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Olanbiwoninu A, Popoola B. Biofilms and their impact on the food industry. Saudi J Biol Sci 2023; 30:103523. [PMID: 36568412 PMCID: PMC9772555 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.103523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilm could be defined as a complex communities of microorganisms seen affixed to surfaces, they form clusters without sticking to any surface and buried firmly in an extracellular matrix (ECM). This matrix is formed by microorganisms in the formation of either extracellular polymeric substances (EPSS) or extracellular polymer. Many reviews have addressed the negative consequences of biofilm production in the food industry, among which we talk about biofilms being responsible for spoilage microorganisms and foodborne pathogens such as Listeria monocytogenes, Bacillus cereus etc. These contamination could be linked to biofilms presence in the processing plant. Although researches have tried conferring solutions to these challenges in the food industry, however, in this review we have tried to focus on the positive impact of biofilms formed in the food industry. It is critically expedient while trying to find the solution to the challenges of biofilm in the food industry to develop and give a major focus on the advantages and positive impact biofilm has in the food industry, which has been greatly neglected. Hence in this article, we have highlighted some positive impacts of biofilms formed in the food industry, like enhancing plant health and productivity of food products, as an agent of water and wastewater treatment in the food industry, as a tool in reducing the amount of excess sludge in the wastewater treatment plant. The development of edible biofilms, fermented food products and the production of biodegradable food packaging are also part of biofilms beneficial roles in the food industries.
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Ahmed W, Tian X, Delatolla R. Nitrifying moving bed biofilm reactor: Performance at low temperatures and response to cold-shock. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 229:295-302. [PMID: 31078886 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.04.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In contrast with suspended growth systems, attached growth technologies such as the moving bed biofilm reactors (MBBR) have recently demonstrated significant nitrification rates at temperatures as low as 1 °C. The purpose of this study was to investigate the performance of the nitrifying MBBR system at elevated municipal concentrations with exposures to low temperatures and cold-shock conditions down to 1 °C using an enhanced temperature-controlled room. A removal rate of 98.44 ± 4.69 gN·m-3·d-1 was identified as the intrinsic rate of nitrifying MBBR systems at 1 °C and was proposed as the conservative rate for low temperature design. A temperature threshold at which attached growth nitrification displayed a significant decrease in kinetics was identified between 2 °C and 4 °C. Arrhenius correction coefficients of 1.086 and 1.09 previously applied for low temperature nitrifying MBBR systems resulted in conservative modeled removal rates on average 21% lower than the measured rates. Thus, an Arrhenius correction coefficient of 1.049 is proposed between the temperatures of 10 °C and 4 °C and another correction coefficient of 1.149 to model rates at 1 °C. For the transition from 4 °C to 1 °C, the adjustment of a previously reported Theta model is proposed in this study to account for exposure time at low temperatures; with the modified model showing strong correlation with measured rates (R2 = 0.88). Finally, a comparison of nitrification kinetics between MBBR systems acclimatized to 1 °C and systems that are cold-shocked to 1 °C demonstrated that shocked removal rates are 21% lower.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warsama Ahmed
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, 161 Louis Pasteur, K1N 6N5, Canada.
| | - Xin Tian
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, 161 Louis Pasteur, K1N 6N5, Canada.
| | - Robert Delatolla
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, 161 Louis Pasteur, K1N 6N5, Canada.
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Partial nitritation at elevated loading rates: design curves and biofilm characteristics. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2019; 42:1809-1818. [PMID: 31350606 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-019-02177-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
There is a need to develop low operational intensity, cost-effective, and small-footprint systems to treat wastewater. Partial nitritation has been studied using a variety of control strategies, however, a gap in passive operation is evident. This research investigates the use of elevated loading rates as a strategy for achieving low operational intensity partial nitritation in a moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) system. The effects of loading rates on nitrification kinetics and biofilm characteristics were determined at elevated, steady dissolved oxygen concentrations between 5.5 and 7.0 mg O2/L and ambient temperatures between 19 and 21 °C. Four elevated loading rates (3, 4, 5 and 6.5 g NH4+-N/m2 days) were tested with a distinct shift in kinetics being observed towards nitritation at elevated loadings. Complete partial nitritation (100% nitrite production) was achieved at 6.5 g NH4+-N/m2 days, likely due to thick biofilm (572 µm) and elevated NH4+-N load, which resulted in suppression of nitrite oxidation.
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Surface properties and exopolysaccharide production of surface-associated microorganisms isolated from a dairy plant. ANN MICROBIOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-019-01482-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Jindal S, Anand S, Metzger L, Amamcharla J. Short communication: A comparison of biofilm development on stainless steel and modified-surface plate heat exchangers during a 17-h milk pasteurization run. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:2921-2926. [PMID: 29398018 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-14028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Flow of milk through the plate heat exchanger (PHE) results in denaturation of proteins, resulting in fouling. This also accelerates bacterial adhesion on the PHE surface, eventually leading to the development of biofilms. During prolonged processing, these biofilms result in shedding of bacteria and cross-contaminate the milk being processed, thereby limiting the duration of production runs. Altering the surface properties of PHE, such as surface energy and hydrophobicity, could be an effective approach to reduce biofouling. This study was conducted to compare the extent of biofouling on native stainless steel (SS) and modified-surface [Ni-P-polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)] PHE during the pasteurization of raw milk for an uninterrupted processing run of 17 h. For microbial studies, raw and pasteurized milk samples were aseptically collected from inlets and outlets of both PHE at various time intervals to examine shedding of bacteria in the milk. At the end of the run, 3M quick swabs (3M, St. Paul, MN) and ATP swabs (Charm Sciences Inc., Lawrence, MA) were used to sample plates from different sections of the pasteurizers (regeneration, heating, and cooling) for biofilm screening and to estimate the efficiency of cleaning in place, respectively. The data were tested for ANOVA, and means were compared. Modified PHE experienced lower mesophilic and thermophilic bacterial attachment and biofilm formation (average log 1.0 and 0.99 cfu/cm2, respectively) in the regenerative section of the pasteurizer compared with SS PHE (average log 1.49 and 1.47, respectively). Similarly, higher relative light units were observed for SS PHE compared with the modified PHE, illustrating the presence of more organic matter on the surface of SS PHE at the end of the run. In addition, at h 17, milk collected from the outlet of SS PHE showed plate counts of 5.44 cfu/cm2, which were significantly higher than those for pasteurized milk collected from modified PHE (4.12 log cfu/cm2). This provided further evidence in favor of the modified PHE achieving better microbial quality of pasteurized milk in long process runs. Moreover, because cleaning SS PHE involves an acid treatment step, whereas an alkali treatment step is sufficient for the modified-surface PHE, use of the latter is both cost and time effective, making it a better surface for thermal processing of milk and other fluid dairy products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivali Jindal
- Midwest Dairy Foods Research Center, Department of Dairy and Food Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings 57007
| | - Sanjeev Anand
- Midwest Dairy Foods Research Center, Department of Dairy and Food Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings 57007.
| | - Lloyd Metzger
- Midwest Dairy Foods Research Center, Department of Dairy and Food Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings 57007
| | - Jayendra Amamcharla
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry/Food Sciences Institute, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506
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6
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Schopf A, Delatolla R, Mathew R, Tsitouras A, Kirkwood KM. Investigation of copper inhibition of nitrifying moving bed biofilm (MBBR) reactors during long term operations. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2018; 41:1485-1495. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-018-1976-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Lee YK, Porter C, Diamond SL, Crocker JC, Sinno T. Deposition of sticky spheres in channel flow: Modeling of surface coverage evolution requires accurate sphere-sphere collision hydrodynamics. J Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 530:383-393. [PMID: 29982030 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2018.06.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We analyzed the role of hydrodynamic interactions in a microfluidic channel flow containing a dilute suspension of micron-scale colloidal spheres (0.03%, 0.1%, 0.3% volume fraction) engineered to adhere onto a collector patch on the channel wall at wall shear rates of 9.3-930 s-1. Particle-wall adhesion was mediated by single-stranded DNA oligomers grafted onto the spheres and the glass channel wall, producing well-defined interactions via DNA strand base pairing. Particle positions in the flow were evolved using Brownian dynamics simulations in which hydrodynamic interactions between moving particles and the channel walls and/or adhered particles were computed off-line using a series of local simulations that explicitly resolve the fluid flow at the particle scale. By systematically varying the nature of hydrodynamic interactions captured in the Brownian dynamics simulations, we find that the interactions between moving and adhered particles represents the single most important physical element in such models. Once captured sufficiently accurately, the resulting models are able to predict coarse variables such as the overall particle coverage evolution, as well as more subtle characteristics, such as the microstructural distribution of the adhered particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Ki Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Christopher Porter
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Scott L Diamond
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - John C Crocker
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Talid Sinno
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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8
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Jindal S, Anand S. Comparison of adhesion characteristics of common dairy sporeformers and their spores on unmodified and modified stainless steel contact surfaces. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:5799-5808. [PMID: 29605327 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-14179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The attachment of aerobic spore-forming bacteria and their spores to the surfaces of dairy processing equipment leads to biofilm formation. Although sporeformers may differ in the degree of attachment, various surface modifications are being studied in order to develop a surface that is least vulnerable to attachment. This study was conducted to compare the extent of adhesion of spores and vegetative cells of the thermotolerant sporeformer Bacillus licheniformis and the high-heat-resistant sporeformers Geobacillus stearothermophilus and Bacillus sporothermodurans on both native and modified stainless steel surfaces. We studied the effect of contact surface and cell surface properties (including surface energy, surface hydrophobicity, cell surface hydrophobicity, and zeta potential) on the adhesion tendency of both types of sporeformers and their spores. Attachment to native and modified (Ni-P-polytetrafluoroethylene, Ni-P-PTFE) stainless steel surfaces was determined by allowing interaction between the respective contact surface and vegetative cells or spores for 1 h at ambient temperature. The hydrophobicity of vegetative cells and spores of aerobic spore-forming bacteria was determined using the hexadecane assay, and zeta potential was determined using the Zeta sizer Nano series instrument (Malvern Panalytical, Malvern, UK). The results indicated a higher adhesion tendency of spores over vegetative cells for both thermotolerant and high-heat-resistant sporeformers. On comparing the sporeformers, B. sporothermodurans demonstrated the highest adhesion tendency followed by G. stearothermophilus; B. licheniformis exhibited minimal attachment on both surfaces. The tendency to adhere varied with cell surface properties, decreasing with lower cell surface hydrophobicity and higher cell surface charge. On the other hand, modifying contact surface properties for higher surface hydrophobicity and lower surface energy decreased attachment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivali Jindal
- Midwest Dairy Foods Research Center, Dairy and Food Science Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings 57007
| | - Sanjeev Anand
- Midwest Dairy Foods Research Center, Dairy and Food Science Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings 57007.
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Ekpenyong CE, Akpan EE. Use of Cymbopogon citratus essential oil in food preservation: Recent advances and future perspectives. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 57:2541-2559. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2015.1016140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ernest E. Akpan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria
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10
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A submerged dielectric barrier discharge plasma inactivation mechanism of biofilms produced by Escherichia coli O157:H7, Cronobacter sakazakii, and Staphylococcus aureus. Sci Rep 2016. [PMCID: PMC5378952 DOI: 10.1038/srep37072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A submerged dielectric barrier discharge plasma reactor (underwater DBD) has been used to inactivate biofilm produced by three different food-borne pathogens, namely Escherichia coli O157:H7 (ATCC 438), Cronobacter sakazakii (ATCC 29004), and Staphylococcus aureus (KCCM 40050). The inactivation that were obtained after 90 minutes of plasma operation were found to measure 5.50 log CFU/coupon, 6.88 log CFU/coupon and 4.20 log CFU/coupon for Escherichia coli O157:H7 (ATCC 438), Cronobacter sakazakii (ATCC 29004), and Staphylococcus aureus (KCCM 40050), respectively. Secondary Electron Images (SEI) obtained from Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM) show the biofilm morphology and its removal trend by plasma operation at different time intervals. An attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) measurement was performed to elucidate the biochemical changes that occur on the bacterial cell and extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) of biofilm during the plasma inactivation process. The ATR-FTIR measurement shows the gradual reduction of carbohydrates, proteins, and lipid and DNA peak regions with increased plasma exposure time. The presence of an EPS layer on the upper surface of the biofilm plays a negative and significant role in its removal from stainless steel (SS) coupons.
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Jindal S, Anand S, Huang K, Goddard J, Metzger L, Amamcharla J. Evaluation of modified stainless steel surfaces targeted to reduce biofilm formation by common milk sporeformers. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:9502-9513. [PMID: 27692715 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-11395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The development of bacterial biofilms on stainless steel (SS) surfaces poses a great threat to the quality of milk and other dairy products as the biofilm-embedded bacteria can survive thermal processing. Established biofilms offer cleaning challenges because they are resistant to most of the regular cleaning protocols. Sporeforming thermoduric organisms entrapped within biofilm matrix can also form heat-resistant spores, and may result in a long-term persistent contamination. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of different nonfouling coatings [AMC 18 (Advanced Materials Components Express, Lemont, PA), Dursan (SilcoTek Corporation, Bellefonte, PA), Ni-P-polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE, Avtec Finishing Systems, New Hope, MN), and Lectrofluor 641 (General Magnaplate Corporation, Linden, NJ)] on SS plate heat exchanger surfaces, to resist the formation of bacterial biofilms. It was hypothesized that modified SS surfaces would promote a lesser amount of deposit buildup and bacterial adhesion as compared with the native SS surface. Vegetative cells of aerobic sporeformers, Geobacillus stearothermophilus (ATCC 15952), Bacillus licheniformis (ATCC 6634), and Bacillus sporothermodurans (DSM 10599), were used to study biofilm development on the modified and native SS surfaces. The adherence of these organisms, though influenced by surface energy and hydrophobicity, exhibited no apparent relation with surface roughness. The Ni-P-PTFE coating exhibited the least bacterial attachment and milk solid deposition, and hence, was the most resistant to biofilm formation. Scanning electron microscopy, which was used to visualize the extent of biofilm formation on modified and native SS surfaces, also revealed lower bacterial attachment on the Ni-P-PTFE as compared with the native SS surface. This study thus provides evidence of reduced biofilm formation on the modified SS surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivali Jindal
- Midwest Dairy Foods Research Center, Dairy Science Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings 57007
| | - Sanjeev Anand
- Midwest Dairy Foods Research Center, Dairy Science Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings 57007.
| | - Kang Huang
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst 01002
| | - Julie Goddard
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst 01002
| | - Lloyd Metzger
- Midwest Dairy Foods Research Center, Dairy Science Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings 57007
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12
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Satpathy S, Sen SK, Pattanaik S, Raut S. Review on bacterial biofilm: An universal cause of contamination. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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13
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Biofilms' role in planktonic cell proliferation. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:21965-82. [PMID: 24201127 PMCID: PMC3856045 DOI: 10.3390/ijms141121965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Revised: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The detachment of single cells from biofilms is an intrinsic part of this surface-associated mode of bacterial existence. Pseudomonas sp. strain CT07gfp biofilms, cultivated in microfluidic channels under continuous flow conditions, were subjected to a range of liquid shear stresses (9.42 mPa to 320 mPa). The number of detached planktonic cells was quantified from the effluent at 24-h intervals, while average biofilm thickness and biofilm surface area were determined by confocal laser scanning microscopy and image analysis. Biofilm accumulation proceeded at the highest applied shear stress, while similar rates of planktonic cell detachment was maintained for biofilms of the same age subjected to the range of average shear rates. The conventional view of liquid-mediated shear leading to the passive erosion of single cells from the biofilm surface, disregards the active contribution of attached cell metabolism and growth to the observed detachment rates. As a complement to the conventional conceptual biofilm models, the existence of a biofilm surface-associated zone of planktonic cell proliferation is proposed to highlight the need to expand the traditional perception of biofilms as promoting microbial survival, to include the potential of biofilms to contribute to microbial proliferation.
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14
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Banerjee S, Joshi SR. Insights into Cave Architecture and the Role of Bacterial Biofilm. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s40011-012-0149-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Seter M, Thomson MJ, Chong A, MacFarlane DR, Forsyth M. Cetrimonium Nalidixate as a Multifunctional Inhibitor to Combat Biofilm Formation and Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion. Aust J Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1071/ch13107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Microbial infection of surfaces and the formation of biofilms is a pervasive problem that appears in diverse fields from medical implants to corrosion of marine structures. We show here, for the first time, the multifunctional inhibitory effects of an environmentally friendly organic salt, cetrimonium nalidixate, a dual active compound based on concepts emerging from the active ionic liquids field. This salt when incorporated into a polyurethane coating leads to complete inhibition of microbiologically influenced corrosion in the presence of several bacteria strains commonly found in marine environments.
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Herrera-Robledo M, Cid-León D, Morgan-Sagastume J, Noyola A. Biofouling in an anaerobic membrane bioreactor treating municipal sewage. Sep Purif Technol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2011.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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17
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Hassan A, Anand S, Avadhanula M. Microscopic observation of multispecies biofilm of various structures on whey concentration membranes. J Dairy Sci 2010; 93:2321-9. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2009-2800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2009] [Accepted: 01/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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19
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Zhang Z, Stenson J, Thomas C. Chapter 2 Micromanipulation in Mechanical Characterisation of Single Particles. CHARACTERIZATION OF FLOW, PARTICLES AND INTERFACES 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2377(09)03702-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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20
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21
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Mangalappalli-Illathu AK, Lawrence JR, Swerhone GD, Korber DR. Architectural adaptation and protein expression patterns of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis biofilms under laminar flow conditions. Int J Food Microbiol 2008; 123:109-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2007.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2007] [Revised: 12/04/2007] [Accepted: 12/18/2007] [Indexed: 09/30/2022]
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22
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Valle-Delgado JJ, Molina-Bolívar JA, Galisteo-González F, Gálvez-Ruiz MJ, Feiler A, Rutland MW. Adhesion forces between protein layers studied by means of atomic force microscopy. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2006; 22:5108-14. [PMID: 16700601 DOI: 10.1021/la053011k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Adhesion forces between different protein layers adsorbed on different substrates in aqueous media have been measured by means of an atomic force microscope using the colloid probe technique. The effects of the loading force, the salt concentration and pH of the medium, and the electrolyte type on the strength, the pull-off distance, and the separation energy of such adhesion forces have been analyzed in depth. Two very different proteins (bovine serum albumin and apoferritin) and two dissimilar substrates (silica and polystyrene) were used in the experiments. The results clearly point out a very important contribution of the electrostatic interactions in the adhesion between protein layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Valle-Delgado
- Biocolloid and Fluid Physics Group, Department of Applied Physics, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
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23
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Chang HT, Parulekar SJ, Ahmed M. A dual-growth kinetic model for biological wastewater reactors. Biotechnol Prog 2005; 21:423-31. [PMID: 15801781 DOI: 10.1021/bp0300671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Biological wastewater reactors are traditionally divided into two groups based on modes of cell growth: suspension and attached (biofilm) growth. Kinetic descriptions of these reactors are based on confining cell growth to solid surfaces or void space. Because suspended cells grow in void space and biofilms grow on surfaces, both forms of microbial growth must in principle occur in a biological reactor, unless the surface is inhabitable by a biofilm. Cell growth and substrate utilization in both modes, suspension and attached, are fully accounted for in the model developed here. Simulations based on this model show that biofilms growing on the walls of a reactor, classified as a suspension culture, can contribute substantially to the total organics removal. Similarly, suspended cells in the voids of a "traditional biofilm" reactor can contribute significantly to degradation of organic substrates. The presence of biofilms can obviate total washout of suspended cells and avert reactor failure. Model simulations enable a comparison of attached and suspended biomass in terms of biomass accumulation, substrate degradation, and effectiveness of substrate utilization and illustrate interactions between the two forms of biomass. The model provides a unified way to analyze and design biological wastewater processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ted Chang
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois 60616, USA
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24
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Chmielewski RAN, Frank JF. Biofilm Formation and Control in Food Processing Facilities. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2003; 2:22-32. [PMID: 33451238 DOI: 10.1111/j.1541-4337.2003.tb00012.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 383] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Microorganisms on wet surfaces have the ability to aggregate, grow into microcolonies, and produce biofilm. Growth of biofilms in food processing environments leads to increased opportunity for microbial contamination of the processed product. These biofilms may contain spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms. Microorganisms within biofilms are protected from sanitizers increasing the likelihood of survival and subsequent contamination of food. This increases the risk of reduced shelf life and disease transmission. Extracellular polymeric substances associated with biofilm that are not removed by cleaning provide attachment sites for microorganisms newly arrived to the cleaned system. Biofilm formation can also cause the impairment of heat transfer and corrosion to metal surfaces. Some of the methods used to control biofilm formation include mechanical and manual cleaning, chemical cleaning and sanitation, and application of hot water.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A N Chmielewski
- The authors are with the Dept. of Food Science and Technology, Center for Food Safety, Univ. of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602. Direct inquiries to author Frank (E-mail: )
| | - J F Frank
- The authors are with the Dept. of Food Science and Technology, Center for Food Safety, Univ. of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602. Direct inquiries to author Frank (E-mail: )
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Frank JF. Microbial attachment to food and food contact surfaces. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2001; 43:319-70. [PMID: 11285686 DOI: 10.1016/s1043-4526(01)43008-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J F Frank
- Center for Food Safety and Quality Enhancement, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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Alam MZ, Fakhru'l-Razi A, Molla AH, Roychoudhury PK. Treatment of wastewater sludge by liquid state bioconversion process. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2001; 36:1237-1243. [PMID: 11545349 DOI: 10.1081/ese-100104874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of an eminent decay fungus, Phanerocheate chrysosporium of organic residues on wastewater sludge for its improvement through decomposition and separation of waste particles by Liquid State Bioconversion (LSB). The effect of fungal treatment was compared to uninoculated (Control) at three different harvests 7, 14 and 21 days after inoculation (DAI). The observed results showed that the weight loss and solid content of wastewater sludge were significantly influenced by Phanerocheate chrysosporium. Both parameters were highly influenced at 7 DAI. The COD and pH of wastewater sludge were also highly influenced by fungal treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Z Alam
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University Putra Malaysia, Selangor.
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Sharma S, Dastidar MG, RoyChoudhury PK. Recovery of coal fines from washery and power plant effluents by integrated technique of oil agglomeration and biofilm formation. ARTIFICIAL CELLS, BLOOD SUBSTITUTES, AND IMMOBILIZATION BIOTECHNOLOGY 1999; 27:387-92. [PMID: 10595437 DOI: 10.3109/10731199909117708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The possibility of applying an integrated technique of oil agglomeration and biofilm formation for recovery of coal fines from coal washeries and power plants effluents has been explored. Laboratory experiments with simulated slurries of different Indian coal fines demonstrate that vegetable oils are satisfactory agglomerating agents for recovery of most of the coal fines depending on the nature of coal and type of oil. The agglomeration behaviour of coal fines was assessed in terms of % yield, % organic matter recovery and % ash rejections. Maximum 85% agglomerate recovery was obtained in the agglomeration stage. Residual oil concentrations in some cases were found to exceed the permissible limit. Recovery of residual coal fines and reduction in residual oil concentration in the resultant slurry after oil agglomeration have been attempted using biofilm formation. A laboratory scale treatment reactor was put under complete recirculation to facilitate attached microbial growth on coal particles as carrier under aerobic conditions. The influence of various parameters on attached growth and stable biofilm formation were studied. The growth patterns of attached cell in suspension and consumption pattern of carbon substrate (oil) have been investigated. Steady decline in residual substrate concentration in the slurry with corresponding increase in the growth of attached and free cell mass is observed. The growth process was favoured in pH range of 6.5-7.0. The attached growth was found to be expanded in size in due course of time ultimately leading to the formation of stable biofilm in the treatment reactor which was subjected to the influent total suspended solids loading resulting from oil agglomeration step. Performance of the biofilm reactor in terms of % reduction in total suspended solids and residual oil concentration in the influent slurry was assessed in continuous mode. Complete recovery of coal fines and 60% degradation of oil was observed in the final effluent discharged from the treatment reactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sharma
- Centre for Energy Studies, Indian Institute of Technology, Hauz Khas, New Delhi
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Razatos A, Ong YL, Sharma MM, Georgiou G. Molecular determinants of bacterial adhesion monitored by atomic force microscopy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1998; 95:11059-64. [PMID: 9736689 PMCID: PMC21595 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.95.19.11059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 301] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial adhesion and the subsequent formation of biofilm are major concerns in biotechnology and medicine. The initial step in bacterial adhesion is the interaction of cells with a surface, a process governed by long-range forces, primarily van der Waals and electrostatic interactions. The precise manner in which the force of interaction is affected by cell surface components and by the physiochemical properties of materials is not well understood. Here, we show that atomic force microscopy can be used to analyze the initial events in bacterial adhesion with unprecedented resolution. Interactions between the cantilever tip and confluent monolayers of isogenic strains of Escherichia coli mutants exhibiting subtle differences in cell surface composition were measured. It was shown that the adhesion force is affected by the length of core lipopolysaccharide molecules on the E. coli cell surface and by the production of the capsular polysaccharide, colanic acid. Furthermore, by modifying the atomic force microscope tip we developed a method for determining whether bacteria are attracted or repelled by virtually any biomaterial of interest. This information will be critical for the design of materials that are resistant to bacterial adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Razatos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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Peyton BM, Skeen RS, Hooker BS, Lundman RW, Cunningham AB. Evaluation of bacterial detachment rates in porous media. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 1995. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02933478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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dos Santos LMF, Livingston AG. Membrane-attached biofilms for VOC wastewater treatment I: Novel in situ biofilm thickness measurement technique. Biotechnol Bioeng 1995; 47:82-9. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.260470110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Peyton BM, Characklis WG. A statistical analysis of the effect of substrate utilization and shear stress on the kinetics of biofilm detachment. Biotechnol Bioeng 1993; 41:728-35. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.260410707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Startup of anaerobic fluidized bed reactors with acetic acid as the substrate. Biotechnol Bioeng 1993; 41:347-53. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.260410309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Huang CT, Peretti SW, Bryers JD. Plasmid retention and gene expression in suspended and biofilm cultures of recombinantEscherichia coli DH5?(pMJR1750). Biotechnol Bioeng 1993; 41:211-20. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.260410207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Coelhoso I, Boaventura R, Rodrigues A. Biofilm reactors: An experimental and modeling study of wastewater denitrification in fluidized-bed reactors of activated carbon particles. Biotechnol Bioeng 1992; 40:625-33. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.260400510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Grotenhuis JTC, Smit M, van Lammeren AAM, Stams AJM, Zehnder AJB. Localization and quantification of extracellular polymers in methanogenic granular sludge. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 1991. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00164710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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The effect of pH and NaCl concentration on adsorption of β-lactoglobulin at hydrophilic and hydrophobic silicon surfaces. J Colloid Interface Sci 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/0021-9797(91)90282-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Shrove GS, Olsen RH, Vogel TM. Development of pure culture biofilms ofP. putida on solid supports. Biotechnol Bioeng 1991; 37:512-8. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.260370604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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