1
|
Flach S, Maniam P, Hey SY, Manickavasagam J. The molecular characteristics of recurrent/metastatic HPV-positive head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: A systematic review of the literature. Clin Otolaryngol 2024; 49:384-403. [PMID: 38658385 DOI: 10.1111/coa.14161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES About 17% of patients with human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), which is mainly comprised of oropharyngeal SCC (OPSCC), will experience disease recurrence, which is often considered incurable when manifested at a metastatic and/or recurrent stage. We conducted a critical qualitative systematic review. Our objectives were to provide an overview of the molecular landscape of recurrent/metastatic HPV-positive HNSCC as well as novel molecular biomarkers. DESIGN A literature review was conducted to identify studies reporting on the molecular characteristics of recurrent/metastatic HPV-positive HNSCC, novel molecular biomarkers and treatment options. The reviews of abstracts, full articles, and revision of the included studies, followed by data extraction and quality assessment were performed by three independent assessors. All primary literature, such as retrospective, prospective, and clinical trials as well as basic research studies were considered, and the final search was conducted at the end of February 2023. The level of evidence was rated using the guidelines published by the Oxford Centre for Evidence-based Medicine and quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale criteria. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS The literature search resulted in the identification of 1991 articles. A total of 181 full articles were screened, and 66 articles were included in this analysis. Several studies reported that recurrent/metastatic HPV-positive HNSCC had higher rates of TP53 mutation and were genomically similar to HPV-negative HNSCC. The detection of circulating tumour tissue-modified HPV DNA (ctHPVDNA) as a specific biomarker has shown promising results for monitoring treatment response and recurrence in the subset of HPV-positive HNSCC. In addition, evidence for targeted therapy in recurrent/metastatic HPV-positive HNSCC has emerged, including agents that inhibit overexpressed EGFR. Studies of combination immunotherapy are also underway. Our review outlines the latest evidence on the distinct molecular profiles of recurrent/metastatic HPV-positive HNSCC as well as the clinical potential of ctHPVDNA testing in routine practice. More controlled and longitudinal studies are needed to identify additional molecular targets and to assess the performance and benefits of novel molecular biomarkers in clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Flach
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, LMU Klinikum, Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Pavithran Maniam
- Department of Otolaryngology, Newcastle upon Tyne NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Shi Ying Hey
- Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Jaiganesh Manickavasagam
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery and Tayside Medical Sciences Centre, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, UK
- School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chen MF, Song Z, Yu HA, Sequist LV, Lovly CM, Mitchell EP, Moscow JA, Gray RJ, Wang V, McShane LM, Rubinstein LV, Patton DR, Williams PM, Hamilton SR, Umemura Y, Tricoli JV, Conley BA, Arteaga CL, Harris LN, O'Dwyer PJ, Chen AP, Flaherty KT. Phase II Study of Osimertinib in Patients With Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Mutations: Results From the NCI-MATCH ECOG-ACRIN (EAY131) Trial Subprotocol E. JCO Precis Oncol 2024; 8:e2300454. [PMID: 38591867 PMCID: PMC10896470 DOI: 10.1200/po.23.00454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The National Cancer Institute Molecular Analysis for Therapy Choice trial is a signal-finding genomically driven platform trial that assigns patients with any advanced refractory solid tumor, lymphoma, or myeloma to targeted therapies on the basis of next-generation sequencing results. Subprotocol E evaluated osimertinib, an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor, in patients with EGFR mutations. METHODS Eligible patients had EGFR mutations (T790M or rare activating) and received osimertinib 80 mg once daily. Patients with lung cancer with EGFR T790M were excluded. The primary end point was objective response rate (ORR), and the secondary end points were 6-month progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival, and toxicity. RESULTS A total of 19 patients were enrolled: 17 were evaluable for toxicity and 13 for efficacy. The median age of the 13 included in the efficacy analysis was 63 years, 62% had Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status 1, and 31% received >three previous systemic therapies. The most common tumor type was brain cancers (54%). The ORR was 15.4% (n = 2 of 13; 90% CI, 2.8 to 41.0) and 6-month PFS was 16.7% (90% CI, 0 to 34.4). The two confirmed RECIST responses were observed in a patient with neuroendocrine carcinoma not otherwise specified (EGFR exon 20 S768T and exon 18 G719C mutation) and a patient with low-grade epithelial carcinoma of the paranasal sinus (EGFR D770_N771insSVD). The most common (>20%) treatment-related adverse events were diarrhea, thrombocytopenia, and maculopapular rash. CONCLUSION In this pretreated cohort, osimertinib did not meet the prespecified end point threshold for efficacy, but responses were seen in a neuroendocrine carcinoma with an EGFR exon 20 S768T and exon 18 G719C mutation and an epithelial carcinoma with an EGFR D770_N771insSVD mutation. Osimertinib was well tolerated and had a safety profile consistent with previous studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Zihe Song
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute—ECOG-ACRIN Biostatistics Center, Boston, MA
| | - Helena A. Yu
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | | | | | - Edith P. Mitchell
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jeffrey A. Moscow
- Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Robert J. Gray
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute—ECOG-ACRIN Biostatistics Center, Boston, MA
| | - Victoria Wang
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute—ECOG-ACRIN Biostatistics Center, Boston, MA
| | - Lisa M. McShane
- Biometric Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Larry V. Rubinstein
- Biometric Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - David R. Patton
- Center for Biomedical Informatics & Information Technology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | | | | | - Yoshie Umemura
- University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - James V. Tricoli
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Barbara A. Conley
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | | | - Lyndsay N. Harris
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | | | - Alice P. Chen
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bouassaly J, Karimi N, Kowalski LP, Sultanem K, Alaoui-Jamali M, Mlynarek A, Mascarella M, Hier M, Sadeghi N, da Silva SD. Rethinking treatment paradigms: Neoadjuvant therapy and de-escalation strategies in HPV-positive head and neck cancer. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2024; 196:104326. [PMID: 38479584 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancer (HNC) is the 6th most common cancer across the world, with a particular increase in HNC associated with human papilloma virus (HPV) among younger populations. Historically, the standard treatment for this disease consisted of combined surgery and radiotherapy or curative platinum-based concurrent chemoradiotherapy, with associated long term and late toxicities. However, HPV-positive HNC is recognized as a unique cancer subtype, typically with improved clinical outcomes. As such, treatment de-escalation strategies have been widely researched to mitigate the adverse effects associated with the current standard of care without compromising efficacy. These strategies include treatment de-escalation, such as novel surgical techniques, alternative radiation technologies, radiation dose and volume reduction, as well as neoadjuvant chemotherapies, immunotherapies, and combined therapies. Although these therapies show great promise, many of them are still under investigation due to hesitation surrounding their widespread implementation. The objective of this review is to summarize the most recent progress in de-escalation strategies and neoadjuvant therapies designed for HPV-positive HNC. While specific treatments may require additional research before being widely adopted, encouraging results from recent studies have highlighted the advantages of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and immunotherapy, as well as radiation and surgical de-escalation approaches in managing HPV-positive HNC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jenna Bouassaly
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal QC H4A 3J1, Canada; Segal Cancer Centre and Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, Montreal QC H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Naser Karimi
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal QC H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Luiz Paulo Kowalski
- AC Camargo Cancer Center, Faculty of Medicine - University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Khalil Sultanem
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal QC H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Moulay Alaoui-Jamali
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal QC H4A 3J1, Canada; Segal Cancer Centre and Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, Montreal QC H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Alex Mlynarek
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal QC H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Marco Mascarella
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal QC H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Michael Hier
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal QC H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Nader Sadeghi
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal QC H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Sabrina Daniela da Silva
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal QC H4A 3J1, Canada; Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal QC H3T 1E2, Canada; Segal Cancer Centre and Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, Montreal QC H3T 1E2, Canada; AC Camargo Cancer Center, Faculty of Medicine - University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wu H, Qian J, Zhou L, Hu T, Zhang Y, Wang C, Yang Y, Gu C. FHND004 inhibits malignant proliferation of multiple myeloma by targeting PDZ-binding kinase in MAPK pathway. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:4811-4831. [PMID: 38460944 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Inhibitors of Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase (EGFR-TKIs) are producing impressive benefits to responsive types of cancers but challenged with drug resistances. FHND drugs are newly modified small molecule inhibitors based on the third-generation EGFR-TKI AZD9291 (Osimertinib) that are mainly for targeting the mutant-selective EGFR, particularly for the non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Successful applications of EGFR-TKIs to other cancers are less certain, thus the present pre-clinical study aims to explore the anticancer effect and downstream targets of FHND in multiple myeloma (MM), which is an incurable hematological malignancy and reported to be insensitive to first/second generation EGFR-TKIs (Gefitinib/Afatinib). Cell-based assays revealed that FHND004 and FHND008 significantly inhibited MM cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis. The RNA-seq identified the involvement of the MAPK signaling pathway. The protein chip screened PDZ-binding kinase (PBK) as a potential drug target. The interaction between PBK and FHND004 was verified by molecular docking and microscale thermophoresis (MST) assay with site mutation (N124/D125). Moreover, the public clinical datasets showed high expression of PBK was associated with poor clinical outcomes. PBK overexpression evidently promoted the proliferation of two MM cell lines, whereas the FHND004 treatment significantly inhibited survival of 5TMM3VT cell-derived model mice and growth of patient-derived xenograft (PDX) tumors. The mechanistic study showed that FHND004 downregulated PBK expression, thus mediating ERK1/2 phosphorylation in the MAPK pathway. Our study not only demonstrates PBK as a promising novel target of FHND004 to inhibit MM cell proliferation, but also expands the EGFR kinase-independent direction for developing anti-myeloma therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongjie Wu
- Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinjun Qian
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Lianxin Zhou
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Tingting Hu
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuanjiao Zhang
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Chen Wang
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ye Yang
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunyan Gu
- Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Li W, Huang X, Patel R, Schleifman E, Fu S, Shames DS, Zhang J. Analytical evaluation of circulating tumor DNA sequencing assays. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4973. [PMID: 38424110 PMCID: PMC10904763 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54361-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
In China, circulating tumor DNA analysis is widely used and numerous assays are available. Systematic evaluation to help users make informed selections is needed. Nine circulating tumor DNA assays, including one benchmark assay, were evaluated using 23 contrived reference samples. There were two sample types (cell-free DNA and plasma samples), three circulating tumor DNA inputs (low, < 20 ng; medium, 20-50 ng; high, > 50 ng), two variant allele frequency ranges (low, 0.1-0.5%; intermediate, 0.5-2.5%), and four variant types (single nucleotide, insertion/deletion, structural, and copy number). Sensitivity, specificity, reproducibility, and all processes from cell-free DNA extraction to bioinformatics analysis were assessed. The test assays were generally comparable or superior to the benchmark assay, demonstrating high analytical sensitivity. Variations in circulating tumor DNA extraction and quantification efficiency, sensitivity, and reproducibility were observed, particularly at lower inputs. These findings will guide circulating tumor DNA assay choice for research and clinical studies, allowing consideration of multiple technical parameters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjin Li
- Oncology Biomarker Development, Roche (China) Holding Ltd, Pudong, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiayu Huang
- Oncology Biomarker Development, Roche (China) Holding Ltd, Pudong, Shanghai, China
| | - Rajesh Patel
- Oncology Biomarker Development, Genentech, Ltd, South San Francisco, USA
| | - Erica Schleifman
- Oncology Biomarker Development, Genentech, Ltd, South San Francisco, USA
| | - Shijing Fu
- Oncology Biomarker Development, Roche (China) Holding Ltd, Pudong, Shanghai, China
| | - David S Shames
- Oncology Biomarker Development, Genentech, Ltd, South San Francisco, USA.
| | - Jingyu Zhang
- Oncology Biomarker Development, Roche (China) Holding Ltd, Pudong, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Xie K, Wang B, Pang P, Li G, Yang Q, Fang C, Jiang W, Feng Y, Ma H. A novel disulfidptosis-related prognostic gene signature and experimental validation identify ACTN4 as a novel therapeutic target in lung adenocarcinoma. Cancer Biomark 2024:CBM230276. [PMID: 38517776 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-230276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is a prevalent form of malignancy globally. Disulfidptosis is novel programmed cell death pathway based on disulfide proteins, may have a positive impact on the development of LUAD treatment strategies. OBJECTIVE To investigate the impact of disulfidptosis-related genes (DRGs) on the prognosis of LUAD, developed a risk model to facilitate the diagnosis and prognostication of patients. We also explored ACTN4 (DRGs) as a new therapeutic biomarker for LUAD. METHODS We investigated the expression patterns of DRGs in both LUAD and noncancerous tissues. To assess the prognostic value of the DRGs, we developed risk models through univariate Cox analysis and lasso regression. The expression and function of ACTN4 was evaluated by qRT-PCR, immunohistochemistry and in vitro experiments. The TIMER examined the association between ACTN4 expression and immune infiltration in LUAD. RESULTS Ten differentially expressed DRGs were identified. And ACTN4 was identified as potential risk factors through univariate Cox regression analysis (P< 0.05). ACTN4 expression and riskscore were used to construct a risk model to predict overall survival in LUAD, and high-risk demonstrated a significantly higher mortality rate compared to the low-risk cohort. qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry assays indicated ACTN4 was upregulated in LUAD, and the upregulation was associated with clinicopathologic features. In vitro experiments showed the knockdown of ACTN4 expression inhibited the proliferation in LUAD cells. The TIMER analysis demonstrated a correlation between the expression of ACTN4 and the infiltration of diverse immune cells. Elevated ACTN4 expression was associated with a reduction in memory B cell count. Additionally, the ACTN4 expression was associated with m6A modification genes. CONCLUSIONS Our study introduced a prognostic model based on DRGs, which could forecast the prognosis of patients with LUAD. The biomarker ACTN4 exhibits promise for the diagnosis and management of LUAD, given its correlation with tumor immune infiltration and m6A modification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Xie
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Pei Pang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guangbin Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qianqian Yang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chen Fang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Feng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haitao Ma
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Nao SC, Kong L, Chan DSH, Liu J, Huang LS, Wu L, Wu J, Wong CY, Wang W, Leung CH. Covalent inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor using a long-lived iridium(III)-afatinib probe. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 259:129211. [PMID: 38184034 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
The overexpression and overactivation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) are frequently observed in human cancers, including squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. In this study, a covalent EGFR probe was developed by conjugating afatinib to an iridium(III) scaffold. Complex 1 showed enhanced luminescence in living epidermoid squamous carcinoma A431 cells compared to other cell lines, via engaging EGFR as confirmed via CETSA and knockdown experiments. Moreover, complex 1 inhibited downstream targets of EGFR in cellulo with repression persisting after removal of the complex, indicating an irreversible mode of inhibition. Finally, complex 1 showed potent antiproliferative activity against A431 cells with comparable potency to afatinib alone. To our knowledge, complex 1 is the first EGFR covalent inhibitor based on an iridium scaffold reported in the literature, with the potential to be further explored as a theranostic agent in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Cuo Nao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau
| | - Lingtan Kong
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China
| | - Daniel Shiu-Hin Chan
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Jianhua Liu
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China
| | - Le-Sheng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau
| | - Lei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau
| | - Jia Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau
| | - Chun-Yuen Wong
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR.
| | - Wanhe Wang
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China; Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, 45 South Gaoxin Road, Shenzhen 518057, China.
| | - Chung-Hang Leung
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau; Macao Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau; MoE Frontiers Science Centre for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Maniar R, Loehrer PJ. What Have We Learned from Molecularly Informed Clinical Trials on Thymomas and Thymic Carcinomas-Current Status and Future Directions? Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:416. [PMID: 38254905 PMCID: PMC10813974 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16020416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Thymic epithelial tumors (TETs), which include thymomas and thymic carcinomas, are a rare, heterogeneous group of malignancies that originate from the thymus gland. As an important organ of immune cell development, thymic tumors, particularly thymomas, are often associated with paraneoplastic autoimmune disorders. The advances in targeted therapies for both solid and hematologic malignancies have resulted in improved patient outcomes, including better and more durable efficacy and improved toxicity. Targeted therapies have also been investigated in the treatment of TETs, though the results have largely been modest. These have included somatostatin-receptor-targeting therapies, KIT- and EGFR-directed tyrosine kinase inhibitors, epigenetic modulators, anti-angiogenesis agents, and agents targeting the cell proliferation and survival pathways and cell cycle regulators. Numerous investigated treatments have failed or underperformed due to a lack of a strong biomarker of efficacy. Ongoing trials are attempting to expand on previous experiences, including the exploration of effective drugs in early-stage disease. Novel combination therapy strategies are also undergoing evaluation, with the goal of augmenting efficacy and understanding the toxicity while expanding the biomarkers of efficacy and safety. With advances in technology to improve target identification and drug delivery, old targets may become new opportunities, and the subsequently developed drugs may find their place in the treatment of thymic tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Patrick J. Loehrer
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Liu Y, Li J, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Chen J, Bian Y, Xia Y, Yang MH, Zheng K, Wang KB, Kong LY. Structure of the Major G-Quadruplex in the Human EGFR Oncogene Promoter Adopts a Unique Folding Topology with a Distinctive Snap-Back Loop. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:16228-16237. [PMID: 37460135 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c05214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors have made remarkable success in targeted cancer therapy. However, therapeutic resistance inevitably occurred and EGFR-targeting therapy has been demonstrated to have limited efficacy or utility in glioblastoma, colorectal cancer, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Therefore, there is a high demand for the development of new targets to inhibit EGFR signaling. Herein, we found that the EGFR oncogene proximal promoter sequence forms a unique type of snap-back loop containing G-quadruplex (G4), which can be targeted by small molecules. For the first time, we determined the NMR solution structure of this snap-back EGFR-G4, a three-tetrad-core, parallel-stranded G4 with naturally occurring flanking residues at both the 5'-end and 3'-end. The snap-back loop located at the 3'-end region forms a stable capping structure through two stacked G-triads connected by multiple potential hydrogen bonds. Notably, the flanking residues are consistently absent in reported snap-back G4s, raising the question of whether such structures truly exist under in vivo conditions. The resolved EGFR-G4 structure has eliminated the doubt and showed distinct structural features that distinguish it from the previously reported snap-back G4s, which lack the flanking residues. Furthermore, we found that the snap-back EGFR-G4 structure is highly stable and can form on an elongated DNA template to inhibit DNA polymerase. The unprecedented high-resolution EGFR-G4 structure has thus contributed a promising molecular target for developing alternative EGFR signaling inhibitors in cancer therapeutics. Meanwhile, the two stacked triads may provide an attractive site for specific small-molecule targeting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yushuang Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinzhu Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongqiang Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingying Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Juannan Chen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuting Bian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanzheng Xia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Hua Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Kewei Zheng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai-Bo Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling-Yi Kong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Shao H, Wells A. Deciphering the molecular mechanism of enhanced tumor activity of the EGFR variant T790M/L858R using melanoma cell lines. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1163504. [PMID: 37333807 PMCID: PMC10272518 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1163504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The abnormal expression and mutagenesis of EGFR drives both the development and progression of a multitude of human cancers. Further mutations within the tyrosine kinase region of the EGFR subsequently contribute to resistance to targeted drugs. What is not known is how these mutations affect progression-related behaviors of cancer cells. Methods The mutagenesis of EGFR T790M, L858R, and T790M/L858R was performed via oligo primer-guided polymerase chain reaction (PCR). GFP-tagged mammalian expression vectors were constructed and confirmed. Stable melanoma cell lines WM983A and WM983B expressing WT or mutant EGFRs were generated for determining the functions of WT and mutant EGFRs in migration, invasion, and resistance to doxorubicin. Immunoblotting and immunofluorescence were performed to detect the transphosphorylation and autophosphorylation of WT and mutant EGFRs and other molecules. Results The EGFR mutant T790M/L858R showed significantly higher basal autophosphorylation in melanoma cell lines WM983A and WM983B. Overexpression of WT EGFR significantly enhanced the protein level of E-cadherin (E-cad) via upregulating its mRNA. In contrast, L858R significantly downregulated E-cad. Biological activity assays show that T790M/L858R presented significant enhancement in vitro in invasion and migration, while WT and T790M moderately inhibited invasion and migration. In WM983A cells, enhanced invasion and migration by T790M/L858R required the downstream signaling pathways through Akt and p38. T790M/L858R dramatically triggers phosphorylation of actin cross-linking protein alpha-actinin-4 in the absence of EGF. This double mutant also conferred resistance to a general chemotherapy doxorubicin through Akt but not the p38 signaling pathway. Conclusion These findings suggest that T790M/L858R not only confers enhanced therapeutic resistance in cancer cell lines but also may promote tumor metastasis via its boosted downstream signaling pathways and/or direct phosphorylation of other key proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanshuang Shao
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States
- Pittsburgh VA Health System, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Alan Wells
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States
- Pittsburgh VA Health System, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Periyasamy L, Murugantham B, Muthusami S. Plumbagin binds to epidermal growth factor receptor and mitigate the effects of epidermal growth factor micro-environment in PANC-1 cells. Med Oncol 2023; 40:184. [PMID: 37209241 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02048-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
A sustained increase in the mortality of pancreatic cancer (PC) and sudden metastasis-related mortality is a cause for concern. Aberrant expression of epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor (EGFR) is noted in several cases of PC metastasis. The present study is aimed at analyzing the expression of EGFR in PC and its relevance to the progression of PC. Despite the number of studies that have shown the benefits of plumbagin on PC cells, its role on cancer stem cells remains largely unknown. To this end, the study used an EGF micro-environment to make cancer stem cells in vitro and ascertained the role of plumbagin in mitigating the actions of EGF. The kaplan-meier (KM) plot indicated reduced overall survival (OS) analysis in PC patients with high EGFR than low EGFR expression. Plumbagin pre-treatment significantly prevented EGF-induced survival, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), clonogenesis, migration, matrix metalloproteinase -2 (MMP-2) gene expression and its secretion, and matrix protein hyaluron production in PANC-1 cells. The computational studies indicate the greater affinity of plumbagin with different domains of EGFR than gefitinib. Several hallmarks of resistance and migration due to EGF are effectively attenuated by plumbagin. Collectively, these results warrant investigating the actions of plumbagin in a pre-clinical study to substantiate these findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Loganayaki Periyasamy
- Department of Biochemistry, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore, 641021, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Bharathi Murugantham
- Karpagam Cancer Research Centre, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore, 641021, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sridhar Muthusami
- Department of Biochemistry, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore, 641021, Tamil Nadu, India.
- Karpagam Cancer Research Centre, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore, 641021, Tamil Nadu, India.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Li X, Zhou J, Wang X, Li C, Ma Z, Wan Q, Peng F. New advances in the research of clinical treatment and novel anticancer agents in tumor angiogenesis. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 163:114806. [PMID: 37163782 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In 1971, Folkman proposed that tumors could be limited to very small sizes by blocking angiogenesis. Angiogenesis is the generation of new blood vessels from pre-existing vessels, considered to be one of the important processes in tumor growth and metastasis. Angiogenesis is a complex process regulated by various factors and involves many secreted factors and signaling pathways. Angiogenesis is important in the transport of oxygen and nutrients to the tumor during tumor development. Therefore, inhibition of angiogenesis has become an important strategy in the clinical management of many solid tumors. Combination therapies of angiogenesis inhibitors with radiotherapy and chemotherapy are often used in clinical practice. In this article, we will review common targets against angiogenesis, the most common and up-to-date anti-angiogenic drugs and clinical treatments in recent years, including active ingredients from chemical and herbal medicines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jianbo Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chunxi Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zifan Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qiaoling Wan
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Fu Peng
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Boyd AE, Grizzard PJ, Hylton Rorie K, Lima S. Lipidomic Profiling Reveals Biological Differences between Tumors of Self-Identified African Americans and Non-Hispanic Whites with Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:2238. [PMID: 37190166 PMCID: PMC10136787 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15082238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In the US, the incidence and mortality of many cancers are disproportionately higher in African Americans (AA). Yet, AA remain poorly represented in molecular studies investigating the roles that biological factors might play in the development, progression, and outcomes of many cancers. Given that sphingolipids, key components of mammalian cellular membranes, have well-established roles in the etiology of cancer progression, malignancy, and responses to therapy, we conducted a robust mass spectrometry analysis of sphingolipids in normal adjacent uninvolved tissues and tumors of self-identified AA and non-Hispanic White (NHW) males with cancers of the lung, colon, liver, and head and neck and of self-identified AA and NHW females with endometrial cancer. In these cancers, AA have worse outcomes than NHW. The goal of our study was to identify biological candidates to be evaluated in future preclinical studies targeting race-specific alterations in the cancers of AA. We have identified that various sphingolipids are altered in race-specific patterns, but more importantly, the ratios of 24- to 16-carbon fatty acyl chain-length ceramides and glucosylceramides are higher in the tumors of AA. As there is evidence that ceramides with 24-carbon fatty acid chain length promote cellular survival and proliferation, whereas 16-carbon chain length promote apoptosis, these results provide important support for future studies tailored to evaluate the potential roles these differences may play in the outcomes of AA with cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- April E. Boyd
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - Pamela J. Grizzard
- Tissue and Data Acquisition and Analysis Core, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | | | - Santiago Lima
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
- Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
He J, Huang W, Li X, Wang J, Nie Y, Li G, Wang X, Cao H, Chen X, Wang X. A new ferroptosis-related genetic mutation risk model predicts the prognosis of skin cutaneous melanoma. Front Genet 2023; 13:988909. [PMID: 36685905 PMCID: PMC9849373 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.988909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent cell death mode and closely linked to various cancers, including skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM). Although attempts have been made to construct ferroptosis-related gene (FRG) signatures for predicting the prognosis of SKCM, the prognostic impact of ferroptosis-related genetic mutations in SKCM remains lacking. This study aims to develop a prediction model to explain the relationship between ferroptosis-related genetic mutations and clinical outcomes of SKCM patients and to explore the potential value of ferroptosis in SKCM treatment. Methods: FRGs which significantly correlated with the prognosis of SKCM were firstly screened based on their single-nucleotide variant (SNV) status by univariate Cox regression analysis. Subsequently, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and Cox regressions were performed to construct a new ferroptosis-related genetic mutation risk (FerrGR) model for predicting the prognosis of SKCM. We then illustrate the survival and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves to evaluate the predictive power of the FerrGR model. Moreover, independent prognostic factors, genomic and clinical characteristics, immunotherapy, immune infiltration, and sensitive drugs were compared between high-and low-FerrGR groups. Results: The FerrGR model was developed with a good performance on survival and ROC analysis. It was a robust independent prognostic indicator and followed a nomogram constructed to predict prognostic outcomes for SKCM patients. Besides, FerrGR combined with tumor mutational burden (TMB) or MSI (microsatellite instability) was considered as a combined biomarker for immunotherapy response. The high FerrGR group patients were associated with an inhibitory immune microenvironment. Furthermore, potential drugs target to high FerrGR samples were predicted. Conclusion: The FerrGR model is valuable to predict prognosis and immunotherapy in SKCM patients. It offers a novel therapeutic option for SKCM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China,Department of Burn Surgery, The First People’s Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Wenting Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinxin Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingru Wang
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First People’s Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Yaxing Nie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Guiqiang Li
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First People’s Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Wang
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First People’s Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Huili Cao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First People’s Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China,*Correspondence: Xusheng Wang, ; Xiaodong Chen,
| | - Xusheng Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Xusheng Wang, ; Xiaodong Chen,
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Seervai RNH, Friske SK, Chu EY, Phillips R, Nelson KC, Huen A, Cho WC, Aung PP, Torres-Cabala CA, Prieto VG, Curry JL. The diverse landscape of dermatologic toxicities of non-immune checkpoint inhibitor monoclonal antibody-based cancer therapy. J Cutan Pathol 2023; 50:72-95. [PMID: 36069496 DOI: 10.1111/cup.14327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since their first approval 25 years ago, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have become important targeted cancer therapeutics. However, dermatologic toxicities associated with non-immune checkpoint inhibitor (non-ICI) mAbs may complicate the course of cancer treatment. Data on the incidence and types of these reactions are limited. METHODS A comprehensive review was conducted on dermatologic toxicities associated with different classes of non-ICI mAbs approved for treatment of solid tumors and hematologic malignancies. The review included prospective Phase 1, 2, and 3 clinical trials; retrospective literature reviews; systematic reviews/meta-analyses; and case series/reports. RESULTS Dermatologic toxicities were associated with several types of non-ICI mAbs. Inflammatory reactions were the most common dermatologic toxicities, manifesting as maculopapular, urticarial, papulopustular/acneiform, and lichenoid/interface cutaneous adverse events (cAEs) with non-ICI mAbs. Immunobullous reactions were rare and a subset of non-ICI mAbs were associated with the development of vitiligo cAEs. CONCLUSION Dermatologic toxicities of non-ICI mAbs are diverse and mostly limited to inflammatory reactions. Awareness of the spectrum of the histopathologic patterns of cAE from non-ICI mAbs therapy is critical in the era of oncodermatology and oncodermatopathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Riyad N H Seervai
- Internal Medicine Residency Program, Providence Portland Medical Center, Portland, Oregon, USA.,Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sarah K Friske
- Department of Dermatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Emily Y Chu
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rhea Phillips
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kelly C Nelson
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Auris Huen
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Woo Cheal Cho
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Phyu P Aung
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Carlos A Torres-Cabala
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Victor G Prieto
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jonathan L Curry
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Park D. Fast Growing Furious Races for Targeting Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptors. Mol Cells 2022; 45:789-791. [PMID: 36380730 PMCID: PMC9676986 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2022.0146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) has been slow compared to other targeted cancer therapies for receptor tyrosine kinases, such as epidermal growth factor receptors. The low efficacy and variable response have limited the growth of FGFR inhibitors in clinical use. Nevertheless, recent systematic and genomic approaches have identified the biological conditions for effectively targeting FGFRs and can accelerate the development of targeted drugs. Under clinical and preclinical trials, the inhibitors started fast growing furious races to target FGFRs. Finally, FGFRs will be more actionable and targetable with more precise and effective drugs at the end of the race, passing the finish line.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daechan Park
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Department of Biological Sciences, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhang B, Liu G, Wang X, Hu X. Identification of Molecular Targets and Potential Mechanisms of Yinchen Wuling San Against Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking. Front Genet 2022; 13:914646. [PMID: 35873484 PMCID: PMC9306494 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.914646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) represents one of the most malignant and heterogeneous tumors, and the patients have low 5-year survival. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been demonstrated as an effective complementary and/or alternative therapy for advanced malignancies including HNSCC. It has been noted that several herbs that are used for preparing Yinchen Wuling San (YWLS) have anti-tumor activities, whereas their mechanisms of action remain elusive. In this study, network pharmacology and molecular docking studies were employed to explore the underlying mechanisms of action of YWLS against HNSCC. The 58 active ingredients from six herbs used for YWLS and their 506 potential targets were screened from the traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform (TCMSP) and SwissTargetPrediction database. A total of 2,173 targets associated with HNSCC were mainly identified from the DisGeNET and GeneCards databases. An active components-targets-disease network was constructed in the Cytoscape. Top 20 hub targets, such as AKT1, EGFR, TNF, ESR1, SRC, HSP90AA1, MAPK3, ERBB2, and CCND1, were identified by a degree in the protein–protein interaction (PPI) network. Gene functional enrichment analysis showed that PI3K-AKT, MAPK, Ras, TNF, and EGFR were the main signaling pathways of YWLS in treating HNSCC. There were 48 intersected targets such as EGFR, AKT1, and TNF that were associated with patients’ outcomes by the univariate Cox analysis, and most of them had increased expression in the tumor as compared to normal tissues. The area under curves of receiver operating characteristic indicated their diagnostic potential. Inhibition of these survival-related targets and/or combination with EGFR or AKT inhibitors were promising therapeutic options in HNSCC. The partial active components of YWLS exhibited good binding with the hub targets, and ADME analysis further evaluated the drug-likeness of the active components. These compounds and targets identified in this study might provide novel treatment strategies for HNSCC patients, and the subsequent work is essential to verify the underlying mechanisms of YWLS against HNSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Biyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering Process of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Genyan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering Process of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Medicine, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China
| | - Xuelei Hu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering Process of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Weber BZC, Agca S, Domaniku A, Bilgic SN, Arabaci DH, Kir S. Inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor suppresses parathyroid hormone-related protein expression in tumours and ameliorates cancer-associated cachexia. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2022; 13:1582-1594. [PMID: 35373517 PMCID: PMC9178359 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer is the primary cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Activation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) leads to lung cancer progression and poor prognosis while involuntary weight loss remains a major problem. Tumour-derived parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) emerged as a potential mediator of cachexia. Here, we investigated the modulatory role of EGFR signalling in PTHrP (encoded by Pthlh) gene expression and the impact of this relationship on cancer cachexia. METHODS Global gene expression profiles of Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells were analysed. Pthlh mRNA levels were measured by qRT-PCR in LLC cells treated with EGFR ligands and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). LLC tumour-bearing mice received EGFR TKI erlotinib for 7 days via intraperitoneal injection or oral gavage. Tumour Pthlh mRNA, weight of fat/muscle tissue, and grip strength were assessed. RNA-seq data from The Cancer Genome Atlas and gene expression analysis tools were used to characterize expression profiles of PTHLH and EGFR along with correlation analysis of PTHLH with EGFR and transforming growth factor alpha (TGFA) in human lung cancer and head and neck squamous carcinoma (HNSC). Survival of lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) and lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) patients with EGFR gene alterations was analysed in regard to PTHLH expression. RESULTS Expression of EGFR ligands, EGFR itself, and PTHrP co-clusters in LLC cells. Activation of EGFR signalling with its ligands significantly increases (3.8-fold, P < 0.0005) while EGFR TKIs significantly decrease (90%, P < 0.0005) Pthlh mRNA levels in LLC cells. Pthlh mRNA drops 65-75% (P < 0.0005) in tumours upon treatment of LLC tumour-bearing mice with erlotinib while their muscle mass and grip strength increase (9.2% P < 0.05, 23% P < 0.005, respectively) compared with tumour-bearing control mice. PTHLH is overexpressed in tumours of LUSC (45.8-fold, P < 0.05) and HNSC (17.5-fold, P < 0.05) compared with normal tissue. PTHLH expression correlates with EGFR and its ligand TGFA in both cancers (LUSC: n = 745, R = 0.32, P < 0.0001 and R = 0.51, P < 0.0001; HNSC: n = 545, R = 0.34, P < 0.001 and R = 0.50, P < 0.001, respectively). High PTHLH mRNA associates with poor overall survival in LUAD patients with activating EGFR mutations (n = 40, log-rank test, P = 0.0451). CONCLUSIONS Epidermal growth factor receptor signalling regulates expression of cachexia mediator PTHrP. EGFR inhibition reduces PTHrP expression in LLC tumours and ameliorates cachexia in LLC tumour-bearing mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Samet Agca
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aylin Domaniku
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sevval Nur Bilgic
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Dilsad H Arabaci
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Serkan Kir
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Chinchilla-Tábora LM, Sayagués JM, González-Morais I, Rodríguez M, Ludeña MD. Prognostic Impact of EGFR Amplification and Visceral Pleural Invasion in Early Stage Pulmonary Squamous Cell Carcinomas Patients after Surgical Resection of Primary Tumor. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14092174. [PMID: 35565304 PMCID: PMC9101408 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last few decades, an increasing amount of information has been accumulated on biomarkers in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Despite these advances, most biomarkers have been identified in the adenocarcinoma histological subtype (AC). However, the application of molecular-targeted therapies in the prognosis and treatment of SCC in the clinical setting is very limited, becoming one of the main focus areas in research. Here, we prospectively analyzed the frequency of numerical/structural abnormalities of chromosomes 5, 7, 8, 9, 13 and 22 with FISH in 48 pulmonary SCC patients. From a total of 12 probes, only abnormalities of the 7p12 and 22q12 chromosomal regions were identified as unique genetic variables associated with the prognosis of the disease. The study for these two chromosomal regions was extended to 108 patients with SCC. Overall, chromosome losses were observed more frequently than chromosome gains, i.e., 61% versus 19% of all the chromosome abnormalities detected. The highest levels of genetic amplification were detected for the 5p15.2, 7p12, 8q24 and 22q11 chromosome bands, of which several genes are potentially involved in the pathogenesis of SCC, among others, include the EGFR gene at chromosome 7p12. Patients who displayed EGFR amplification (n = 13; 12%) were mostly older than 65 years (p = 0.07) and exclusively patients in early T-primary tumor stage (pT1−pT2; p = 0.03) with a significantly shortened overall survival (OS) (p ≤ 0.001). Regarding prognosis, the clinical, biological, and histopathologic characteristics of the disease that displayed a significant adverse influence on OS in the univariate analysis included patients older than 65 years (p = 0.02), the presence of lymph node involvement (p = 0.005), metastasis (p = 0.01) and, visceral pleural invasion (VPI) at diagnosis (p = 0.04). EGFR amplification also conferred an adverse impact on patient OS in the whole series (p = 0.02) and especially in patients in early stages (pT1−pT2; p = 0.01). A multivariate analysis of the prognostic factors for OS showed that the most informative combination of independent variables to predict an adverse outcome was the presence of VPI and/or EGFR amplification (p < 0.001). Based on these two variables, a scoring system was built to stratify patients into low- (no adverse features: score 0; n = 69), intermediate- (one adverse feature: score 1; n = 29) and high-risk (two adverse features: score 2; n = 5) groups, with significantly different (p = 0.001) OS rates at 50 months, which were as following: 32%, 28% and 0%, respectively. In the present study, we show that the presence of a high level of 7p12 (EGFR) amplification, exclusively detected in early stage SCC (pT1−pT2), is an independent adverse prognostic factor for OS. The identification of the EGFR gene copy number using FISH techniques may provide a more accurate diagnosis of high-risk populations after the complete resection of the primary tumor. When combined with VPI, three groups of pulmonary SCC were clearly identified that show the extent of the disease. This is of such importance that further prospective studies are necessary in larger series of SCC patients to be classified at the time of diagnosis. This could be achieved with the combined assessment of 7p12 amplification and VPI in primary tumor samples.
Collapse
|
20
|
Jia D, Wang F, Lu Y, Hu P, Wang R, Li G, Liu R, Li J, Liu H, Fan Q, Yuan F. Fusion of an EGFR-antagonistic affibody enhances the anti-tumor effect of TRAIL to EGFR positive tumors. Int J Pharm 2022; 620:121746. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
21
|
EGFR Mutations in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073818. [PMID: 35409179 PMCID: PMC8999014 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
EGFR is a prototypical receptor tyrosine kinase that is overexpressed in multiple cancers including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). The standard of care for HNSCC remains largely unchanged despite decades of research. While EGFR blockade is an attractive target in HNSCC patients and anti-EGFR strategies including monoclonal antibodies and kinase inhibitors have shown some clinical benefit, efficacy is often due to the eventual development of resistance. In this review, we discuss how the acquisition of mutations in various domains of the EGFR gene not only alter drug binding dynamics giving rise to resistance, but also how mutations can impact radiation response and overall survival in HNSCC patients. A better understanding of the EGFR mutational landscape and its dynamic effects on treatment resistance hold the potential to better stratify patients for targeted therapies in order to maximize therapeutic benefits.
Collapse
|
22
|
Zhang X, Xu Y, Ma L, Yu K, Niu Y, Xu X, Shi Y, Guo S, Xue X, Wang Y, Qiu S, Cui J, Wang H, Tian X, Miao Y, Meng F, Qiao Y, Yu Y, Wang J. Essential roles of exosome and circRNA_101093 on ferroptosis desensitization in lung adenocarcinoma. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2022; 42:287-313. [PMID: 35184419 PMCID: PMC9017758 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Resistance to ferroptosis, a regulated cell death caused by iron‐dependent excessive accumulation of lipid peroxides, has recently been linked to lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Intracellular antioxidant systems are required for protection against ferroptosis. The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether and how extracellular system desensitizes LUAD cells to ferroptosis. Methods Established human lung fibroblasts MRC‐5, WI38, and human LUAD H1650, PC9, H1975, H358, A549, and H1299 cell lines, tumor and matched normal adjacent tissues of LUAD, and plasma from healthy individuals and LUAD patients were used in this study. Immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting were used to analyze protein expression, and quantitative reverse transcription‐PCR was used to analyze mRNA expression. Cell viability, cell death, and the lipid reactive oxygen species generation were measured to evaluate the responses to ferroptosis. Exosomes were observed using transmission electron microscope. The localization of arachidonic acid (AA) was detected using click chemistry labeling followed by confocal microscopy. Interactions between RNAs and proteins were detected using RNA pull‐down, RNA immunoprecipitation and photoactivatable ribonucleoside‐enhanced crosslinking and immunoprecipitation methods. Proteomic analysis was used to investigate RNA‐regulated proteins, and metabolomic analysis was performed to analyze metabolites. Cell‐derived xenograft, patient‐derived xenograft, cell‐implanted intrapulmonary LUAD mouse models and plasma/tissue specimens from LUAD patients were used to validate the molecular mechanism. Results Plasma exosome from LUAD patients specifically reduced lipid peroxidation and desensitized LUAD cells to ferroptosis. A potential explanation is that exosomal circRNA_101093 (cir93) maintained an elevation in intracellular cir93 in LUAD to modulate AA, a poly‐unsaturated fatty acid critical for ferroptosis‐associated increased peroxidation in the plasma membrane. Mechanistically, cir93 interacted with and increased fatty acid‐binding protein 3 (FABP3), which transported AA and facilitated its reaction with taurine. Thus, global AA was reduced, whereas N‐arachidonoyl taurine (NAT, the product of AA and taurine) was induced. Notably, the role of NAT in suppressing AA incorporation into the plasma membrane was also revealed. In pre‐clinical in vivo models, reducing exosome improved ferroptosis‐based treatment. Conclusion Exosome and cir93 are essential for desensitizing LUAD cells to ferroptosis, and blocking exosome may be helpful for future LUAD treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Shanghai Chest Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai 200030 P. R. China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery Shanghai Chest Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai 200030 P. R. China
- Shanghai Institute of Thoracic Oncology Shanghai Chest Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai 200030 P. R. China
| | - Yunhua Xu
- Shanghai Lung Cancer Center Shanghai Chest Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai 200030 P. R. China
| | - Lifang Ma
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Shanghai Chest Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai 200030 P. R. China
- Shanghai Institute of Thoracic Oncology Shanghai Chest Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai 200030 P. R. China
| | - Keke Yu
- Department of Bio‐bank Shanghai Chest Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai 200030 P. R. China
| | - Yongjie Niu
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai 200071 P. R. China
| | - Xin Xu
- Shanghai Institute of Thoracic Oncology Shanghai Chest Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai 200030 P. R. China
| | - Yi Shi
- Bio‐X Institutes Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric disorder Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200030 P. R. China
| | - Susu Guo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University Shanghai 200072 P. R. China
| | - Xiangfei Xue
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University Shanghai 200072 P. R. China
| | - Yikun Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Thoracic Oncology Shanghai Chest Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai 200030 P. R. China
| | - Shiyu Qiu
- Shanghai Institute of Thoracic Oncology Shanghai Chest Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai 200030 P. R. China
| | - Jiangtao Cui
- Department of Thoracic Surgery Shanghai Chest Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai 200030 P. R. China
| | - Hong Wang
- School of Public Health Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai 200025 P. R. China
| | - Xiaoting Tian
- Shanghai Institute of Thoracic Oncology Shanghai Chest Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai 200030 P. R. China
| | - Yayou Miao
- Shanghai Institute of Thoracic Oncology Shanghai Chest Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai 200030 P. R. China
| | - Fanyu Meng
- Shanghai Institute of Thoracic Oncology Shanghai Chest Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai 200030 P. R. China
| | - Yongxia Qiao
- School of Public Health Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai 200025 P. R. China
| | - Yongchun Yu
- Shanghai Institute of Thoracic Oncology Shanghai Chest Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai 200030 P. R. China
| | - Jiayi Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Shanghai Chest Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai 200030 P. R. China
- Shanghai Institute of Thoracic Oncology Shanghai Chest Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai 200030 P. R. China
- Bio‐X Institutes Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric disorder Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200030 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Carboxylated chitosan-mediated improved efficacy of mesoporous silica nanoparticle-based targeted drug delivery system for breast cancer therapy. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 277:118822. [PMID: 34893239 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticle-based targeting of overexpressed cell-surface receptors is a promising strategy that provides precise delivery of drugs to cancer cells. In the present study, we developed highly reproducible and monodispersed, chitosan-coated (pH-responsive), doxorubicin-loaded, aptamer-mesoporous silica nanoparticle (MSN) bioconjugates for actively targeting breast cancer cells harboring overexpression of EGF receptors (EGFR/HER2). The developed targeted MSNs demonstrated higher uptake and cytotoxicity of triple negative and HER2 positive breast cancer cells when compared to non-targeted MSNs. The chitosan coating imparted pH-responsiveness and endo/lysosomal escape ability to MSNs, which augmented cytosolic delivery of an anticancer drug. Partial carboxylation of chitosan coated on MSNs allowed for a greater release of drug in a shorter duration of time while retaining pH-responsiveness and endo/lysosomal escape ability. Overall, the coating of carboxylated-chitosan over MSNs enabled tunable drug release kinetics, conjugation of aptamers (targeting agents), and endo/lysosomal escape which together significantly enhanced the efficacy of the developed drug delivery system.
Collapse
|
24
|
EGFR and HER2 exon 20 insertions in solid tumours: from biology to treatment. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2022; 19:51-69. [PMID: 34561632 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-021-00558-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine kinases of the human epidermal growth factor receptor family, including EGFR and HER2, have emerged as important therapeutic targets in non-small-cell lung, breast and gastroesophageal cancers, and are of relevance for the treatment of various other malignancies (particularly colorectal cancer). Classic activating EGFR exon 19 deletions and exon 21 mutations, and HER2 amplification and/or overexpression, are predictive of response to matched molecularly targeted therapies, translating into favourable objective response rates and survival outcomes. By comparison, cancers with insertion mutations in exon 20 of either EGFR or HER2 are considerably less sensitive to the currently available tyrosine kinase inhibitors and antibodies targeting these receptors. These exon 20 insertions are structurally distinct from other EGFR and HER2 mutations, providing an explanation for this lack of sensitivity. In this Review, we first discuss the prevalence and pan-cancer distribution of EGFR and HER2 exon 20 insertions, their biology and detection, and associated responses to current molecularly targeted therapies and immunotherapies. We then focus on novel approaches that are being developed to more effectively target tumours driven by these non-classic EGFR and HER2 alterations.
Collapse
|
25
|
Kiriwan D, Seetaha S, Jiwacharoenchai N, Tabtimmai L, Sousa SF, Songtawee N, Choowongkomon K. Identification of tripeptides against tyrosine kinase domain of EGFR for lung cancer cell inhibition by in silico and in vitro studies. Chem Biol Drug Des 2021; 99:456-469. [PMID: 34923743 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase domain (EGFR-TK) has been one of the prominent targets for therapeutics of several human cancers, in particular non-small cell lung cancer. Although several small chemical compounds targeting EGFR-TK have been approved by FDA for treatment of such a cancer, the discovery of a new class of EGFR-TK inhibitors, for example, small peptides, is still desired. In this study, using molecular docking-based virtual screening, we selected five small peptides with high docking scores from eight thousand peptides as candidate compounds against EGFR-TK. Among five, the tripeptide WFF had the most potency to suppress the survival of non-small cell lung cancer cells but had the least toxicity to human liver cancer cells. Our in vitro kinase assays showed that WFF exhibited much lower inhibitory activity against purified EGFR-TK than the drug erlotinib (i.e., IC50 values of ≈ 0.62 μM vs ≈ 7.57 nM, respectively). The relative free binding energies estimated from molecular dynamic simulations were consistent with the in vitro experiments in which the WFF bound had a lower affinity than erlotinib bound to EGFR-TK (i.e., ΔGbind values of -20.3 kJ/mol vs ≈ -126.8 kJ/mol, respectively). In addition, the simulation analyses demonstrated the difference in EGFR binding preference between the drug and tripeptide in which erlotinib was stably bound in the ATP-binding pocket for 4-anilinoquinazoline class of inhibitors, while WFF moved out of that pocket to interact with polar amino acid residues on the αC-helix, activation loop, and substrate-binding region. Our findings suggest preferable interactions of the potential tripeptide on enzyme inhibition that are useful for further development of a new class of inhibitors targeting EGFR-TK.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Duangnapa Kiriwan
- Genetic Engineering and Bioinformatics Program, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Supaphorn Seetaha
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Lueacha Tabtimmai
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Science, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sérgio F Sousa
- Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,UCIBIO-Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, BioSIM-Departamento de Biomedicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Napat Songtawee
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Kiattawee Choowongkomon
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Center for Advanced Studies in Nanotechnology for Chemical, Food and Agricultural Industries, KU Institute for Advanced Studies, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Satgunaseelan L, Porazinski S, Strbenac D, Istadi A, Willet C, Chew T, Sadsad R, Palme CE, Lee JH, Boyer M, Yang JYH, Clark JR, Pajic M, Gupta R. Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Young Patients Show Higher Rates of EGFR Amplification: Implications for Novel Personalized Therapy. Front Oncol 2021; 11:750852. [PMID: 34912708 PMCID: PMC8666981 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.750852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an increasing worldwide incidence of patients under 50 years of age presenting with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The molecular mechanisms driving disease in this emerging cohort remain unclear, limiting impactful treatment options for these patients. To identify common clinically actionable targets in this cohort, we used whole genome and transcriptomic sequencing of OSCC patient samples from 26 individuals under 50 years of age. These molecular profiles were compared with those of OSCC patients over 50 years of age (n=11) available from TCGA. We show for the first time that a molecular signature comprising of EGFR amplification and increased EGFR RNA abundance is specific to the young subset of OSCC patients. Furthermore, through functional assays using patient tumor-derived cell lines, we reveal that this EGFR amplification results in increased activity of the EGFR pathway. Using a panel of clinically relevant EGFR inhibitors we determine that an EGFR-amplified patient-derived cell line is responsive to EGFR inhibition, suggesting EGFR amplification represents a valid therapeutic target in this subset of OSCC patients. In particular, we demonstrate sensitivity to the second-generation EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor afatinib, which offers a new and promising therapeutic avenue versus current EGFR-targeting approaches. We propose that testing for EGFR amplification could easily be integrated into current diagnostic workflows and such measures could lead to more personalized treatment approaches and improved outcomes for this younger cohort of OSCC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laveniya Satgunaseelan
- Department of Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, NSW Health Pathology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sean Porazinski
- Cancer Theme, The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Dario Strbenac
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Aji Istadi
- Cancer Theme, The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Cali Willet
- The Sydney Informatics Hub, Core Research Facilities, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Tracy Chew
- The Sydney Informatics Hub, Core Research Facilities, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Rosemarie Sadsad
- The Sydney Informatics Hub, Core Research Facilities, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Carsten E Palme
- Sydney Head and Neck Cancer Institute, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jenny H Lee
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael Boyer
- Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Medical Oncology, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jean Y H Yang
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jonathan R Clark
- Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Head and Neck Cancer Institute, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Royal Prince Alfred Institute of Academic Surgery, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Marina Pajic
- Cancer Theme, The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ruta Gupta
- Department of Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, NSW Health Pathology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Head and Neck Cancer Institute, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Sanaei MJ, Baghery Saghchy Khorasani A, Pourbagheri-Sigaroodi A, Shahrokh S, Zali MR, Bashash D. The PI3K/Akt/mTOR axis in colorectal cancer: Oncogenic alterations, non-coding RNAs, therapeutic opportunities, and the emerging role of nanoparticles. J Cell Physiol 2021; 237:1720-1752. [PMID: 34897682 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the deadliest human malignancies worldwide. Several molecular pathways have been demonstrated to be involved in the initiation and development of CRC which among them, the overactivation of the phosphatidyl-inositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mTOR axis is of importance. The current review aims to unravel the mechanisms by which the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway affects CRC progression; and also, to summarize the original data obtained from international research laboratories on the oncogenic alterations and polymorphisms affecting this pathway in CRC. Besides, we provide a special focus on the regulatory role of noncoding RNAs targeting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in this malignancy. Questions on how this axis is involved in the inhibition of apoptosis, in the induction of drug resistance, and the angiogenesis, epithelial to mesenchymal transition, and metastasis are also responded. We also discussed the PI3K/Akt pathway-associated prognostic and predictive biomarkers in CRC. In addition, we provide a general overview of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway inhibition whether by chemical-based drugs or by natural-based medications in the context of CRC, either as monotherapy or in combination with other therapeutic agents; however, those treatments might have life-threatening side effects and toxicities. To the best of our knowledge, the current review is one of the first ones highlighting the emerging roles of nanotechnology to overcome challenges related to CRC therapy in the hope that providing a promising platform for the treatment of CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad-Javad Sanaei
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Atieh Pourbagheri-Sigaroodi
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shabnam Shahrokh
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Zali
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davood Bashash
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Xiong K, Sun W, He Y, Fan L. Advances in molecular mechanisms of interaction between Mycobacterium tuberculosis and lung cancer: a narrative review. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2021; 10:4012-4026. [PMID: 34858788 PMCID: PMC8577982 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr-21-465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective We systematically review the molecular mechanism of the interaction between lung cancer (LC) and tuberculosis (TB), and put forward the existing problems in order to provide suggestions for early intervention and future research direction. Background TB and LC are two global public health problems affecting human health. LC is the main cause of cancer-related death worldwide and TB is one of the leading causes of death among infectious diseases, especially in resource-poor areas. Previous studies have suggested that a history of TB may be associated with an increased risk of LC. With the improvement of LC treatment, the occurrence of pulmonary tuberculosis in the course of LC treatment is also frequently reported recently. Methods The molecular immunological mechanisms of interaction between LC and TB, and related epidemiological literature are reviewed. The research progress and problems to be solved are summarized. Conclusions Chronic inflammation, immune abnormalities, scar formation, gene mutations and drug effects caused by TB may be associated with the occurrence of LC induced by abnormalities in various molecular pathways. LC and decreased immunity during treatment may also increase the risk of latent TB activation or new TB infection through immune pathways. Data on dual burden areas of TB and LC are still lacking, and more clinical studies are needed to elucidate the association.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kunlong Xiong
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease (Tuberculosis), Department of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Tuberculosis, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenwen Sun
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease (Tuberculosis), Department of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Tuberculosis, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yayi He
- Department of Tuberculosis, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Fan
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease (Tuberculosis), Department of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Tuberculosis, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Peckys DB, Gaa D, de Jonge N. Quantification of EGFR-HER2 Heterodimers in HER2-Overexpressing Breast Cancer Cells Using Liquid-Phase Electron Microscopy. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113244. [PMID: 34831465 PMCID: PMC8623301 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, breast cancer patients are classified uniquely according to the expression level of hormone receptors, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). This coarse classification is insufficient to capture the phenotypic complexity and heterogeneity of the disease. A methodology was developed for absolute quantification of receptor surface density ρR, and molecular interaction (dimerization), as well as the associated heterogeneities, of HER2 and its family member, the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in the plasma membrane of HER2 overexpressing breast cancer cells. Quantitative, correlative light microscopy (LM) and liquid-phase electron microscopy (LPEM) were combined with quantum dot (QD) labeling. Single-molecule position data of receptors were obtained from scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) images of intact cancer cells. Over 280,000 receptor positions were detected and statistically analyzed. An important finding was the subcellular heterogeneity in heterodimer shares with respect to plasma membrane regions with different dynamic properties. Deriving quantitative information about EGFR and HER2 ρR, as well as their dimer percentages, and the heterogeneities thereof, in single cancer cells, is potentially relevant for early identification of patients with HER2 overexpressing tumors comprising an enhanced share of EGFR dimers, likely increasing the risk for drug resistance, and thus requiring additional targeted therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana B. Peckys
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, University Hospital, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany;
| | - Daniel Gaa
- INM—Leibniz Institute for New Materials, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany;
| | - Niels de Jonge
- INM—Leibniz Institute for New Materials, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany;
- Department of Physics, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Diao X, Guo C, Liu L, Wang G, Li S. Identification and validation of an individualized prognostic signature of lung squamous cell carcinoma based on ferroptosis-related genes. Thorac Cancer 2021; 12:3236-3247. [PMID: 34672420 PMCID: PMC8636213 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.14195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC), one of the main pathological types of lung cancer, has led to consequential socioeconomic burden. Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent form of cell death process with potentials for therapeutic target in various kinds of tumors. However, whether ferroptosis-related genes (FRGs) are associated with the prognosis of LUSC patients is still unclear. The aim of this study was to establish a FRGs-based signature which could stratify patients with LUSC. METHODS The RNA sequencing profiles and corresponding clinical data of LUSC patients were retrieved from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset. A FRG-based signature was developed using the TCGA-LUSC cohort and validated in the GEO cohort. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and analysis of immune cell characteristics were conducted to assess the relationship between FRGs and biological function or immune status. A nomogram based on selected clinical factors and the risk scores which were generated from the FRG-based signature was developed using the TCGA cohort and validated in the GEO cohort. RESULTS A set of 16 FRGs, significantly associated with overall survival (OS) in the TCGA cohort, was identified and could classify LUSC patients into two risk groups. Kaplan-Meier analysis illustrated that the survival rate of the high-risk group was significantly lower than the low-risk group. Assessment and external validation of the signature showed that the survival predictive performance of this signature was adequate. Additionally, multiple pathways and functions were enriched through GSEA and the analysis of immune cell characteristics showed significantly different abundances of immune cells among the two risk groups. Finally, a nomogram integrating the FRG-based signature and selected clinical factors was also developed and assessed in both the TCGA and GEO cohort. CONCLUSION This study indicated the association between the FRGs and prognosis of patients with LUSC. Targeting ferroptosis may serve as a novel potential therapeutic alternative for LUSC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiayao Diao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Guo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Guige Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shanqing Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Monteagudo C, Fúnez R, Sánchez-Sendra B, González-Muñoz JF, Nieto G, Alfaro-Cervelló C, Murgui A, Barr RJ. Cutaneous Lymphadenoma Is a Distinct Trichoblastoma-like Lymphoepithelial Tumor With Diffuse Androgen Receptor Immunoreactivity, Notch1 Ligand in Reed-Sternberg-like Cells, and Common EGFR Somatic Mutations. Am J Surg Pathol 2021; 45:1382-1390. [PMID: 34232601 PMCID: PMC8428866 DOI: 10.1097/pas.0000000000001727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The term "cutaneous lymphadenoma" was coined in this journal for an unusual lymphoepithelial cutaneous adnexal neoplasm, possibly with immature pilosebaceous differentiation. Some authors further proposed that cutaneous lymphadenoma was an adamantinoid trichoblastoma. However, although a hair follicle differentiation is widely accepted, the fact that this is a lymphoepithelial tumor is not appropriately explained by the trichoblastoma hypothesis. Our goal was to further clarify the phenotypic and genotypic features of cutaneous lymphadenoma in a series of 11 cases. Histologically, a lobular architecture surrounded by a dense fibrous stroma was present in all cases. The lobules were composed of epithelial cells admixtured with small lymphocytes and isolated or clustered large Reed-Sternberg-like (RS-L) cells. The epithelial cells were diffusely positive for the hair follicle stem cell markers CK15, PHLDA1, and for androgen receptor. No immunostaining for markers of sebaceous differentiation was found. Intraepithelial lymphocytes were predominantly CD3+, CD4+, FoxP3+ T cells. RS-L cells showed both strong Jagged-1 and Notch1 cytoplasmic immunostaining. Androgen-regulated NKX3.1 nuclear immunostaining was present in a subset of large intralobular cells in all cases. Double immunostaining showed coexpression of NKX3.1 and CD30 in a subset of RS-L cells. No immunostaining for lymphocytic or epithelial markers was present in RS-L cells. EGFR, PIK3CA, and FGFR3 somatic mutations were found by next-generation sequencing in 56% of the cases. We consider that cutaneous lymphadenoma is a distinct benign lymphoepithelial tumor with androgen receptor and hair follicle bulge stem cell marker expression, RS-L cell-derived Notch1 ligand, and common EGFR gene mutations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Monteagudo
- Department of Pathology, University Clinic Hospital, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute
- Departments of Pathology
| | - Rafael Fúnez
- Department of Pathology, Costa del Sol Health Agency, Málaga, Spain
| | | | - José F. González-Muñoz
- Department of Pathology, University Clinic Hospital, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute
| | | | - Clara Alfaro-Cervelló
- Department of Pathology, University Clinic Hospital, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute
| | - Amelia Murgui
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Valencia, Valencia
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Zhang W, Dong X. Positive progress for non-small cell lung cancer with epidermal growth factor receptor exon 20 insertion mutations: A novel targeted therapy option. J Oncol Pharm Pract 2021; 27:2007-2009. [PMID: 34569378 DOI: 10.1177/10781552211044980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor gene exon 20 insertion mutations are seen in ∼4-12% of patients with epidermal growth factor receptor-mutant non-small cell lung cancer. However, there is no targeted therapy approved for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer patients with these rare epidermal growth factor receptor mutations. Previous studies revealed that epidermal growth factor receptor gene exon 20 insertion mutations are unique in their ability to activate epidermal growth factor receptor without the typical structural changes associated with the common epidermal growth factor receptor mutations, reducing the clinical efficacy of epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors currently approved for non-small cell lung cancer. Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify active epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors and other effective treatment strategies for non-small cell lung cancer patients with epidermal growth factor receptor gene exon 20 insertion mutations. Mobocertinib is a novel irreversible epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor that selectively targets epidermal growth factor receptor gene exon 20 insertion mutations. Preclinical study revealed that mobocertinib inhibited the viability of epidermal growth factor receptor gene exon 20 insertion mutations-driven patient-derived xenografts and murine orthotopic tumors more potently than traditional epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors. In a study recently published in Cancer Discovery, Gonzalvez et al. assessed the safety, tolerability, and antitumor efficacy of mobocertinib in metastatic non-small cell lung cancer patients with epidermal growth factor receptor gene exon 20 insertion mutations. They found that non-small cell lung cancer patients with epidermal growth factor receptor gene exon 20 insertion mutations can benefit from mobocertinib treatment. Additionally, the treatment-related toxicity of mobocertinib was manageable. These findings lay the foundation for the application of mobocertinib in epidermal growth factor receptor gene exon 20 insertion-mutated non-small cell lung cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weisan Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, 117865Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, People's Republic of China
| | - Xifeng Dong
- Department of Hematology, 117865Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
The Role of Oncogenes and Redox Signaling in the Regulation of PD-L1 in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13174426. [PMID: 34503236 PMCID: PMC8431622 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13174426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells can evade the immune system via multiple mechanisms, including the dysregulation of the immune checkpoint signaling. These signaling molecules are important factors that can either stimulate or inhibit tumor immune response. Under normal physiological conditions, the interaction between programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and its receptor, programmed cell death 1 (PD-1), negatively regulates T cell function. In cancer cells, high expression of PD-L1 plays a key role in cancer evasion of the immune surveillance and seems to be correlated with clinical response to immunotherapy. As such, it is important to understand various mechanisms by which PD-L1 is regulated. In this review article, we provide an up-to-date review of the different mechanisms that regulate PD-L1 expression in cancer. We will focus on the roles of oncogenic signals (c-Myc, EML4-ALK, K-ras and p53 mutants), growth factor receptors (EGFR and FGFR), and redox signaling in the regulation of PD-L1 expression and discuss their clinical relevance and therapeutic implications. These oncogenic signalings have common and distinct regulatory mechanisms and can also cooperatively control tumor PD-L1 expression. Finally, strategies to target PD-L1 expression in tumor microenvironment including combination therapies will be also discussed.
Collapse
|
34
|
Xu Z, Qin F, Yuan L, Wei J, Sun Y, Qin J, Deng K, Zheng T, Li S. EGFR DNA Methylation Correlates With EGFR Expression, Immune Cell Infiltration, and Overall Survival in Lung Adenocarcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:691915. [PMID: 34447695 PMCID: PMC8383738 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.691915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a primary target of molecular targeted therapy for lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). The mechanisms that lead to epigenetic abnormalities of EGFR in LUAD are still unclear. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the abnormal methylation of EGFR CpG sites as potential biomarkers for LUAD. Methods To assess the differentially methylation CpG sites of EGFR in LUAD, we used an integrative study of Illumina HumanMethylation450K and RNA-seq data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). We evaluated and compared EGFR multiple-omics data to explore the role of CpG sites located in EGFR promoter regions and gene body regions and the association with transcripts, protein expression levels, mutations, and somatic copy number variation. We calculated the correlation coefficients between CpG sites of EGFR and immune infiltration fraction (by MCPcounter and ESTIMATE) and immune-related pathways in LUAD. Finally, we validated the differential methylation of clinically and prognostically relevant CpG sites using quantitative methylation-specific PCR (qMSP). Results We found that the methylation level of many EGFR CpGs in the promoter region was negatively correlated with the transcription level, protein expression, and SCNV, while the methylation at the gene body region was positively correlated with these features. The methylation level of EGFR CpGs in the promoter region was positively correlated with the level of immune infiltration and IFN-γ signature, while the opposite was found for methylation of the gene body region. The qMSP results showed that cg02316066 had a high methylation level, while cg02166842 had a low methylation level in LUAD. There was a high degree of co-methylation between cg02316066 and cg03046247. Conclusion Our data indicate that EGFR is an epigenetic regulator in LUAD acting through DNA methylation. Our research provides a theoretical basis for the further detection of EGFR DNA methylation as a predictive biomarker for LUAD survival and immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhanyu Xu
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Fanglu Qin
- School of Information and Management, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Liqiang Yuan
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jiangbo Wei
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Junqi Qin
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Kun Deng
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Tiaozhan Zheng
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Shikang Li
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
White T, Szelinger S, LoBello J, King A, Aldrich J, Garinger N, Halbert M, Richholt RF, Mastrian SD, Babb C, Ozols AA, Goodman LJ, Basu GD, Royce T. Analytic validation and clinical utilization of the comprehensive genomic profiling test, GEM ExTra ®. Oncotarget 2021; 12:726-739. [PMID: 33889297 PMCID: PMC8057276 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We developed and analytically validated a comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) assay, GEM ExTra, for patients with advanced solid tumors that uses Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) to characterize whole exomes employing a paired tumor-normal subtraction methodology. The assay detects single nucleotide variants (SNV), indels, focal copy number alterations (CNA), TERT promoter region, as well as tumor mutation burden (TMB) and microsatellite instability (MSI) status. Additionally, the assay incorporates whole transcriptome sequencing of the tumor sample that allows for the detection of gene fusions and select special transcripts, including AR-V7, EGFR vIII, EGFRvIV, and MET exon 14 skipping events. The assay has a mean target coverage of 180X for the normal (germline) and 400X for tumor DNA including enhanced probe design to facilitate the sequencing of difficult regions. Proprietary bioinformatics, paired with comprehensive clinical curation results in reporting that defines clinically actionable, FDA-approved, and clinical trial drug options for the management of the patient's cancer. GEM ExTra demonstrated analytic specificity (PPV) of > 99.9% and analytic sensitivity of 98.8%. Application of GEM ExTra to 1,435 patient samples revealed clinically actionable alterations in 83.9% of reports, including 31 (2.5%) where therapeutic recommendations were based on RNA fusion findings only.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tracey White
- Ashion Analytics, LLC, Phoenix, Arizona 85004, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Szabolcs Szelinger
- Ashion Analytics, LLC, Phoenix, Arizona 85004, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | | | - Amy King
- Ashion Analytics, LLC, Phoenix, Arizona 85004, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Cody Babb
- Ashion Analytics, LLC, Phoenix, Arizona 85004, USA
| | | | | | | | - Thomas Royce
- Ashion Analytics, LLC, Phoenix, Arizona 85004, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Young KH. Intensive chemotherapy and sequential hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: Is it necessary for high-risk T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma? Cancer Commun (Lond) 2021; 41:273-274. [PMID: 33605562 PMCID: PMC7968878 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ken H Young
- Division of Hematopathology, Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Duke University Cancer Institute, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Pandey M, Gromiha MM. Predicting potential residues associated with lung cancer using deep neural network. Mutat Res 2021; 822:111737. [PMID: 33508631 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2020.111737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is a prominent type of cancer, which leads to high mortality rate worldwide. The major lung cancers lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and lung squamous carcinoma (LUSC) occur mainly due to somatic driver mutations in proteins and screening of such mutations is often cost and time intensive. Hence, in the present study, we systematically analyzed the preferred residues, residues pairs and motifs of 4172 disease prone sites in 195 proteins and compared with 4137 neutral sites. We observed that the motifs LG, QF and TST are preferred in disease prone sites whereas GK, KA and ISL are predominant in neutral sites. In addition, Gly, Asp, Glu, Gln and Trp are preferred in disease prone sites whereas, Ile, Val, Lys, Asn and Phe are preferred in neutral sites. Further, utilizing deep neural networks, we have developed a method for predicting disease prone sites with amino acid sequence based features such as physicochemical properties, conservation scores, secondary structure and di and tri-peptide motifs. The model is able to predict the disease prone sites at an accuracy of 81 % with sensitivity, specificity and AUC of 82 %, 78 % and 0.91, respectively, on 10-fold cross-validation. When the model was tested with a set of 417 disease-causing and 413 neutral sites, we obtained an accuracy and AUC of 80 % and 0.89, respectively. We suggest that our method can serve as an effective method to identify the disease causing and neutral sites in lung cancer. We have developed a web server CanProSite for identifying the disease prone sites and it is freely available at-https://web.iitm.ac.in/bioinfo2/CanProSite/.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Medha Pandey
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
| | - M Michael Gromiha
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India; School of Computing, Tokyo Tech World Research Hub Initiative (WRHI), Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Midori-ku, Kanagawa, 226-8503, Yokohama, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Mori T, Kumagai K, Nasu K, Yoshizawa T, Kuwano K, Hamada Y, Kanazawa H, Suzuki R. Clonal Expansion of Tumor-Infiltrating T Cells and Analysis of the Tumor Microenvironment within Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Relapsed after Definitive Chemoradiation Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031098. [PMID: 33499345 PMCID: PMC7865796 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Comparable prognoses after definitive chemoradiation therapy (CRT) to surgery alone for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) have been previously reported; however, no robust prognostic markers have been established. The clonality of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and tumor microenvironments (TMEs) in ESCC relapsed after CRT were examined to explore prognostic markers. (2) Methods: Clonality of TIL and TME were examined in ESCC with and without preceding CRT, as well as oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and healthy volunteers as controls. The clonality of TIL was assessed by T-cell receptor (TCR) α and β repertoire analyses and evaluated by diversity indices. The TME was assessed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction evaluating PD-L1 and CD8B. (3) Results: The clonal expansion of TIL was significantly induced within ESCCs and OSCCs, when compared to healthy volunteers, and was mostly induced within ESCCs after definitive CRT. Diversity indices of TIL were not associated with the prognosis, but the ratio of PD-L1 mRNA to CD8B mRNA in TME was significantly associated with a poor prognosis after salvage surgery (p = 0.007). (4) Conclusions: The clonal expansion of TIL is induced after definitive CRT for ESCC, and the ratio of PD-L1 mRNA to CD8B mRNA within tumor tissues is a prognostic marker candidate for salvage esophagectomy after CRT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Mori
- Departments of Clinical Oncology and Gastroenterological Surgery, National Hospital Organization Sagamihara National Hospital, 18-1 Sakuradai, Minami-ku, Sagamihara 252-0392, Japan
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Clinical Research Center for Rheumatology and Allergy, National Hospital Organization Sagamihara National Hospital, 18-1 Sakuradai, Minami-ku, Sagamihara 252-0385, Japan; (K.K.); (K.N.); (T.Y.); (K.K.); (R.S.)
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-8501, Japan;
- Correspondence:
| | - Kenichi Kumagai
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Clinical Research Center for Rheumatology and Allergy, National Hospital Organization Sagamihara National Hospital, 18-1 Sakuradai, Minami-ku, Sagamihara 252-0385, Japan; (K.K.); (K.N.); (T.Y.); (K.K.); (R.S.)
- Department of Surgery, National Hospital Organization Sagamihara National Hospital, 18-1 Sakuradai, Minami-ku, Sagamihara 252-0392, Japan;
- Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aobaku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
| | - Keisuke Nasu
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Clinical Research Center for Rheumatology and Allergy, National Hospital Organization Sagamihara National Hospital, 18-1 Sakuradai, Minami-ku, Sagamihara 252-0385, Japan; (K.K.); (K.N.); (T.Y.); (K.K.); (R.S.)
- Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aobaku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
| | - Takamasa Yoshizawa
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Clinical Research Center for Rheumatology and Allergy, National Hospital Organization Sagamihara National Hospital, 18-1 Sakuradai, Minami-ku, Sagamihara 252-0385, Japan; (K.K.); (K.N.); (T.Y.); (K.K.); (R.S.)
- Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aobaku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
| | - Koji Kuwano
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Clinical Research Center for Rheumatology and Allergy, National Hospital Organization Sagamihara National Hospital, 18-1 Sakuradai, Minami-ku, Sagamihara 252-0385, Japan; (K.K.); (K.N.); (T.Y.); (K.K.); (R.S.)
- Department of Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery and Orthodontics, The University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Hamada
- Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aobaku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
| | - Hideki Kanazawa
- Department of Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery and Orthodontics, The University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Ryuji Suzuki
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Clinical Research Center for Rheumatology and Allergy, National Hospital Organization Sagamihara National Hospital, 18-1 Sakuradai, Minami-ku, Sagamihara 252-0385, Japan; (K.K.); (K.N.); (T.Y.); (K.K.); (R.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Kołat D, Kałuzińska Ż, Orzechowska M, Bednarek AK, Płuciennik E. Functional genomics of AP-2α and AP-2γ in cancers: in silico study. BMC Med Genomics 2020; 13:174. [PMID: 33213447 PMCID: PMC7678100 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-020-00823-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among all causes of death, cancer is the most prevalent and is only outpaced by cardiovascular diseases. Molecular theory of carcinogenesis states that apoptosis and proliferation are regulated by groups of tumor suppressors or oncogenes. Transcription factors are example of proteins comprising representatives of both cancer-related groups. Exemplary family of transcription factors which exhibits dualism of function is Activating enhancer-binding Protein 2 (AP-2). Scientific reports concerning their function in carcinogenesis depend on particular family member and/or tumor type which proves the issue to be unsolved. Therefore, the present study examines role of the best-described AP-2 representatives, AP-2α and AP-2γ, through ontological analysis of their target genes and investigation what processes are differentially regulated in 21 cancers using samples deposited in Genomic Data Analysis Center (GDAC) Firehose. METHODS Expression data with clinical annotation was collected from TCGA-dedicated repository GDAC Firehose. Transcription factor targets were obtained from Gene Transcription Regulation Database (GTRD), TRANScription FACtor database (TRANSFAC) and Transcriptional Regulatory Relationships Unraveled by Sentence-based Text mining (TRRUST). Monocle3 R package was used for global samples profiling while Protein ANalysis THrough Evolutionary Relationships (PANTHER) tool was used to perform gene ontology analysis. RESULTS With RNA-seq data and Monocle3 or PANTHER tools we outlined differences in many processes and signaling pathways, separating tumor from normal tissues or tumors from each other. Unexpectedly, a number of alterations in basal-like breast cancer were identified that distinguished it from other subtypes, which could bring future clinical benefits. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that while the AP-2α/γ role remains ambiguous, their activity is based on processes that underlie the cancer hallmarks and their expression could have potential in diagnosis of selected tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Damian Kołat
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Medical University of Lodz, 90-752, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Żaneta Kałuzińska
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Medical University of Lodz, 90-752, Lodz, Poland
| | - Magdalena Orzechowska
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Medical University of Lodz, 90-752, Lodz, Poland
| | - Andrzej K Bednarek
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Medical University of Lodz, 90-752, Lodz, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Płuciennik
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Medical University of Lodz, 90-752, Lodz, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Fibroblast growth factor 8 overexpression is predictive of poor prognosis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Eur Surg 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10353-020-00669-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Summary
Background
Despite distinctive advances in the field of pancreatic cancer therapy over the past few years, patient survival remains poor. Fibroblast growth factors 8 (FGF8) and 18 (FGF18) both play a role in modulating the activity of malignant cells and have been identified as promising biomarkers in a number of cancers. However, no data exist on the expression of FGF8 and FGF18 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC).
Methods
Protein expression levels of FGF8 and FGF18 in postoperative specimens of neoadjuvantly treated and primarily resected patients were investigated using immunohistochemistry. Immunostaining scores were calculated as the products of the staining intensity and the staining rate. Scores exceeding the median score were considered as high expression.
Results
Specimens from 78 patients with PDAC were available and met the eligibility criteria for analysis of protein expression using immunohistochemistry. 15 (19.2%) patients had received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. High protein levels of FGF8 and FGF18 were detected in 40 (51.8%) and 33 (42.3%) patients, respectively. Kaplan–Meier analysis demonstrated significantly shorter overall survival in patients with high expression of FGF8 (p = 0.04). Multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression models revealed that high expression of FGF8 (Hazard ratio [HR] 0.53, 95% Confidence interval [CI] 0.32–0.89, p = 0.016) was an independent prognostic factor for diminished overall survival in patients with PDAC. By contrast, no statistical significance was found for FGF18 overexpression. In addition, the FGF8 protein level correlated with the factor resection margin (p = 0.042).
Conclusion
FGF8 is a promising target for new anticancer therapies using FGF inhibitors in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas.
Collapse
|
41
|
Wang FYF, Wang-Gou SY, Cao H, Jiang N, Yang Q, Huang Q, Huang CH, Li XJ. Proteomics identifies EGF-like domain multiple 7 as a potential therapeutic target for epidermal growth factor receptor-positive glioma. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2020; 40:518-530. [PMID: 32888253 PMCID: PMC7571400 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glioma, the most frequent primary tumor of the central nervous system, has poor prognosis. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway and angiogenesis play important roles in glioma growth, invasion, and recurrence. The present study aimed to use proteomic methods to probe into the role of the EGF‐EGFR‐angiogenesis axis in the tumorigenesis of glioma and access the therapeutic efficacy of selumetinib on glioma. Methods Proteomic profiling was used to characterize 200 paired EGFR‐positive and EGFR‐negative glioma tissues of all pathological types. The quantitative mass spectrometry data were used for systematic analysis of the proteomic profiles of 10 EGFR‐positive and 10 EGFR‐negative glioma cases. Consensus‐clustering analysis was used to screen target proteins. Immunofluorescence analysis, cell growth assay, and intracranial xenograft experiments were used to verify and test the therapeutic effect of selumetinib on glioma. Results Advanced proteomic screening demonstrated that the expression of EGF‐like domain multiple 7 (EGFL7) was higher in EGFR‐positive tumor tissues than in EGFR‐negative tumor tissues. In addition, EGFL7 could act as an activator in vitro and in vivo to promote glioma cell proliferation. EGFL7 was associated strongly with EGFR and prognosis. EGFL7 knockdown effectively suppressed glioma cell proliferation. Selumetinib treatment showed tumor reduction effect in EGFR‐positive glioblastoma xenograft mouse model. Conclusions EGFL7 is a potential diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target of glioma. Selumetinib could target the EGFR pathway and possibly improve the prognosis of EGFR‐positive glioma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei-Yi-Fan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, P. R. China
| | - Si-Yi Wang-Gou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, P. R. China
| | - Hang Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, P. R. China
| | - Nian Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, P. R. China
| | - Qi Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, P. R. China
| | - Qi Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, P. R. China
| | - Chun-Hai Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jishou University, Jishou, Hunan, 416000, P. R. China
| | - Xue-Jun Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, P. R. China.,Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Brain Tumor Research, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Rehmani HS, Issaeva N. EGFR in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: exploring possibilities of novel drug combinations. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:813. [PMID: 32793658 PMCID: PMC7396252 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2020.04.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hina S Rehmani
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Natalia Issaeva
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Liu H, Zhang B, Sun Z. Spectrum of EGFR aberrations and potential clinical implications: insights from integrative pan-cancer analysis. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2020; 40:43-59. [PMID: 32067422 PMCID: PMC7163653 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is an oncogenic gene and one of top targets of precision therapy in lung cancer with EGFR mutations. Although there are many reports for some individual cancers, comprehensive profiling of EGFR mutations, overexpression, amplification, DNA methylation, and their clinical associations across many different cancers simultaneously was not available. This study aimed to fill the gap and provide insights to the alteration spectrum of EGFR and its therapeutic and prognostic implications. Methods The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) datasets for 32 cancer types involving 11,314 patients were analyzed for alterations (mutations and amplification/deletion), abnormal expression and DNA methylation in EGFR gene. Mutation frequency, genomic location distribution, functional impact, and clinical targeted therapy implication were compared among different cancer types, and their associations with patient survival were analyzed. Results EGFR alteration frequency, mutation sites across functional domains, amplification, overexpression, and DNA methylation patterns differed greatly among different cancer types. The overall mutation frequency in all cancers combined was relatively low. Targetable mutations, mainly in lung cancer, were primarily found in the Pkinase_Tyr domain. Glioblastoma multiforme had the highest rate of alterations, but it was dominated by gene amplification and most mutations were in the Furin‐like domain where targeted therapy was less effective. Low‐grade glioma often had gene amplification and increased EGFR expression which was associated with poor outcome. Colon and pancreatic adenocarcinoma had very few EGFR mutations; however, high EGFR expression was significantly associated with short patient survival. Squamous cell carcinoma regardless of their sites (the head and neck, lung, or esophagus) exhibited similar characteristics with an alteration frequency of about 5.0%, was dominated by gene amplification, and had increased EGFR expression generally associated with short patient survival. DNA methylation was highly associated with EGFR expression and patient outcomes in some cancers. Conclusions EGFR aberration type, frequency, distribution in functional domains, and expression vary from cancer to cancer. While mutations in the Pkinase_Tyr domain are more important for treatment selection, increased expression from amplification or deregulation affects more tumor types and leads to worse outcome, which calls for new treatment strategies for these EGFR‐driven tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haijing Liu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Hospital, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China.,Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Hospital, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Zhifu Sun
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| |
Collapse
|