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Zahmanova G, Aljabali AAA, Takova K, Minkov G, Tambuwala MM, Minkov I, Lomonossoff GP. Green Biologics: Harnessing the Power of Plants to Produce Pharmaceuticals. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17575. [PMID: 38139405 PMCID: PMC10743837 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants are increasingly used for the production of high-quality biological molecules for use as pharmaceuticals and biomaterials in industry. Plants have proved that they can produce life-saving therapeutic proteins (Elelyso™-Gaucher's disease treatment, ZMapp™-anti-Ebola monoclonal antibodies, seasonal flu vaccine, Covifenz™-SARS-CoV-2 virus-like particle vaccine); however, some of these therapeutic proteins are difficult to bring to market, which leads to serious difficulties for the manufacturing companies. The closure of one of the leading companies in the sector (the Canadian biotech company Medicago Inc., producer of Covifenz) as a result of the withdrawal of investments from the parent company has led to the serious question: What is hindering the exploitation of plant-made biologics to improve health outcomes? Exploring the vast potential of plants as biological factories, this review provides an updated perspective on plant-derived biologics (PDB). A key focus is placed on the advancements in plant-based expression systems and highlighting cutting-edge technologies that streamline the production of complex protein-based biologics. The versatility of plant-derived biologics across diverse fields, such as human and animal health, industry, and agriculture, is emphasized. This review also meticulously examines regulatory considerations specific to plant-derived biologics, shedding light on the disparities faced compared to biologics produced in other systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gergana Zahmanova
- Department of Plant Physiology and Molecular Biology, University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (K.T.)
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Alaa A. A. Aljabali
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yarmouk University, Irbid 21163, Jordan;
| | - Katerina Takova
- Department of Plant Physiology and Molecular Biology, University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (K.T.)
| | - George Minkov
- Department of Plant Physiology and Molecular Biology, University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (K.T.)
| | - Murtaza M. Tambuwala
- Lincoln Medical School, University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool Campus, Lincoln LN6 7TS, UK;
| | - Ivan Minkov
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnologies, 4108 Markovo, Bulgaria
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Improving Protein Quantity and Quality—The Next Level of Plant Molecular Farming. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031326. [PMID: 35163249 PMCID: PMC8836236 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants offer several unique advantages in the production of recombinant pharmaceuticals for humans and animals. Although numerous recombinant proteins have been expressed in plants, only a small fraction have been successfully put into use. The hugely distinct expression systems between plant and animal cells frequently cause insufficient yield of the recombinant proteins with poor or undesired activity. To overcome the issues that greatly constrain the development of plant-produced pharmaceuticals, great efforts have been made to improve expression systems and develop alternative strategies to increase both the quantity and quality of the recombinant proteins. Recent technological revolutions, such as targeted genome editing, deconstructed vectors, virus-like particles, and humanized glycosylation, have led to great advances in plant molecular farming to meet the industrial manufacturing and clinical application standards. In this review, we discuss the technological advances made in various plant expression platforms, with special focus on the upstream designs and milestone achievements in improving the yield and glycosylation of the plant-produced pharmaceutical proteins.
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Genome-wide characterization of the NUCLEAR FACTOR-Y (NF-Y) family in Citrus grandis identified CgNF-YB9 involved in the fructose and glucose accumulation. Genes Genomics 2019; 41:1341-1355. [PMID: 31468348 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-019-00862-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nuclear factor Y (NF-Y) is increasingly known to be involved in many aspects of plant growth and development. To date, the systematic characterization of NF-Y family has never been reported in Citrus grandis. OBJECTIVE Genome-wide characterization of C. grandis NF-Y (CgNF-Y) family and analysis of their role in sucrose metabolism. METHODS NF-Y conserved models were employed to identify CgNF-Y genes from genomic data. Phylogenetic tree was generated by the neighbor-joining method using program MEGA 7.0. Based on our previous transcriptomic data, the transcription levels were calculated by RSEM software and were clustered by ShortTime-series Expression Miner. The plant expression vector of CgNF-YB9 was constructed using In-Fusion Cloning and transferred into tobacco by leaf disc transformation method. Soluble sugars and gene expressions were analysis by HPLC and qRT-PCR, respectively. RESULTS A total of 24 CgNF-Y genes (6 CgNF-YAs, 13 CgNF-YBs and 5 CgNF-YCs) were identified with conserved domains. Phylogenetic analysis of the NF-Y proteins indicated that NF-YA, NF-YB and NF-YC could be categorized into four, five and three clades, respectively. Expression profiling analysis reflected spatio-temporally distinct expression patterns for CgNF-Y genes. Importantly, we observed a positive correlation between the expression level of CgNF-YB9 and the content of soluble sugar. Moreover, CgNF-YB9-corelated genes were enriched in carbohydrate metabolism. In CgNF-YB9 overexpression lines, sucrose content showed a decrease, whereas glucose and fructose contents displayed an increase. As expected, the transcription levels of sucrose-phosphate synthase and vacuolar invertase in transgenic Line 3 were observed with significantly down- and up-regulated, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The structure, phylogenetic relationship and expression pattern of 24 CgNF-Y genes were identified, and CgNF-YB9 was involved in sucrose metabolism.
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Deng S, Mai Y, Shui L, Niu J. WRINKLED1 transcription factor orchestrates the regulation of carbon partitioning for C18:1 (oleic acid) accumulation in Siberian apricot kernel. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2693. [PMID: 30804440 PMCID: PMC6389899 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39236-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
WRINKLED1 (WRI1), an APETALA2 (AP2)-type transcription factor, has been shown to be required for the regulation of carbon partitioning into fatty acid (FA) synthesis in plant seeds. To our knowledge, the regulatory network of WRI1 remains unknown in Prunus sibirica kernel (PSK), a novel woody biodiesel feedstock in China. In this study, based on the transcriptional data from developing oilseeds of multiple plant species, we identified 161 WRI1-coexpressed genes using weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). The major portion of WRI1-coexpressed genes was characterized to be involved in carbon partitioning and FA biosynthesis. Additionally, we detected the temporal patterns for oil content and FA compositions in developing PSK from two different germplasms (AS-85 and AS-86). The major differences between the two germplasms are higher contents of oil and C18:1 in AS-85 than in AS-86 at a mature stage. Thus, AS-85 and AS-86 are desirable materials to explore the molecular and metabolic mechanisms of oil accumulation in Siberian apricot. Expression analysis in developing PSK of AS-85 and AS-86 indicated that the expression level of P. sibirica WRI1 (PsWRI1) was closely correlated to accumulative rate of oil. Also, the comparison of expression profiles in developing PSK of AS-85 and AS-86 displayed that the pPK, E1-α, E2, TAL, BC, MCMT, BS, SAD and FAD2 have a high correlation with PsWRI1. Transient expression showed that ProSAD- and ProBS-driving GUS expression showed no substantial difference between AS-85 and AS-86, while the expression level of ProPEPCK-AS-85 driving GUS was significantly higher than that of ProPEPCK-AS-86 driving GUS. Additionally, transient co-transformation with PsWRI1 revealed that ProSAD, ProPEPCK and ProBS activity could be specifically up-regulated by PsWRI1. This regulatory mechanism of PsWRI1 may create a steep concentration difference, thereby facilitating carbon flux into C18:1 accumulation in developing PSK. Overall, all our findings imply a versatile mechanism of WRI1 to optimize carbon allocation for oil accumulation, which can provide reference for researching the woody biodiesel plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuya Deng
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China
| | - Yiting Mai
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China
| | - Lanya Shui
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China
| | - Jun Niu
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China.
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Bally J, Jung H, Mortimer C, Naim F, Philips JG, Hellens R, Bombarely A, Goodin MM, Waterhouse PM. The Rise and Rise of Nicotiana benthamiana: A Plant for All Reasons. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2018; 56:405-426. [PMID: 30149789 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-phyto-080417-050141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
A decade ago, the value of Nicotiana benthamiana as a tool for plant molecular biologists was beginning to be appreciated. Scientists were using it to study plant-microbe and protein-protein interactions, and it was the species of choice with which to activate plasmid-encoded viruses, screen for gene functions with virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS), and transiently express genes by leaf agroinfiltration. However, little information about the species' origin, diversity, genetics, and genomics was available, and biologists were asking the question of whether N. benthamiana is a second fiddle or virtuoso. In this review, we look at the increased knowledge about the species and its applications over the past decade. Although N. benthamiana may still be the sidekick to Arabidopsis, it shines ever more brightly with realized and yet-to-be-exploited potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Bally
- Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities, Queensland University of Technology, 4001 Brisbane, Queensland, Australia;
| | - Hyungtaek Jung
- Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities, Queensland University of Technology, 4001 Brisbane, Queensland, Australia;
| | - Cara Mortimer
- Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities, Queensland University of Technology, 4001 Brisbane, Queensland, Australia;
| | - Fatima Naim
- Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities, Queensland University of Technology, 4001 Brisbane, Queensland, Australia;
| | - Joshua G Philips
- Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities, Queensland University of Technology, 4001 Brisbane, Queensland, Australia;
| | - Roger Hellens
- Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities, Queensland University of Technology, 4001 Brisbane, Queensland, Australia;
| | - Aureliano Bombarely
- Department of Horticulture, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061-0002, USA
| | - Michael M Goodin
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546, USA;
| | - Peter M Waterhouse
- Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities, Queensland University of Technology, 4001 Brisbane, Queensland, Australia;
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Sukenik SC, Karuppanan K, Li Q, Lebrilla CB, Nandi S, McDonald KA. Transient Recombinant Protein Production in Glycoengineered Nicotiana benthamiana Cell Suspension Culture. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E1205. [PMID: 29659495 PMCID: PMC5979281 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient recombinant protein production is a promising alternative to stable transgenic systems, particularly for emergency situations in which rapid production of novel therapeutics is needed. In plants, Agrobacterium tumefaciens can be used as a gene delivery vector for transient expression. A potential barrier for plant-based production of human therapeutics is that different glycosylation patterns are found on plant and mammalian proteins. Since glycosylation can affect the efficacy, safety and stability of a therapeutic protein, methods to control glycan structures and distributions in plant-based systems would be beneficial. In these studies, we performed Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression in glycoengineered plant cell suspension cultures. To reduce the presence of plant-specific glycans on the product, we generated and characterized cell suspension cultures from β-1,2-xylosyltransferase and α-1,3-fucosyltransferase knockdown Nicotiana benthamiana. An anthrax decoy fusion protein was transiently produced in these glycoengineered plant cell suspension cultures through co-culture with genetically engineered Agrobacterium. The mass ratio of Agrobacterium to plant cells used was shown to impact recombinant protein expression levels. N-glycosylation analysis on the anthrax decoy fusion protein produced in glycoengineered N. benthamiana showed a dramatic reduction in plant-specific N-glycans. Overall, the results presented here demonstrate the feasibility of a simple, rapid and scalable process for transient production of recombinant proteins without plant-specific glycans in a glycoengineered plant cell culture host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara C Sukenik
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Kalimuthu Karuppanan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Qiongyu Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Carlito B Lebrilla
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
- Foods for Health Institute, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Somen Nandi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
- Global HealthShare Initiative, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Karen A McDonald
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
- Global HealthShare Initiative, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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Tien NQD, Kim TJ, Kim TG. Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus glycoprotein production in tobacco. Protein Expr Purif 2017; 133:170-176. [PMID: 28192199 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2017.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) causes mortality in numerous marine and freshwater fish species resulting in heavy losses in fish farming. The glycoprotein gene of VHSV was fused with the cholera toxin B subunit (CTB) and expressed transiently in leaf tissues of Nicotiana benthamiana via the agroinfiltration method. The glycoprotein gene was divided into two parts to improve assembly of CTB fusion proteins (CTB-VHSV99-235 and CTB-VHSV258-417). Production of CTB fusion proteins was confirmed in the agroinfiltrated leaf tissue by western blot analysis. The plant-produced CTB fusion proteins showed biological activity to GM1-ganglioside, a receptor for biologically active CTB, on GM1-ELISA. The expression level of the CTB-VHSV fusion proteins was 0.86% (CTB-VHSV99-235) and 0.93% (CTB-VHSV258-417) of total proteins in agroinfiltrated leaf tissue, as determined by GM1-ELISA. These results suggest that Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression of CTB fusion antigens of VHSV is a rapid and convenient method and demonstrate the feasibility of using agroinfiltrated plant leaf tissues expressing CTB-fusion antigens as a plant-based vaccine to prevent VHSV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen-Quang-Duc Tien
- Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, Chonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeollabuk-do 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Jung Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Geum Kim
- Center for Jeongup Industry-Academy-Institute Cooperation, Chonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeollabuk-do 54896, Republic of Korea.
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Ni F, Qi J, Hao Q, Lyu B, Luo MC, Wang Y, Chen F, Wang S, Zhang C, Epstein L, Zhao X, Wang H, Zhang X, Chen C, Sun L, Fu D. Wheat Ms2 encodes for an orphan protein that confers male sterility in grass species. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15121. [PMID: 28452349 PMCID: PMC5414350 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Male sterility is a valuable trait for plant breeding and hybrid seed production. The dominant male-sterile gene Ms2 in common wheat has facilitated the release of hundreds of breeding lines and cultivars in China. Here, we describe the map-based cloning of the Ms2 gene and show that Ms2 confers male sterility in wheat, barley and Brachypodium. MS2 appears as an orphan gene within the Triticinae and expression of Ms2 in anthers is associated with insertion of a retroelement into the promoter. The cloning of Ms2 has substantial potential to assemble practical pipelines for recurrent selection and hybrid seed production in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
- College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Juan Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
- College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Qunqun Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
- College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Bo Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Ming-Cheng Luo
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Fengjuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Shuyun Wang
- College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Chaozhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
- College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Lynn Epstein
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Xiangyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Honggang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
- College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Xiansheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Cuixia Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
- College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Lanzhen Sun
- College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Daolin Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
- College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
- Department of Plant, Soil and Entomological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83844, USA
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Burlakovskiy MS, Yemelyanov VV, Lutova LA. Plant Based Bioreactors of Recombinant Cytokines (Review). APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2016; 52:121-137. [PMID: 32214409 PMCID: PMC7087682 DOI: 10.1134/s0003683816020034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Cytokines are a family of signaling polypeptides involved in intercellular interactions in the process of the immune response, as well as in the regulation of a number of normal physiological functions. Cytokines are used in medicine for the treatment of cancer, immune disorders, viral infections, and other socially significant diseases, but the extent of their use is limited by the high production cost of the active agent. The development of this area of pharmacology is associated with the success of genetic engineering, which allows the production of significant amounts of protein by transgenic organisms. The review discusses the latest advances in the production of various cytokines with the use of genetically modified plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. S. Burlakovskiy
- Biology Faculty, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, 199034 Russia
| | - V. V. Yemelyanov
- Biology Faculty, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, 199034 Russia
| | - L. A. Lutova
- Biology Faculty, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, 199034 Russia
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Muthamilselvan T, Lee CW, Cho YH, Wu FC, Hu CC, Liang YC, Lin NS, Hsu YH. A transgenic plant cell-suspension system for expression of epitopes on chimeric Bamboo mosaic virus particles. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2016; 14:231-9. [PMID: 25879277 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We describe a novel strategy to produce vaccine antigens using a plant cell-suspension culture system in lieu of the conventional bacterial or animal cell-culture systems. We generated transgenic cell-suspension cultures from Nicotiana benthamiana leaves carrying wild-type or chimeric Bamboo mosaic virus (BaMV) expression constructs encoding the viral protein 1 (VP1) epitope of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV). Antigens accumulated to high levels in BdT38 and BdT19 transgenic cell lines co-expressing silencing suppressor protein P38 or P19. BaMV chimeric virus particles (CVPs) were subsequently purified from the respective cell lines (1.5 and 2.1 mg CVPs/20 g fresh weight of suspended biomass, respectively), and the resulting CVPs displayed VP1 epitope on the surfaces. Guinea pigs vaccinated with purified CVPs produced humoral antibodies. This study represents an important advance in the large-scale production of immunopeptide vaccines in a cost-effective manner using a plant cell-suspension culture system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chin-Wei Lee
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsin Cho
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Chao Wu
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Chi Hu
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chuan Liang
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Na-Sheng Lin
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yau-Heiu Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Kuo YC, Tan CC, Ku JT, Hsu WC, Su SC, Lu CA, Huang LF. Improving pharmaceutical protein production in Oryza sativa. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:8719-39. [PMID: 23615467 PMCID: PMC3676753 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14058719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Revised: 04/14/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Application of plant expression systems in the production of recombinant proteins has several advantages, such as low maintenance cost, absence of human pathogens, and possession of complex post-translational glycosylation capabilities. Plants have been successfully used to produce recombinant cytokines, vaccines, antibodies, and other proteins, and rice (Oryza sativa) is a potential plant used as recombinant protein expression system. After successful transformation, transgenic rice cells can be either regenerated into whole plants or grown as cell cultures that can be upscaled into bioreactors. This review summarizes recent advances in the production of different recombinant protein produced in rice and describes their production methods as well as methods to improve protein yield and quality. Glycosylation and its impact in plant development and protein production are discussed, and several methods of improving yield and quality that have not been incorporated in rice expression systems are also proposed. Finally, different bioreactor options are explored and their advantages are analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chieh Kuo
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Yuan Ze University, 135 Yuan-Tung Road, Taoyuan 32003, Taiwan; E-Mails: (Y.-C.K.); (C.-C.T.); (J.-T.K.); (W.-C.H.); (S.-C.S.)
| | - Chia-Chun Tan
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Yuan Ze University, 135 Yuan-Tung Road, Taoyuan 32003, Taiwan; E-Mails: (Y.-C.K.); (C.-C.T.); (J.-T.K.); (W.-C.H.); (S.-C.S.)
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, 300, Jhongda Rd., Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Jung-Ting Ku
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Yuan Ze University, 135 Yuan-Tung Road, Taoyuan 32003, Taiwan; E-Mails: (Y.-C.K.); (C.-C.T.); (J.-T.K.); (W.-C.H.); (S.-C.S.)
| | - Wei-Cho Hsu
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Yuan Ze University, 135 Yuan-Tung Road, Taoyuan 32003, Taiwan; E-Mails: (Y.-C.K.); (C.-C.T.); (J.-T.K.); (W.-C.H.); (S.-C.S.)
| | - Sung-Chieh Su
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Yuan Ze University, 135 Yuan-Tung Road, Taoyuan 32003, Taiwan; E-Mails: (Y.-C.K.); (C.-C.T.); (J.-T.K.); (W.-C.H.); (S.-C.S.)
| | - Chung-An Lu
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, 300, Jhongda Rd., Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Li-Fen Huang
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Yuan Ze University, 135 Yuan-Tung Road, Taoyuan 32003, Taiwan; E-Mails: (Y.-C.K.); (C.-C.T.); (J.-T.K.); (W.-C.H.); (S.-C.S.)
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Danielson DC, Pezacki JP. Studying the RNA silencing pathway with the p19 protein. FEBS Lett 2013; 587:1198-205. [PMID: 23376479 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2013.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Revised: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The origins of the RNA silencing pathway are in defense against invading viruses and in response, viruses have evolved counter-measures to interfere with the host pathway. The p19 protein is expressed by tombusviruses as a suppressor of RNA silencing and functions to sequester small RNA duplexes, thereby preventing induction of the pathway. p19 exhibits size-specific and sequence-independent binding of its small RNA ligands, binding with high affinity to duplexes 20-22 nucleotides long. p19's binding specificity and its ability to sequester small RNAs has made it a unique protein-based tool for probing the molecular mechanisms of the highly complex RNA silencing pathway in a variety of systems. Furthermore, protein engineering of this 'molecular caliper' promises novel applications in biotechnology and medicine where small RNA molecules are of remarkable interest given their potent gene regulatory abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana C Danielson
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology & Immunology, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Canada K1H 8M5
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Larsen JS, Curtis WR. RNA viral vectors for improved Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression of heterologous proteins in Nicotiana benthamiana cell suspensions and hairy roots. BMC Biotechnol 2012; 12:21. [PMID: 22559055 PMCID: PMC3403893 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6750-12-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2012] [Accepted: 05/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant cell suspensions and hairy root cultures represent scalable protein expression platforms. Low protein product titers have thus far limited the application of transient protein expression in these hosts. The objective of this work was to overcome this limitation by harnessing A. tumefaciens to deliver replicating and non-replicating RNA viral vectors in plant tissue co-cultures. RESULTS Replicating vectors derived from Potato virus X (PVX) and Tobacco rattle virus (TRV) were modified to contain the reporter gene β-glucuronidase (GUS) with a plant intron to prevent bacterial expression. In cell suspensions, a minimal PVX vector retaining only the viral RNA polymerase gene yielded 6.6-fold more GUS than an analogous full-length PVX vector. Transient co-expression of the minimal PVX vector with P19 of Tomato bushy stunt virus or HC-Pro of Tobacco etch virus to suppress post-transcriptional gene silencing increased GUS expression by 44 and 83%, respectively. A non-replicating vector containing a leader sequence from Cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV-HT) modified for enhanced translation led to 70% higher transient GUS expression than a control treatment. In hairy roots, a TRV vector capable of systemic movement increased GUS accumulation by 150-fold relative to the analogous PVX vector. Histochemical staining for GUS in TRV-infected hairy roots revealed the capacity for achieving even higher productivity per unit biomass. CONCLUSIONS For the first time, replicating PVX vectors and a non-replicating CPMV-HT vector were successfully applied toward transient heterologous protein expression in cell suspensions. A replicating TRV vector achieved transient GUS expression levels in hairy roots more than an order of magnitude higher than the highest level previously reported with a viral vector delivered by A. tumefaciens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey S Larsen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802, USA
| | - Wayne R Curtis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802, USA
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Lico C, Santi L, Twyman RM, Pezzotti M, Avesani L. The use of plants for the production of therapeutic human peptides. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2012; 31:439-51. [PMID: 22218674 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-011-1215-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2011] [Revised: 12/13/2011] [Accepted: 12/13/2011] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Peptides have unique properties that make them useful drug candidates for diverse indications, including allergy, infectious disease and cancer. Some peptides are intrinsically bioactive, while others can be used to induce precise immune responses by defining a minimal immunogenic region. The limitations of peptides, such as metabolic instability, short half-life and low immunogenicity, can be addressed by strategies such as multimerization or fusion to carriers, to improve their pharmacological properties. The remaining major drawback is the cost of production using conventional chemical synthesis, which is also difficult to scale-up. Over the last 15 years, plants have been shown to produce bioactive and immunogenic peptides economically and with the potential for large-scale synthesis. The production of peptides in plants is usually achieved by the genetic fusion of the corresponding nucleotide sequence to that of a carrier protein, followed by stable nuclear or plastid transformation or transient expression using bacterial or viral vectors. Chimeric plant viruses or virus-like particles can also be used to display peptide antigens, allowing the production of polyvalent vaccine candidates. Here we review progress in the field of plant-derived peptides over the last 5 years, addressing new challenges for diverse pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Lico
- Laboratorio di Biotecnologie, Unità Tecnica BIORAD, ENEA CR Casaccia, 00123 Rome, Italy
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Sun QY, Ding LW, Lomonossoff GP, Sun YB, Luo M, Li CQ, Jiang L, Xu ZF. Improved expression and purification of recombinant human serum albumin from transgenic tobacco suspension culture. J Biotechnol 2011; 155:164-72. [PMID: 21762733 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2011.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2011] [Revised: 06/24/2011] [Accepted: 06/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Most human serum albumin (HSA) for medical applications is derived from human plasma due to the lack of suitable heterologous expression systems for recombinant HSA (rHSA). To determine whether plant cell cultures could provide an alternative source, we employed the hyper-translatable cowpea mosaic virus protein expression system (CPMV-HT) to stably express rHSA in tobacco Bright Yellow-2 (BY-2) cells. rHSA was stably produced with yield up to 11.88μg/ml in the culture medium, accounting for 0.7% of total soluble protein, in a 25-ml flask. Cultivation of transgenic cells in modified Murashige and Skoog medium with a pH of 8.0 improved the yield of rHSA two-fold, which may be the result of reduced proteolytic activity in the modified medium. A simple purification scheme was developed to purify the rHSA from culture medium, resulting in a recovery of 48.41% of the secreted rHSA. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry and N-terminal sequence analysis of the purified rHSA revealed that plant cell-derived rHSA is identical to that of the plasma-derived HSA. Our results show that the CPMV-HT system, which was originally developed as a transient expression system for use in whole plants, can also be used for high-level expression of rHSA, a protein highly susceptible to proteolysis, in transgenic tobacco cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao-Yang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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