1
|
Flaibam B, da Silva MF, de Mélo AHF, Carvalho PH, Galland F, Pacheco MTB, Goldbeck R. Non-animal protein hydrolysates from agro-industrial wastes: A prospect of alternative inputs for cultured meat. Food Chem 2024; 443:138515. [PMID: 38277934 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
In light of the growing demand for alternative protein sources, laboratory-grown meat has been proposed as a potential solution to the challenges posed by conventional meat production. Cultured meat does not require animal slaughter and uses sustainable production methods, contributing to animal welfare, human health, and environmental sustainability. However, some challenges still need to be addressed in cultured meat production, such as the use of fetal bovine serum for medium supplementation. This ingredient has limited availability, increases production costs, and raises ethical concerns. This review explores the potential of non-animal protein hydrolysates derived from agro-industrial wastes as substitutes for critical components of fetal bovine serum in cultured meat production. Despite the lack of standardization of hydrolysate composition, the potential benefits of this alternative protein source may outweigh its disadvantages. Future research holds promise for increasing the accessibility of cultured meat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Flaibam
- Bioprocess and Metabolic Engineering Laboratory, Department of Food Engineering and Technology, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80, Campinas, SP 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Marcos F da Silva
- Bioprocess and Metabolic Engineering Laboratory, Department of Food Engineering and Technology, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80, Campinas, SP 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Allan H Félix de Mélo
- Bioprocess and Metabolic Engineering Laboratory, Department of Food Engineering and Technology, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80, Campinas, SP 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Priscila Hoffmann Carvalho
- Bioprocess and Metabolic Engineering Laboratory, Department of Food Engineering and Technology, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80, Campinas, SP 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Galland
- Institute of Food Technology (ITAL), Avenida Brasil, 2880, PO Box 139, Campinas, SP 13070-178, Brazil
| | | | - Rosana Goldbeck
- Bioprocess and Metabolic Engineering Laboratory, Department of Food Engineering and Technology, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80, Campinas, SP 13083-862, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Musgrove L, Russell FD, Ventura T. Considerations for cultivated crustacean meat: potential cell sources, potential differentiation and immortalization strategies, and lessons from crustacean and other animal models. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024:1-25. [PMID: 38733287 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2024.2342480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Cultivated crustacean meat (CCM) is a means to create highly valued shrimp, lobster, and crab products directly from stem cells, thus removing the need to farm or fish live animals. Conventional crustacean enterprises face increasing pressures in managing overfishing, pollution, and the warming climate, so CCM may provide a way to ensure sufficient supply as global demand for these products grows. To support the development of CCM, this review briefly details crustacean cell culture work to date, before addressing what is presently known about crustacean muscle development, particularly the molecular mechanisms involved, and how this might relate to recent work on cultivated meat production in vertebrate species. Recognizing the current lack of cell lines available to establish CCM cultures, we also consider primary stem cell sources that can be obtained non-lethally including tissues from limbs which are readily released and regrown, and putative stem cells in circulating hemolymph. Molecular approaches to inducing myogenic differentiation and immortalization of putative stem cells are also reviewed. Finally, we assess the current status of tools available to CCM researchers, particularly antibodies, and propose avenues to address existing shortfalls in order to see the field progress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Musgrove
- Centre for Bioinnovation, University of the Sunshine Coast (UniSC), Maroochydore, QLD, Australia
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast (UniSC), Maroochydore, QLD, Australia
| | - Fraser D Russell
- Centre for Bioinnovation, University of the Sunshine Coast (UniSC), Maroochydore, QLD, Australia
- School of Health, University of the Sunshine Coast (UniSC), Maroochydore, QLD, Australia
| | - Tomer Ventura
- Centre for Bioinnovation, University of the Sunshine Coast (UniSC), Maroochydore, QLD, Australia
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast (UniSC), Maroochydore, QLD, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kang KM, Lee DB, Kim HY. Industrial Research and Development on the Production Process and Quality of Cultured Meat Hold Significant Value: A Review. Food Sci Anim Resour 2024; 44:499-514. [PMID: 38765282 PMCID: PMC11097020 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2024.e20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Cultured meat has been gaining popularity as a solution to the increasing problem of food insecurity. Although research on cultured meat started later compared to other alternative meats, the industry is growing rapidly every year, with developed products evaluated as being most similar to conventional meat. Studies on cultured meat production techniques, such as culturing new animal cells and developing medium sera and scaffolds, are being conducted intensively and diversely. However, active in-depth research on the quality characteristics of cultured meat, including studies on the sensory and storage properties that directly influence consumer preferences, is still lacking. Additionally, studies on the combination or ratio of fat cells to muscle cells and on the improvement of microbiota, protein degradation, and fatty acid degradation remain to be conducted. By actively investigating these research topics, we aim to verify the quality and safety of cultured meats, ultimately improving the consumer preference for cultured meat products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyu-Min Kang
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Kongju National University, Yesan 32439, Korea
| | - Dong Bae Lee
- School of Languages and Cultures, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Hack-Youn Kim
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Kongju National University, Yesan 32439, Korea
- Resource Science Research Institute, Kongju National University, Yesan 32439, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Dong N, Jiang B, Chang Y, Wang Y, Xue C. Integrated Omics Approach: Revealing the Mechanism of Auxenochlorella pyrenoidosa Protein Extract Replacing Fetal Bovine Serum for Fish Muscle Cell Culture. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:6064-6076. [PMID: 38465450 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c00624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
The process of producing cell-cultured meat involves utilizing a significant amount of culture medium, including fetal bovine serum (FBS), which represents a considerable portion of production expense while also raising environmental and safety concerns. This study demonstrated that supplementation with Auxenochlorella pyrenoidosa protein extract (APE) under low-serum conditions substantially increased Carassius auratus muscle (CAM) cell proliferation and heightened the expression of Myf5 compared to the absence of APE. An integrated intracellular metabolomics and proteomics analysis revealed a total of 13 and 67 differentially expressed metabolites and proteins, respectively, after supplementation with APE in the medium containing 5%FBS, modulating specific metabolism and signaling pathways, which explained the application of APE for passage cell culture under low-serum conditions. Further analysis revealed that the bioactive factors in the APE were protein components. Moreover, CAM cells cultured in reconstructed serum-free media containing APE, l-ascorbic acid, insulin, transferrin, selenium, and ethanolamine exhibited significantly accelerated growth in a scale-up culture. These findings suggest a promising alternative to FBS for fish muscle cell culture that can help reduce production costs and environmental impact in the production of cultured meat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266404, China
| | - Bingxue Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266404, China
| | - Yaoguang Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266404, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yanchao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266404, China
| | - Changhu Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266404, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ghosh J, Akiyama Y, Haraguchi Y, Yamanaka K, Asahi T, Nakao Y, Shimizu T. Proliferation of mammalian cells with Chlorococcum littorale algal compounds without serum support. Biotechnol Prog 2024; 40:e3402. [PMID: 37904720 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, serum-free medium for mammalian cell cultivation has attracted a lot of attention, considering the high cost of production and environmental load involved in developing the conventional animal sera. The use of alternative growth-promoting products in mammalian cell cultivation such as extracts from microalgae has proven to be quite beneficial and environmental-friendly. This research aims to cultivate mammalian cells with growth-promoting factors derived from Chlorococcum littorale. We have established a simple extraction using the ultrasonication method and applied the extract in place of serum on mammalian C2C12 cell lines, 3T3 cell lines, and CHO cell lines to compare and analyze the effectiveness of the extract. Cell passage was conducted in a suspended culture condition with the addition of the extract. The results indicate that the extract from microalgae shows a high proliferation rate in all cell lines without fetal bovine serum. Moreover, it is eco-friendly and has huge potential to replace the traditional cell culture system. It could be applied in the fields of regenerative medicine, gene/cell therapies, as well as cultured meat production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jayeesha Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, TWIns, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshikatsu Akiyama
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, TWIns, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuji Haraguchi
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, TWIns, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kumiko Yamanaka
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, TWIns, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toru Asahi
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoichi Nakao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Shimizu
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, TWIns, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ghosh J, Haraguchi Y, Asahi T, Nakao Y, Shimizu T. Muscle cell proliferation using water-soluble extract from nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 for sustainable cultured meat production. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 682:316-324. [PMID: 37837752 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Muscle cell cultivation, specifically the culture of artificial meat from livestock-derived cells in serum-free media is an emerging technology and has attracted much attention. However, till now, the high cost of production and environmental load have been significant deterrents. This study aims to provide an alternate growth-promoting substance that is free from animal derivatives and lowers nitrogen pollution. We have extracted water-soluble compounds from the filamentous nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 by the ultrasonication method. The heat-inactivated and molecular weight separation experiments were conducted to identify the bioactive compound present in the extract. Finally, the compounds soluble in water (CW) containing the water-soluble pigment protein, phycocyanin as a bioactive compound, was added as a growth supplement to cultivate muscle cells such as C2C12 muscle cells and quail muscle clone 7 (QM7) cells to analyze the effectiveness of the extract. The results indicated that CW had a positive role in muscle cell proliferation. A three-dimensional (3-D) cell-dense structure was fabricated by culturing QM7 cells using the extract. Furthermore, the nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterial extract has vast potential for cultured meat production without animal sera in the near future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jayeesha Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan; Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, TWIns, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuji Haraguchi
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, TWIns, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toru Asahi
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoichi Nakao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Shimizu
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, TWIns, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Gomez Romero S, Boyle N. Systems biology and metabolic modeling for cultivated meat: A promising approach for cell culture media optimization and cost reduction. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2023; 22:3422-3443. [PMID: 37306528 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The cultivated meat industry, also known as cell-based meat, cultured meat, lab-grown meat, or meat alternatives, is a growing field that aims to generate animal tissues ex-vivo in a cost-effective manner that achieves price parity with traditional agricultural products. However, cell culture media costs account for 55%-90% of production costs. To address this issue, efforts are aimed at optimizing media composition. Systems biology-driven approaches have been successfully used to improve the biomass and productivity of multiple bioproduction platforms, like Chinese hamster ovary cells, by accelerating the development of cell line-specific media and reducing research and development and production costs related to cell media and its optimization. In this review, we summarize systems biology modeling approaches, methods for cell culture media and bioprocess optimization, and metabolic studies done in animals of interest to the cultivated meat industry. More importantly, we identify current gaps in knowledge that prevent the identification of metabolic bottlenecks. These include the lack of genome-scale metabolic models for some species (pigs and ducks), a lack of accurate biomass composition studies for different growth conditions, and 13 C-metabolic flux analysis (MFA) studies for many of the species of interest for the cultivated meat industry (only shrimp and duck cells have been subjected to 13 C-MFA). We also highlight the importance of characterizing the metabolic requirements of cells at the organism, breed, and cell line-specific levels, and we outline future steps that this nascent field needs to take to achieve price parity and production efficiency similar to those of other bioproduction platforms. Practical Application: Our article summarizes systems biology techniques for cell culture media design and bioprocess optimization, which may be used to significantly reduce cell-based meat production costs. We also present the results of experimental studies done on some of the species of interest to the cultivated meat industry and highlight why modeling approaches are required for multiple species, cell-types, and cell lines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Gomez Romero
- Quantitative Biosciences and Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, USA
| | - Nanette Boyle
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Haraguchi Y, Kato Y, Inabe K, Kondo A, Hasunuma T, Shimizu T. Circular cell culture for sustainable food production using recombinant lactate-assimilating cyanobacteria that supplies pyruvate and amino acids. Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:266. [PMID: 37328623 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03607-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Recently, we reported a circular cell culture (CCC) system using microalgae and animal muscle cells for sustainable culture food production. However, lactate accumulation excreted by animal cells in the system characterized by medium reuse was a huge problem. To solve the problem, as an advanced CCC, we used a lactate-assimilating cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002, using gene-recombination technology that synthesises pyruvate from lactate. We found that the cyanobacteria and animal cells mutually exchanged substances via their waste media: (i) cyanobacteria used lactate and ammonia excreted by animal muscle cells, and (ii) the animal cells used pyruvate and some amino acids excreted by the cyanobacteria. Because of this, animal muscle C2C12 cells were amplified efficiently without animal serum in cyanobacterial culture waste medium in two cycles (first cycle: 3.6-fold; second cycle: 3.9-fold/three days-cultivation) using the same reuse medium. We believe that this advanced CCC system will solve the problem of lactate accumulation in cell culture and lead to efficient cultured food production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Haraguchi
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, TWIns, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-Cho, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan.
| | - Yuichi Kato
- Engineering Biology Research Center, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Kosuke Inabe
- Engineering Biology Research Center, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Akihiko Kondo
- Engineering Biology Research Center, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Hasunuma
- Engineering Biology Research Center, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Shimizu
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, TWIns, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-Cho, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kato Y, Inabe K, Haraguchi Y, Shimizu T, Kondo A, Hasunuma T. L-Lactate treatment by photosynthetic cyanobacteria expressing heterogeneous L-lactate dehydrogenase. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7249. [PMID: 37142758 PMCID: PMC10160077 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34289-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
L-Lactate is a major waste compound in cultured animal cells. To develop a sustainable animal cell culture system, we aimed to study the consumption of L-lactate using a photosynthetic microorganism. As genes involved in L-lactate utilization were not found in most cyanobacteria and microalgae, we introduced the NAD-independent L-lactate dehydrogenase gene from Escherichia coli (lldD) into Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002. The lldD-expressing strain consumed L-lactate added to basal medium. This consumption was accelerated by expression of a lactate permease gene from E. coli (lldP) and an increase in culture temperature. Intracellular levels of acetyl-CoA, citrate, 2-oxoglutarate, succinate, and malate, and extracellular levels of 2-oxoglutarate, succinate, and malate, increased during L-lactate utilization, suggesting that the metabolic flux from L-lactate was distributed toward the tricarboxylic acid cycle. This study provides a perspective on L-lactate treatment by photosynthetic microorganisms, which would increase the feasibility of animal cell culture industries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Kato
- Engineering Biology Research Center, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Kosuke Inabe
- Engineering Biology Research Center, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Yuji Haraguchi
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, TWIns, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Shimizu
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, TWIns, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
| | - Akihiko Kondo
- Engineering Biology Research Center, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Hasunuma
- Engineering Biology Research Center, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan.
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Defendi-Cho G, Gould TM. In vitro culture of bovine fibroblasts using select serum-free media supplemented with Chlorella vulgaris extract. BMC Biotechnol 2023; 23:4. [PMID: 36755248 PMCID: PMC9909908 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-023-00774-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Standard cell culture practices require the addition of animal-derived serum to culture media to achieve adequate cell growth. Typically, 5-10% by volume of fetal bovine serum (FBS) is used, which accounts for a vast majority of the media cost while also imposing environmental and ethical concerns associated with the use of animal serum. Here we tested the efficacy of culturing cells by replacing serum in the media with algae extract and select additives. Using LC-MS, we compared molecular signatures of FBS to Chlorella algae extracts and identified NAD(H)/NADP(H) as common and relatively abundant features in their characteristic profiles. Bovine fibroblasts, cultured in serum-free media supplemented with C. vulgaris extract and just two growth factors plus insulin, showed significant growth with enhanced viability compared to control cells cultured without serum, albeit still lower than that of controls cultured with 10% FBS. Moreover, C. vulgaris extract enhanced cell viability beyond that of cells cultured with the two growth factors and insulin alone. These results suggest that key components in serum which are essential for cell growth may also be present in C. vulgaris extract, demonstrating that it may be used at least as a partial alternative to serum for cell culture applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Galileo Defendi-Cho
- grid.254544.60000 0001 0657 7781Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Colorado College, Colorado Springs, CO USA
| | - Timothy M. Gould
- grid.254544.60000 0001 0657 7781Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Colorado College, Colorado Springs, CO USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Auxenochlorella pyrenoidosa extract supplementation replacing fetal bovine serum for Carassius auratus muscle cell culture under low-serum conditions. Food Res Int 2023; 164:112438. [PMID: 36738005 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.112438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Cultured meat production requires large-scale cell proliferation in vitro with the supplementation of necessary media especially serum. This study investigated the capacity of Auxenochlorella pyrenoidosa extract (APE) to replace fetal bovine serum (FBS) for cell culture under low-serum conditions using Carassius auratus muscle (CAM) cells. Supplementation with APE and 5% FBS in the culture media significantly promoted the proliferation of CAM cells and increased the expression of MyoD in cells compared to that with 5% FBS through cell counting kit-8 and immunofluorescence staining assay. In addition, CAM cells in the media containing 5% FBS and APE could be continually cultured for 4 passages, and the cell number was 1.58 times higher than the counterpart without APE in long-term culture. Moreover, supplementation with APE realized large-scale culture on microcarriers under low-serum conditions, and more adherent cells were observed on microcarriers in 2% FBS supplemented with APE, compared with those in 2% FBS and 10% FBS without APE. These findings highlighted a potentially promising application of APE in muscle cell culture under low-serum conditions for cultured meat production.
Collapse
|
12
|
Yamanaka K, Haraguchi Y, Takahashi H, Kawashima I, Shimizu T. Development of serum-free and grain-derived-nutrient-free medium using microalga-derived nutrients and mammalian cell-secreted growth factors for sustainable cultured meat production. Sci Rep 2023; 13:498. [PMID: 36627406 PMCID: PMC9832167 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-27629-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Considering the amount of global resources and energy consumed, and animal welfare issues associated with traditional meat production, cultured meat production has been proposed as a solution to these problems and is attracting worldwide attention. Cultured meat is produced by culturing/proliferating animal muscle cells in vitro. This process requires significant amounts of culture medium, which accounts to a major portion of the production cost. Furthermore, it is composed of nutrients derived from grains and heterotrophic microorganisms and fetal bovine serum (FBS), which will impact the sustainability of cultured meat in future. Here, we developed a novel medium containing nutrients extracted from microalga and cell-secreted growth factors. First, rat liver epithelial RL34 cells were cultured by adding Chlorella vulgaris extract (CVE) to inorganic salt solution. The supernatant, containing the RL34 cell-secreted growth factors, was used as the conditioned medium (CM). This CM, with CVE added as a nutrient source, was applied to primary bovine myoblast cultures. This serum-free and grain-derived-nutrient-free medium promoted the proliferation of bovine myoblasts, the main cell source for cultured beef. Our findings will allow us to take a major step toward reducing production costs and environmental impacts, leading to an expansion of the cultured meat market.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kumiko Yamanaka
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
| | - Yuji Haraguchi
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
| | - Hironobu Takahashi
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
| | - Ikko Kawashima
- IntegriCulture Inc., The Advanced Technology Research Laboratory, Tokyo Women's Medical University, TWIns N101, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Shimizu
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Sugii S, Wong CYQ, Lwin AKO, Chew LJM. Alternative fat: redefining adipocytes for biomanufacturing cultivated meat. Trends Biotechnol 2022; 41:686-700. [PMID: 36117023 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2022.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Cellular agriculture provides a potentially sustainable way of producing cultivated meat as an alternative protein source. In addition to muscle and connective tissue, fat is an important component of animal meat that contributes to taste, texture, tenderness, and nutritional profiles. However, while the biology of fat cells (adipocytes) is well studied, there is a lack of investigation on how adipocytes from agricultural species are isolated, produced, and incorporated as food constituents. Recently we compiled all protocols related to generation and analysis of adipose progenitors from bovine, porcine, chicken, other livestock and seafood species. In this review we summarize recent developments and present key scientific questions and challenges that need to be addressed in order to advance the biomanufacture of 'alternative fat'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shigeki Sugii
- Bioengineering Systems Division, Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging (IBB), A*STAR, 31 Biopolis Way #07-01, Singapore 138669; Current address: Cell Biology and Therapies Division, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR, 61 Biopolis Drive #07-04 Proteos, Singapore 138673; Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857.
| | - Cheryl Yeh Qi Wong
- Bioengineering Systems Division, Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging (IBB), A*STAR, 31 Biopolis Way #07-01, Singapore 138669; Current address: Cell Biology and Therapies Division, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR, 61 Biopolis Drive #07-04 Proteos, Singapore 138673
| | - Angela Khin Oo Lwin
- Bioengineering Systems Division, Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging (IBB), A*STAR, 31 Biopolis Way #07-01, Singapore 138669; Current address: Cell Biology and Therapies Division, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR, 61 Biopolis Drive #07-04 Proteos, Singapore 138673
| | - Lamony Jian Ming Chew
- Bioengineering Systems Division, Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging (IBB), A*STAR, 31 Biopolis Way #07-01, Singapore 138669; Current address: Cell Biology and Therapies Division, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR, 61 Biopolis Drive #07-04 Proteos, Singapore 138673
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Haraguchi Y, Okamoto Y, Shimizu T. A circular cell culture system using microalgae and mammalian myoblasts for the production of sustainable cultured meat. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:615. [PMID: 36094577 PMCID: PMC9465669 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-03234-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
For sustainable production of cultured meat, we propose a novel circular cell culture (CCC) system in which microalgae are used as nutrient supply for the mammalian cell culture and as a waste-medium recycler. Chlorococcum littorale, RL34 hepatocytes, and C2C12 myoblasts were used as cell sources for microalgae, growth factor-producing cells, and muscle cells, respectively. In the first cycle, C2C12 cells were amplified 4.0-fold after 48 h of culture in an RL34 cell-conditioned medium. In the second cycle, C2C12 cells were cultured in the C. littorale culture waste medium to which the C. littorale-derived nutrients were added. The proliferation rates of C. littorale and C2C12 and the nutrient extraction efficiency from C. littorale were the same in the first and second cycles. Therefore, this CCC system, which works without additional grain-derived nutrients and animal sera, will help drastically reduce environmental load, resource/energy consumption, and costs in future cultured meat production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Haraguchi
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, TWIns, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan.
| | - Yuta Okamoto
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, TWIns, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
- Department of Life Science & Medical Bioscience, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Shimizu
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, TWIns, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Lee DY, Lee SY, Yun SH, Jeong JW, Kim JH, Kim HW, Choi JS, Kim GD, Joo ST, Choi I, Hur SJ. Review of the Current Research on Fetal Bovine Serum and the
Development of Cultured Meat. Food Sci Anim Resour 2022; 42:775-799. [PMID: 36133630 PMCID: PMC9478980 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2022.e46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to summarize studies that investigate blood and the
main components of fetal bovine serum (FBS) in vertebrates, including major
livestock, and review the current research on commercializing cultured meat.
Detailed research on FBS is still lacking; however, some studies have shown that
FBS consists of proteins, carbohydrates, growth factors, cytokines, fats,
vitamins, minerals, hormones, non-protein nitrogen, and inorganic compounds.
However, there are few studies on how the composition of FBS differs from blood
or serum composition in adult animals, which is probably one of the main reasons
for not successfully replacing FBS. Moreover, recent studies on the development
of FBS replacers and serum-free media have shown that it is difficult to
conclude whether FBS has been completely replaced or serum-free media have been
developed successfully. Our review of the industrialization of cultured meat
reveals that many basic studies on the development of cultured meat have been
conducted, but it is assumed that the study to reduce or replace ingredients
derived from fetuses such as FBS has not yet been actively developed. Therefore,
developing inexpensive and edible media is necessary for the successful
industrialization of cultured meat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Da Young Lee
- Department of Animal Science and
Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
| | - Seung Yun Lee
- Department of Animal Science and
Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
| | - Seung Hyeon Yun
- Department of Animal Science and
Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
| | - Jae Won Jeong
- Department of Animal Science and
Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
| | - Jae Hyeon Kim
- Department of Animal Science and
Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
| | - Hyun Woo Kim
- Department of Animal Science and
Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
| | - Jung Seok Choi
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk
National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Gap-Don Kim
- Graduate School of International
Agricultural Technology, Institutes of Green Bio Science and Technology,
Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Korea
| | - Seon Tea Joo
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21
Four), Institute of Agriculture & Life Science, Gyeongsang National
University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Inho Choi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology,
Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
| | - Sun Jin Hur
- Department of Animal Science and
Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
- Corresponding author: Sun Jin
Hur, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong
17546, Korea, Tel: +82-31-670-4673, Fax: +82-31-670-3108, E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
|
17
|
Knežić T, Janjušević L, Djisalov M, Yodmuang S, Gadjanski I. Using Vertebrate Stem and Progenitor Cells for Cellular Agriculture, State-of-the-Art, Challenges, and Future Perspectives. Biomolecules 2022; 12:699. [PMID: 35625626 PMCID: PMC9138761 DOI: 10.3390/biom12050699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Global food systems are under significant pressure to provide enough food, particularly protein-rich foods whose demand is on the rise in times of crisis and inflation, as presently existing due to post-COVID-19 pandemic effects and ongoing conflict in Ukraine and resulting in looming food insecurity, according to FAO. Cultivated meat (CM) and cultivated seafood (CS) are protein-rich alternatives for traditional meat and fish that are obtained via cellular agriculture (CA) i.e., tissue engineering for food applications. Stem and progenitor cells are the building blocks and starting point for any CA bioprocess. This review presents CA-relevant vertebrate cell types and procedures needed for their myogenic and adipogenic differentiation since muscle and fat tissue are the primary target tissues for CM/CS production. The review also describes existing challenges, such as a need for immortalized cell lines, or physical and biochemical parameters needed for enhanced meat/fat culture efficiency and ways to address them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teodora Knežić
- Center for Biosystems, BioSense Institute, University of Novi Sad, Dr. Zorana Djindjica 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (T.K.); (L.J.); (M.D.)
| | - Ljiljana Janjušević
- Center for Biosystems, BioSense Institute, University of Novi Sad, Dr. Zorana Djindjica 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (T.K.); (L.J.); (M.D.)
| | - Mila Djisalov
- Center for Biosystems, BioSense Institute, University of Novi Sad, Dr. Zorana Djindjica 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (T.K.); (L.J.); (M.D.)
| | - Supansa Yodmuang
- Research Affairs, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, 1873 Rama 4 Rd, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
| | - Ivana Gadjanski
- Center for Biosystems, BioSense Institute, University of Novi Sad, Dr. Zorana Djindjica 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (T.K.); (L.J.); (M.D.)
| |
Collapse
|