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Vanderlinden G, Carron C, Vandenberghe R, Vandenbulcke M, Van Laere K. In vivo PET of synaptic density as potential diagnostic marker for cognitive disorders: prospective comparison with current imaging markers for neuronal dysfunction and relation to symptomatology - study protocol. BMC Med Imaging 2024; 24:41. [PMID: 38347458 PMCID: PMC10860316 DOI: 10.1186/s12880-024-01224-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND 18F-FDG brain PET is clinically used for differential diagnosis in cognitive dysfunction of unclear etiology and for exclusion of a neurodegenerative cause in patients with cognitive impairment in late-life psychiatric disorders. 18F-FDG PET measures regional glucose metabolism, which represents a combination of neuronal/synaptic activity but also astrocytic activity and neuroinflammation. Recently, imaging of synaptic vesicle protein 2 A (SV2A) has become available and was shown to be a proxy of synaptic density. This prospective study will investigate the use of 18F-SynVesT-1 for imaging SV2A and its discriminative power for differential diagnosis in cognitive disorders in a head-to-head comparison to 18F-FDG PET. In addition, simultaneous PET/MR allows an evaluation of contributing factors and the additional value of advanced MRI imaging to FDG/SV2A PET imaging will be investigated. In this work, the study design and protocol are depicted. METHODS In this prospective, multimodal imaging study, 110 patients with uncertain diagnosis of cognitive impairment who are referred for 18F-FDG PET brain imaging in their diagnostic work-up in a tertiary memory clinic will be recruited. In addition, 40 healthy volunteers (HV) between 18 and 85 years (M/F) will be included. All study participants will undergo simultaneous 18F-SynVesT-1 PET/MR and an extensive neuropsychological evaluation. Amyloid status will be measured by PET using 18FNAV4694, in HV above 50 years of age. Structural T1-weighted and T2-weighted fluid-attenuated inversion recovery MR images, triple-tagging arterial spin labeling (ASL) and resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) will be obtained. The study has been registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05384353) and is approved by the local Research Ethics Committee. DISCUSSION The main endpoint of the study will be the comparison of the diagnostic accuracy between 18F-SynVesT-1 and 18F-FDG PET in cognitive disorders with uncertain etiology and in exclusion of a neurodegenerative cause in patients with cognitive impairment in late-life psychiatric disorders. The strength of the relationship between cognition and imaging data will be assessed, as well as the potential incremental diagnostic value of including MR volumetry, ASL perfusion and rs-fMRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greet Vanderlinden
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Charles Carron
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospitals UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rik Vandenberghe
- Department of Neurology, University Hospitals UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mathieu Vandenbulcke
- Research Group Psychiatry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Old-Age Psychiatry, University Hospitals UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Koen Van Laere
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospitals UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven, Belgium
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Etholén A, Kouvonen A, Hänninen M, Kulmala J, Rahkonen O, Mänty M, Lallukka T. Individual and dual trajectories of insomnia symptoms and body mass index before and after retirement and their associations with changes in subjective cognitive functioning. Prev Med 2024; 179:107830. [PMID: 38142966 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2023.107830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We examined individual and dual trajectories of insomnia symptoms and body mass index (BMI) before and after retirement, and their associations with changes in subjective cognitive functioning after retirement. METHODS We used the Helsinki Health Study's (n = 2360, 79% women, aged 40-60 at baseline, Finland) repeated surveys to identify the developmental patterns of insomnia symptoms and BMI (2000-2017) and changes in subjective cognitive functioning (2017-2022). We analysed the data using latent group-based dual trajectory modelling and logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Three latent groups were identified for insomnia symptoms (stable low, decreasing and increasing symptoms) and BMI (stable healthy weight, stable overweight and stable obesity). Insomnia symptoms were associated with declining subjective cognitive functioning and largely explained the effects in the dual models. CONCLUSION The association between dual trajectories of insomnia symptoms and BMI with subjective cognitive decline is dominated by insomnia symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antti Etholén
- Department of Public Health, PO BOX 20 (Tukholmankatu 8 B), 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Anne Kouvonen
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, POB 54, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland; Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast BT12 6BA, UK.
| | - Mirja Hänninen
- Department of Public Health, PO BOX 20 (Tukholmankatu 8 B), 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland; Western Uusimaa Wellbeing Services County, Social and Health Care Services, P.O. BOX 33, 02033 Espoo, Finland.
| | - Jenni Kulmala
- Faculty of Social Sciences (Health Sciences) and Gerontology Research Center (GEREC), Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, 33520 Tampere, Finland; Population Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, POB 30, 00271 Helsinki, Finland; Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 1, 171 77 Solna, Sweden.
| | - Ossi Rahkonen
- Department of Public Health, PO BOX 20 (Tukholmankatu 8 B), 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Minna Mänty
- Department of Public Health, PO BOX 20 (Tukholmankatu 8 B), 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Tea Lallukka
- Department of Public Health, PO BOX 20 (Tukholmankatu 8 B), 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland.
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Pommy J, Conant L, Butts AM, Nencka A, Wang Y, Franczak M, Glass-Umfleet L. A graph theoretic approach to neurodegeneration: five data-driven neuropsychological subtypes in mild cognitive impairment. NEUROPSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENT, AND COGNITION. SECTION B, AGING, NEUROPSYCHOLOGY AND COGNITION 2023; 30:903-922. [PMID: 36648118 DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2022.2163973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Mild cognitive Impairment (MCI) is notoriously heterogenous in terms of clinical presentation, neuroimaging correlates, and subsequent progression. Predicting who will progress to dementia, which type of dementia, and over what timeframe is challenging. Previous work has attempted to identify MCI subtypes using neuropsychological measures in an effort to address this challenge; however, there is no consensus on approach, which may account for some of the variability. Using a hierarchical community detection approach, we examined cognitive subtypes within an MCI sample (from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative [ADNI] study). We then examined whether these subtypes were related to biomarkers (e.g., cortical volumes, fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET) hypometabolism) or clinical progression. We identified five communities (i.e., cognitive subtypes) within the MCI sample: 1) predominantly memory impairment, 2) predominantly language impairment, 3) cognitively normal, 4) multidomain, with notable executive dysfunction, 5) multidomain, with notable processing speed impairment. Community membership was significantly associated with 1) cortical volume in the hippocampus, entorhinal cortex, and fusiform cortex; 2) FDG PET hypometabolism in the posterior cingulate, angular gyrus, and inferior/middle temporal gyrus; and 3) conversion to dementia at follow up. Overall, community detection as an approach appears a viable method for identifying unique cognitive subtypes in a neurodegenerative sample that were linked to several meaningful biomarkers and modestly with progression at one year follow up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Pommy
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States
| | - L Conant
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States
| | - A M Butts
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States
| | - A Nencka
- Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States
| | - Y Wang
- Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States
| | - M Franczak
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States
| | - L Glass-Umfleet
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States
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Ren S, Li J, Huang L, Huang Q, Chen K, Hu J, Jessen F, Hu X, Jiang D, Zhu L, Wang X, Guan Y, Hua F, Guo Q, Xie F. Brain Functional Alterations and Association with Cognition in People with Preclinical Subjective Cognitive Decline and Objective Subtle Cognitive Difficulties. Neuroscience 2023; 513:137-144. [PMID: 36634906 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and objective subtle cognitive difficulties (Obj-SCD) are considered the initial stages of aberrant cognition prior to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) due to Alzheimer's disease (AD). We aimed to determine the difference of brain function of SCD and Obj-SCD, furthermore, to figure out which one could be the marker of early AD. One hundred and eighty-five participants were enrolled in this study to determine the amyloid pathology and glucose metabolism changes in SCD and Obj-SCD. The association of amyloid deposition and glucose metabolism with cognitive domains were also investigated. Obj-SCD displayed significantly increased amyloid deposition in frontal and temporal lobes compared to SCD and normal cognitive control (NCC). No difference of amyloid deposition between SCD and NCC, and no difference of glucose metabolism among the three groups were observed. Amyloid deposition was associated with function of memory, language and executive domains, and glucose metabolism was only associated with executive function in Obj-SCD. Amyloid deposition was only associated with executive function in SCD. Obj-SCD could be the early stage of AD, which displayed significant increased amyloid deposition, and the increased amyloid deposition was associated with cognitive function in different domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhua Ren
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 200040 Shanghai, China
| | - Junpeng Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 200040 Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Huang
- Department of Gerontology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 200233 Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Huang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 200040 Shanghai, China
| | - Kewei Chen
- Banner Alzheimer Institute, Arizona State University, University of Arizona and Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium, USA
| | - Jingchao Hu
- Department of Gerontology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 200233 Shanghai, China; School of Nursing, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 200025 Shanghai, China
| | - Frank Jessen
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Disorder (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Xiaochen Hu
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Donglang Jiang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 200040 Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals (Beijing Normal University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- Department of Physiology, Capital Medical University, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disorders of the Ministry of Education, No. 10 Xitoutiao, Youanmen, 100069 Beijing, China
| | - Yihui Guan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 200040 Shanghai, China.
| | - Fengchun Hua
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 200040 Shanghai, China; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Qihao Guo
- Department of Gerontology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 200233 Shanghai, China.
| | - Fang Xie
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 200040 Shanghai, China.
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Emrani S, Lamar M, Price CC, Swenson R, Libon DJ, Baliga G. Neurocognitive Operations Underlying Working Memory Abilities: An Analysis of Latency and Time-Based Parameters. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 94:1535-1547. [PMID: 37458036 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The theory of executive attention (Fuster, 2015) suggests considerable plasticity regarding when specific neurocognitive operations are recruited to bring executive tasks to fruition. OBJECTIVE We tested the hypothesis that differing neurocognitive operations are recruited upon the initiation of a response, but that other distinct neurocognitive operations are recruited towards the middle or end of a response. METHODS The Backward Digit Span Test (BDST) was administered to 58 memory clinic patients (MCI, n = 22; no-MCI, n = 36). Latency to generate all correct 5-span responses was obtained. Statistical analyses found that optimal group classification was achieved using the first and third digit backward. First and third response latencies were analyzed in relation to verbal working memory (WM), visual WM, processing speed, visuospatial operations, naming/lexical access, and verbal episodic memory tests. RESULTS For the first response, slower latencies were associated with better performance in relation to verbal WM and visuospatial test performance. For the third response, faster latencies were associated with better processing speed and visuospatial test performance. CONCLUSION Consistent with the theory of executive attention, these data show that the neurocognitive operations underlying successful executive test performance are not monolithic but can be quite nuanced with differing neurocognitive operations associated with specific time epochs. Results support the efficacy of obtaining time-based latency parameters to help disambiguate successful executive neurocognitive operations in memory clinic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheina Emrani
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Melissa Lamar
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center and the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Catherine C Price
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Rod Swenson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science at the University of North Dakota, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - David J Libon
- New Jersey Institute for Successful Aging, School of Osteopathic Medicine and the Department of Psychology, Rowan University, Stratford, NJ, USA
| | - Ganesh Baliga
- Department of Computer Science, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, USA
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Solovieva EY, Vorob'eva OV, Fateeva VV, Skipetrova LA. [Imaging of brain activity using fMRI in a patient with subjective cognitive decline]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2023; 123:125-129. [PMID: 37084377 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro2023123041125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
In clinical practice, subjective cognitive decline (SCD) is often difficult to diagnose because it is not detected by standard neuropsychological and cognitive tests.The described clinical case is presented to demonstrate the difficulties of diagnosis and treatment choice in a patient with SCD. fMRI might be considered as an instrumental method to analyze the functional relationship between the activity of brain structures and cerebral circulation in patients with SCD. Patient clinical and neuropsychological data with a detailed description of fMRI with a cognitive paradigm are presented. The article is focused on the early diagnosis of SCD and the prognostic assessment of the transition of SCD to dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Yu Solovieva
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - O V Vorob'eva
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - V V Fateeva
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
- OOO «NPF «MATERIA MEDICA HOLDING», Moscow, Russia
| | - L A Skipetrova
- Center for Speech Pathology and Neurorehabilitation, Moscow, Russia
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Arrondo P, Elía-Zudaire Ó, Martí-Andrés G, Fernández-Seara MA, Riverol M. Grey matter changes on brain MRI in subjective cognitive decline: a systematic review. Alzheimers Res Ther 2022; 14:98. [PMID: 35869559 PMCID: PMC9306106 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-022-01031-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Introduction People with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) report cognitive deterioration. However, their performance in neuropsychological evaluation falls within the normal range. The present study aims to analyse whether structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) reveals grey matter changes in the SCD population compared with healthy normal controls (HC). Methods Parallel systematic searches in PubMed and Web of Science databases were conducted, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Quality assessment was completed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Results Fifty-one MRI studies were included. Thirty-five studies used a region of interest (ROI) analysis, 15 used a voxel-based morphometry (VBM) analysis and 10 studies used a cortical thickness (CTh) analysis. Ten studies combined both, VBM or CTh analysis with ROI analysis. Conclusions Medial temporal structures, like the hippocampus or the entorhinal cortex (EC), seemed to present grey matter reduction in SCD compared with HC, but the samples and results are heterogeneous. Larger sample sizes could help to better determine if these grey matter changes are consistent in SCD subjects. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13195-022-01031-6.
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Yeung MK, Chau AKY, Chiu JYC, Shek JTL, Leung JPY, Wong TCH. Differential and subtype-specific neuroimaging abnormalities in amnestic and nonamnestic mild cognitive impairment: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 80:101675. [PMID: 35724862 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
While mild cognitive impairment (MCI) has been classified into amnestic MCI (aMCI) and nonamnestic MCI (naMCI), the neuropathological bases of these two subtypes remain elusive. Here, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the subtype specificity of neuroimaging abnormalities in MCI and to identify neural features that may differ between aMCI and naMCI. We synthesized 50 studies that used common neuroimaging modalities, including magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography, to compare brain atrophy, white matter abnormalities, cortical thinning, cerebral hypometabolism, amyloid/tau deposition, or other features among aMCI, naMCI, and normal cognition. Compared with normal cognition, aMCI shows diverse neuroimaging abnormalities of large effect sizes. In contrast, naMCI exhibits restricted abnormalities of small effect sizes. Some features, including medial temporal lobe atrophy and white matter abnormalities, are shared by the two MCI subtypes. Overall, brain abnormalities are worse, if not similar, in aMCI than in naMCI. The only neuroimaging abnormality specific to aMCI is increased amyloid burden; no feature specific to naMCI was found. Taken together, our findings have elucidated the neuropathological changes that occur in aMCI and naMCI. Clarifying the neuroimaging profiles of aMCI and naMCI can improve the early identification, differentiation, and intervention of prodromal dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael K Yeung
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China; University Research Facility in Behavioral and Systems Neuroscience, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Anson Kwok-Yun Chau
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jason Yin-Chuen Chiu
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jay Tsz-Lok Shek
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jody Po-Yi Leung
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China
| | - Toby Chun-Ho Wong
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China
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Hu H, Bi YL, Shen XN, Ma YH, Ou YN, Zhang W, Ma LZ, Hu HY, Dong Q, Tan L, Yu JT. Application of the amyloid/tau/neurodegeneration framework in cognitively intact adults: the CABLE Study. Ann Neurol 2022; 92:439-450. [PMID: 35700125 DOI: 10.1002/ana.26439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The amyloid/tau/neurodegeneration (AT[N]) framework has conceptualized Alzheimer's disease (AD) continuum as a continuum of disease with evidences of amyloid-related pathologies independent of clinical manifestation. Based on this framework, it is necessary to reveal the distribution and risk factors of AD continuum in the cognitively intact population among different cohorts and races, including the northern Chinese Han population. METHODS This study classified cognitively intact Chinese Alzheimer's Biomarker and LifestylE (CABLE) participants through the AT(N) scheme. Gaussian mixture models were used to identity the cutoff values of cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers, which distinguished AD continuum (A + T-N-, A + T + N-, A + T-N+ and A + T + N+) from 1,005 participants (mean age: 61 years; 40% female). Multivariable logistic regressions and Cochran-Armitage trend tests were used to test neuropsychological performance and risk factors for AD continuum. RESULTS Approximately one-third of individuals (33.7%) belonged to AD continuum. Four potential modifiable risk factors, including hypertension, thyroid diseases, social isolation and minimal depression symptoms, were identified for AD continuum (odds ratio [OR] ranging from 1.68 to 6.90). A trend toward higher prevalence of AD continuum was associated with a larger number of risk factors (P for trend <0.0001). The risk of AD continuum increased by about two times for each additional modifiable risk factor (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.65-2.24, P < 0.0001). INTERPRETATION This study revealed the distribution and potential risk factors of AD continuum in cognitively intact Han population in northern China, which filled the gap in the area about the performance of the AT(N) framework in the Asian population. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Hu
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yan-Lin Bi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, China
| | - Xue-Ning Shen
- From Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya-Hui Ma
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ya-Nan Ou
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ling-Zhi Ma
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - He-Ying Hu
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qiang Dong
- From Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
| | - Lan Tan
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jin-Tai Yu
- From Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
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10
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Wang J, Wang K, Liu T, Wang L, Suo D, Xie Y, Funahashi S, Wu J, Pei G. Abnormal Dynamic Functional Networks in Subjective Cognitive Decline and Alzheimer's Disease. Front Comput Neurosci 2022; 16:885126. [PMID: 35586480 PMCID: PMC9108158 DOI: 10.3389/fncom.2022.885126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) is considered to be the preclinical stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and has the potential for the early diagnosis and intervention of AD. It was implicated that CSF-tau, which increases very early in the disease process in AD, has a high sensitivity and specificity to differentiate AD from normal aging, and the highly connected brain regions behaved more tau burden in patients with AD. Thus, a highly connected state measured by dynamic functional connectivity may serve as the early changes of AD. In this study, forty-five normal controls (NC), thirty-six individuals with SCD, and thirty-five patients with AD were enrolled to obtain the resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scanning. Sliding windows, Pearson correlation, and clustering analysis were combined to investigate the different levels of information transformation states. Three states, namely, the low state, the middle state, and the high state, were characterized based on the strength of functional connectivity between each pair of brain regions. For the global dynamic functional connectivity analysis, statistically significant differences were found among groups in the three states, and the functional connectivity in the middle state was positively correlated with cognitive scales. Furthermore, the whole brain was parcellated into four networks, namely, default mode network (DMN), cognitive control network (CCN), sensorimotor network (SMN), and occipital-cerebellum network (OCN). For the local network analysis, statistically significant differences in CCN for low state and SMN for middle state and high state were found in normal controls and patients with AD. Meanwhile, the differences were also found in normal controls and individuals with SCD. In addition, the functional connectivity in SMN for high state was positively correlated with cognitive scales. Converging results showed the changes in dynamic functional states in individuals with SCD and patients with AD. In addition, the changes were mainly in the high strength of the functional connectivity state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jue Wang
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Kexin Wang
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Tiantian Liu
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Li Wang
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Dingjie Suo
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yunyan Xie
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shintaro Funahashi
- Kokoro Research Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Laboratory of Cognitive Brain Science, Department of Cognitive and Behavioral Sciences, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Jinglong Wu
- Research Center for Medical Artificial Intelligence, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Jinglong Wu
| | - Guangying Pei
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
- Guangying Pei
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Aspli KT, Holmøy T, Flaten TP, Whist JE, Aaseth JO. Skogholt's disease-A tauopathy precipitated by iron and copper? J Trace Elem Med Biol 2022; 70:126915. [PMID: 34959013 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2021.126915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been suggested that Skogholt's disease is a new neurological disease entity. The disease, confined to a family line in Hedmark county, Norway, usually affects both the brain and peripheral nerves. Typical findings are white matter lesions in the brain, myelin damage in peripheral nerves, and discolored cerebrospinal fluid with high concentrations of protein, copper, and iron. Little is known about the natural progression of the disease and its underlying cause, but the high level of copper and iron in the cerebrospinal fluid may cause or exacerbate inflammation in the central nervous system. METHODS The present clinical study further explores the disease progression with clinical chemistry analyses and mass spectrometry of blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from patients and controls. Findings are corroborated with cognitive assessments. RESULTS Pathological changes in CSF with low amyloid-β42 and high levels of tau proteins, total protein, copper, and iron, were discovered among Skogholt patients. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment identified 36 % of the patients as below normal range, while most patients performed slower than the norm mean time on the Trail Making Test. Mini-Mental Status Examination disclosed only minor deviations. CONCLUSION The findings in the present study strengthen our initial suggestion that Skogholt's disease most likely is a new neurological disorder and provide new clues to its cause: The disease may belong to the family of neurodegenerative disorders termed tauopathies. The increased level of copper and iron may contribute to neuroinflammation as these metals also have been associated with other neurodegenerative disorders. Although the causes of neurodegenerative disorders are currently largely unknown, studies on rare disease entities, such as the present one, may increase the understanding of neurodegeneration in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus T Aspli
- Department of Neurology, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Lillehammer, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway.
| | - Trygve Holmøy
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway; Department of Neurology, Akershus University Hospital, Norway
| | - Trond Peder Flaten
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jon Elling Whist
- Research Department, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Brumunddal, Norway
| | - Jan O Aaseth
- Research Department, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Brumunddal, Norway
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12
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Wen C, Bi YL, Hu H, Huang SY, Ma YH, Hu HY, Tan L, Yu JT. Association of Subjective Cognitive Decline with Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers of Alzheimer’s Disease Pathology in Cognitively Intact Older Adults: The CABLE Study. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 85:1143-1151. [PMID: 34924386 DOI: 10.3233/jad-215178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) might occur at the early stages of dementia. Individuals with SCD have an increased risk of subsequent objective cognitive decline and greater rates of progression to dementia. Objective: We aimed to explore the associations between SCD and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology in cognitively normal individuals. Methods: A total of 1,099 cognitively normal elders with available data on CSF biomarkers of AD pathology (Aβ 42, P-tau, and T-tau) were included in our analysis. Linear regression was used to examine the associations of SCD status and SCD severity with CSF biomarkers. Additionally, a review was conducted to discuss the associations between SCD and CSF biomarkers of AD pathology. Results: After adjustments for covariates, SCD and SCD severity showed significant associations with CSF Aβ 42 (SCD: β= –0.0003, p = 0.0263; SCD severity: β= –0.0004, p = 0.0046), CSF T-tau/Aβ 42 ratio (SCD: β= 0.1080, p = 0.1080; SCD severity: β= 0.1129, p = 0.0009) and CSF P-tau/Aβ 42 ratio (SCD: β= 0.0167, p = 0.0103; SCD severity: β= 0.0193, p = 0.0006) rather than T-tau and P-tau compared with cognitively normal individuals. In the review, a total of 28 studies were finally included after reviewing 174 articles. CSF Aβ 42 was lower in SCD than cognitively normal (CN) individuals, but higher than those with objective cognitive decline. However, CSF tau pathology showed no difference between SCD and CN. Conclusion: The results indicated that pathophysiological changes in CSF Aβ pathology occurred in individuals with SCD, which provide new insights into early intervention of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wen
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yan-Lin Bi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, China
| | - Hao Hu
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shu-Yi Huang
- From Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya-Hui Ma
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - He-Ying Hu
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lan Tan
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jin-Tai Yu
- From Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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13
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Youn H, Choi M, Lee S, Kim D, Suh S, Han CE, Jeong HG. Decreased Cortical Thickness and Local Gyrification in Individuals with Subjective Cognitive Impairment. CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE 2021; 19:640-652. [PMID: 34690119 PMCID: PMC8553542 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.2021.19.4.640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Objective Subjective cognitive impairment (SCI) is associated with future cognitive decline. This study aimed to compare cortical thickness and local gyrification index (LGI) between individuals with SCI and normal control (NC) subjects. Methods Forty-seven participants (27 SCI and 20 NC) were recruited. All participants underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging scanning and were clinically assessed using the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease (CERAD) battery of tests. We compared cortical thickness and LGI between the two groups and analyzed correlations between cortical thickness/LGI and scores on CERAD protocol subtests in the SCI group for region of interests with significant between-group differences. Results Cortical thickness reduction in the left entorhinal, superior temporal, insular, rostral middle frontal, precentral, superior frontal, and supramarginal regions, and right supramarginal, precentral, insular, postcentral, and posterior cingulate regions was observed in the SCI compared to the NC group. Cortical thickness in these regions correlated with scores of constructional praxis, word list memory, word list recall, constructional recall, trail making test A, and verbal fluency under the CERAD protocol. Significantly decreased gyrification was observed in the left lingual gyrus of the SCI group. In addition, gyrification of this region was positively associated with scores of constructional praxis. Conclusion Our results may provide an additional reference to the notion that SCI may be associated with future cognitive impairment. This study may help clinicians to assess individuals with SCI who may progress to mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- HyunChul Youn
- Department of Psychiatry, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Myungwon Choi
- Department of Electronics and Information Engineering, Korea University, Sejong, Korea
| | - Suji Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea
| | - Daegyeom Kim
- Department of Electronics and Information Engineering, Korea University, Sejong, Korea
| | - Sangil Suh
- Departments of Radiology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Cheol E Han
- Department of Electronics and Information Engineering, Korea University, Sejong, Korea
| | - Hyun-Ghang Jeong
- Departments of Psychiatry, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Korea University Research Institute of Mental Health, Seoul, Korea
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14
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Wen C, Hu H, Ou YN, Bi YL, Ma YH, Tan L, Yu JT. Risk factors for subjective cognitive decline: the CABLE study. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:576. [PMID: 34753917 PMCID: PMC8578345 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01711-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidences supported that subjective cognitive decline (SCD) might be a potential first symptomatic manifestation of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The rapidly growing number of SCD individuals who seek medical help and advice also makes it urgent to develop more precise strategy for SCD. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the risk factors for SCD. Logistics and linear regression models were performed to investigate 41 factors for SCD in 1165 participants without objective cognitive impairment. Cochran-Armitage trend test was used to confirm the constant trend toward higher prevalence of SCD with an increasing number of risk factors. A high overall prevalence of SCD was found in total participants (42%). Eight factors were eventually identified as risk factors for SCD, including four stable factors associated with both SCD statues and severity (older age, thyroid diseases, minimal anxiety symptoms, and day time dysfunction; odds ratio (OR) ranging from 1.74 to 2.29) as well as four suggestive factors associated with either SCD statues or severity (female sex, anemia, lack of physical exercises, and living alone; OR ranging from 1.30 to 2.29). The prevalence of SCD gradually increased with the number of risk factors clustering increased in individuals (p for trend <0.001). Five of these eight factors were further proved among individuals with SCD-plus features. These findings revealed several risk factors for SCD, providing some new clues for formulating priority strategies for early prevention of SCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wen
- grid.410645.20000 0001 0455 0905Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hao Hu
- grid.410645.20000 0001 0455 0905Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ya-Nan Ou
- grid.410645.20000 0001 0455 0905Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yan-Lin Bi
- grid.410645.20000 0001 0455 0905Department of Anesthesiology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ya-Hui Ma
- grid.410645.20000 0001 0455 0905Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lan Tan
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Jin-Tai Yu
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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15
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Knudsen LV, Gazerani P, Michel TM, Vafaee MS. The role of multimodal MRI in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. J Neuroimaging 2021; 32:148-157. [PMID: 34752671 DOI: 10.1111/jon.12940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a prodromal stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD), where neurodegeneration is not as considerable, thereby potentially increasing the effect of treatments. Therefore, highly sensitive and specific classification of subjects with MCI is necessary, where various MRI modalities have displayed promise. METHODS Structural, diffusion, and resting-state (RS) functional MRI analyses were performed on the AD (n = 26), MCI (n = 5), and healthy control (HC) (n = 14) group. Structural analysis was performed via voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and volumetric subcortical segmentation analysis. Fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity were estimated during the diffusion analysis. RS analysis investigated seed-based functional connectivity. Classification via support vector machine was performed to evaluate which MRI modality most accurately differentiated the groups. Multiple linear regression was conducted to evaluate the MRI modalities correlation with clinical assessment scores. RESULTS Classification of MCI and HC displayed highest accuracy based on diffusion MRI, which besides demonstrated high correlation with clinical scores. Classification was equally accurate in AD, when using VBM or diffusion tensor imaging measures. Yet, more variance was explained by VBM measures in the clinical assessment scores of the AD group. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the potential of diffusion MRI in differentiating MCI from HC and AD. However, the results need to be interpreted with caution as sample size and artifacts in the MRI data probably influenced the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laust Vind Knudsen
- Research Unit for Psychiatry, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Parisa Gazerani
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of Life Sciences and Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, 0130, Norway
| | - Tanja Maria Michel
- Research Unit for Psychiatry, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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16
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Gatto NM, Garcia-Cano J, Irani C, Jaceldo-Siegl K, Liu T, Chen Z, Paul J, Fraser G, Wang C, Lee GJ. Vegetarian Dietary Patterns and Cognitive Function among Older Adults: The Adventist Health Study-2. J Nutr Gerontol Geriatr 2021; 40:197-214. [PMID: 34412570 DOI: 10.1080/21551197.2021.1965939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We explored effects on cognitive function of following plant-based vegetarian compared with non-vegetarian dietary patterns in otherwise healthy older community-dwelling members of the Adventist Health Study-2 cohort (n = 132). Cognition was assessed using a comprehensive neuropsychological battery; a principal components analysis derived processing speed, executive function, and memory/language factors. Mild memory impairment (MMI) (n = 26, 19.7%) was identified by memory tests. Vegetarians consumed (a) meats, fish, and dairy <1 time/month, (b) dairy ≥1 time/month and meats, and fish <1 time/month, or (c) fish ≥1 time/month, no limits on dairy, and meats <1 time/month. Dietary patterns were determined at baseline, for each decade, and at cognitive assessment; a diet stability score was calculated. Factor scores were not different between vegetarians and non-vegetarians, nor was dietary pattern associated with a lower odds of MMI. A more stable diet over the life course was associated with better memory/language [β = 0.021 SE(β) = 0.008; p = 0.01]. This exploratory study did not support differences in processing speed, executive function, or memory/language abilities between vegetarians and non-vegetarians but did suggest that a more stable dietary pattern which was characteristic of vegetarians was associated with better memory/language abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M Gatto
- School of Community and Global Health, Claremont Graduate University, Claremont, California, USA.,School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Jennifer Garcia-Cano
- Department of Psychology, School of Behavioral Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Crissy Irani
- School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | | | - Tiantian Liu
- Center for Genomics, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Zhong Chen
- Center for Genomics, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Jennifer Paul
- Center for Genomics, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Gary Fraser
- School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA.,School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Charles Wang
- Center for Genomics, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Grace J Lee
- Department of Psychology, School of Behavioral Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
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17
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Xu W, Rao J, Song Y, Chen S, Xue C, Hu G, Lin X, Chen J. Altered Functional Connectivity of the Basal Nucleus of Meynert in Subjective Cognitive Impairment, Early Mild Cognitive Impairment, and Late Mild Cognitive Impairment. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:671351. [PMID: 34248603 PMCID: PMC8267913 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.671351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The spectrum of early Alzheimer's disease (AD) is thought to include subjective cognitive impairment, early mild cognitive impairment (eMCI), and late mild cognitive impairment (lMCI). Choline dysfunction affects the early progression of AD, in which the basal nucleus of Meynert (BNM) is primarily responsible for cortical cholinergic innervation. The aims of this study were to determine the abnormal patterns of BNM-functional connectivity (BNM-FC) in the preclinical AD spectrum (SCD, eMCI, and lMCI) and further explore the relationships between these alterations and neuropsychological measures. Methods: Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) was used to investigate FC based on a seed mask (BNM mask) in 28 healthy controls (HC), 30 SCD, 24 eMCI, and 25 lMCI patients. Furthermore, the relationship between altered FC and neurocognitive performance was examined by a correlation analysis. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of abnormal BNM-FC was used to specifically determine the classification ability to differentiate the early AD disease spectrum relative to HC (SCD and HC, eMCI and HC, lMCI and HC) and pairs of groups in the AD disease spectrum (eMCI and SCD, lMCI and SCD, eMCI and lMCI). Results: Compared with HC, SCD patients showed increased FC in the bilateral SMA and decreased FC in the bilateral cerebellum and middle frontal gyrus (MFG), eMCI patients showed significantly decreased FC in the bilateral precuneus, and lMCI individuals showed decreased FC in the right lingual gyrus. Compared with the SCD group, the eMCI group showed decreased FC in the right superior frontal gyrus (SFG), while the lMCI group showed decreased FC in the left middle temporal gyrus (MTG). Compared with the eMCI group, the lMCI group showed decreased FC in the right hippocampus. Interestingly, abnormal FC was associated with certain cognitive domains and functions including episodic memory, executive function, information processing speed, and visuospatial function in the disease groups. BNM-FC of SFG in distinguishing eMCI from SCD; BNM-FC of MTG in distinguishing lMCI from SCD; BNM-FC of the MTG, hippocampus, and cerebellum in distinguishing SCD from HC; and BNM-FC of the hippocampus and MFG in distinguishing eMCI from lMCI have high sensitivity and specificity. Conclusions: The abnormal BNM-FC patterns can characterize the early disease spectrum of AD (SCD, eMCI, and lMCI) and are closely related to the cognitive domains. These new and reliable findings will provide a new perspective in identifying the early disease spectrum of AD and further strengthen the role of cholinergic theory in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Xu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiang Rao
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Song
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shanshan Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chen Xue
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guanjie Hu
- Institute of Neuropsychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Institute of Brain Functional Imaging, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xingjian Lin
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiu Chen
- Institute of Neuropsychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Institute of Brain Functional Imaging, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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18
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Mantovani E, Zucchella C, Schena F, Romanelli MG, Venturelli M, Tamburin S. Towards a Redefinition of Cognitive Frailty. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 76:831-843. [PMID: 32568197 PMCID: PMC7504985 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Background: The progressive aging of the population will dramatically increase the burden of dementia related to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative disorders in the future. Because of the absence of drugs that can modify the neuropathological substrate of AD, research is focusing on the application of preemptive and disease-modifying strategies in the pre-symptomatic period of the disease. In this perspective, the identification of people with cognitive frailty (CF), i.e., those individuals with higher risk of developing dementia, on solid pathophysiological bases and with clear operational clinical criteria is of paramount importance. Objective/Methods: This hypothesis paper reviews the current definitions of CF, presents and discusses some of their limitations, and proposes a framework for updating and improving the conceptual and operational definition of the CF construct. Results: The potential for reversibility of CF should be supported by the assessment of amyloid, tau, and neuronal damage biomarkers, especially in younger patients. Physical and cognitive components of frailty should be considered as separate entities, instead of part of a single macro-phenotype. CF should not be limited to the geriatric population, because trajectories of amyloid accumulation are supposed to start earlier than 65 years in AD. Operational criteria are needed to standardize assessment of CF. Conclusion: Based on the limitations of current CF definitions, we propose a revised one according to a multidimensional subtyping. This new definition might help stratifying CF patients for future trials to explore new lifestyle interventions or disease-modifying pharmacological strategies for AD and dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Mantovani
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Chiara Zucchella
- Section of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, Verona University Hospital, Verona, Italy
| | - Federico Schena
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Romanelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Massimo Venturelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Stefano Tamburin
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.,Section of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, Verona University Hospital, Verona, Italy
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19
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Effects of Tai Chi on Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:5530149. [PMID: 33977103 PMCID: PMC8087475 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5530149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Design Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from multiple databases from inception to December 2020 published in English were searched. Two researchers independently performed eligible study screening and data extraction. The methodological quality was assessed with the Jadad score. Meta-analysis of RCTs on TC in the treatment of MCI was performed with RevMan Version 5.4.1. Results Seven RCTs with 1265 participants were included. For most RCTs, the overall reporting of methodological quality was high. Results of the meta-analysis indicate that TC improved MCI patients' cognitive function significantly, including overall cognitive function (MD = −2.24, 95% CI -3.51 to -0.97, P = 0.0005), memory and learning (SMD = 0.83, 95% CI 0.22 to 1.45, P = 0.008), visuospatial ability (MD = 3.15, 95% CI 0.74 to 5.56, P = 0.01), executive functions (MD = 0.32, 95% CI 0.03 to 0.61, P = 0.03), and physical activity (MD = 18.78, 95% CI 10.80 to 26.76, P < 0.00001). However, no significant benefit was found for TC on psychological activity (MD = 0.17, 95% CI -0.62 to 0.96, P = 0.36) and biomarker improvement. Conclusion The meta-analysis confirmed the clinical therapeutic effect of TC for MCI. More rigorous and long-term follow-up RCTs should be conducted in the future.
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20
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Rotblatt LJ, Aiken-Morgan AT, Marsiske M, Horgas AL, Thomas KR. Do Associations Between Vascular Risk and Mild Cognitive Impairment Vary by Race? J Aging Health 2021; 35:898264320984357. [PMID: 33497299 PMCID: PMC8310897 DOI: 10.1177/0898264320984357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: Given prevalence differences of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) among Black and white older adults, this study aimed to examine whether overall vascular risk factor (VRF) burden and individual VRF associations with amnestic (aMCI) and nonamnestic (naMCI) MCI status varied by Black/white race. Methods: Participants included 2755 older adults without dementia from the ACTIVE study. Comprehensive neuropsychological criteria were used to classify cognitively normal, aMCI, and naMCI. VRFs were primarily defined using subjective report and medication data. Multinomial logistic regression was run predicting MCI subtype. Results: Greater overall VRF burden, high cholesterol, and obesity evinced greater odds of naMCI in Black participants than whites. Across participants, diabetes and hypertension were associated with increased odds of aMCI and naMCI, respectively. Discussion: Results may reflect known systemic inequities on dimensions of social determinants of health for Black older adults. Continued efforts toward examining underlying mechanisms contributing to these findings are critical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay J. Rotblatt
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | | | - Michael Marsiske
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Ann L. Horgas
- Department of Biobehavioral Nursing Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Kelsey R. Thomas
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
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21
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Costa RQMD, Pompeu JE, Viveiro LAPD, Brucki SMD. Spatial orientation tasks show moderate to high accuracy for the diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment: a systematic literature review. ARQUIVOS DE NEURO-PSIQUIATRIA 2020; 78:713-723. [DOI: 10.1590/0004-282x20200043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Spatial disorientation has been observed in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and is associated with a higher risk of progression to Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, there is no gold standard assessment for spatial orientation and paper-and-pencil tests lack ecological validity. Recently, there has been an increasing number of studies demonstrating the role of spatial disorientation as a cognitive marker of pathological decline, shedding new light on its importance for MCI. This systematic review aimed to investigate the accuracy of spatial orientation tasks for the diagnosis of MCI by comparison with cognitively healthy elderly. The search was conducted in the databases Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE/PubMed), Web of Science, Scopus, Excerpta Medica Database (Embase), Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (Lilacs) and Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO). Only original studies reporting spatial orientation assessment in MCI patients compared to a healthy control group were included. Studies were excluded if the MCI classification did not follow well described criteria and/or if accuracy results of spatial orientation assessment were not provided. Seven studies met the eligibility criteria, describing a variety of spatial orientation assessments including questionnaires, paper-and-pencil, office-based route learning, and computer-based and virtual reality tasks. Spatial orientation tasks demonstrated moderate to high accuracy in detecting elderly with MCI compared to cognitively healthy elderly, with areas under the curve (AUC) ranging from 0.77 to 0.99. However, important methodological issues were found in the selected studies which should be considered when interpreting results. Although the inclusion of spatial orientation assessments in MCI evaluations seems to have significant value, further studies are needed to clarify their true capacity to distinguish pathological from non-pathological aging.
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22
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Huang L, Chen K, Liu Z, Guo Q. A Conceptual Framework for Research on Cognitive Impairment with no Dementia in Memory Clinic. Curr Alzheimer Res 2020; 17:517-525. [PMID: 32851945 DOI: 10.2174/1567205017666200807193253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identifying and classifying individuals with Cognitive Impairment-No Dementia (CIND) has further challenged diagnostic methods, since varying the cutoffs for objective impairment as well as the neuropsychological tests considered can significantly affect diagnosis. Therefore, we investigated the applicability of an actuarial neuropsychological approach for clinical subdivision of CIND and quantified the variability in diagnostic outcomes that results from diverse neuropsychologically derived definition of objective cognitive impairment. METHODS 1459 non-demented, clinic-based individuals were recruited from a monocentric memory clinic from 1/1/2016/ to 1/1/2018 and classified as Cognitively Normal (NC), Slight Cognitive Symptom (SCS), SSubtle Cognitive Decline (SCD) or Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) via different diagnostic strategies, which varied the composition of objective cognitive assessments involved in the diagnostic process. RESULTS We compared two methods of criteria proposed by Jak/Bondi and Petersen/Winblad to classify individuals with CIND. A substantial range of differences in the percentages recognized as NC, SCS, SCD, and MCI was presented, depending on the classification criteria adopted. Our data revealed that the application of a set of six neuropsychological scores dividing CIND into 4 subgroups (NC, SCS, SCD, and MCI) was able to classify all non-demented individuals without overlap or omission. CONCLUSION Our study provided clinical support for an operational framework of the CIND classification system and underlined the value of applying comprehensive neuropsychological assessments for definition. The concept of SCS, considered appropriate for a preclinical stage, was proposed as the symptomatic definition for early intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Huang
- Department of Gerontology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Keliang Chen
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhao Liu
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dong Chuan Road, Min Hang District, Shanghai, China
| | - Qihao Guo
- Department of Gerontology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
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23
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Applications of Hybrid PET/Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Central Nervous System Disorders. PET Clin 2020; 15:497-508. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cpet.2020.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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24
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Wang X, Huang W, Su L, Xing Y, Jessen F, Sun Y, Shu N, Han Y. Neuroimaging advances regarding subjective cognitive decline in preclinical Alzheimer's disease. Mol Neurodegener 2020; 15:55. [PMID: 32962744 PMCID: PMC7507636 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-020-00395-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) is regarded as the first clinical manifestation in the Alzheimer’s disease (AD) continuum. Investigating populations with SCD is important for understanding the early pathological mechanisms of AD and identifying SCD-related biomarkers, which are critical for the early detection of AD. With the advent of advanced neuroimaging techniques, such as positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), accumulating evidence has revealed structural and functional brain alterations related to the symptoms of SCD. In this review, we summarize the main imaging features and key findings regarding SCD related to AD, from local and regional data to connectivity-based imaging measures, with the aim of delineating a multimodal imaging signature of SCD due to AD. Additionally, the interaction of SCD with other risk factors for dementia due to AD, such as age and the Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) ɛ4 status, has also been described. Finally, the possible explanations for the inconsistent and heterogeneous neuroimaging findings observed in individuals with SCD are discussed, along with future directions. Overall, the literature reveals a preferential vulnerability of AD signature regions in SCD in the context of AD, supporting the notion that individuals with SCD share a similar pattern of brain alterations with patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia due to AD. We conclude that these neuroimaging techniques, particularly multimodal neuroimaging techniques, have great potential for identifying the underlying pathological alterations associated with SCD. More longitudinal studies with larger sample sizes combined with more advanced imaging modeling approaches such as artificial intelligence are still warranted to establish their clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqi Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China.,Center of Alzheimer's Disease, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Weijie Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.,Center for Collaboration and Innovation in Brain and Learning Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Connectomics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Su
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Sino-Britain Centre for Cognition and Ageing Research, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yue Xing
- Radiological Sciences, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Frank Jessen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50937, Cologne, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China. .,Center of Alzheimer's Disease, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.
| | - Ni Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China. .,Center for Collaboration and Innovation in Brain and Learning Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China. .,Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Connectomics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
| | - Ying Han
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China. .,Center of Alzheimer's Disease, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Beijing, China.
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25
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Manzano S, Agüera L, Aguilar M, Olazarán J. A Review on Tramiprosate (Homotaurine) in Alzheimer's Disease and Other Neurocognitive Disorders. Front Neurol 2020; 11:614. [PMID: 32733362 PMCID: PMC7358344 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative condition, especially among elderly people. The presence of cortical β-amyloid deposition, together with tau phosphorylation and intracellular accumulation of neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) is the main neuropathologic criteria for AD diagnosis. Additionally, a role of inflammatory, mitochondrial, and metabolic factors has been suggested. Tramiprosate binds to soluble amyloid, thus inhibiting its aggregation in the brain. It reduced oligomeric and fibrillar (plaque) amyloid, diminished hippocampal atrophy, improved cholinergic transmission, and stabilized cognition in preclinical and clinical studies. In this narrative review, current information on the efficacy and safety of tramiprosate, both in AD and in other neurocognitive disorders, is presented. Possible directions for future studies with tramiprosate are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luis Agüera
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miquel Aguilar
- Unit of Neurodegenerative Diseases DOMUS-Vi, Department of Neurology - Àptima Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Olazarán
- Memory Disorders Unit, HM Hospitals & Neurology Service, Gregorio Marañón Hospital, Madrid, Spain
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26
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Howes MR, Perry NS, Vásquez‐Londoño C, Perry EK. Role of phytochemicals as nutraceuticals for cognitive functions affected in ageing. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:1294-1315. [PMID: 31650528 PMCID: PMC7056459 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive decline can occur with normal ageing and in age-related brain disorders, such as mild cognitive impairment and dementia, including Alzheimer's disease, with limited pharmacological therapies available. Other approaches to reduce cognitive decline are urgently needed, and so, the role of dietary interventions or nutraceuticals has received much attention in this respect. In this review, we examine the evidence for dietary plants and their chemical constituents as nutraceuticals, relevant to both cognitive decline in normal ageing and in dementia. Pharmacological (in vitro and in vivo), clinical and epidemiological evidence is assessed for both frequently consumed plants and their dietary forms, including tea, coffee, cocoa (chocolate), red wine, grapes, citrus and other fruits; in addition to plants used less frequently in certain diets and those that cross the blurred boundaries between foods, nutraceuticals and medicinal plants. For the latter, turmeric, saffron, sage, rosemary and lemon balm are examples of those discussed. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed section on The Pharmacology of Nutraceuticals. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v177.6/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie‐Jayne R. Howes
- Natural Capital and Plant Health DepartmentRoyal Botanic Gardens, KewSurreyUK
- Institute of Pharmaceutical ScienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | | | | | - Elaine K. Perry
- Dilston Physic GardenCorbridgeUK
- Institute for Ageing and HealthNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
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27
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Potential Fluid Biomarkers for the Diagnosis of Mild Cognitive Impairment. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20174149. [PMID: 31450692 PMCID: PMC6747411 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20174149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is characterized by a level of cognitive impairment that is lower than normal for a person’s age, but a higher function than that that observed in a demented person. MCI represents a transitional state between normal aging and dementia disorders, especially Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Much effort has been made towards determining the prognosis of a person with MCI who will convert to AD. It is now clear that cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of Aβ40, Aβ42, total tau and phosphorylated tau are useful for predicting the risk of progression from MCI to AD. This review highlights the advantages of the current blood-based biomarkers in MCI, and discusses some of these challenges, with an emphasis on recent studies to provide an overview of the current state of MCI.
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28
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Dong Y, Wang Q, Yao H, Xiao Y, Wei J, Xie P, Hu J, Chen W, Tang Y, Zhou H, Liu J. A promising structural magnetic resonance imaging assessment in patients with preclinical cognitive decline and diabetes mellitus. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:16838-16846. [PMID: 30786010 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) is frequently reported in diabetic patients. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with changes in the microstructure of the brain arise in diabetic patients, including changes in gray matter volume (GMV). However, the underlying mechanisms of changes in GMV in DM patients with cognitive impairment remain uncertain. Here, we present an overview of amyloid-β-dependent cognitive impairment in DM patients with SCD. Moreover, we review the evolving insights from studies on the GMV changes in GMV and cognitive dysfunction to which provide the mechanisms of cognitive impairment in T2DM. Ultimately, the novel structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) protocol was used for detecting neuroimaging biomarkers that can predict the clinical outcomes in diabetic patients with SCD. A reliable MRI protocol would be helpful to detect neurobiomarkers, and to understand the pathological mechanisms of preclinical cognitive impairment in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulan Dong
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Radiology, the Hunan Province Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Hailun Yao
- Institute of Pharmacy and Medical Technology, Hunan Polytechnic of Environment and Biology, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Yawen Xiao
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Jiaohong Wei
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Peihan Xie
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Jun Hu
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Wen Chen
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Yan Tang
- Department of Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China.,Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Jincai Liu
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
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29
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Pappas C, Small BJ, Andel R, Laczó J, Parizkova M, Ondrej L, Hort J. Blood Glucose Levels May Exacerbate Executive Function Deficits in Older Adults with Cognitive Impairment. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 67:81-89. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-180693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Colleen Pappas
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Brent J. Small
- School of Aging Studies, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Ross Andel
- School of Aging Studies, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Laczó
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Neurology, Memory Clinic, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Parizkova
- Department of Neurology, Memory Clinic, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lerch Ondrej
- Department of Neurology, Memory Clinic, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Hort
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Neurology, Memory Clinic, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
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30
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Mizuno A, Ly M, Aizenstein HJ. A Homeostatic Model of Subjective Cognitive Decline. Brain Sci 2018; 8:brainsci8120228. [PMID: 30572628 PMCID: PMC6316074 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci8120228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Subjective Cognitive Decline (SCD) is possibly one of the earliest detectable signs of dementia, but we do not know which mental processes lead to elevated concern. In this narrative review, we will summarize the previous literature on the biomarkers and functional neuroanatomy of SCD. In order to extend upon the prevailing theory of SCD, compensatory hyperactivation, we will introduce a new model: the breakdown of homeostasis in the prediction error minimization system. A cognitive prediction error is a discrepancy between an implicit cognitive prediction and the corresponding outcome. Experiencing frequent prediction errors may be a primary source of elevated subjective concern. Our homeostasis breakdown model provides an explanation for the progression from both normal cognition to SCD and from SCD to advanced dementia stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Mizuno
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| | - Maria Ly
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| | - Howard J Aizenstein
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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31
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Eliassen CF, Reinvang I, Selnes P, Grambaite R, Fladby T, Hessen E. Biomarkers in subtypes of mild cognitive impairment and subjective cognitive decline. Brain Behav 2017; 7:e00776. [PMID: 28948074 PMCID: PMC5607543 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Preclinical Alzheimers disease (AD) patients may or may not show cognitive impairment on testing. AD biomarkers are central to the identification of those at low, intermediate, or high risk of later dementia due to AD. We investigated biomarker distribution in those identified as subjective cognitive decline (SCD), amnestic (aMCI), and nonamnestic (naMCI) mild cognitive impairment (MCI) subtypes. In addition, the clinical groups were compared with controls on downstream neuroimaging markers. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) amyloid-β42 (A β42) and total tau (t-tau), phosphorylated tau (p-tau), fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG), positron-emission tomography (PET), and MRI neuroimaging measures were collected from 116 memory clinic patients. They were characterized as SCD, aMCI, and naMCI according to comprehensive neuropsychological criteria. ANOVAs were used to assess differences when biomarkers were treated as continuous variables and chi square analyses were used to assess group differences in distribution of biomarkers. RESULTS We did not find any between group differences in Aβ42, nor in p-tau, but we observed elevated t-tau in aMCI and SCD relative to the naMCI group. Significantly lower cortical glucose metabolism (as measured by FDG PET) was found in aMCI relative to SCD and controls, and there was a trend for lower metabolism in naMCI. Significant thinner entorhinal cortex (ERC) was found in aMCI and SCD. As expected biomarkers were significantly more frequently pathological in aMCI than in naMCI and SCD, whereas the naMCI and SCD groups displayed similar pathological biomarker burden. CONCLUSIONS aMCI cases show the most pathologic biomarker burden. Interestingly naMCI and SCD subjects show similar levels of pathological biomarkers albeit the former displayed neuropsychological deficits. That the latter group may represent a risk group is supported by our observation of both elevated CSF tau and thinner ERC relative to controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl F Eliassen
- Department of Psychology University of Oslo Oslo Norway.,Department of Neurology Akershus University Hospital Lørenskog Norway
| | - Ivar Reinvang
- Department of Psychology University of Oslo Oslo Norway
| | - Per Selnes
- Department of Neurology Akershus University Hospital Lørenskog Norway
| | - Ramune Grambaite
- Department of Neurology Akershus University Hospital Lørenskog Norway
| | - Tormod Fladby
- Department of Neurology Akershus University Hospital Lørenskog Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine Campus Ahus University of Oslo Oslo Norway
| | - Erik Hessen
- Department of Psychology University of Oslo Oslo Norway.,Department of Neurology Akershus University Hospital Lørenskog Norway
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