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Deshmukh K, Bit A. Numerical analysis of scaffold degradation in cryogenic environment: impact of cell migration and cell apoptosis. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2024; 10:035010. [PMID: 38447212 DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/ad30cc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
The analysis of degradation in the presence of cell death and migration is a critical aspect of research in various biological fields, such as tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, and disease pathology. In present study, numerical study of degradation of scaffold were performed in present of cells, cell apoptosis and cell migration. A poly electrolyte complex (PEC) silk fibroin scaffold was used for degradation study. Degradation study in the presence of cells and migration were performed at fixed pH concentration 7.2. Similarly, degradation study of scaffold were performed at different pH cell apoptosis. A transient analysis of scaffold was evaluated in COMSOL 5.5 in presence of cryogenic temperature at different temperature gradient. The parameters; temperature, stress, strain tensor and deformation gradient associated with the degradation of polyelectrolyte complex scaffold were evaluated. Result shows that in both geometries minimum temperature had been achieved as 230.051 K at point P4 in series view and parallel view and at a point P3 for cell migration study for -5 k min-1and -1 k min-1, respectively. The maximum stress had been generated for 5.57 × 107N m-2for the temperature gradient of -2 K min-1at T cycle in the case of cell migration study. In contrast in series view the maximum stress 2.9 × 107 N m-2were observed at P4 which was higher as compare to P3. Similarly, for a parallel view, maximum stress (3.93 × 107 N m-2) was obtained for point P3. It had been observed that the maximum strain tensor 5.21 × 10-3, 5.15 × 10-3and 5.26 × 10-3was generated in series view at 230 k on a point P3 for - 1, -2 and -5 K min-1, respectively. Similarly, the maximum strain tensor 8.16 × 10-3, 8.09 × 10-3and 8.09 × 10-3was generated in parallel view at 230 k on a point P3 for -1, -2 and -5 K min-1, respectively. In the presence of cells, at a point P4 for temperature gradient of -1 and -2 K min-1, it had been closed to the scaffold wall, which had a different temperature profile than the point P3 and scaffold comes to the contact with the cells. The analysis of PEC scaffold degradation in the presence of cells, including cell apoptosis and migration, offers significant insights into the relationship between scaffold properties, cell behaviour, and tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khemraj Deshmukh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Parul Institute of Technology (Parul University), Vadodra, Gujraat , India
| | - Arindam Bit
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Raipur, India
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Prasad R, Tarai S, Bit A. Hybrid computational model depicts the contribution of non-significant lobes of human brain during the perception of emotional stimuli. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2024:1-27. [PMID: 38328832 DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2024.2311876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Emotions are synchronizing responses of human brain while executing cognitive tasks. Earlier studies had revealed strong correlation between specific lobes of the brain to different types of emotional valence. In the current study, a comprehensive three-dimensional mapping of human brain for executing emotion specific tasks had been formulated. A hybrid computational machine learning model customized from Custom Weight Allocation Model (CWAM) and defined as Custom Rank Allocation Model (CRAM). This regression-based hybrid computational model computes the allocated tasks to different lobes of the brain during their respective executive stage. Event Related Potentials (ERP) were obtained with significant effect at P1, P2, P3, N170, N2, and N4. These ERPs were configured at Pz, Cz, F3, and T8 regions of the brain with maximal responses; while regions like Cz, C4 and F4 were also found to make effective contributions to elevate the responses of the brain, and thus these regions were configured as augmented source regions of the brain. In another circumstance of frequent -deviant - equal (FDE) presentation of the emotional stimuli, it was observed that the brain channels C3, C4, P3, P4, O1, O2, and Oz were contributing their emotional quotient to the overall response of the brain regions; whereas, the interaction effect was found presentable at O2, Oz, P3, P4, T8 and C3 regions of brain. The proposed computational model had identified the potential neural pathways during the execution of emotional task.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Arindam Bit
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, NIT Raipur
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3
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Deshmukh K, Gupta S, Bit A. Evaluation of heat transfer in porous scaffolds under cryogenic treatment: a numerical study. Med Biol Eng Comput 2023; 61:2543-2559. [PMID: 37204590 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-023-02844-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The present work had evaluated the effect of cryogenic treatment (233 K) on the degradation of polymeric biomaterial using a numerical model. The study on effect of cryogenic temperature on mechanical properties of cell-seeded biomaterials is very limited. However, no study had reported material degradation evaluation. Different structures of silk-fibroin-poly-electrolyte complex (SFPEC) scaffolds had been designed by varying hole distance and hole diameter, with reference to existing literature. The size of scaffolds were maintained at 5 [Formula: see text] 5 mm2. Current study evaluates the effect of cryogenic temperature on mechanical properties (corelated to degradation) of scaffold. Six parameters related to scaffold degradation: heat transfer, deformation gradient, stress, strain, strain tensor, and displacement gradient were analyzed for three different cooling rates (- 5 K/min, - 2 K/min, and - 1 K/min). Scaffold degradation had been evaluated in the presence of water and four different concentrations of cryoprotectant solution. Heat distribution at various points (points_base, point_wall and point_core) on the region of interest (ROI) was found similar for different cooling rates of the system. Thermal stress was found developing proportional to cooling rate, which leads to minimal variation in thermal stress over time. Strain tensor was found gradually decreasing due to attenuating response of deformation gradient. In addition to that, dipping down of cryogenic temperature had prohibited the movement of molecules in the crystalline structure which had restricting the displacement gradient. It was found that uniform distribution of desired heat at different cooling rates has the ability to minimize the responses of other scaffold degradation parameters. It was found that the rates of change in stress, strain, and strain tensor were minimal at different concentrations of cryoprotectant. The present study had predicted the degradation behavior of PEC scaffold under cryogenic temperature on the basis of explicit mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khemraj Deshmukh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Raipur, India
| | - Saurabh Gupta
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Raipur, India
| | - Arindam Bit
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Raipur, India.
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Prasad R, Tarai S, Bit A. Investigation of frequency components embedded in EEG recordings underlying neuronal mechanism of cognitive control and attentional functions. Cogn Neurodyn 2023; 17:1321-1344. [PMID: 37786663 PMCID: PMC10542063 DOI: 10.1007/s11571-022-09888-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Attentional cognitive control regulates the perception to enhance human behaviour. The current study examines the atltentional mechanisms in terms of time and frequency of EEG signals. The cognitive load is higher for processing local attentional stimulus, thereby demanding higher response time (RT) with low response accuracy (RA). On the other hand, the global attentional mechanisms broadly promote the perception while demanding a low cognitive load with faster RT and high RA. Attentional mechanisms refer to perceptual systems that afford and allocate the adaptive behaviours for prioritizing the processing of relevant stimuli based on the local and global features. The early sensory component of C1, which was associated with the local attentional mechanism, showed higher amplitudes than the global attentional mechanisms in parieto-occipital regions. Further, the local attentional mechanisms were also sustained in N2 and P3 components increasing higher amplitude in the left and right hemispheric sides of temporal regions (T7 and T8). Theta band frequency had shown higher power spectrum density (PSD) values while processing local attentional mechanisms. However, the significance of other frequency bands was noticeably minute. Hence, integrating the attentional mechanisms in terms of ERP and frequency signatures, a hybrid custom weight allocation model (CWAM) was built to assess and predict the contribution of insignificant channels to significant ones. The CWAM model was formulated based on the computational linear regression derivatives. All the derivatives are computationally derived the significant score while channelizing the hierarchical performance of each channel with respect to the frequent and deviant occurrences of global-local stimulus. This model enables us to configure the neural dynamicity of cognitive allocation of resources within the different locations of the human brain while processing the attentional stimulus. CWAM is reported to be the first model to evaluate the performance of the non-significant channels for enhancing the response of significant channels. The findings of the CWAM model suggest that the brain's performance may be determined by the underlying contribution of the non-significant channels. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11571-022-09888-x.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shashikanta Tarai
- Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, NIT Raipur, Raipur, India
| | - Arindam Bit
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, NIT Raipur, Raipur, India
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Mishra B, Tarai S, Ratre V, Bit A. Processing of attentional and emotional stimuli depends on retrospective response of foot pressure: Conceptualizing neuron-cognitive distribution in human brain. Comput Biol Med 2023; 164:107186. [PMID: 37480678 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2023.107186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive function of human brain requires temporal execution of emotional or attentional tasks, or their inter-dependence influences. Smooth execution of such tasks requires spontaneous distribution of cognitive load at specific regions of brain based on its classification. A strong connectivity between peripheral sensors and central nervous system is thought to assist the cognitive load distribution effectively. Novelty of current study evaluates the modulation of foot pressure and its mapping with distributed cognitive load while executing attentional biased emotional tasks. Emotional stimulus in form of happy and sad faces with attentional paradigm drawn on them were used in the study. Behavioral results were measured with respect to the analysis of response time (RT) and response accuracy (%). Neurological signals were acquired using 10-channel EEG data acquisition system, whereas, another 6 channels were used to measure foot pressure in the left and right feet at three different locations of foot. Acquired signals were further analyzed in time and frequency domains to interpret the cognitive load distribution, and the influence of foot pressure on distribution of cognitive loads. We found that the foot pressure accelerated the response accuracy rate in attending the local scope of attention, which was not in the case of global scope of attention. This means that the global attention does not require any pressure from peripheral sensory neurons. Our event related potential (ERP) results revealed that the early sensory negative N100 characterized the processing of global scope of attention coupled with high-foot pressure. However, the late positive peak of P300 and P600 associated with local scope of attention along with high-foot pressure. The global scope of attention with low-foot pressure modulates delta and theta oscillations. These results largely contribute to the literature on cognitive neuroscience of attention and it corelation with the peripheral sensory foot pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharti Mishra
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Raipur, India
| | - Shashikanta Tarai
- Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, National Institute of Technology, Raipur, India
| | - Vinod Ratre
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Raipur, India
| | - Arindam Bit
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Raipur, India.
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Deshmukh K, Mitra K, Bit A. Influence of Non-Newtonian Viscosity on Flow Structures and Wall Deformation in Compliant Serpentine Microchannels: A Numerical Study. Micromachines (Basel) 2023; 14:1661. [PMID: 37763824 PMCID: PMC10536915 DOI: 10.3390/mi14091661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
The viscosity of fluid plays a major role in the flow dynamics of microchannels. Viscous drag and shear forces are the primary tractions for microfluidic fluid flow. Capillary blood vessels with a few microns diameter are impacted by the rheology of blood flowing through their conduits. Hence, regenerated capillaries should be able to withstand such impacts. Consequently, there is a need to understand the flow physics of culture media through the lumen of the substrate as it is one of the vital promoting factors for vasculogenesis under optimal shear conditions at the endothelial lining of the regenerated vessel. Simultaneously, considering the diffusive role of capillaries for ion exchange with the surrounding tissue, capillaries have been found to reorient themselves in serpentine form for modulating the flow conditions while developing sustainable shear stress. In the current study, S-shaped (S1) and delta-shaped (S2) serpentine models of capillaries were considered to evaluate the shear stress distribution and the oscillatory shear index (OSI) and relative residual time (RRT) of the derivatives throughout the channel (due to the phenomena of near-wall stress fluctuation), along with the influence of culture media rheology on wall stress parameters. The non-Newtonian power-law formulation was implemented for defining rheological viscosity of the culture media. The flow actuation of the media was considered to be sinusoidal and physiological, realizing the pulsatile blood flow behavior in the circulatory network. A distinct difference in shear stress distributions was observed in both the serpentine models. The S1 model showed higher change in shear stress in comparison to the S2 model. Furthermore, the non-Newtonian viscosity formulation was found to produce more sustainable shear stress near the serpentine walls compared to the Newtonian formulation fluid, emphasizing the influence of rheology on stress generation. Further, cell viability improved in the bending regions of serpentine channels compared to the long run section of the same channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khemraj Deshmukh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Raipur 492010, India;
| | - Kunal Mitra
- Biomedical Engineering, Florida Tech, Melbourne, FL 32901, USA
| | - Arindam Bit
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Raipur 492010, India;
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Gupta S, Prasad P, Roy A, Alam MM, Ahmed I, Bit A. Corrigendum: Metallic ion-based graphene oxide functionalized silk fibroin-based dressing promotes wound healing via improved bacterial outcomes and faster re-epithelization (2022 Biomed. Mater.17035010). Biomed Mater 2023; 18. [PMID: 37503676 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ace5fd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sharda Gupta
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Raipur 492010, India
| | | | - Amit Roy
- Columbia Institute of Pharmacy, Raipur, India
| | - Mohammad Mahtab Alam
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Irfan Ahmed
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arindam Bit
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Raipur 492010, India
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Deshmukh K, Gupta S, Mitra K, Bit A. Numerical and Experimental Analysis of Shear Stress Influence on Cellular Viability in Serpentine Vascular Channels. Micromachines (Basel) 2022; 13:mi13101766. [PMID: 36296119 PMCID: PMC9611698 DOI: 10.3390/mi13101766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
3D bioprinting has emerged as a tool for developing in vitro tissue models for studying disease progression and drug development. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the influence of flow driven shear stress on the viability of cultured cells inside the luminal wall of a serpentine network. Fluid-structure interaction was modeled using COMSOL Multiphysics for representing the elasticity of the serpentine wall. Experimental analysis of the serpentine model was performed on the basis of a desirable inlet flow boundary condition for which the most homogeneously distributed wall shear stress had been obtained from numerical study. A blend of Gelatin-methacryloyl (GelMA) and PEGDA200 PhotoInk was used as a bioink for printing the serpentine network, while facilitating cell growth within the pores of the gelatin substrate. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were seeded into the channels of the network to simulate the blood vessels. A Live-Dead assay was performed over a period of 14 days to observe the cellular viability in the printed vascular channels. It was observed that cell viability increases when the seeded cells were exposed to the evenly distributed shear stresses at an input flow rate of 4.62 mm/min of the culture media, similar to that predicted in the numerical model with the same inlet boundary condition. It leads to recruitment of a large number of focal adhesion point nodes on cellular membrane, emphasizing the influence of such phenomena on promoting cellular morphologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khemraj Deshmukh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Raipur 492010, India
| | - Saurabh Gupta
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Raipur 492010, India
| | - Kunal Mitra
- Biomedical Engineering, Florida Tech, Melbourne, FL 32901, USA
| | - Arindam Bit
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Raipur 492010, India
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Ehterami A, Khastar H, Soleimannejad M, Salehi M, Nazarnezhad S, Majidi Ghatar J, Bit A, JafariSani M, Abbaszadeh-Goudarzi G, Shariatifar N. Bone Regeneration in Rat using Polycaprolactone/Gelatin/Epinephrine Scaffold. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2022; 47:1915-1923. [PMID: 35484948 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2022.2070640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Solid supports like the extracellular matrix network are necessary for bone cell attachment and start healing in the damaged bone. Scaffolds which are made of different materials are widely used as a supportive structure in bone tissue engineering. In the current study, a 3-D Polycaprolactone/Gelatin bone scaffold was developed by blending electrospinning and freeze-drying techniques for bone tissue engineering. To improve the efficiency of the scaffold, different concentrations of epinephrine due to its effect on bone healing were loaded. Fabricated scaffolds were characterized by different tests such as surface morphology, FTIR, porosity, compressive strength, water contact angle, degradation rate. The interaction between prepared scaffolds and blood and cells was evaluated by hemolysis, and MTT test, respectively, and bone healing was evaluated by a rat calvaria defect model. Based on the results, the porosity of scaffolds was about 75% and by adding epinephrine, mechanical strength decreased while due to the hydrophilic properties of it, degradation rate increased. In vivo and in vitro studies showed the best cell proliferation and bone healing were in PCL/Gelatin/Epinephrine1%-treated group. These results showed the positive effect of fabricated scaffold on osteogenesis and bone healing and the possibility of using it in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arian Ehterami
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Khastar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.,Sexual Health and Fertility Research Center, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran.,School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Mostafa Soleimannejad
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Majid Salehi
- Sexual Health and Fertility Research Center, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran.,Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran.,Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Research Center, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Simin Nazarnezhad
- Tissue Engineering Research Group (TERG), Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Jila Majidi Ghatar
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Arindam Bit
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Raipur, India
| | - Moslem JafariSani
- School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Ghasem Abbaszadeh-Goudarzi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Nabi Shariatifar
- Department of Environmental of health engineering, school of public health, Tehran university of medical science, Tehran, Iran
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Gupta S, Prasad P, Roy A, Alam MM, Ahmad I, Bit A. Metallic ion-based graphene oxide functionalized silk fibroin-based dressing promotes wound healing via improved bactericidal outcomes and faster re-epithelization. Biomed Mater 2022; 17. [PMID: 35385833 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ac64dd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
An ideal wound dressing material should enhance the wound healing process and must avoid bacterial contamination. In this study, the synergistic effect of graphene oxide (GO), silver (Ag) and magnesium (Mg) based silk electrospun nanofibrous film on wound healing was evaluated. It reports the influence of essential elements Mg and Ag during the skin regeneration process. Silver and magnesium nanoparticles were doped in graphene oxide. The goal of the present study was to fabricate an electrospun nanofibrous patch with nanoscale fillers to improve the wound recuperation manner and decrease the recuperation time to forestall microorganism infections and improve cellular behavior. Doping was done to insert Ag2+ and Mg2+ ions in the crystal lattice of GO to overcome the disadvantage of aggregation of Ag and Mg nanoparticles. In this study, Mg and Ag ions doped GO functionalized silk fibroin/PVA dressing material was prepared using the electrospinning technique. It was found that, Mg-GO@NSF/PVA and Ag/Mg-GO@NSF/PVA film possess good cytocompatibility, low hemolytic effect and effective antibacterial and anti-biofilm activities. Furthermore, their improved hydrophilicity and mid-range water vapor transmission rate allow them to be a suitable wound dressing material. The effect of prepared film on wound repair were investigated in excision rat model. It indicates, the wound covered with Ag/Mg-GO@NSF/PVA film showed the highest wound contraction rate and re-epithelization, allowing faster repair of wound sites. In conclusion, the development of metallic ions doped GO based silk fibroin/PVA is a promising approach towards development of antibiotic free wound dressing material. It prevents anti-biofilm formation and also provides adequate therapeutic effects for accelerating wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharda Gupta
- BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING, National Institute of Technology Raipur, GE ROAD, Raipur, RAIPUR, Select, 492010, INDIA
| | - Pushpa Prasad
- Columbia Institute of Pharmacy, Raipur, Raipur, 492010, INDIA
| | - Amit Roy
- Columbia Institute of Pharmacy, Raipur, Raipur, 492010, INDIA
| | - Mohammad Mahtab Alam
- Basic Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Abha, Asir, 61421, SAUDI ARABIA
| | - Irfan Ahmad
- Clinical Laboratory Sciences, King Khalid University, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Abha, Asir, 61421, SAUDI ARABIA
| | - Arindam Bit
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Raipur, Raipur, 492001, INDIA
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Tarai S, Qurratul QA, Ratre V, Bit A. Neurocognitive functions of prosocial and unsocial incongruency information during language comprehension: evidence from time–frequency analysis of EEG signals. Med Biol Eng Comput 2022; 60:1033-1053. [DOI: 10.1007/s11517-022-02528-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Wang CY, Hsieh MK, Hu YJ, Bit A, Lai PL. Monocarboxylate transporter 1-mediated lactate accumulation promotes nucleus pulposus degeneration under hypoxia in a 3D multilayered nucleus pulposus degeneration model. Eur Cell Mater 2022; 43:53-65. [PMID: 35188217 DOI: 10.22203/ecm.v043a06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
During intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD), due to endplate calcification, diminished oxygen and nutrient concentrations and accumulated lactate are present in the microenvironment of the nucleus pulposus (NP). The disadvantages of 3D layered culture include uneven oxygen and nutrient gradients. In the present study, to mimic the in vivo microenvironment of the NP, a 5-layered 3D culture was constructed using clinical haemostatic gelatine sponges and developed as a NP degeneration (NPD) model. Subsequently, cell distribution as well as expression of NP chondrogenic markers (type II collagen and aggrecan), glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and degeneration markers [e.g. matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 3] were measured from the top to the bottom layer. However, in a single NP-cell-loaded disc model, the chondrogenic potency in the middle or bottom layer was higher than that in the top layer. To further study the mechanism underlying the degeneration of NP cells in this NPD model, the contribution of secreted metabolites was examined. Lactate identified in the supernatant modulated GAG accumulation and MMP3 expression. Inhibition of lactate influx by the monocarboxylate transporter (MCT)-1 inhibitor, AZD3965, reversed the effect of lactate on GAG accumulation and MMP3 expression and further improved NP cell degeneration in the NPD model. Thanks to the homogenous expression of lactate in the model, it was possible to further identified that the combination of lactate and hypoxia enhanced MMP3 expression. Taken together, multilayered cell-loaded sponges, with oxygen and nutrient gradients as well as lactate accumulation, can represent a 3D multilayered NPD model for exploring potential agents for IVDD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - P L Lai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No. 5, Fuxing Street, Guishan District, Taoyuan City, 33305,
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Vrana NE, Gupta S, Mitra K, Rizvanov AA, Solovyeva VV, Antmen E, Salehi M, Ehterami A, Pourchet L, Barthes J, Marquette CA, von Unge M, Wang CY, Lai PL, Bit A. From 3D printing to 3D bioprinting: the material properties of polymeric material and its derived bioink for achieving tissue specific architectures. Cell Tissue Bank 2022; 23:417-440. [PMID: 35000046 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-021-09975-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The application of 3D printing technologies fields for biological tissues, organs, and cells in the context of medical and biotechnology applications requires a significant amount of innovation in a narrow printability range. 3D bioprinting is one such way of addressing critical design challenges in tissue engineering. In a more general sense, 3D printing has become essential in customized implant designing, faithful reproduction of microenvironmental niches, sustainable development of implants, in the capacity to address issues of effective cellular integration, and long-term stability of the cellular constructs in tissue engineering. This review covers various aspects of 3D bioprinting, describes the current state-of-the-art solutions for all aforementioned critical issues, and includes various illustrative representations of technologies supporting the development of phases of 3D bioprinting. It also demonstrates several bio-inks and their properties crucial for being used for 3D printing applications. The review focus on bringing together different examples and current trends in tissue engineering applications, including bone, cartilage, muscles, neuron, skin, esophagus, trachea, tympanic membrane, cornea, blood vessel, immune system, and tumor models utilizing 3D printing technology and to provide an outlook of the future potentials and barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kunal Mitra
- Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, USA
| | | | | | - Ezgi Antmen
- Center of Excellence in Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, BIOMATEN, Middle East Technical University (METU), Ankara, Turkey
| | - Majid Salehi
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran.,Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Research Center, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Arian Ehterami
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Lea Pourchet
- UMR 1121, Biomaterials and Bioengineering, INSERM, Strasbourg, France
| | - Julien Barthes
- UMR 1121, Biomaterials and Bioengineering, INSERM, Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Magnus von Unge
- Akershus University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Center for Clinical Research, Uppsala University, Vasteras, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Chi-Yun Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.,Bone and Joint Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Po-Liang Lai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.,Bone and Joint Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Arindam Bit
- National Institute of Technology, Raipur, India.
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14
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Gupta S, Dutta P, Acharya V, Prasad P, Roy A, Bit A. Accelerating skin barrier repair using novel bioactive magnesium-doped nanofibers of non-mulberry silk fibroin during wound healing. J BIOACT COMPAT POL 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/08839115211061737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Novel magnesium doped non-mulberry silk fibroin nanofibers with ability to enhance skin barrier function were successfully fabricated using electrospinning technique for wound healing applications. Magnesium nanoparticles incorporated in the electrospun nanofibers releases Mg2+ ions at the site of implementation. The effect of Mg2+ is of considerable concern in wound healing due to its skin barrier repair ability and its role in blood coagulation. The physicochemical characterization of the scaffold was investigated by determining the morphology and secondary structure confirmation. The effects of Mg2+ ions in silk fibroin microenvironment have been evaluated using SEM, XRD, and FTIR to confirm the incorporation of magnesium in the film. The aim of this study is to see the effect of doped Mg on the structural, physical, and biological properties of non-mulberry silk fibroin (NSF) film. The magnesium doped nanofibrous film exhibited enhanced mechanical property, satisfactory blood clotting ability, and good in vitro degradability. This silk fibroin-based film mimicking extracellular matrix for skin regeneration were constructed using electrospinning technique. The wound healing efficiency of prepared nanofibers were evaluated in full-thickness wound models of rat. The Mg doped silk fibroin film exhibited faster wound healing activity (14 days) among all experimental group. The study indicates the potential of magnesium-doped silk /PVA film as skin substitute film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharda Gupta
- National Institute of Technology Raipur, Raipur, India
| | - Pallab Dutta
- Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, India
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Kolkata, India
| | - Veena Acharya
- Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, India
| | | | - Amit Roy
- Columbia Institute of Pharmacy, Raipur, India
| | - Arindam Bit
- National Institute of Technology Raipur, Raipur, India
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15
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Suri JS, Agarwal S, Gupta SK, Puvvula A, Biswas M, Saba L, Bit A, Tandel GS, Agarwal M, Patrick A, Faa G, Singh IM, Oberleitner R, Turk M, Chadha PS, Johri AM, Miguel Sanches J, Khanna NN, Viskovic K, Mavrogeni S, Laird JR, Pareek G, Miner M, Sobel DW, Balestrieri A, Sfikakis PP, Tsoulfas G, Protogerou A, Misra DP, Agarwal V, Kitas GD, Ahluwalia P, Teji J, Al-Maini M, Dhanjil SK, Sockalingam M, Saxena A, Nicolaides A, Sharma A, Rathore V, Ajuluchukwu JNA, Fatemi M, Alizad A, Viswanathan V, Krishnan PK, Naidu S. A narrative review on characterization of acute respiratory distress syndrome in COVID-19-infected lungs using artificial intelligence. Comput Biol Med 2021; 130:104210. [PMID: 33550068 PMCID: PMC7813499 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2021.104210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 has infected 77.4 million people worldwide and has caused 1.7 million fatalities as of December 21, 2020. The primary cause of death due to COVID-19 is Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS). According to the World Health Organization (WHO), people who are at least 60 years old or have comorbidities that have primarily been targeted are at the highest risk from SARS-CoV-2. Medical imaging provides a non-invasive, touch-free, and relatively safer alternative tool for diagnosis during the current ongoing pandemic. Artificial intelligence (AI) scientists are developing several intelligent computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) tools in multiple imaging modalities, i.e., lung computed tomography (CT), chest X-rays, and lung ultrasounds. These AI tools assist the pulmonary and critical care clinicians through (a) faster detection of the presence of a virus, (b) classifying pneumonia types, and (c) measuring the severity of viral damage in COVID-19-infected patients. Thus, it is of the utmost importance to fully understand the requirements of for a fast and successful, and timely lung scans analysis. This narrative review first presents the pathological layout of the lungs in the COVID-19 scenario, followed by understanding and then explains the comorbid statistical distributions in the ARDS framework. The novelty of this review is the approach to classifying the AI models as per the by school of thought (SoTs), exhibiting based on segregation of techniques and their characteristics. The study also discusses the identification of AI models and its extension from non-ARDS lungs (pre-COVID-19) to ARDS lungs (post-COVID-19). Furthermore, it also presents AI workflow considerations of for medical imaging modalities in the COVID-19 framework. Finally, clinical AI design considerations will be discussed. We conclude that the design of the current existing AI models can be improved by considering comorbidity as an independent factor. Furthermore, ARDS post-processing clinical systems must involve include (i) the clinical validation and verification of AI-models, (ii) reliability and stability criteria, and (iii) easily adaptable, and (iv) generalization assessments of AI systems for their use in pulmonary, critical care, and radiological settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasjit S Suri
- Stroke Diagnostic and Monitoring Division, AtheroPoint™, Roseville, CA, USA.
| | - Sushant Agarwal
- Advanced Knowledge Engineering Centre, GBTI, Roseville, CA, USA; Department of Computer Science Engineering, PSIT, Kanpur, India
| | - Suneet K Gupta
- Department of Computer Science Engineering, Bennett University, India
| | - Anudeep Puvvula
- Stroke Diagnostic and Monitoring Division, AtheroPoint™, Roseville, CA, USA; Annu's Hospitals for Skin and Diabetes, Nellore, AP, India
| | - Mainak Biswas
- Department of Computer Science Engineering, JIS University, Kolkata, India
| | - Luca Saba
- Department of Radiology, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Arindam Bit
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, NIT, Raipur, India
| | - Gopal S Tandel
- Department of Computer Science Engineering, VNIT, Nagpur, India
| | - Mohit Agarwal
- Department of Computer Science Engineering, Bennett University, India
| | | | - Gavino Faa
- Department of Pathology - AOU of Cagliari, Italy
| | - Inder M Singh
- Stroke Diagnostic and Monitoring Division, AtheroPoint™, Roseville, CA, USA
| | | | - Monika Turk
- The Hanse-Wissenschaftskolleg Institute for Advanced Study, Delmenhorst, Germany
| | - Paramjit S Chadha
- Stroke Diagnostic and Monitoring Division, AtheroPoint™, Roseville, CA, USA
| | - Amer M Johri
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - J Miguel Sanches
- Institute of Systems and Robotics, Instituto Superior Tecnico, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Narendra N Khanna
- Department of Cardiology, Indraprastha APOLLO Hospitals, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Sophie Mavrogeni
- Cardiology Clinic, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens, Greece
| | - John R Laird
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Adventist Health St. Helena, St Helena, CA, USA
| | - Gyan Pareek
- Minimally Invasive Urology Institute, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Martin Miner
- Men's Health Center, Miriam Hospital Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - David W Sobel
- Minimally Invasive Urology Institute, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | | | - Petros P Sfikakis
- Rheumatology Unit, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - George Tsoulfas
- Aristoteleion University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | | | - Vikas Agarwal
- Academic Affairs, Dudley Group NHS Foundation Trust, Dudley, UK
| | - George D Kitas
- Academic Affairs, Dudley Group NHS Foundation Trust, Dudley, UK; Arthritis Research UK Epidemiology Unit, Manchester University, Manchester, UK
| | - Puneet Ahluwalia
- Max Institute of Cancer Care, Max Superspeciality Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Jagjit Teji
- Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Mustafa Al-Maini
- Allergy, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | | | | | - Ajit Saxena
- Department of Cardiology, Indraprastha APOLLO Hospitals, New Delhi, India
| | - Andrew Nicolaides
- Vascular Screening and Diagnostic Centre and University of Nicosia Medical School, Cyprus
| | - Aditya Sharma
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Vijay Rathore
- Stroke Diagnostic and Monitoring Division, AtheroPoint™, Roseville, CA, USA
| | | | - Mostafa Fatemi
- Dept. of Physiology & Biomedical Engg., Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, MN, USA
| | - Azra Alizad
- Dept. of Radiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, MN, USA
| | - Vijay Viswanathan
- MV Hospital for Diabetes and Professor M Viswanathan Diabetes Research Centre, Chennai, India
| | - P K Krishnan
- Neurology Department, Fortis Hospital, Bangalore, India
| | - Subbaram Naidu
- Electrical Engineering Department, University of Minnesota, Duluth, MN, USA
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16
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Saba L, Agarwal M, Patrick A, Puvvula A, Gupta SK, Carriero A, Laird JR, Kitas GD, Johri AM, Balestrieri A, Falaschi Z, Paschè A, Viswanathan V, El-Baz A, Alam I, Jain A, Naidu S, Oberleitner R, Khanna NN, Bit A, Fatemi M, Alizad A, Suri JS. Six artificial intelligence paradigms for tissue characterisation and classification of non-COVID-19 pneumonia against COVID-19 pneumonia in computed tomography lungs. Int J Comput Assist Radiol Surg 2021; 16:423-434. [PMID: 33532975 PMCID: PMC7854027 DOI: 10.1007/s11548-021-02317-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background COVID-19 pandemic has currently no vaccines. Thus, the only feasible solution for prevention relies on the detection of COVID-19-positive cases through quick and accurate testing. Since artificial intelligence (AI) offers the powerful mechanism to automatically extract the tissue features and characterise the disease, we therefore hypothesise that AI-based strategies can provide quick detection and classification, especially for radiological computed tomography (CT) lung scans. Methodology Six models, two traditional machine learning (ML)-based (k-NN and RF), two transfer learning (TL)-based (VGG19 and InceptionV3), and the last two were our custom-designed deep learning (DL) models (CNN and iCNN), were developed for classification between COVID pneumonia (CoP) and non-COVID pneumonia (NCoP). K10 cross-validation (90% training: 10% testing) protocol on an Italian cohort of 100 CoP and 30 NCoP patients was used for performance evaluation and bispectrum analysis for CT lung characterisation. Results Using K10 protocol, our results showed the accuracy in the order of DL > TL > ML, ranging the six accuracies for k-NN, RF, VGG19, IV3, CNN, iCNN as 74.58 ± 2.44%, 96.84 ± 2.6, 94.84 ± 2.85%, 99.53 ± 0.75%, 99.53 ± 1.05%, and 99.69 ± 0.66%, respectively. The corresponding AUCs were 0.74, 0.94, 0.96, 0.99, 0.99, and 0.99 (p-values < 0.0001), respectively. Our Bispectrum-based characterisation system suggested CoP can be separated against NCoP using AI models. COVID risk severity stratification also showed a high correlation of 0.7270 (p < 0.0001) with clinical scores such as ground-glass opacities (GGO), further validating our AI models. Conclusions We prove our hypothesis by demonstrating that all the six AI models successfully classified CoP against NCoP due to the strong presence of contrasting features such as ground-glass opacities (GGO), consolidations, and pleural effusion in CoP patients. Further, our online system takes < 2 s for inference. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11548-021-02317-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Saba
- Department of Radiology, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Di Cagliari, Monserrato (Cagliari), Italy
| | - Mohit Agarwal
- CSE Department, Bennett University, Greater Noida, UP, India
| | - Anubhav Patrick
- CSE Department, KIET Group of Institutions, Delhi, NCR, India
| | - Anudeep Puvvula
- Annu's Hospitals for Skin and Diabetes, Nellore, AP, India
- Advanced Knowledge Engineering Centre, Global Biomedical Technologies, Inc., Roseville, CA, USA
| | - Suneet K Gupta
- CSE Department, Bennett University, Greater Noida, UP, India
| | - Alessandro Carriero
- Department of Radiology, A.O.U. Maggiore D.C. University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - John R Laird
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Adventist Health St. Helena, St Helena, CA, USA
| | - George D Kitas
- Academic Affairs, Dudley Group NHS Foundation Trust, Dudley, UK
- Arthritis Research UK Epidemiology Unit, Manchester University, Manchester, UK
| | - Amer M Johri
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Antonella Balestrieri
- Department of Radiology, A.O.U. Maggiore D.C. University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Zeno Falaschi
- Department of Radiology, A.O.U. Maggiore D.C. University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Alessio Paschè
- Department of Radiology, A.O.U. Maggiore D.C. University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Vijay Viswanathan
- MV Hospital for Diabetes and Professor M Viswanathan Diabetes Research Centre, Chennai, India
| | - Ayman El-Baz
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Iqbal Alam
- Department of Physiology, HIMSR, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Abhinav Jain
- Department of Radiology, HIMSR, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Subbaram Naidu
- Electrical Engineering Department, University of Minnesota, Duluth, MN, USA
| | | | - Narendra N Khanna
- Department of Cardiology, Indraprastha APOLLO Hospitals, New Delhi, India
| | - Arindam Bit
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Raipur, Raipur, India
| | - Mostafa Fatemi
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Azra Alizad
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jasjit S Suri
- Stroke Monitoring and Diagnostic Division, AtheroPoint™, Roseville, CA, USA.
- Advanced Knowledge Engineering Centre, Global Biomedical Technologies, Inc., Roseville, CA, USA.
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17
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Suri JS, Puvvula A, Majhail M, Biswas M, Jamthikar AD, Saba L, Faa G, Singh IM, Oberleitner R, Turk M, Srivastava S, Chadha PS, Suri HS, Johri AM, Nambi V, Sanches JM, Khanna NN, Viskovic K, Mavrogeni S, Laird JR, Bit A, Pareek G, Miner M, Balestrieri A, Sfikakis PP, Tsoulfas G, Protogerou A, Misra DP, Agarwal V, Kitas GD, Kolluri R, Teji J, Porcu M, Al-Maini M, Agbakoba A, Sockalingam M, Sexena A, Nicolaides A, Sharma A, Rathore V, Viswanathan V, Naidu S, Bhatt DL. Integration of cardiovascular risk assessment with COVID-19 using artificial intelligence. Rev Cardiovasc Med 2021; 21:541-560. [PMID: 33387999 DOI: 10.31083/j.rcm.2020.04.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Artificial Intelligence (AI), in general, refers to the machines (or computers) that mimic "cognitive" functions that we associate with our mind, such as "learning" and "solving problem". New biomarkers derived from medical imaging are being discovered and are then fused with non-imaging biomarkers (such as office, laboratory, physiological, genetic, epidemiological, and clinical-based biomarkers) in a big data framework, to develop AI systems. These systems can support risk prediction and monitoring. This perspective narrative shows the powerful methods of AI for tracking cardiovascular risks. We conclude that AI could potentially become an integral part of the COVID-19 disease management system. Countries, large and small, should join hands with the WHO in building biobanks for scientists around the world to build AI-based platforms for tracking the cardiovascular risk assessment during COVID-19 times and long-term follow-up of the survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasjit S Suri
- Stroke Monitoring and Diagnostic Division, AtheroPoint™, Roseville, 95747, CA, USA
| | - Anudeep Puvvula
- Stroke Monitoring and Diagnostic Division, AtheroPoint™, Roseville, 95747, CA, USA.,Annu's Hospitals for Skin and Diabetes, Nellore, 524001, AP, India
| | - Misha Majhail
- Stroke Monitoring and Diagnostic Division, AtheroPoint™, Roseville, 95747, CA, USA.,Oakmount High School and AtheroPoint™, Roseville, 95747, CA, USA
| | | | - Ankush D Jamthikar
- Department of ECE, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur, 440010, MH, India
| | - Luca Saba
- Department of Radiology, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria (A.O.U.), 09100, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Gavino Faa
- Department of Pathology, 09100, AOU of Cagliari, Italy
| | - Inder M Singh
- Stroke Monitoring and Diagnostic Division, AtheroPoint™, Roseville, 95747, CA, USA
| | | | - Monika Turk
- The Hanse-Wissenschaftskolleg Institute for Advanced Study, 27749, Delmenhorst, Germany
| | - Saurabh Srivastava
- School of Computing Science & Engineering, Galgotias University, 201301, Gr. Noida, India
| | - Paramjit S Chadha
- Stroke Monitoring and Diagnostic Division, AtheroPoint™, Roseville, 95747, CA, USA
| | | | - Amer M Johri
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Queen's University, Kingston, B0P 1R0, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vijay Nambi
- Department of Cardiology, Baylor College of Medicine, 77001, TX, USA
| | - J Miguel Sanches
- Institute of Systems and Robotics, Instituto Superior Tecnico, 1000-001, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Narendra N Khanna
- Department of Cardiology, Indraprastha APOLLO Hospitals, 110001, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Sophie Mavrogeni
- Cardiology Clinic, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, 104 31, Athens, Greece
| | - John R Laird
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Adventist Health St. Helena, St Helena, 94574, CA, USA
| | - Arindam Bit
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, NIT, Raipur, 783334, CG, India
| | - Gyan Pareek
- Minimally Invasive Urology Institute, Brown University, Providence, 02901, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Martin Miner
- Men's Health Center, Miriam Hospital Providence, 02901, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Antonella Balestrieri
- Department of Radiology, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria (A.O.U.), 09100, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Petros P Sfikakis
- Rheumatology Unit, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, 104 31, Greece
| | - George Tsoulfas
- Aristoteleion University of Thessaloniki, 544 53, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Durga Prasanna Misra
- Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, 226001, UP, India
| | - Vikas Agarwal
- Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, 226001, UP, India
| | - George D Kitas
- Academic Affairs, Dudley Group NHS Foundation Trust, DY1, Dudley, UK.,Arthritis Research UK Epidemiology Unit, Manchester University, M13, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Jagjit Teji
- Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, 60601, Chicago, USA
| | - Michele Porcu
- Department of Radiology, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria (A.O.U.), 09100, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Mustafa Al-Maini
- Allergy, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology Institute, M3H 6A7, Toronto, Canada
| | | | | | - Ajit Sexena
- Department of Cardiology, Indraprastha APOLLO Hospitals, 110001, New Delhi, India
| | - Andrew Nicolaides
- Vascular Screening and Diagnostic Centre and University of Nicosia Medical School, 999058, Cyprus
| | - Aditya Sharma
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, 22901, VA, USA
| | - Vijay Rathore
- Nephrology Department, Kaiser Permanente, Sacramento, 94203, CA, USA
| | - Vijay Viswanathan
- MV Hospital for Diabetes and Professor M Viswanathan Diabetes Research Centre, 600001, Chennai, India
| | - Subbaram Naidu
- Electrical Engineering Department, University of Minnesota, Duluth, 55801, MN, USA
| | - Deepak L Bhatt
- Brigham and Women's Hospital Heart & Vascular Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02108, MA, USA
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18
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Gupta S, Alrabaiah H, Christophe M, Rahimi-Gorji M, Nadeem S, Bit A. Evaluation of silk-based bioink during pre and post 3D bioprinting: A review. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2020; 109:279-293. [PMID: 32865306 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
During past few decades, the demand for the replacement of damaged organs is increasing consistently. This is due to the advancement in tissue engineering, which opens the possibility of regeneration of damaged organs or tissues into functional parts with the help of 3D bioprinting. Bioprinting technology presents an excellent potential to develop complex structures with precise control over cell suspension and structure. A brief description of different types of 3D bioprinting techniques, including inkjet-based, laser-based, and extrusion-based bioprinting is presented here. Due to innate advantageous features like tunable biodegradability, biocompatibility, elasticity and mechanical robustness, silk has carved a niche in the realm of tissue engineering. In this review article, the focus is to highlight the possible approach of exploring silk as bioink for fabrication of bioprinted implants using 3D bioprinting. This review discusses different type of degumming, dissolution techniques for extraction of proteins from different sources of silk. Different recently reported 3D bioprinting techniques suitable for silk-based bioink are further elaborated. Postprinting characterization of resultant scaffolds are also describe here. However, there is an astounding progress in 3D bioprinting technology, still there is a need to develop further the current bioprinting technology to make it suitable for generation of heterogeneous tissue construct. The possibility of utilizing the adhesive property of sericin to consider it as bioink is elaborated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharda Gupta
- Biomedical Engineering Department, National Institute of Technology, Raipur, India
| | - Hussam Alrabaiah
- College of Engineering, Al Ain University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Mathematics, College of Sciences, Tafila Technical University, At-Tafilah, Jordan
| | - Marquette Christophe
- Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires, Université de Lyon, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | | | - Sohail Nadeem
- Mathematics and its Applications in Life Sciences Research Group, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.,Faculty of Mathematics and Statistics, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Arindam Bit
- Biomedical Engineering Department, National Institute of Technology, Raipur, India
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19
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Bit A, Alblawi A, Chattopadhyay H, Quais QA, Benim AC, Rahimi-Gorji M, Do HT. Three dimensional numerical analysis of hemodynamic of stenosed artery considering realistic outlet boundary conditions. Comput Methods Programs Biomed 2020; 185:105163. [PMID: 31710989 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2019.105163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Mortality rate increases globally among which one third is due to diseased blood vessels. Due to late diagnoses of the disease in vessels (severe stenoses), qualitative and rapid assessment becomes difficult. Earlier assessment of stenoses can lead to formulation of effective treatment protocol. It is often found that proliferation of secondary stenoses at downstream of a stenosed vessel depends on the degree of severity of primary stenoses. Numerical investigation of flow dynamics of blood in such condition helps in prediction of distributed field of secondarystenoses. This investigation also requires consideration of rigorous boundary conditions at inlet and outlet of defined flow domain. METHODS Patient-specific geometry of aortic arch with stenoses in descending aorta was considered for numerical estimation of biofluid dynamics. Boundary conditionsat inlet and outlet were extracted from time-resolved pulsed Doppler Ultrasound imaging at appropriate sections of the vessel. Womersley inlet flux was considered. Flow parameters like wall shear stress, oscillatory shear index, etc. were evaluated at upper and lower aortic arch of the vessel at different combinations of boundary conditions at inlet and four outlets respectively. RESULTS Effect of outlet boundary conditions were acknowledged for the progression of secondary stenoses. Severity of primary stenoses was found influencing the progression of secondary stenoses. It was found that the outlets Left Subclavian Artery and Left Common Carotid Artery greatly influence the flow dynamic structure within the stenosed aortic arch. Simultaneously, lower wall of aortic-arch had shown more affinity for secondary stenoses progression. CONCLUSION Aortic arch is a vital anatomical region of circulatory system which is vulnerable to progression of secondary stenoses in presence of primary stenoses in ascending or descending aorta. It also drives the author to speculate the influence of anurysm in descending aorta on this landmark of aortic arch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arindam Bit
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Raipur, India.
| | - Adel Alblawi
- Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Shaqra University, Dawadmi P.O. 11911, Ar Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | | | - Qurratul Ain Quais
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Raipur, India
| | - Ali Cemal Benim
- Faculty of Mechanical and Process Engineering, Duesseldorf University of Applied Sciences, Germany
| | - Mohammad Rahimi-Gorji
- Experimental Surgery Lab, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium; Biofluid, Tissue and Solid Mechanics for Medical Applications Lab (IBiTech- bioMMeda), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Hoang-Thinh Do
- Division of Computational Mechatronics, Institute for Computational Science, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam; Faculty of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
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Alblawi A, Ranjani AS, Yasmin H, Gupta S, Bit A, Rahimi-Gorji M. Scaffold-free: A developing technique in field of tissue engineering. Comput Methods Programs Biomed 2020; 185:105148. [PMID: 31678793 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2019.105148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Scaffold-free tissue engineering can be considered as a rapidly developing technique in the field of tissue engineering. In the areas of regenerative medicine and wound healing, there is a demand of techniques where no scaffolds are used for the development of desired tissue. These techniques will overcome the problems of rejection and tissue failure which are common with scaffolds. Main breakthrough of scaffold free tissue engineering was after invention of 3-D printers which made it possible to print complex tissues which were not possible by conventional methods. Mathematical modeling is a prediction technique is used in tissue engineering for simulation of the model to be constructed. Coming to scaffold-free technique, mathematical modeling is necessary for the processing of the model that has to be bio-printed so as to avoid and changes in the final construct. Tissue construct is developed by use of non-destructive imaging techniques i.e. computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).In this review, we discussed about various mathematical models and the models which are widely used in bioprinting techniques such as Cellular Potts Model (CPM) and Cellular Particle Dynamic (CPD) model. Later, developed of 3-D tissue construct using micro CT scan images was explained. Finally, we discussed about scaffold free techniques such as 3-D bioprinting and cell sheet technology. In this manuscript, we proposed a cell sheet based bioprinting technique where mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on the surface of thermoresponsive polymer were subjected to mechanosensing either by introducing acoustic energies or stress created by polymeric strain energy function. Mechanosensing stimulus will trigger the intracellular signal transduction pathway leading to differentiation of the MSCs into desired cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel Alblawi
- Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Shaqra University, Dawadmi, P.O. 11911, Ar Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Achalla Sri Ranjani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Raipur, India
| | - Humaira Yasmin
- Department of Mathematics, College of Science, Majmaah University, 11952, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sharda Gupta
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Raipur, India
| | - Arindam Bit
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Raipur, India.
| | - Mohammad Rahimi-Gorji
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Ghent University, 9000 Gent, Belgium; Biofluid, Tissue and Solid Mechanics for Medical Applications Lab (IBiTech, bioMMeda), Ghent University, Gent 9000, Belgium.
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Tarai S, Mukherjee R, Qurratul QA, Singh BK, Bit A. Use of Prosocial Word Enhances the Processing of Language: Frequency Domain Analysis of Human EEG. J Psycholinguist Res 2019; 48:145-161. [PMID: 30043323 DOI: 10.1007/s10936-018-9595-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Use of prosocial language enhances human cooperation and harmony. Previous research has shown that talking about helping, sharing and giving to others creates positive impression on others, by which individuals and governments gain public approval. So far, the value judgement of approval and disapproval in terms of prosocial or antisocial has not been investigated in the domain of neuroscience of language. Here, the influence of prosocial words towards neural adaptability for greater acceptance is examined using behavioural response mapping with electroencephalography activities of human brain. The prosocial and antisocial words employing correct and incorrect set of sentences in English are presented to participants for performing grammatical judgement task. Our results show that processing of antisocial word requires larger neurocognitive resources as compared to prosocial one, which is corroborated with our behavioural response time suggesting higher response time for antisocial than prosocial words.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashikanta Tarai
- Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, National Institute of Technology, Raipur, Raipur, India
| | - Rupsha Mukherjee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Raipur, Raipur, 492010, India
| | - Quais Ain Qurratul
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Raipur, Raipur, 492010, India
| | - Bikesh Kumar Singh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Raipur, Raipur, 492010, India
| | - Arindam Bit
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Raipur, Raipur, 492010, India.
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Nayak SK, Bit A, Dey A, Mohapatra B, Pal K. A Review on the Nonlinear Dynamical System Analysis of Electrocardiogram Signal. J Healthc Eng 2018; 2018:6920420. [PMID: 29854361 PMCID: PMC5954865 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6920420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Electrocardiogram (ECG) signal analysis has received special attention of the researchers in the recent past because of its ability to divulge crucial information about the electrophysiology of the heart and the autonomic nervous system activity in a noninvasive manner. Analysis of the ECG signals has been explored using both linear and nonlinear methods. However, the nonlinear methods of ECG signal analysis are gaining popularity because of their robustness in feature extraction and classification. The current study presents a review of the nonlinear signal analysis methods, namely, reconstructed phase space analysis, Lyapunov exponents, correlation dimension, detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA), recurrence plot, Poincaré plot, approximate entropy, and sample entropy along with their recent applications in the ECG signal analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suraj K. Nayak
- Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India
| | - Arindam Bit
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 492010, India
| | - Anilesh Dey
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Kaziranga University, Jorhat, Assam 785006, India
| | | | - Kunal Pal
- Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India
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Bissoyi A, Kumar Singh A, Kumar Pattanayak S, Bit A, Kumar Sinha S, Patel A, Jain V, Kumar Patra P. Understanding the molecular mechanism of improved proliferation and osteogenic potential of human mesenchymal stem cells grown on a polyelectrolyte complex derived from non-mulberry silk fibroin and chitosan. Biomed Mater 2017; 13:015011. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/aa890c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Bit A, Kumar A, Singh AK, Rizvanov AA, Kiassov AP, Patra PK, Kumar M, Bissoyi A. Crosstalk between Substrates and Rho-Associated Kinase Inhibitors in Cryopreservation of Tissue-Engineered Constructs. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:1380304. [PMID: 29201057 PMCID: PMC5672132 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1380304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
It is documented that human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) can be differentiated into various types of cells to present a tool for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Thus, the preservation of stem cells is a crucial factor for their effective long-term storage that further facilitates their continuous supply and transportation for application in regenerative medicine. Cryopreservation is the most important, practicable, and the only established mechanism for long-term preservation of cells, tissues, and organs, and engineered tissues; thus, it is the key step for the improvement of tissue engineering. A significant portion of MSCs loses cellular viability while freeze-thawing, which represents an important technical limitation to achieving sufficient viable cell numbers for maximum efficacy. Several natural and synthetic materials are extensively used as substrates for tissue engineering constructs and cryopreservation because they promote cell attachment and proliferation. Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) inhibitors can improve the physiological function and postthaw viability of cryopreserved MSCs. This review proposes a crosstalk between substrate topology and interaction of cells with ROCK inhibitors. It is shown that incorporation of ionic nanoparticles in the presence of an external electrical field improves the generation of ROCK inhibitors to safeguard cellular viability for the enhanced cryopreservation of engineered tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arindam Bit
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Raipur 492010, India
| | - Awanish Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Raipur 492010, India
| | | | - Albert A. Rizvanov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan 420008, Russia
| | - Andrey P. Kiassov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan 420008, Russia
| | | | - Munish Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211002, India
| | - Akalabya Bissoyi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Raipur 492010, India
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Sahoo L, Bit A, Meher PK, Murmu K, Sundaray JK, Das P. Rapid recovery of complete mitogenome of Indian major carp, Catla catla from low depth paired end Illumina sequencing. Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2017; 2:155-156. [PMID: 33473750 PMCID: PMC7799541 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2017.1298413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we report the reconstruction of the catla (Catla catla) complete mitochondrial genome sequence from low depth paired end Illumina sequencing. The genome is of 16,597 bp in size. Similar to other vertebrate mtgenomes, it consists of 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNAs, 2 rRNAs and a putative control region. The present mtgenome is 3 bp longer than the earlier reported catla mtgenome from our laboratory. Majority of the mitochondrial genes are encoded by the H-strand. Phylogenetics analysis revealed that Catla catla is closer to Labeo rohita than other labeo species. Present study demonstrated the power of next generation sequencing towards hassle free and rapid sequencing of mitochondrial genomes of non-model organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Sahoo
- Fish Genetics and Biotechnology Division, ICAR-CIFA, Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - A Bit
- Fish Genetics and Biotechnology Division, ICAR-CIFA, Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - P K Meher
- Fish Genetics and Biotechnology Division, ICAR-CIFA, Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - K Murmu
- Fish Genetics and Biotechnology Division, ICAR-CIFA, Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - J K Sundaray
- Fish Genetics and Biotechnology Division, ICAR-CIFA, Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - P Das
- Fish Genetics and Biotechnology Division, ICAR-CIFA, Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar, India
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Tarai S, Bit A, dos Reis HJ, Palotás A, Rizvanov A, Bissoyi A. Stratifying Heterogeneous Dimension of Neurodegenerative Diseases: Intervention for Stipulating Epigenetic Factors to Combat Oxidative Stress in Human Brain. BioNanoSci 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12668-016-0240-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Bissoyi A, Bit A, Singh BK, Singh AK, Patra PK. Enhanced cryopreservation of MSCs in microfluidic bioreactor by regulated shear flow. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35416. [PMID: 27748463 PMCID: PMC5066325 DOI: 10.1038/srep35416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-matrix systems can be stored for longer period of time by means of cryopreservation. Cell-matrix and cell-cell interaction has been found to be critical in a number of basic biological processes. Tissue structure maintenance, cell secretary activity, cellular migration, and cell-cell communication all exist because of the presence of cell interactions. This complex and co-ordinated interaction between cellular constituents, extracellular matrix and adjacent cells has been identified as a significant contributor in the overall co-ordination of tissue. The prime objective of this investigation is to evaluate the effects of shear-stress and cell-substrate interaction in successful recovery of adherent human mesenchymal-stem-cells (hMSCs). A customized microfluidic bioreactor has been used for the purpose. We have measured the changes in focal-point-adhesion (FPAs) by changing induced shear stress inside the bioreactor. The findings indicate that with increase in shear stress, FPAs increases between substrate and MSCs. Further, experimental results show that increased FPAs (4e-3 μbar) enhances the cellular survivability of adherent MSCs. Probably, for the first time involvement of focal point interaction in the outcome of cryopreservation of MSCs has been clarified, and it proved a potentially new approach for modification of cryopreservation protocol by up-regulating focal point of cells to improve its clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akalabya Bissoyi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Raipur, India
| | - Arindam Bit
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Raipur, India
| | - Bikesh Kumar Singh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Raipur, India
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Bit A, Chattopadhyay H. Numerical investigations of pulsatile flow in stenosed artery. Acta Bioeng Biomech 2014; 16:33-44. [PMID: 25598070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Abnormalities in blood vessels by virtue of complex blood flow dynamics is being supported by non-Newtonian behavior of blood. Thus it becomes a focus of research to most of the researchers. Additionally, consideration of real life patient specific model of vessel as well as patient specific inlet flow boundary condition implementation was limited in literature. Thus a thorough implementation of these considerations was done here. METHOD In this work, a numerical investigation of hemodynamic flow in stenosed artery has been carried out with realistic pulsating profile at the inlet. Flow has been considered to be laminar due to arresting condition of cardiovascular state of the subject. Two non- Newtonian rheological models namely, Power Law viscosity model and Quemada viscosity model have been used. Two different patient- specific pulsatile profiles are considered at the inlet of a long stenosed artery with varying degree of stenoses from 25% to 80%. RESULTS Transient form of Navier-Stokes equation is solved in an axi-symmetric domain to calculate the detailed flow structure of the flow field. From the simulation data, temporal and time averaged wall shear stress, oscillatory shear index and pressure drop are calculated. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrate that oscillatory shear index and wall shear stresses are extensively governed by the degree of stenoses. The position and movement of recirculation bubbles are found to vary with flow Reynolds number.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arindam Bit
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Raipur, India
| | - Himadri Chattopadhyay
- School of Bioscience and Engineering, and Department of Mechanical Engineering, Jadavpur University, India
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