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García-Cansino L, García MÁ, Marina ML. Simultaneous Enantiomeric Separation of Carfentrazone-Ethyl Herbicide and Its Hydrolysis Metabolite Carfentrazone by Cyclodextrin Electrokinetic Chromatography. Analysis of Agrochemical Products and a Degradation Study. Molecules 2021; 26:5350. [PMID: 34500782 PMCID: PMC8433761 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The different activity and toxicity that the enantiomers of agrochemicals may have requires the development of stereoselective analytical methodologies enabling the individual determination of each enantiomer. The aim of this work was to develop the first Electrokinetic Chromatography methodology enabling the simultaneous enantiomeric separation of carfentrazone-ethyl herbicide and its hydrolysis metabolite carfentrazone. The use of an anionic cyclodextrin as chiral selector (captisol at 2.5% (w/v)) in a 25 mM acetate buffer, at a temperature of 30 °C, and an applied voltage (reverse polarity) of -30 kV, allowed the simultaneous separation of the four enantiomers of the two compounds studied in 6.8 min with enantiomeric resolutions of 5.0 for carfentrazone-ethyl and 5.1 for carfentrazone. Analytical characteristics of the developed method were evaluated and found adequate to achieve the quantitation of carfentrazone-ethyl and carfentrazone. Analysis of a commercial herbicide formulation showed the potential of the method for the quality control of these agrochemical products. Degradation studies for carfentrazone-ethyl revealed that no significant degradation took place in cleaned sand samples while a significant but not stereoselective degradation took place in soils for the whole period of time considered (seven days).
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura García-Cansino
- Universidad de Alcalá, Departamento de Química Analítica, Química Física e Ingeniería Química, Ctra, Madrid-Barcelona Km, 33.600, 28871 Alcalá de Henares (Madrid), Spain; (L.G.-C.); (M.Á.G.)
| | - María Ángeles García
- Universidad de Alcalá, Departamento de Química Analítica, Química Física e Ingeniería Química, Ctra, Madrid-Barcelona Km, 33.600, 28871 Alcalá de Henares (Madrid), Spain; (L.G.-C.); (M.Á.G.)
- Universidad de Alcalá, Instituto de Investigación Química Andrés M, del Río, Ctra, Madrid-Barcelona Km, 33.600, 28871 Alcalá de Henares (Madrid), Spain
| | - María Luisa Marina
- Universidad de Alcalá, Departamento de Química Analítica, Química Física e Ingeniería Química, Ctra, Madrid-Barcelona Km, 33.600, 28871 Alcalá de Henares (Madrid), Spain; (L.G.-C.); (M.Á.G.)
- Universidad de Alcalá, Instituto de Investigación Química Andrés M, del Río, Ctra, Madrid-Barcelona Km, 33.600, 28871 Alcalá de Henares (Madrid), Spain
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Duan J, Sun M, Shen Y, Gao B, Zhang Z, Gao T, Wang M. Enantioselective Acute Toxicity and Bioactivity of Carfentrazone-ethyl enantiomers. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2018; 101:651-656. [PMID: 30361749 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-018-2474-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The stereoselective herbicidal bioactivity and toxicity toward aquatic organisms of carfentrazone-ethyl enantiomers were investigated. The results showed that there was significant enantioselective acute toxicity toward Selenastrum bibraianum. In addition, S-(-)-carfentrazone-ethyl was 4.8 times more potent than R-(+)-isomer. However, a slight enantioselectivity was observed for Daphnia magna and Danio rerio. The stereoselective herbicidal bioactivity of carfentrazone-ethyl enantiomers was observed by assessing maize root-length inhibition. The results clarified that S-(-)-carfentrazone-ethyl (EC50 1.94 mg/L) > Rac-carfentrazone-ethyl (EC50 2.18 mg/L) > R-(+)-carfentrazone-ethyl (EC50 3.96 mg/L). The herbicidal bioactivity of S-(-)-carfentrazone-ethyl was 2 times higher more than R-(+)-isomer. The mechanism of enantioselective bioactivity was illustrated using molecular simulation software. The GlideScore energies of S-(-)-carfentrazone-ethyl and R-(+)-carfentrazone-ethyl were - 6.15 kcal/mol and - 5.59 kcal/mol, indicating that the S-form has a greater affinity to the active site of protoporphyrinogen oxidase, which is consistent with the results of the bioactive assay. This study can rise the significance of risk assessments for carfentrazone-ethyl herbicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsheng Duan
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-Product Safety, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Safety Risk Evaluation (Hefei), Ministry of Agriculture, Hefei, 230031, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingna Sun
- Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-Product Safety, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Safety Risk Evaluation (Hefei), Ministry of Agriculture, Hefei, 230031, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Shen
- Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-Product Safety, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Safety Risk Evaluation (Hefei), Ministry of Agriculture, Hefei, 230031, People's Republic of China
| | - Beibei Gao
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoxian Zhang
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Tongchun Gao
- Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-Product Safety, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Safety Risk Evaluation (Hefei), Ministry of Agriculture, Hefei, 230031, People's Republic of China
| | - Minghua Wang
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
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Duan J, Dong X, Shen Y, Gao B, Zhang Z, Gao T, Wang M. Simultaneous determination of enantiomers of carfentrazone-ethyl and its metabolite in eight matrices using high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2018; 41:3697-3705. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201701349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinsheng Duan
- Department of Pesticide Science; College of Plant Protection; State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing Jiangsu P. R. China
- Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-Products Safety; Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Safety Risk Evaluation (Hefei); Hefei P. R. China
| | - Xu Dong
- Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-Products Safety; Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Safety Risk Evaluation (Hefei); Hefei P. R. China
| | - Yang Shen
- Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-Products Safety; Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Safety Risk Evaluation (Hefei); Hefei P. R. China
| | - Beibei Gao
- Department of Pesticide Science; College of Plant Protection; State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Zhaoxian Zhang
- Department of Pesticide Science; College of Plant Protection; State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Tongchun Gao
- Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-Products Safety; Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Safety Risk Evaluation (Hefei); Hefei P. R. China
| | - Minghua Wang
- Department of Pesticide Science; College of Plant Protection; State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing Jiangsu P. R. China
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Liu T, Diao J, Di S, Zhou Z. Bioaccumulation of isocarbophos enantiomers from laboratory-contaminated aquatic environment by tubificid worms. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 124:77-82. [PMID: 25475969 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Revised: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The benthic fauna is of great importance to assess the environmental fate of contaminations in aquatic ecosystem. In this study, tubificids were exposed to both laboratory-contaminated aqueous phases and spiked sediment to study the bioaccumulation of isocarbophos (ICP). Two types of spiked sediments were used in the spiked sediment experiment. During the exposure period, an enantioselective bioaccumulation was found in spiked water treatment, with concentrations of the (-)-ICP higher than that of the (+)-ICP, but no enantioselectivity was detected in the spiked sediment treatments. However, different bioaccumulation patterns were observed in the two spiked sediment treatments. Results showed that for spiked forest field sediment (FF sediment) incubation, bioaccumulation was governed by the concentrations in soil. Whereas ICP was bioaccumulated dominantly from overlying water in spiked Chagan Lake sediment (CG sediment) test. The dissipation rates were proved different in the two sediments and ICP dissipated much faster in CG sediment than that in FF sediment. Significant difference in ICP's half-life was also observed between worm-present and worm-free treatments in FF sediment. The detections of concentrations in overlying water indicated that much more ICP diffused to aquatic phase with the present of tubificids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Jinling Diao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West road 2, Beijing 100193, PR China.
| | - Shanshan Di
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West road 2, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhou
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West road 2, Beijing 100193, PR China
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Chai T, Yang W, Qiu J, Hou S. Direct Enantioseparation of Nitrogen-Heterocyclic Pesticides on Cellulose-Based Chiral Column by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. Chirality 2014; 27:32-8. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.22385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Chai
- College of Science; China Agricultural University; Beijing China
- Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Wenwen Yang
- College of Science; China Agricultural University; Beijing China
- Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Jing Qiu
- Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Shicong Hou
- College of Science; China Agricultural University; Beijing China
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Rapid Enantioseparation and Determination of Isocarbophos Enantiomers in Orange Pulp, Peel, and Kumquat by Chiral HPLC-MS/MS. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-014-9922-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Zhuang XM, Wei X, Tan Y, Xiao WB, Yang HY, Xie JW, Lu C, Li H. Contribution of carboxylesterase and cytochrome P450 to the bioactivation and detoxification of isocarbophos and its enantiomers in human liver microsomes. Toxicol Sci 2014; 140:40-8. [PMID: 24752505 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfu067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Organophosphorus pesticides are the most widely used pesticides in modern agricultural systems to ensure good harvests. Isocarbophos (ICP), with a potent acetylcholinesterase inhibitory effect is widely utilized to control a variety of leaf-eating and soil insects. However, the characteristics of the bioactivation and detoxification of ICP in humans remain unclear. In this study, the oxidative metabolism, esterase hydrolysis, and chiral inversion of ICP in human liver microsomes (HLMs) were investigated with the aid of a stereoselective LC/MS/MS method. The depletion of ICP in HLMs was faster in the absence of carboxylesterase inhibitor (BNPP) than in the presence of NADPH and BNPP, with t1/2 of 5.2 and 90 min, respectively. Carboxylesterase was found to be responsible for the hydrolysis of ICP, the major metabolic pathway. CYP3A4, CYP1A2, CYP2D6, CYP2C9, and CYP2C19 were all involved in the secondary metabolism pathway of desulfuration of ICP. Flavin-containing monooxygenase (FMO) did not contribute to the clearance of ICP. The hydrolysis and desulfuration of (±)ICP, (+)ICP, and (-)ICP in HLMs follow Michaelis-Menten kinetics. Individual enantiomers of ICP and its oxidative desulfuration metabolite isocarbophos oxon (ICPO) were found to be inhibitors of acetylcholinesterases at different extents. For example, (±)ICPO is more potent than ICP (IC50 0.031μM vs. 192μM), whereas (+)ICPO is more potent than (-)ICPO (IC50 0.017μM vs. 1.55μM). Given the finding of rapid hydrolysis of ICP and low abundance of oxidative metabolites presence in human liver, the current study highlights that human liver has a greater capacity for detoxification of ICP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Mei Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Xia Wei
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Yan Tan
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Wei-Bin Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Hai-Ying Yang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Jian-Wei Xie
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Chuang Lu
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Hua Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing 100850, China
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Sardella R, Ianni F, Lisanti A, Marinozzi M, Scorzoni S, Natalini B. The effect of mobile phase composition in the enantioseparation of pharmaceutically relevant compounds with polysaccharide-based stationary phases. Biomed Chromatogr 2013; 28:159-67. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Revised: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roccaldo Sardella
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologia del Farmaco; Via del Liceo 1 06123 Perugia Italy
| | - Federica Ianni
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologia del Farmaco; Via del Liceo 1 06123 Perugia Italy
| | - Antonella Lisanti
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologia del Farmaco; Via del Liceo 1 06123 Perugia Italy
| | - Maura Marinozzi
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologia del Farmaco; Via del Liceo 1 06123 Perugia Italy
| | - Stefania Scorzoni
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologia del Farmaco; Via del Liceo 1 06123 Perugia Italy
| | - Benedetto Natalini
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologia del Farmaco; Via del Liceo 1 06123 Perugia Italy
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Zhang H, Wang X, Zhuang S, Jin N, Wang X, Qian M, Xu H, Qi P, Wang Q, Wang M. Enantioselective analysis and degradation studies of isocarbophos in soils by chiral liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:10188-10195. [PMID: 23009639 DOI: 10.1021/jf302620s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
An enantioselective method is presented for the determination of isocarbophos in soil by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. The pesticide residues in soil samples were extracted with acetonitrile, and complete enantioseparation was obtained on an amylose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral column using acetonitrile/2 mM ammonium acetate solution containing 0.1% formic acid (60:40, v/v) as the mobile phase. The absolute configuration of isocarbophos enantiomers was determined by the combination of experimental and calculated electronic circular dichroism spectra. The method was utilized to investigate the degradation of isocarbophos in soils (Changchun, Hangzhou, and Zhengzhou) under sterilized or native conditions. Isocarbophos enantiomers were configurationally stable in the selected soils, and the pesticide degradation was not enantioselective in the sterilized condition. The degradation behavior of rac-isocarbophos was different under native conditions, with no enantioselectivity in the Changchun soil and with the S-(+)-isocarbophos enriched in the Hangzhou and Zhengzhou soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Zhang
- Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
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Yang W, Qiu J, Chen T, Yang S, Hou S. Direct Enantioseparation of Nitrogen-heterocyclic Pesticides on Amylose-tris-(5-chloro-2-methylphenylcarbamate) by Reversed-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. Chirality 2012; 24:1031-6. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.22092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2012] [Accepted: 05/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Yang
- Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Beijing 100081 China
- Key Laboratory of Agri-Food Quality and Safety; Ministry of Agriculture; Beijing 100081 China
- College of Science; China Agricultural University; Beijing 100193 China
| | - Jing Qiu
- Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Beijing 100081 China
- Key Laboratory of Agri-Food Quality and Safety; Ministry of Agriculture; Beijing 100081 China
| | - Tianjin Chen
- Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Beijing 100081 China
- Key Laboratory of Agri-Food Quality and Safety; Ministry of Agriculture; Beijing 100081 China
| | - Shuming Yang
- Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Beijing 100081 China
- Key Laboratory of Agri-Food Quality and Safety; Ministry of Agriculture; Beijing 100081 China
| | - Shicong Hou
- College of Science; China Agricultural University; Beijing 100193 China
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LI X, LIU Y, HU C, BAI L, GAO B, HUANG K. Direct Optical Resolution of Chiral Pesticides by High Performance Liquid Chromatography. Chin J Chem Eng 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s1004-9541(11)60029-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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12
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Li L, Zhou S, Jin L, Zhang C, Liu W. Enantiomeric separation of organophosphorus pesticides by high-performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography and capillary electrophoresis and their applications to environmental fate and toxicity assays. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2010; 878:1264-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2009.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2009] [Revised: 10/26/2009] [Accepted: 10/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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13
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Enantioselective degradation of fipronil in Chinese cabbage (Brassica pekinensis). Food Chem 2008; 110:399-405. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2007] [Revised: 01/15/2008] [Accepted: 02/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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da Silva Junior IJ, Sartor JP, Rosa PCP, de Veredas V, Barreto Júnior AG, Santana CC. High-performance liquid chromatographic separation of rolipram, bupivacaine and omeprazole using a tartardiamide-based stationary phase. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1162:97-102. [PMID: 17645885 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2006] [Revised: 07/05/2007] [Accepted: 07/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Chromatographic separation of the chiral drugs rolipram, bupivacaine and omeprazole on a tartardiamide-based stationary phase commercially named Kromasil CHI-TBB is shown in this work. The effect of temperature on the chromatographic separation of the chiral drugs using the Kromasil CHI-TBB stationary phase was determined quantitatively so as to contribute toward the design for the racemic mixtures of the named compound by using chiral columns. A decrease in the retention and selectivity factors was observed, when the column temperature increased. Van't Hoff plots provided the thermodynamic data. The variation of the thermodynamic parameters enthalpy and entropy are clearly negative meaning that the separation is enthalpy controlled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivanildo José da Silva Junior
- Department of Biotechnological Processes, School of Chemical Engineering, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, P.O. Box 6066, 13083 - 970 Campinas - SP, Brazil
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Vanhoenacker G, Sandra P. Elevated temperature and temperature programming in conventional liquid chromatography – fundamentals and applications. J Sep Sci 2006; 29:1822-35. [PMID: 16970186 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200600160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Temperature, as a powerful variable in conventional LC is discussed from a fundamental point of view and illustrated with applications from the author's laboratory. Emphasis is given to the influence of temperature on speed, selectivity, efficiency, detectability, and mobile phase composition (green chromatography). The problems accompanying the use of elevated temperature and temperature programming in LC are reviewed and solutions are described. The available stationary phases for high temperature operation are summarized and a brief overview of recent applications reported in the literature is given.
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