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Gooran N, Tan SW, Frey SL, Jackman JA. Unraveling the Biophysical Mechanisms of How Antiviral Detergents Disrupt Supported Lipid Membranes: Toward Replacing Triton X-100. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:6524-6536. [PMID: 38478717 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c00174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Triton X-100 (TX-100) is a membrane-disrupting detergent that is widely used to inactivate membrane-enveloped viral pathogens, yet is being phased out due to environmental safety concerns. Intense efforts are underway to discover regulatory acceptable detergents to replace TX-100, but there is scarce mechanistic understanding about how these other detergents disrupt phospholipid membranes and hence which ones are suitable to replace TX-100 from a biophysical interaction perspective. Herein, using the quartz crystal microbalance-dissipation (QCM-D) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques in combination with supported lipid membrane platforms, we characterized the membrane-disruptive properties of a panel of TX-100 replacement candidates with varying antiviral activities and identified two distinct classes of membrane-interacting detergents with different critical micelle concentration (CMC) dependencies and biophysical mechanisms. While all tested detergents formed micelles, only a subset of the detergents caused CMC-dependent membrane solubilization similarly to that of TX-100, whereas other detergents adsorbed irreversibly to lipid membrane interfaces in a CMC-independent manner. We compared these biophysical results to virus inactivation data, which led us to identify that certain membrane-interaction profiles contribute to greater antiviral activity and such insights can help with the discovery and validation of antiviral detergents to replace TX-100.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negin Gooran
- School of Chemical Engineering and Translational Nanobioscience Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Sue Woon Tan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Translational Nanobioscience Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Shelli L Frey
- School of Chemical Engineering and Translational Nanobioscience Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Gettysburg College, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania 17325, United States
| | - Joshua A Jackman
- School of Chemical Engineering and Translational Nanobioscience Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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2
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Goenaga-Mafud LC, Vollet-Filho JD, Costa C, Inada NM, Netto AS, Kurachi C, Bagnato VS. A proof-of-principle for decontamination of transplantation kidney through UV-C exposition of the perfusate solution. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5715. [PMID: 38459094 PMCID: PMC10923919 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55574-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Kidney transplantation is a common yet highly demanding medical procedure worldwide, enhancing the quality of life for patients with chronic kidney disease. Despite its prevalence, the procedure faces a shortage of available organs, partly due to contamination by microorganisms, leading to significant organ disposal. This study proposes utilizing photonic techniques associated with organ support machines to prevent patient contamination during kidney transplantation. We implemented a decontamination system using ultraviolet-C (UV-C) irradiation on the preservation solution circulating through pigs' kidneys between harvest and implant. UV-C irradiation, alone or combined with ultrasound (US) and Ps80 detergent during ex-vivo swine organ perfusion in a Lifeport® Kidney Transporter machine, aimed to reduce microbiological load in both fluid and organ. Results show rapid fluid decontamination compared to microorganism release from the organ, with notable retention. By including Ps80 detergent at 0.5% during UV-C irradiation 3 log10 (CFU mL-1) of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria previously retained in the organ were successfully removed, indicating the technique's feasibility and effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Goenaga-Mafud
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - J D Vollet-Filho
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - C Costa
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - N M Inada
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - A S Netto
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - C Kurachi
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - V S Bagnato
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
- Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University College of Engineering, College Station, TX, USA
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3
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Tang S, Tao J, Li Y. Challenges and solutions for the downstream purification of therapeutic proteins. Antib Ther 2024; 7:1-12. [PMID: 38235378 PMCID: PMC10791043 DOI: 10.1093/abt/tbad028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The innovation in recombinant protein technology has brought forth a host of challenges related to the purification of these therapeutic proteins. This article delves into the intricate landscape of developing purification processes for artificially designed therapeutic proteins. The key hurdles include controlling protein reduction, protein capture, ensuring stability, eliminating aggregates, removing host cell proteins and optimizing protein recovery. In this review, we outline the purification strategies in order to obtain products of high purity, highlighting the corresponding solutions to circumvent the unique challenges presented by recombinant therapeutic proteins, and exemplify the practical applications by case studies. Finally, a perspective towards future purification process development is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Tang
- GenScript ProBio Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Nanjing, Jiangsu 21100, P.R. China
| | - Jiaoli Tao
- GenScript ProBio Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Nanjing, Jiangsu 21100, P.R. China
| | - Ying Li
- GenScript ProBio Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Nanjing, Jiangsu 21100, P.R. China
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4
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Weber J, Buske J, Mäder K, Garidel P, Diederichs T. Oxidation of polysorbates - An underestimated degradation pathway? Int J Pharm X 2023; 6:100202. [PMID: 37680877 PMCID: PMC10480556 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpx.2023.100202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
To ensure the stability of biologicals over their entire shelf-life, non-ionic surface-active compounds (surfactants) are added to protect biologics from denaturation and particle formation. In this context, polysorbate 20 and 80 are the most used detergents. Despite their benefits of low toxicity and high biocompatibility, specific factors are influencing the intrinsic stability of polysorbates, leading to degradation, loss in efficacy, or even particle formation. Polysorbate degradation can be categorized into chemical or enzymatic hydrolysis and oxidation. Under pharmaceutical relevant conditions, hydrolysis is commonly originated from host cell proteins, whereas oxidative degradation may be caused by multiple factors such as light, presence of residual metal traces, peroxides, or temperature, which can be introduced upon manufacturing or could be already present in the raw materials. In this review, we provide an overview of the current knowledge on polysorbates with a focus on oxidative degradation. Subsequently, degradation products and key characteristics of oxidative-mediated polysorbate degradation in respect of different types and grades are summarized, followed by an extensive comparison between polysorbate 20 and 80. A better understanding of the radical-induced oxidative PS degradation pathway could support specific mitigation strategies. Finally, buffer conditions, various stressors, as well as appropriate mitigation strategies, reagents, and alternative stabilizers are discussed. Prior manufacturing, careful consideration and a meticulous risk-benefit analysis are highly recommended in terms of polysorbate qualities, buffers, storage conditions, as well as mitigation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Weber
- Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biosciences, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Strasse 4, Halle (Saale) 06120, Germany
| | - Julia Buske
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Innovation Unit, TIP, Birkendorfer Straße 65, Biberach an der Riss 88397, Germany
| | - Karsten Mäder
- Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biosciences, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Strasse 4, Halle (Saale) 06120, Germany
| | - Patrick Garidel
- Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biosciences, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Strasse 4, Halle (Saale) 06120, Germany
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Innovation Unit, TIP, Birkendorfer Straße 65, Biberach an der Riss 88397, Germany
| | - Tim Diederichs
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Innovation Unit, TIP, Birkendorfer Straße 65, Biberach an der Riss 88397, Germany
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5
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Chen D, Yun X, Lee D, DiCostanzo JR, Donini O, Shikuma CM, Thompson K, Lehrer AT, Shimoda L, Suk JS. Telmisartan Nanosuspension for Inhaled Therapy of COVID-19 Lung Disease and Other Respiratory Infections. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:750-757. [PMID: 36448927 PMCID: PMC9718101 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Vaccine hesitancy and the occurrence of elusive variants necessitate further treatment options for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Accumulated evidence indicates that clinically used hypertensive drugs, angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), may benefit patients by mitigating disease severity and/or viral propagation. However, current clinical formulations administered orally pose systemic safety concerns and likely require a very high dose to achieve the desired therapeutic window in the lung. To address these limitations, we have developed a nanosuspension formulation of an ARB, entirely based on clinically approved materials, for inhaled treatment of COVID-19. We confirmed in vitro that our formulation exhibits physiological stability, inherent drug activity, and inhibitory effect against SARV-CoV-2 replication. Our formulation also demonstrates excellent lung pharmacokinetics and acceptable tolerability in rodents and/or nonhuman primates following direct administration into the lung. Thus, we are currently pursuing clinical development of our formulation for its uses in patients with COVID-19 or other respiratory infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiqin Chen
- Center for Nanomedicine, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Xin Yun
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Daiheon Lee
- Center for Nanomedicine, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | | | | | - Cecilia M. Shikuma
- Department of Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Karen Thompson
- Department of Pathology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Axel T. Lehrer
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology & Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Larissa Shimoda
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jung Soo Suk
- Center for Nanomedicine, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
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6
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Sirasitthichoke C, Hoang D, Phalak P, Armenante PM, Barnoon BI, Shandil I. Computational prediction of blend time in a large-scale viral inactivation process for monoclonal antibodies biomanufacturing. Biotechnol Bioeng 2023; 120:169-183. [PMID: 36224707 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Viral inactivation (VI) is a process widely used across the pharmaceutical industry to eliminate the cytotoxicity resulting from trace levels of viruses introduced by adventitious agents. This process requires adding Triton X-100, a non-ionic detergent solution, to the protein solution and allowing sufficient time for this agent to inactivate the viruses. Differences in process parameters associated with vessel designs, aeration rate, and many other physical attributes can introduce variability in the process, thus making predicting the required blending time to achieve the desired homogeneity of Triton X-100 more critical and complex. In this study we utilized a CFD model based on the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) to predict the blend time to homogenize a Triton X-100 solution added during a typical full-scale commercial VI process in a vessel equipped with an HE-3-impeller for different modalities of the Triton X-100 addition (batch vs. continuous). Although direct experimental progress of the blending process was not possible because of GMP restrictions, the degree of homogeneity measured at the end of the process confirmed that Triton X-100 was appropriately dispersed, as required, and as computationally predicted here. The results obtained in this study were used to support actual production at the biomanufacturing site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chadakarn Sirasitthichoke
- Department of Manufacturing Science and Technology, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Devens, Massachusetts, USA.,Otto H. York Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Duc Hoang
- Department of Manufacturing Science and Technology, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Devens, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Poonam Phalak
- Department of Manufacturing Science and Technology, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Devens, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Piero M Armenante
- Otto H. York Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Barak I Barnoon
- Department of Manufacturing Science and Technology, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Devens, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ishaan Shandil
- Department of Manufacturing Science and Technology, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Devens, Massachusetts, USA
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7
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Hunter AK, Rezvani K, Aspelund MT, Xi G, Gadre D, Linke T, Cai K, Mulagapati SHR, Witkos T. Identification of compendial nonionic detergents for the replacement of Triton X‐100 in bioprocessing. Biotechnol Prog 2022; 38:e3235. [PMID: 35043591 PMCID: PMC9285696 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alan K. Hunter
- AstraZeneca, Department of Purification Process Sciences One MedImmune Way Gaithersburg MD US
| | - Kamiyar Rezvani
- AstraZeneca, Department of Purification Process Sciences One MedImmune Way Gaithersburg MD US
| | - Matthew T. Aspelund
- AstraZeneca, Department of Purification Process Sciences One MedImmune Way Gaithersburg MD US
| | - Guoling Xi
- AstraZeneca, Department of Purification Process Sciences One MedImmune Way Gaithersburg MD US
| | - Dhanesh Gadre
- AstraZeneca, Department of Purification Process Sciences One MedImmune Way Gaithersburg MD US
| | - Thomas Linke
- AstraZeneca, Department of Purification Process Sciences One MedImmune Way Gaithersburg MD US
| | - Kang Cai
- AstraZeneca, Department of Purification Process Sciences One MedImmune Way Gaithersburg MD US
| | | | - Tomasz Witkos
- AstraZeneca, Department of Analytical Sciences Granta Park Cambridge UK
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8
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Li X, Wang F, Li H, Richardson DD, Roush DJ. The measurement and control of high-risk host cell proteins for polysorbate degradation in biologics formulation. Antib Ther 2022; 5:42-54. [PMID: 35155990 PMCID: PMC8826928 DOI: 10.1093/abt/tbac002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonionic surfactant polysorbates, including PS-80 and PS-20, are commonly used in the formulation of biotherapeutic products for both preventing surface adsorption and acting as stabilizer against protein aggregation. Trace levels of residual host cell proteins (HCPs) with lipase or esterase enzymatic activity have been shown to degrade polysorbates in biologics formulation. The measurement and control of these low abundance, high-risk HCPs for polysorbate degradation are an industry-wide challenge to achieve desired shelf life of biopharmaceuticals in liquid formulation, especially for high-concentration formulation product development. Here, we reviewed the challenges, recent advances, and future opportunities of analytical method development, risk assessment, and control strategies for polysorbate degradation during formulation development with a focus on enzymatic degradation. Continued efforts to advance our understanding of polysorbate degradation in biologics formulation will help develop high-quality medicines for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanwen Li
- Analytical Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
- To whom correspondence should be addressed: Xuanwen Li, Analytical Research & Development Mass Spectrometry, Merck & Co. Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, WPP042A-4015, West Point, PA 19486. Tel: 215-652-1829;
| | - Fengqiang Wang
- Analytical Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Hong Li
- Biologics Process Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Douglas D Richardson
- Analytical Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - David J Roush
- Biologics Process Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
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9
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Supported Lipid Bilayer Platform for Characterizing the Membrane-Disruptive Behaviors of Triton X-100 and Potential Detergent Replacements. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020869. [PMID: 35055053 PMCID: PMC8775805 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Triton X-100 (TX-100) is a widely used detergent to prevent viral contamination of manufactured biologicals and biopharmaceuticals, and acts by disrupting membrane-enveloped virus particles. However, environmental concerns about ecotoxic byproducts are leading to TX-100 phase out and there is an outstanding need to identify functionally equivalent detergents that can potentially replace TX-100. To date, a few detergent candidates have been identified based on viral inactivation studies, while direct mechanistic comparison of TX-100 and potential replacements from a biophysical interaction perspective is warranted. Herein, we employed a supported lipid bilayer (SLB) platform to comparatively evaluate the membrane-disruptive properties of TX-100 and a potential replacement, Simulsol SL 11W (SL-11W), and identified key mechanistic differences in terms of how the two detergents interact with phospholipid membranes. Quartz crystal microbalance-dissipation (QCM-D) measurements revealed that TX-100 was more potent and induced rapid, irreversible, and complete membrane solubilization, whereas SL-11W caused more gradual, reversible membrane budding and did not induce extensive membrane solubilization. The results further demonstrated that TX-100 and SL-11W both exhibit concentration-dependent interaction behaviors and were only active at or above their respective critical micelle concentration (CMC) values. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that TX-100 and SL-11W have distinct membrane-disruptive effects in terms of potency, mechanism of action, and interaction kinetics, and the SLB platform approach can support the development of biophysical assays to efficiently test potential TX-100 replacements.
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10
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Choline dihydrogen phosphate-based deep eutectic solvent: A suitable bioplatform for lipase extraction. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.118525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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