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Guo R, Liu H, Su R, Mao Q, Zhao M, Zhang H, Mu J, Zhao N, Wang Y, Hao Y. Tanreqing injection inhibits influenza virus replication by promoting the fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes: An integrated pharmacological study. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 331:118159. [PMID: 38677572 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Tanreqing injection (TRQ) is widely used, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) injection used in China to treat respiratory infections. Modern pharmacological studies have confirmed that TRQ can protect against influenza viruses. However, the mechanism by which TRQ inhibits influenza viruses remains unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY To explore the therapeutic effects and possible mechanisms of TRQ inhibition by the influenza virus. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/Q-TOF MS) was used to determine the chemical composition of TRQ. Isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) were used to define differential proteins related to TRQ inhibition of viruses. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis were performed for functional annotation. For experimental validation, we established an in vitro model of the influenza virus infection by infecting A549 cells with the virus. The detection of the signaling pathway was carried out through qPCR, western blotting,and immunofluorescence. RESULTS Fifty one components were identified using UPLC/Q-TOF MS. We confirmed the inhibitory effect of TRQ on influenza virus replication in vitro. Ninety nine differentially expressed proteins related to the inhibitory effect of TRQ were identified using iTRAQ. KEGG functional enrichment analysis showed that the TRQ may inhibit influenza virus replication by affecting autophagy. Through network analysis, 29 targets were selected as major targets, and three key targets, HSPA5, PARP1, and GAPDH, may be the TRQ targets affecting autophagy. In vitro experiments showed that TRQ inhibits influenza virus replication by interfering with the expression and localization of STX17 and VAMP8 proteins, thereby promoting the fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes. CONCLUSION TRQ inhibits influenza virus replication by promoting the fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes. We additionally established potential gene and protein targets which are affected by TRQ. Therefore, our findings provide new therapeutic targets and a foundation further studies on influenza treatment with TRQ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Guo
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, PR China; Union Stem Cell & Gene Engineering Co., Ltd, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Hui Liu
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, PR China
| | - Rina Su
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, PR China
| | - Qin Mao
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, PR China
| | - Mengfan Zhao
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, PR China
| | - Haili Zhang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jingwei Mu
- Shanghai Kaibao Pharmaceutical CO., LTD, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Ningbo Zhao
- Shanghai Kaibao Pharmaceutical CO., LTD, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yi Wang
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China.
| | - Yu Hao
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, PR China.
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Khaled N, Ibrahim N, Ali AE, Youssef FS, El-Ahmady SH. LC-qTOF-MS/MS phytochemical profiling of Tabebuia impetiginosa (Mart. Ex DC.) Standl. leaf and assessment of its neuroprotective potential in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 331:118292. [PMID: 38705428 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Tabebuia impetiginosa (Bignoniaceae) was traditionally used for memory enhancement and central nervous system (CNS) stimulation. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aims to create a metabolic profile of the ethyl acetate fraction of T. impetiginosa (TEF) and investigate for the first time its neuroprotective potential on cyclophosphamide (CP)-induced chemobrain, validating its traditional use. MATERIALS AND METHODS Metabolite profiling of TEF was performed using Liquid Chromatography coupled with Quadrupole Time of Flight-Mass/Mass Spectrometry (LC-qTOF-MS/MS). For the in vivo study, CP (200 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered to induce cognitive impairment in rats; TEF (30 mg/kg, p.o.) was administered throughout the 14 days of the experiment to assess its role in mitigating CP-induced neuronal deficits. Behavioral tests including locomotor, Y-maze, and passive avoidance tests were conducted. Additionally, biochemical markers such as reduced glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and caspase-3 immunoexpression were assessed in the hippocampus area. RESULTS Forty-four phytoconstituents were tentatively identified in TEF, mainly iridoids and organic acids. TEF showed significant memory enhancement as evidenced by the increase in step-through latency in the passive avoidance test by 1.5 folds and the increase in sequence alternation percentage (SAP) in the Y-maze test by 67.3%, as compared to CP-group. Moreover, it showed pronounced antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potentials evidenced by the significant elevation in reduced glutathione (GSH) levels by 80% and a pronounced decline in MDA and TNF-α levels by 24% and 45%, respectively relative to the CP group. TEF treatment restored normal hippocampal histological features and attenuated apoptotic caspase-3 expression by 70% compared to the CP group. CONCLUSIONS TEF can act as a promising natural scaffold in managing the chemobrain induced by CP in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nesma Khaled
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt.
| | - Nehal Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt.
| | - Alaa E Ali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt.
| | - Fadia S Youssef
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt.
| | - Sherweit H El-Ahmady
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt.
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Yang J, Chen X, He X, Fang X, Liu S, Zou L, Cao H, Liu J, Zuo J, Yu L, Lu Z. Tanreqing injection demonstrates anti-dengue activity through the regulation of the NF-κB-ICAM-1/VCAM-1 axis. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 130:155764. [PMID: 38797030 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tanreqing injection (TRQ) has been employed in clinical practice as a treatment for dengue fever (DF). Nevertheless, the precise pharmacological mechanism underlying its efficacy remains elusive. METHOD Network pharmacology, molecular docking, transcriptome sequencing, and experimental evaluation were employed to analyze and study the inhibitory potential of TRQ against dengue virus (DENV). RESULT We found that TRQ inhibited the replication of DENV in human umbilical vein endothelial cells, Huh-7 cells, and Hep3B cells. In addition, TRQ prolonged the survival duration of AG129 mice infected with DF, decreased the viral load in serum and organs, and alleviated organ damage. Subsequently, ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis of TRQ was performed to identify 314 targets associated with 36 active compounds present in TRQ. Integration of multiple databases yielded 47 DF-related genes. Then, 15 hub targets of TRQ in DF were determined by calculating the network topology parameters (Degree). Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses revealed that these pathways were primarily enriched in the processes of cytokine activation and leukocyte cross-endothelial migration, with significant enrichment of cell adhesion molecules. Molecular docking revealed favorable binding affinity between TRQ's key active compounds and the predicted hub targets. Transcriptome sequencing results showed TRQ's ability to restore the expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) post-DENV infection. Finally, TRQ was found to modulate the immune status by regulating the nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB)- intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1)/VCAM-1 axis, as well as reduce immune cell alterations, inflammatory factor secretion, vascular permeability, and bleeding tendencies induced by DENV infection. CONCLUSION Our research suggests that TRQ exerts therapeutic effects on DF by regulating the NF-κB-ICAM-1/VCAM-1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabin Yang
- Third Level Research Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Xi Chen
- Third Level Research Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Xuemei He
- Third Level Research Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Xiaochuan Fang
- Third Level Research Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Shanhong Liu
- Third Level Research Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Lifang Zou
- Third Level Research Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Huihui Cao
- Third Level Research Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Junshan Liu
- Third Level Research Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Jianping Zuo
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, PR China
| | - Linzhong Yu
- Third Level Research Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China.
| | - Zibin Lu
- Third Level Research Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China.
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Liu TY, Hao Y, Mao Q, Zhou N, Liu MH, Wu J, Wang Y, Yang MR. Tanreqing Injection Inhibits Activation of NLRP3 Inflammasome in Macrophages Infected with Influenza A Virus by Promoting Mitophagy. Chin J Integr Med 2024:10.1007/s11655-024-3905-3. [PMID: 38910190 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-024-3905-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the inhibitory effect of Tanreqing Injection (TRQ) on the activation of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in macrophages infected with influenza A virus and the underlying mechanism based on mitophagy pathway. METHODS The inflammatory model of murine macrophage J774A.1 induced by influenza A virus [strain A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 (H1N1), PR8] was constructed and treated by TRQ, while the mitochondria-targeted antioxidant Mito-TEMPO and autophagy specific inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA) were used as controls to intensively study the anti-inflammatory mechanism of TRQ based on mitophagy-mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS)-NLRP3 inflammasome pathway. The levels of NLRP3, Caspase-1 p20, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 II (LC3II) and P62 proteins were measured by Western blot. The release of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) was tested by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, the mtROS level was detected by flow cytometry, and the immunofluorescence and co-localization of LC3 and mitochondria were observed under confocal laser scanning microscopy. RESULTS Similar to the effect of Mito-TEMPO and contrary to the results of 3-MA treatment, TRQ could significantly reduce the expressions of NLRP3, Caspase-1 p20, and autophagy adaptor P62, promote the expression of autophagy marker LC3II, enhance the mitochondrial fluorescence intensity, and inhibit the release of mtROS and IL-1β (all P<0.01). Moreover, LC3 was co-localized with mitochondria, confirming the type of mitophagy. CONCLUSION TRQ could reduce the level of mtROS by promoting mitophagy in macrophages infected with influenza A virus, thus inhibiting the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and the release of IL-1β, and attenuating the inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Yi Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Yu Hao
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Qin Mao
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Na Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Meng-Hua Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Jun Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Ming-Rui Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China.
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Li D, Li Y, Wang J, Yang W, Cui K, Su R, Li L, Ren X, Li X, Wang Y. In-depth analysis of the treatment effect and synergistic mechanism of TanReQing injection on clinical multi-drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0272623. [PMID: 38415603 PMCID: PMC10986576 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02726-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is a recognized and concerning public health issue. Gram-negative bacilli, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), are notorious for their rapid development of drug resistance, leading to treatment failures. TanReQing injection (TRQ) was chosen to explore its pharmacological mechanisms against clinical multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa (MDR-PA), given its antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. We revealed the expression of proteins and genes in P. aeruginosa after co-culture with TRQ. This study developed an assessment method to evaluate clinical resistance of P. aeruginosa using MALDI-TOF MS identification and Biotyper database searching techniques. Additionally, it combined MIC determination to investigate changes in MDR-PA treated by TRQ. TRQ effectively reduced the MICs of ceftazidime and cefoperazone and enhanced the confidence scores of MDR-PA as identified by mass spectrometry. Using this evaluation method, the fingerprints of standard P. aeruginosa and MDR-PA were compared, and the characteristic peptide sequence (Seq-PA No. 1) associated with flagellum was found. The phenotypic experiments were conducted to confirm the effect of TRQ on the motility and adhesion of P. aeruginosa. A combination of co-immunoprecipitation and proteome analysis was employed, and 16 proteins were significantly differentially expressed and identified as potential candidates for investigating the mechanism of inhibiting resistance in P. aeruginosa treated by TRQ. The candidates were verified by quantitative real-time PCR analysis, and TRQ may affect these core proteins (MexA, MexB, OprM, OprF, OTCase, IDH, and ASL) that influence resistance of P. aeruginosa. The combination of multiple methods helps elucidate the synergistic mechanism of TRQ in overcoming resistance of P. aeruginosa.IMPORTANCEPseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen closely associated with various life-threatening acute and chronic infections. The presence of antimicrobial resistance and multidrug resistance in P. aeruginosa infections significantly complicates antibiotic treatment. The expression of β-lactamase, efflux systems such as MexAB-OprM, and outer membrane permeability are considered to have the greatest impact on the sensitivity of P. aeruginosa. The study used a method to assess the clinical resistance of P. aeruginosa using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry identification and Biotyper database search techniques. TanReQing injection (TRQ) effectively reduced the MICs of ceftazidime and cefoperazone in multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa (MDR-PA) and improved the confidence scores for co-cultured MDR-PA. The study found a characteristic peptide sequence for distinguishing whether P. aeruginosa is resistant. Through co-immunoprecipitation and proteome analysis, we explored the mechanism of TRQ overcoming resistance of P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongying Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Basic Research on Prevention and Treatment for Major Diseases, Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yueyi Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Basic Research on Prevention and Treatment for Major Diseases, Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyi Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Basic Research on Prevention and Treatment for Major Diseases, Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weifeng Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Basic Research on Prevention and Treatment for Major Diseases, Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kaiyu Cui
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Basic Research on Prevention and Treatment for Major Diseases, Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Renjing Su
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Basic Research on Prevention and Treatment for Major Diseases, Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Basic Research on Prevention and Treatment for Major Diseases, Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xing Ren
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Basic Research on Prevention and Treatment for Major Diseases, Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xianyu Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Basic Research on Prevention and Treatment for Major Diseases, Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Basic Research on Prevention and Treatment for Major Diseases, Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Xiao-Yan G, Qiong-Yu Z, Si-Yuan T. Elucidating the material basis and potential mechanisms of Daqinglong Decoction acting on influenza by UPLC-Q-TOF/MS and network pharmacology. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-15. [PMID: 37962031 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2275173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Daqinglong Decoction (DQLD), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescription firstly recorded in Shang han lun (the treatise on febrile diseases), has been used hundreds of years for the clinical treatment of influenza. However, the chemical composition and therapeutic mechanism of this prescription are unclear. UPLC-Q-TOF/MS was employed to analyze the chemical compounds in both methanol and boiling water extracts of DQLD. The compounds were then screened, characterized, and filtered using the TCMSP, TCMIP, TCM-ID and SymMap database, with a focus on their oral bioavailability and drug-likeness values. The resulting data were analyzed and optimized using the R language platform, Autodock and Gromacs software to identify biological processes and pathways. A total of 121 compounds were identified, of which 5 showed good binding ability to influenza virus targets (1L1B, IL10, CASP3, STAT3, TNF, and others). The active ingredient-target-influenza virus pathway was constructed using a network drug target analysis model prediction of DQLD, which was mainly enriched in Human cytomegalovirus infection, PI3K-Akt, HIF-1, and other signaling pathways through 1L1B, IL10 and other targets. Those pathways highly correlated to the body's inflammatory response, improve immunity, and exert anti-influenza virus effects. In summary, this study demonstrated that DQLD's active ingredients can effectively bind to influenza virus targets and exert anti-influenza virus effects by reducing inflammation and improving immunity through Human cytomegalovirus infection, PI3K-Akt and HIF-1 signaling pathways. These findings offer important insights into the potential mechanisms of action of DQLD and its potential use as a TCM against influenza and other viral infections.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gong Xiao-Yan
- School of Nursing, Yongzhou Vocational Technical College, Yongzhou, China
| | - Zhang Qiong-Yu
- School of Fundamental Sciences, Yongzhou Vocational Technical College, Yongzhou, China
| | - Tang Si-Yuan
- School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Wang W, He Q, Wang MQ, Xu JY, Ji P, Zhang R, Zou K, Sun X. Effects of Tanreqing Injection on ICU Mortality among ICU Patients Receiving Mechanical Ventilation: Time-Dependent Cox Regression Analysis of A Large Registry. Chin J Integr Med 2023; 29:782-790. [PMID: 36973530 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-023-3634-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess whether the use of Tanreqing (TRQ) Injection could show improvements in time to extubation, intensive care unit (ICU) mortality, ventilator-associated events (VAEs) and infection-related ventilator associated complication (IVAC) among patients receiving mechanical ventilation (MV). METHODS A time-dependent cox-regression analysis was conducted using data from a well-established registry of healthcare-associated infections at ICUs in China. Patients receiving continuous MV for 3 days or more were included. A time-varying exposure definition was used for TRQ Injection, which were recorded on daily basis. The outcomes included time to extubation, ICU mortality, VAEs and IVAC. Time-dependent Cox models were used to compare the clinical outcomes between TRQ Injection and non-use, after controlling for the influence of comorbidities/conditions and other medications with both fixed and time-varying covariates. For the analyses of time to extubation and ICU mortality, Fine-Gray competing risk models were also used to measure competing risks and outcomes of interest. RESULTS Overall, 7,685 patients were included for the analyses of MV duration, and 7,273 patients for the analysis of ICU mortality. Compared to non-use, patients with TRQ Injection had a lower risk of ICU mortality (Hazards ratios (HR) 0.761, 95% CI, 0.581-0.997), and was associated with a higher hazard for time to extubation (HR 1.105, 95% CI, 1.005-1.216), suggesting a beneficial effect on shortened time to extubation. No significant differences were observed between TRQ Injection and non-use regarding VAEs (HR 1.057, 95% CI, 0.912-1.225) and IVAC (HR 1.177, 95% CI, 0.929-1.491). The effect estimates were robust when using alternative statistic models, applying alternative inclusion and exclusion criteria, and handling missing data by alternative approaches. CONCLUSION Our findings suggested that the use of TRQ Injection might lower mortality and improve time to extubation among patients receiving MV, even after controlling for the factor that the use of TRQ changed over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Wang
- Chinese Evidence-Based Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Real World Data Research and Evaluation in Hainan, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Sichuan Center of Technology Innovation for Real World Data, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Qiao He
- Chinese Evidence-Based Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Real World Data Research and Evaluation in Hainan, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Sichuan Center of Technology Innovation for Real World Data, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ming-Qi Wang
- Chinese Evidence-Based Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Real World Data Research and Evaluation in Hainan, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Sichuan Center of Technology Innovation for Real World Data, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jia-Yue Xu
- Chinese Evidence-Based Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Real World Data Research and Evaluation in Hainan, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Sichuan Center of Technology Innovation for Real World Data, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Peng Ji
- Intensive Care Unit, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Information Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Kang Zou
- Chinese Evidence-Based Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Real World Data Research and Evaluation in Hainan, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Sichuan Center of Technology Innovation for Real World Data, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xin Sun
- Chinese Evidence-Based Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Real World Data Research and Evaluation in Hainan, Chengdu, 610041, China.
- Sichuan Center of Technology Innovation for Real World Data, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Peng Y, Chen Z, Li H, Han Y, Sun D, Li Y, Wu X, Chen H, Li X. Traditional Chinese Medicine Injections Combined With Oseltamivir for Influenza: Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:848770. [PMID: 35935865 PMCID: PMC9355026 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.848770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: As a cause of respiratory tract infections in humans, influenza remains with high morbidity and mortality, with associated significant healthcare burden and increased financial burden. Traditional Chinese medicine injections (TCMIs) combined with oseltamivir (TCMIs + oseltamivir) are the representative therapeutic strategies for influenza, which is a compliant with clinical applications in China. The aim of this study was to describe the comparative efficacy and safety of TCMIs + oseltamivir in patients with influenza, based on the current evidence. Methods: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform, VIP information resource integration service platform databases, and the Chinese biomedical literature service system were searched to find randomized controlled trials where TCMIs + oseltamivir are the representative therapeutic strategies for influenza, from inception until October 2021, without language restriction. Two investigators independently screened eligibility criteria, extracted data, and appraised the risk of bias with the same criteria. We conducted a network meta-analysis using the Bayesian random method for each outcome and performed the sensitivity analysis, meta-regression, and Egger’s and Begg’s tests for the reliability and robustness of our results. Results: Thirty-one trials including 2,893 participants proved eligible and reported on four TCMIs + oseltamivir versus oseltamivir. Network meta-analysis showed Yanhuning (YHN) +oseltamivir (MD = −1.7, 95% CrI: −2.5 to −0.88; SUCRA = 0.89; low certainty of evidence) in fever disappearance time, Tanreqing (TRQ) +oseltamivir (MD = −1.9, 95% CrI: −2.8 to −1; SUCRA = 0.97; low certainty of evidence) in cough disappearance time, and Xiyanping (XYP) +oseltamivir (OR = 5.9, 95% CrI: 3.1 to 11; SUCRA = 0.82; very low certainty of evidence) in the response rate to be more efficacious than oseltamivir alone with the best SUCRA. Based on the combined SUCRA value for primary outcomes, TRQ + oseltamivir is probably better in cough disappearance time, and XYP + oseltamivir and YHN + oseltamivir may be better in fever disappearance time than others. No significant difference in safety between the treatments. Conclusion: In patients with influenza, TCMIs + oseltamivir only partially improve flu symptoms. Overall therapeutic efficacy and safety are inconclusive, based on low to very low certainty of evidence. However, the safety remains uncertain, and TCMI treatments for influenza should be considered with caution. More high-quality studies examining the efficacy and safety of TCMIs are needed. Systematic Review Registration:https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier CRD42021286994
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Peng
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhe Chen
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Huanmin Li
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Yaowei Han
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Dan Sun
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanjiao Li
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoxia Wu
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongxiang Chen
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinmin Li
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Xinmin Li,
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9
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Cheng G, She B, Mao B, Jiang H. Efficacy and safety of Tanreqing oral liquid in treatment of acute bronchitis: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2022; 23:373. [PMID: 35526026 PMCID: PMC9077961 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-022-06318-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Approximately 5% of adults have an episode of acute bronchitis each year, accounting for more than 10 million medical visits yearly. The primary goal of treatment is reduction of symptoms. Currently, available medications are questionable in effectiveness and safety and are not recommended for routine use in clinical practice. Although Chinese herbal medicine has been widely used in the management of acute bronchitis in China, evidence-based data is lacking. This trial aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Tanreqing oral liquid in the treatment of acute bronchitis with phlegm-heat obstructing lungs syndrome. Methods/design This study is a prospective, multi-center, randomized, double-blinded, parallel-group, placebo-controlled trial. A total of 270 acute bronchitis adult patients with phlegm-heat obstructing lungs syndrome will be enrolled from outpatients and emergency departments at nine study centers across China. All included patients will be randomly allocated to receive Tanreqing oral liquid or placebo oral liquid, 20 mL three times daily for seven consecutive days. The primary outcome will be cough resolution rate. Secondary outcomes will include change of bronchitis symptoms scores from baseline to post-treatment, cough relief rate, time to cough resolution, time to cough relief, resolution rate of a single symptom, combination medicine use, change of traditional Chinese medicine syndrome score from baseline to post-treatment, and adverse events. Discussion This trial may provide an alternative treatment option for acute bronchitis patients, especially those in outpatients and emergency departments. It may also add evidence to Chinese herbal medicine for treating acute bronchitis. Trial registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR2000040264. Registered on 26 November 2020 Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13063-022-06318-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilan Cheng
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin She
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Mao
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hongli Jiang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China.
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10
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Zhao D, Liu XF, Tian YG, Dong HR, Feng SX, Li JS. The pharmacokinetic study of Tanreqing and the interaction with cefixime in rat model of pneumonia by validated UPLC-MS/MS. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 209:114484. [PMID: 34891004 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Combining traditional Chinese medicine and chemical drugs with antimicrobial activities has become more popular, but there is insufficient relevant research on such combinations. The Tanreqing injection (TRQI), a Chinese compound medicine, exhibits therapeutic effects in treating upper respiratory tract infections, severe influenza, and pneumonia. This research investigates the pharmacokinetics of TRQI in pneumonia model rats and explores the effect of the antibiotic cefixime on its metabolism. The pneumonia model rats were randomly divided into six groups: low, medium, and high (3, 6, and 12 mL kg-1) dose TRQI group, and a medium dose TRQI combined with cefixime (14.4 mg kg-1) group, with the remainder two groups were control group. Blood samples were collected from the tail vein at different time points between 0 and 24 h after injection. A sensitive and quick method based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) was established for the simultaneous determination of the 13 TRQI components in the blood samples. The analytes were separated on an XBridge™C18 column (2.1 mm × 150 mm, 5 µm), with the flow phase consisting of methanol and 0.1% formic acid water at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min. The assay method met the biological sample determination requirements, demonstrating good adaptability and practicability for application in the pharmacokinetic study of TRQI in pneumonia model rats. Moreover, the method was used successfully in the interaction study of TRQI with cefixime. The results indicated that co-administration results in a significant change in the pharmacokinetic parameters of the main TRQI components. However, the changes in the pharmacokinetic characteristics of multiple TRQI components were inconsistent. Thus, the results of this drug combination under different pathological conditions in clinical applications were unpredictable. Therefore, more attention should be paid to the combined use of cefixime and TRQI in clinical applications to avoid the risk of adverse drug reactions in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhao
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases Co-constructed by Henan Province & Education Ministry of P.R. China, 450046, China
| | - Xue-Fang Liu
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases Co-constructed by Henan Province & Education Ministry of P.R. China, 450046, China
| | - Yan-Ge Tian
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases Co-constructed by Henan Province & Education Ministry of P.R. China, 450046, China
| | - Hao-Ran Dong
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases Co-constructed by Henan Province & Education Ministry of P.R. China, 450046, China
| | - Su-Xiang Feng
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases Co-constructed by Henan Province & Education Ministry of P.R. China, 450046, China; Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Quality Control and Evaluation, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
| | - Jian-Sheng Li
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases Co-constructed by Henan Province & Education Ministry of P.R. China, 450046, China; Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Quality Control and Evaluation, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
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11
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Zhu XB, Guo M, Zhang ZH, Sun LH, Liu L, Zhou LJ, Shan CL, Yang Y, Kan LD, Li LC. Chinese herbal injections for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A narrative review. Integr Med Res 2021; 10:100778. [PMID: 34608432 PMCID: PMC8481649 DOI: 10.1016/j.imr.2021.100778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The outbreak of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused more than 180 million infections and 3.9 million deaths. To date, emerging clinical evidence has shown the synergetic benefits of Chinese herbal injections in treating this contagious respiratory disease. This review aims to summarize and analyze the efficacy and safety of Chinese herbal injections in the therapy of COVID-19. Methods The literature from 3 electronic databases, PubMed, CNKI, and Web of Science, were searched using the search terms “COVID-19”, “SARS-CoV-2”, “traditional Chinese medicine”, “herb”, “herbal”, and “injection”. Then the identified articles were comprehensively evaluated. Results Limited data demonstrated that Chinese herbal injections could significantly improve the clinical outcomes of COVID-19 patients, especially in combination with conventional treatment strategies. The benefits of which were mainly associated with the relief of symptoms, prevention of secondary infection, regulation of inflammation and immune function. There was also evidence showing the inhibitory effects on SARS-CoV-2 replication in vitro. Nevertheless, available real-world data suggested the increased risk of adverse event. Furthermore, the defects of existing researches and the insights for discovering novel antiviral drugs were prospectively discussed. Conclusion Evidence-based advances revealed that Chinese herbal injections such as XueBiJing injection and ShenMai injection, exerted potent effects against COVID-19. Further laboratory researches and clinical evaluation are needed to gather scientific evidence on the efficacy and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Bin Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meng Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Hui Zhang
- Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai TCM-Integrated Institute of Vascular Anomalies, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Hua Sun
- Department of Diagnostic Ultrasound & Echocardiography, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shaoxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaoxing, China
| | - Li-Juan Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chun-Lei Shan
- Department of Pharmacy, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiasha Campus, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lian-Di Kan
- Department of Pharmacy, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liu-Cheng Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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12
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Xie L, Wang Y, Yin H, Li J, Xu Z, Sun Z, Liu F, Zhang X, Liu S, Sun J, Tian X, Huang C. Identification of the absorbed ingredients and metabolites in rats after an intravenous administration of Tanreqing injection using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2021; 44:2097-2112. [PMID: 33719190 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202000898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The metabolic profiles of Tanreqing injection, which is a traditional Chinese medicine recommended for complementary administration to treat a novel coronavirus, have remained unclear, which inhibit the understanding of the effective chemical compounds of Tanreqing injection. In this study, a sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry method was used to identify the compounds and metabolites in various biosamples, including plasma, bile, liver, lung, kidney, urine, and feces, following the intravenous administration of Tanreqing injection in rats. A total of 89 compounds were characterized in the biosamples of Tanreqing injection-treated rats including 25 precursor constituents and 64 metabolites. Nine flavonoid compounds, twelve phenolic acids, and four iridoid glycosides were identified in the rats. Their metabolites were mainly produced by glucuronidation, deglucuronidation, glycosylation, deglycosylation, methylation, demethylation, N-heterocyclisation, sulphation, dehydroxylation, decarboxylation, dehydration, hydroxylation, and corresponding recombination reactions. This study was the first to comprehensively investigate the metabolic profile of Tanreqing injection and provides a scientific basis to further elucidate the pharmacodynamic material basis and therapeutic mechanism of Tanreqing injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Like Xie
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China.,Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yangyang Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Hao Yin
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jiajia Li
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Zhou Xu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Zhaolin Sun
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Fang Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Shanghai Kaibao Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Shaoyong Liu
- Shanghai Kaibao Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Jianguo Sun
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoting Tian
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Chenggang Huang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
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13
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Wang C, Sun S, Ding X. The therapeutic effects of traditional chinese medicine on COVID-19: a narrative review. Int J Clin Pharm 2020; 43:35-45. [PMID: 32974857 PMCID: PMC7513902 DOI: 10.1007/s11096-020-01153-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a new, highly infective virus. In the absence of specific vaccines and antiviral drugs, the China National Health Commission has released a series of COVID-19 treatment guidelines, which include symptomatic treatment, antiviral treatment, and traditional Chinese medicines (TCM). Aim of the review To analyze and summarize the role of TCMs in the treatment of COVID-19. Methods Relevant studies on TCMs related to the study aim were undertaken through a literature search to synthesize the extracted data. Results The China National Health Commission guidelines recommend 15 oral and injectable TCMs for COVID-19. Studies on TCMs have demonstrated that these compounds possess broad-spectrum antiviral and antibacterial properties, and they have certain advantages in the treatment of viral pneumonia and other emergent infectious diseases. Many TCMs also have potent anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. Treatment based on syndrome differentiation is one of the significant features in TCM. TCM compounds contain a variety of active ingredients that have proven multi-target effects, making it difficult for viruses to develop drug resistance. A variety of clinical pathways are involved in the actions of these TCMs. These properties allow TCMs to be used in the treatment of COVID-19. Conclusion TCMs have been widely used in the treatment of COVID-19 in China. The unique properties of TCM compounds allow TCMs to have a role in the management of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Shusen Sun
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Western New England University, Springfield, MA, 01119, USA. .,Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China. .,The Hunan Institute of Pharmacy Practice and Clinical Research, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
| | - Xuansheng Ding
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
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