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Chiang H, Mudar RA, Dugas CS, Motes MA, Kraut MA, Hart J. A modified neural circuit framework for semantic memory retrieval with implications for circuit modulation to treat verbal retrieval deficits. Brain Behav 2024; 14:e3490. [PMID: 38680077 PMCID: PMC11056716 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.3490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Word finding difficulty is a frequent complaint in older age and disease states, but treatment options are lacking for such verbal retrieval deficits. Better understanding of the neurophysiological and neuroanatomical basis of verbal retrieval function may inform effective interventions. In this article, we review the current evidence of a neural retrieval circuit central to verbal production, including words and semantic memory, that involves the pre-supplementary motor area (pre-SMA), striatum (particularly caudate nucleus), and thalamus. We aim to offer a modified neural circuit framework expanded upon a memory retrieval model proposed in 2013 by Hart et al., as evidence from electrophysiological, functional brain imaging, and noninvasive electrical brain stimulation studies have provided additional pieces of information that converge on a shared neural circuit for retrieval of memory and words. We propose that both the left inferior frontal gyrus and fronto-polar regions should be included in the expanded circuit. All these regions have their respective functional roles during verbal retrieval, such as selection and inhibition during search, initiation and termination of search, maintenance of co-activation across cortical regions, as well as final activation of the retrieved information. We will also highlight the structural connectivity from and to the pre-SMA (e.g., frontal aslant tract and fronto-striatal tract) that facilitates communication between the regions within this circuit. Finally, we will discuss how this circuit and its correlated activity may be affected by disease states and how this circuit may serve as a novel target engagement for neuromodulatory treatment of verbal retrieval deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsueh‐Sheng Chiang
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTexasUSA
- School of Behavioral and Brain SciencesThe University of Texas at DallasRichardsonTexasUSA
| | - Raksha A. Mudar
- Department of Speech and Hearing ScienceUniversity of Illinois Urbana‐ChampaignChampaignIllinoisUSA
| | - Christine S. Dugas
- School of Behavioral and Brain SciencesThe University of Texas at DallasRichardsonTexasUSA
| | - Michael A. Motes
- School of Behavioral and Brain SciencesThe University of Texas at DallasRichardsonTexasUSA
| | - Michael A. Kraut
- Department of Radiology and Radiological ScienceJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - John Hart
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTexasUSA
- School of Behavioral and Brain SciencesThe University of Texas at DallasRichardsonTexasUSA
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Duggan MR, Steinberg Z, Peterson T, Francois TJ, Parikh V. Cognitive trajectories in longitudinally trained 3xTg-AD mice. Physiol Behav 2024; 275:114435. [PMID: 38103626 PMCID: PMC10872326 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2023.114435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Preclinical studies in Alzheimer's disease (AD) often rely on cognitively naïve animal models in cross-sectional designs that can fail to reflect the cognitive exposures across the lifespan and heterogeneous neurobehavioral features observed in humans. To determine whether longitudinal cognitive training may affect cognitive capacities in a well-characterized AD mouse model, 3xTg and wild-type mice (n = 20) were exposed daily to a training variant of the Go-No-Go (GNG) operant task from 3 to 9 months old. At 3, 6, and 9 months, performance on a testing variant of the GNG task and anxiety-like behaviors were measured, while long-term recognition memory was also assessed at 9 months. In general, GNG training improved performance with increasing age across genotypes. At 3 months old, 3xTg mice showed slight deficits in inhibitory control that were accompanied by minor improvements in signal detection and decreased anxiety-like behavior, but these differences did not persist at 6 and 9 months old. At 9 months old, 3xTg mice displayed minor deficits in signal detection, and long-term recognition memory capacity was comparable with wild-type subjects. Our findings indicate that longitudinal cognitive training can render 3xTg mice with cognitive capacities that are on par with their wild-type counterparts, potentially reflecting functional compensation in subjects harboring AD genetic mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Duggan
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, United States
| | - Zoe Steinberg
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, United States
| | - Tara Peterson
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, United States
| | - Tara-Jade Francois
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, United States
| | - Vinay Parikh
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, United States.
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Pronina MV, Ponomarev VA, Poliakov YI, Martins-Mourao A, Plotnikova IV, Müller A, Kropotov YD. Event-related EEG synchronization and desynchronization in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Psychophysiology 2023; 60:e14403. [PMID: 37578353 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Symptoms in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) are associated with impairment in cognitive control, attention, and action inhibition. We investigated OCD group differences relative to healthy subjects in terms of event-related alpha and beta range synchronization (ERS) and desynchronization (ERD) during a visually cued Go/NoGo task. Subjects were 62 OCD patients and 296 healthy controls (HC). The OCD group in comparison with HC, showed a changed value of alpha/beta oscillatory power over the central cortex, in particular, an increase in the alpha/beta ERD over the central-parietal cortex during the interstimulus interval (Cue condition) as well as changes in the postmovement beta synchronization topography and frequency. Over the frontal cortex, the OCD group showed an increase in magnitude of the beta ERS in NoGo condition. Within the parietal-occipital ERS/ERD modulations, the OCD group showed an increase in the alpha/beta ERD over the parietal cortex after the presentation of the visual stimuli as well as a decrease in the beta ERD over the occipital cortex after the presentation of the Cue and Go stimuli. The specific properties in the ERS/ERD patterns observed in the OCD group may reflect high involvement of the frontal and central cortex in action preparation and action inhibition processes and, possibly, in maintaining the motor program, which might be a result of the dysfunction of the cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical circuits involving prefrontal cortex. The data about enhanced involvement of the parietal cortex in the evaluation of the visual stimuli are in line with the assumption about overfocused attention in OCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina V Pronina
- N.P. Bechtereva Institute of the Human Brain of Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Valery A Ponomarev
- N.P. Bechtereva Institute of the Human Brain of Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Yury I Poliakov
- Pavlov First Saint-Petersburg State Medical University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
- Pavlov Institute of Physiology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Antonio Martins-Mourao
- QEEG & Brain Research Lab, Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Irina V Plotnikova
- N.P. Bechtereva Institute of the Human Brain of Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Yury D Kropotov
- N.P. Bechtereva Institute of the Human Brain of Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
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Prasad R, Tarai S, Bit A. Investigation of frequency components embedded in EEG recordings underlying neuronal mechanism of cognitive control and attentional functions. Cogn Neurodyn 2023; 17:1321-1344. [PMID: 37786663 PMCID: PMC10542063 DOI: 10.1007/s11571-022-09888-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Attentional cognitive control regulates the perception to enhance human behaviour. The current study examines the atltentional mechanisms in terms of time and frequency of EEG signals. The cognitive load is higher for processing local attentional stimulus, thereby demanding higher response time (RT) with low response accuracy (RA). On the other hand, the global attentional mechanisms broadly promote the perception while demanding a low cognitive load with faster RT and high RA. Attentional mechanisms refer to perceptual systems that afford and allocate the adaptive behaviours for prioritizing the processing of relevant stimuli based on the local and global features. The early sensory component of C1, which was associated with the local attentional mechanism, showed higher amplitudes than the global attentional mechanisms in parieto-occipital regions. Further, the local attentional mechanisms were also sustained in N2 and P3 components increasing higher amplitude in the left and right hemispheric sides of temporal regions (T7 and T8). Theta band frequency had shown higher power spectrum density (PSD) values while processing local attentional mechanisms. However, the significance of other frequency bands was noticeably minute. Hence, integrating the attentional mechanisms in terms of ERP and frequency signatures, a hybrid custom weight allocation model (CWAM) was built to assess and predict the contribution of insignificant channels to significant ones. The CWAM model was formulated based on the computational linear regression derivatives. All the derivatives are computationally derived the significant score while channelizing the hierarchical performance of each channel with respect to the frequent and deviant occurrences of global-local stimulus. This model enables us to configure the neural dynamicity of cognitive allocation of resources within the different locations of the human brain while processing the attentional stimulus. CWAM is reported to be the first model to evaluate the performance of the non-significant channels for enhancing the response of significant channels. The findings of the CWAM model suggest that the brain's performance may be determined by the underlying contribution of the non-significant channels. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11571-022-09888-x.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shashikanta Tarai
- Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, NIT Raipur, Raipur, India
| | - Arindam Bit
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, NIT Raipur, Raipur, India
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Application of Machine Learning to Diagnostics of Schizophrenia Patients Based on Event-Related Potentials. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13030509. [PMID: 36766614 PMCID: PMC9913945 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13030509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a major psychiatric disorder that significantly reduces the quality of life. Early treatment is extremely important in order to mitigate the long-term negative effects. In this paper, a machine learning based diagnostics of schizophrenia was designed. Classification models were applied to the event-related potentials (ERPs) of patients and healthy subjects performing the visual cued Go/NoGo task. The sample consisted of 200 adult individuals ranging in age from 18 to 50 years. In order to apply the machine learning models, various features were extracted from the ERPs. The process of feature extraction was parametrized through a special procedure and the parameters of this procedure were selected through a grid-search technique along with the model hyperparameters. Feature extraction was followed by sequential feature selection transformation in order to prevent overfitting and reduce the computational complexity. Various models were trained on the resulting feature set. The best model was support vector machines with a sensitivity and specificity of 91% and 90.8%, respectively.
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Lamp G, Sola Molina RM, Hugrass L, Beaton R, Crewther D, Crewther SG. Kinematic Studies of the Go/No-Go Task as a Dynamic Sensorimotor Inhibition Task for Assessment of Motor and Executive Function in Stroke Patients: An Exploratory Study in a Neurotypical Sample. Brain Sci 2022; 12:1581. [PMID: 36421905 PMCID: PMC9688448 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12111581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of reaching and grasping actions as an element of cognitive control and executive function is a vital component of sensorimotor behaviour that is often impaired in patients who have lost sensorimotor function following a stroke. To date, there are few kinematic studies detailing the fine spatial and temporal upper limb movements associated with the millisecond temporal trajectory of correct and incorrect responses to visually driven Go/No-Go reaching and grasping tasks. Therefore, we aimed to refine the behavioural measurement of correct and incorrect inhibitory motor responses in a Go/No-Go task for future quantification and personalized rehabilitation in older populations and those with acquired motor disorders, such as stroke. An exploratory study mapping the kinematic profiles of hand movements in neurotypical participants utilizing such a task was conducted using high-speed biological motion capture cameras, revealing both within and between subject differences in a sample of healthy participants. These kinematic profiles and differences are discussed in the context of better assessment of sensorimotor function impairment in stroke survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Lamp
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Rosa Maria Sola Molina
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Laila Hugrass
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Russell Beaton
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - David Crewther
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3022, Australia
| | - Sheila Gillard Crewther
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3022, Australia
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Chiang HS, Motes M, Kraut M, Vanneste S, Hart J. High-definition transcranial direct current stimulation modulates theta response during a Go-NoGo task in traumatic brain injury. Clin Neurophysiol 2022; 143:36-47. [PMID: 36108520 PMCID: PMC10545365 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2022.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE High Definition transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (HD-tDCS) has been shown to improve cognitive performance in individuals with chronic traumatic brain injury (TBI), although electrophysiological mechanisms remain unclear. METHODS Veterans with TBI underwent active anodal (N = 15) vs sham (N = 10) HD-tDCS targeting the pre-supplementary motor area (pre-SMA). A Go-NoGo task was conducted simultaneously with electroencephalography (EEG) at baseline and after intervention completion. RESULTS We found increased theta event-related spectral perturbation (ERSP) and inter-trial phase coherence (ITPC) during Go in the frontal midline electrodes overlying the pre-SMA after active HD-tDCS intervention, but not after sham. We also found increased theta phase coherence during Go between the frontal midline and left posterior regions after active HD-tDCS. A late increase in alpha-theta ERSP was found in the left central region after active HD-tDCS. Notably, lower baseline theta ERSP/ITPC in the frontal midline region predicted more post-intervention improvement in Go performance only in the active group. CONCLUSIONS There are local and interregional oscillatory changes in response to HD-tDCS modulation in chronic TBI. SIGNIFICANCE These findings may guide future research in utilizing EEG time-frequency metrics not only to measure interventional effects, but also in selecting candidates who may optimally respond to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsueh-Sheng Chiang
- Department of Neurology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W Campbell Rd, Richardson, TX 75080, USA.
| | - Michael Motes
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W Campbell Rd, Richardson, TX 75080, USA.
| | - Michael Kraut
- Department of Radiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 601 N Caroline St, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Sven Vanneste
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W Campbell Rd, Richardson, TX 75080, USA; Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - John Hart
- Department of Neurology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W Campbell Rd, Richardson, TX 75080, USA.
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Piani MC, Maggioni E, Delvecchio G, Brambilla P. Sustained attention alterations in major depressive disorder: A review of fMRI studies employing Go/No-Go and CPT tasks. J Affect Disord 2022; 303:98-113. [PMID: 35139418 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a severe psychiatric condition characterized by selective cognitive dysfunctions. In this regard, functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) studies showed, both at resting state and during tasks, alterations in the brain functional networks involved in cognitive processes in MDD patients compared to controls. Among those, it seems that the attention network may have a role in the disease pathophysiology. Therefore, in this review we aim at summarizing the current fMRI evidence investigating sustained attention in MDD patients. METHODS We conducted a search on PubMed on case-control studies on MDD employing fMRI acquisitions during Go/No-Go and continuous performance tasks. A total of 12 studies have been included in the review. RESULTS Overall, the majority of fMRI studies reported quantitative alterations in the response to attentive tasks in selective brain regions, including the prefrontal cortex, the cingulate cortex, the temporal and parietal lobes, the insula and the precuneus, which are key nodes of the attention, the executive, and the default mode networks. LIMITATIONS The heterogeneity in the study designs, fMRI acquisition techniques and processing methods have limited the generalizability of the results. CONCLUSIONS The results from the included studies showed the presence of alterations in the activation patterns of regions involved in sustained attention in MDD, which are in line with current evidence and seemed to explain some of the key symptoms of depression. However, given the paucity and heterogeneity of studies available, it may be worthwhile to continue investigating the attentional domain in MDD with ad-hoc study designs to retrieve more robust evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Chiara Piani
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano 20122, Italy
| | - Eleonora Maggioni
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano 20122, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Delvecchio
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano 20122, Italy.
| | - Paolo Brambilla
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano 20122, Italy; Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Italy
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Lydon EA, Nguyen LT, Shende SA, Chiang HS, Spence JS, Mudar RA. EEG theta and alpha oscillations in early versus late mild cognitive impairment during a semantic Go/NoGo task. Behav Brain Res 2022; 416:113539. [PMID: 34416304 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) is marked by episodic memory deficits, which can be used to classify individuals into early MCI (EMCI) and late MCI (LMCI). Although mounting evidence suggests that individuals with aMCI have additional cognitive alterations including deficits in cognitive control, few have examined if EMCI and LMCI differ on processes other than episodic memory. Using a semantic Go/NoGo task, we examined differences in cognitive control between EMCI and LMCI on behavioral (accuracy and reaction time) and neural (scalp-recorded event-related oscillations in theta and alpha band) measures. Although no behavioral differences were observed between the EMCI and LMCI groups, differences in neural oscillations were observed. The LMCI group had higher theta synchronization on Go trials at central electrodes compared to the EMCI group. In addition, the EMCI group showed differences in theta power at central electrodes and alpha power at central and centro-parietal electrodes between Go and NoGo trials, while the LMCI group did not exhibit such differences. These findings suggest that while behavioral differences may not be observable, neural changes underlying cognitive control processes may differentiate EMCI and LMCI stages and may be useful to understand the trajectory of aMCI in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Lydon
- Department of Speech and Hearing Science, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 901 South 6th Street, Champaign, IL, 61820, United States
| | - Lydia T Nguyen
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 405 North Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL, 61801, United States
| | - Shraddha A Shende
- Department of Speech and Hearing Science, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 901 South 6th Street, Champaign, IL, 61820, United States
| | - Hsueh-Sheng Chiang
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, United States; School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W Campbell Rd, Richardson, TX, United States
| | - Jeffrey S Spence
- Center for BrainHealth, The University of Texas at Dallas, 2200 West Mockingbird Ln, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Raksha A Mudar
- Department of Speech and Hearing Science, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 901 South 6th Street, Champaign, IL, 61820, United States; Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 405 North Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL, 61801, United States.
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DeLaRosa BL, Spence JS, Motes MA, To W, Vanneste S, Kraut MA, Hart J. Identification of selection and inhibition components in a Go/NoGo task from EEG spectra using a machine learning classifier. Brain Behav 2020; 10:e01902. [PMID: 33078586 PMCID: PMC7749513 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prior Go/NoGo studies have localized specific regions and EEG spectra for which traditional approaches have distinguished between Go and NoGo conditions. A more detailed characterization of the spatial distribution and timing of the synchronization of frequency bands would contribute substantially to the clarification of neural mechanisms that underlie performance of the Go/NoGo task. METHODS The present study used a machine learning approach to learn the features that distinguish between ERSPs involved in selection and inhibition in a Go/NoGo task. A single-layer neural network classifier was used to predict task conditions for each subject to characterize ERSPs associated with Go versus NoGo trials. RESULTS The final classifier accurately identified individual task conditions at an overall rate of 92%, estimated by fivefold cross-validation. The detailed accounting of EEG time-frequency patterns localized to brain regions (i.e., thalamus, pre-SMA, orbitofrontal cortex, and superior parietal cortex) corroborates and also elaborates upon previous findings from fMRI and EEG studies, and expands the information about EEG power changes in multiple frequency bands (i.e., primarily theta power increase, alpha decreases, and beta increases and decreases) within these regions underlying the selection and inhibition processes engaged in the Go and NoGo trials. CONCLUSION This time-frequency-based classifier extends previous spatiotemporal findings and provides information about neural mechanisms underlying selection and inhibition processes engaged in Go and NoGo trials, respectively. This neural network classifier can be used to assess time-frequency patterns from an individual subject and thus may offer insight into therapeutic uses of neuromodulation in neural dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bambi L DeLaRosa
- School of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Spence
- Center for BrainHealth, The University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Michael A Motes
- Callier Center - Dallas, The University of Texas at Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Wing To
- Callier Center - Dallas, The University of Texas at Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Sven Vanneste
- Callier Center - Dallas, The University of Texas at Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Michael A Kraut
- Department of Radiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - John Hart
- Callier Center - Dallas, The University of Texas at Dallas, TX, USA
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