisandrin B (Sch B) on myocardial hypertrophy induced by pressure overload in mice. Male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into three groups: i) Sham (n=12); ii) transverse aortic constriction (TAC) (n=12); and iii) Sch B-treated (n=12; 80 mg·kg−1·d−1 per gavage). The model of myocardial hypertrophy was established by constricting the descending branch of the aortic arch. Following a 4-week treatment period, cardiac remodeling was evaluated using echocardiography and pathological and molecular analysis. Sch B improved cardiac function in the Sch B-treated group compared with the TAC group. Moreover, the Sch B-treated group had a smaller myocardial cell cross-sectional area and less fibrosis compared with the TAC group. The protein expression levels of cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis markers in the TAC group were significantly higher compared with those in the sham group. The same markers in the Sch B-treated group were significantly lower compared with those in the TAC group. Additionally, the phosphorylation levels of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway-associated proteins extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1/2 and P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase were significantly lower in the Sch B-treated group compared with the TAC group. Further in vitro investigation demonstrated that Sch B prevented the adverse effects of angiotensin II-induced hypertrophy and fibrosis by inhibiting the MAPK signaling pathway in H9c2 cells. In conclusion, Sch B may improve pathological myocardial remodeling and cardiac function induced by pressure overload, and its underlying mechanism may be associated with inhibition of the MAPK signaling pathway.
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Ye W, Lin C, Lin G, Chen R, Sun W, Wang S, Wang X, Zhou Y. Tissue Distribution of Engeletin in Mice by UPLC-MS/MS. CURR PHARM ANAL 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1573412914666180501114659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Introduction:
Engeletin is the main active component in the engelhardia leaf that promotes
circulation and removes stasis, and has hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, and anti-inflammatory actions.
The aim of this study was to develop an ultra-performance liquid chromatography- tandem mass spectrometry
method to detect engeletin in plasma and tissues and investigate its absorption, distribution,
and mechanism in mice, which could provide very useful information for its pharmacological effect in
vivo.
Materials and Methods:
Twenty-five mice were intraperitoneally injected with 20 mg/kg engeletin, and
five mice were sacrificed using 4% chloral hydrate 0.25, 0.5, 2, 4, and 6 h later. The tissues (brain, kidney,
heart, liver, spleen, and lung) and blood were collected. Acetonitrile precipitation was applied to
remove protein and further process the mouse plasma and tissue homogenate samples. Multiple reactions
monitoring mode in negative mode was used to quantify the engeletin.
Results and Conclusion:
Linearity of engeletin in plasma and tissues was good (R2 > 0.995), within the
range of 2-2,000 ng/mL in plasma and 2-2,000 ng/g in tissues, and the lower limit of quantitation was 2
ng/mL in plasma and 2 ng/g in tissues. Inter-day precision of engeletin in plasma or tissues (brain, kidney,
heart, liver, spleen, and lung) was < 14%, and intra-day precision was < 15%. After the mice were
intraperitoneally injected with engeletin (20 mg/kg), the distribution in kidney and liver was the highest,
followed by blood, spleen, lung, heart, and brain. Engeletin concentration in the brain was low, suggesting
that engeletin can penetrate through the blood brain barrier, which could also help with engeletin
investigations of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijian Ye
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children' s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Chongliang Lin
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Guanyang Lin
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Ruijie Chen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children' s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Wei Sun
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children' s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Shuanghu Wang
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, The People's Hospital of Lishui, Lishui 323000, China
| | - Xianqin Wang
- Analytical and Testing Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yunfang Zhou
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, The People's Hospital of Lishui, Lishui 323000, China
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Kortesoja M, Karhu E, Olafsdottir ES, Freysdottir J, Hanski L. Impact of dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans from Schisandra chinensis on the redox status and activation of human innate immune system cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 131:309-317. [PMID: 30578916 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Redox signaling has been established as an essential component of inflammatory responses, and redox active compounds are of interest as potential immunomodulatory agents. Dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans isolated from Schisandra chinensis, a medicinal plant with widespread use in oriental medicine, have been implicated to possess immunomodulatory properties but their effects on the human innate immune system cells have not been described. In this contribution, data are presented on the impact of schisandrin, schisandrin B and schisandrin C on human monocytic cell redox status, as well as their impact on dendritic cell maturation and T cell activation capacity and cytokine production. In THP-1 cells, levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were elevated after 1 h exposure to schisandrin. Schisandrin B and schisandrin C decreased cellular glutathione pools, which is a phenotype previously reported to promote anti-inflammatory functions. Treatment of human primary monocytes with the lignans during their maturation to dendritic cells did not have any effect on the appearance of surface markers HLA-DR and CD86 but schisandrin B and schisandrin C suppressed the secretion of cytokines interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10 and IL-12 by the mature dendritic cells. Dendritic cells maturated in presence of schisandrin C were further cocultured with naïve CD4+ T cells, resulting in reduced IL-12 production. In THP-1 cells, schisandrin B and schisandrin C reduced the IL-6 and IL-12 production triggered by E. coli lipopolysaccharide and IL-12 production induced by an infection with Chlamydia pneumoniae. In conclusion, the studied lignans act as immunomodulatory agents by altering the cytokine secretion, but do not interfere with dendritic cell maturation. And the observed effects may be associated with the ability of the lignans to alter cellular redox status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarit Kortesoja
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elina Karhu
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elin Soffia Olafsdottir
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Hofsvallagata 53, 107 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Jona Freysdottir
- Department of Immunology and Center for Rheumatology Research, Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland and Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Eiriksgata, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Leena Hanski
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland.
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