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Liao H, Zhang C, Wang F, Jin F, Zhao Q, Wang X, Wang S, Gao J. Tumor-derived extracellular vesicle proteins as new biomarkers and targets in precision oncology. J Mol Med (Berl) 2024; 102:961-971. [PMID: 38814362 PMCID: PMC11269371 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-024-02452-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are important carriers of signaling molecules, such as nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids, and have become a focus of increasing interest due to their numerous physiological and pathological functions. For a long time, most studies on EV components focused on noncoding RNAs; however, in recent years, extracellular vesicle proteins (EVPs) have been found to play important roles in diagnosis, treatment, and drug resistance and thus have been considered favorable biomarkers and therapeutic targets for various tumors. In this review, we describe the general protocols of research on EVPs and summarize their multifaceted roles in precision medicine applications, including cancer diagnosis, dynamic monitoring of therapeutic efficacy, drug resistance research, tumor microenvironment interaction research, and anticancer drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Liao
- Department of Oncology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research, Cancer Institute, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen-Peking University-Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Fen Wang
- Department of Oncology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research, Cancer Institute, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen-Peking University-Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Feng Jin
- Department of Oncology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research, Cancer Institute, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen-Peking University-Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qiqi Zhao
- Chi Biotech Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Shubin Wang
- Department of Oncology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research, Cancer Institute, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen-Peking University-Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Jing Gao
- Department of Oncology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research, Cancer Institute, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen-Peking University-Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, China.
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Zhang B, Xu B, Yu L, Pei Y, He Y. The Diagnostic and Prognostic Value of Plasma Circulating CircNUP98 for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. Curr Mol Med 2024; 24:226-232. [PMID: 36330641 DOI: 10.2174/1566524023666221103152824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our preliminary sequencing analysis revealed increased expression levels of circNUP98 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). This study was therefore carried out to explore the role of circNUP98 in NPC. METHODS The present study enrolled 56 patients with NPC, 44 patients with cervical lymphadenitis (CL), 50 patients with nose bleeding (NB), 50 patients with chronic sinusitis (CS), 50 patients with lymph node tuberculosis (LNT), and 50 healthy controls (Control). Plasma samples were obtained from all patients and the controls. In addition, NPC and paired non-tumor tissue samples were collected from the 56 NPC patients. The expression of circNUP98 in both tissue and plasma samples was determined by RT-qPCR. The 56 NPC patients were followed up for 5 years to analyze the associations between plasma expression of circNUP98 and the survival of patients. The diagnostic value of circNUP98 for NPC was analyzed through ROC curve analysis. RESULTS The plasma expression levels of circNUP98 were only increased in NPC, but not in CL, NB, CS and LNT groups compared to that in the Control group. In addition, increased expression levels of circNUP98 were observed in NPC tissues compared to that in non-tumor tissues. Plasma circNUP98 was closely correlated with circNUP98 in NPC tissues, but not circNUP98 in non-tumor tissues. With plasma circNUP98 as a biomarker, NPC patients were separated from CL, NB, CS, LNT, and the Control groups. The Plasma expression of circNUP98 was found to be positively correlated with the poor survival of patients. Moreover, plasma circNUP98 was only closely associated with tumor metastasis, but not tumor size. CONCLUSION The expression of circNUP98 in plasma may be used to diagnose NPC and predict patients' survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhang
- E.N.T. Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University, No. 247, Renmin Road, Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province, 315020, P.R. China
| | - Bohuai Xu
- E.N.T. Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University, No. 247, Renmin Road, Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province, 315020, P.R. China
| | - Lujie Yu
- E.N.T. Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University, No. 247, Renmin Road, Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province, 315020, P.R. China
| | - Yingying Pei
- E.N.T. Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University, No. 247, Renmin Road, Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province, 315020, P.R. China
| | - Yong He
- E.N.T. Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University, No. 247, Renmin Road, Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province, 315020, P.R. China
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Yang F, Liu C, Li P, Wu A, Ma-Lauer Y, Zhang H, Su Z, Lu W, von Brunn A, Zhu D. Targeting Cyclophilin A and CD147 to Inhibit Replication of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and SARS-CoV-2-Induced Inflammation. Mol Pharmacol 2023; 104:239-254. [PMID: 37827578 DOI: 10.1124/molpharm.122.000587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Identification and development of effective therapeutics for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are still urgently needed. The CD147-spike interaction is involved in the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2 invasion process in addition to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Cyclophilin A (CyPA), the extracellular ligand of CD147, has been found to play a role in the infection and replication of coronaviruses. In this study, our results show that CyPA inhibitors such as cyclosporine A (CsA) and STG-175 can suppress the intracellular replication of SARS-CoV-2 by inhibiting the binding of CyPA to the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid C-terminal domain (N-CTD), and the IC50 is 0.23 μM and 0.17 μM, respectively. Due to high homology, CsA also had inhibitory effects on SARS-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and the IC50 is 3.2 μM and 2.8 μM, respectively. Finally, we generated a formulation of phosphatidylserine (PS)-liposome-CsA for pulmonary drug delivery. These findings provide a scientific basis for identifying CyPA as a potential drug target for the treatment of COVID-19 as well as for the development of broad-spectrum inhibitors for coronavirus via targeting CyPA. Highlights: 1) SARS-CoV-2 infects cells via the binding of its S protein and CD147; 2) binding of SARS-CoV-2 N protein and CyPA is essential for viral replication; 3) CD147 and CyPA are potential therapeutic targets for SARS-CoV-2; and 4) CsA is a potential therapeutic strategy by interrupting CD147/CyPA interactions. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: New severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2 variants and other pathogenic coronaviruses (CoVs) are continually emerging, and new broad-spectrum anti-CoV therapy is urgently needed. We found that binding sites of cyclophilin A/cyclosporin A (CyPA/CsA) overlap with CyPA/N-CTD (nucleocapsid C-terminal domain), which shows the potential to target CyPA during SARS-CoV-2 infection. Here, we provide new evidence for targeting CyPA in the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as well as the potential of developing CyPA inhibitors for broad-spectrum inhibition of CoVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy (F.Y., C.L.), Minhang Hospital and School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery Ministry of Education (A.W., W.L.), and Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences (D.Z.), Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Max-von-Pettenkofer Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich and German Center for Infection Research, Munich, Germany (P.L., Y.M.-L., A.V.B.); Novel Technology Center of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry Co., Ltd., China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, China (H.Z.); and S & T Global, Inc., Woburn, Massachusetts (Z.S.)
| | - Chenglong Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy (F.Y., C.L.), Minhang Hospital and School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery Ministry of Education (A.W., W.L.), and Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences (D.Z.), Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Max-von-Pettenkofer Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich and German Center for Infection Research, Munich, Germany (P.L., Y.M.-L., A.V.B.); Novel Technology Center of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry Co., Ltd., China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, China (H.Z.); and S & T Global, Inc., Woburn, Massachusetts (Z.S.)
| | - Pengyuan Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy (F.Y., C.L.), Minhang Hospital and School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery Ministry of Education (A.W., W.L.), and Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences (D.Z.), Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Max-von-Pettenkofer Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich and German Center for Infection Research, Munich, Germany (P.L., Y.M.-L., A.V.B.); Novel Technology Center of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry Co., Ltd., China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, China (H.Z.); and S & T Global, Inc., Woburn, Massachusetts (Z.S.)
| | - Aihua Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy (F.Y., C.L.), Minhang Hospital and School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery Ministry of Education (A.W., W.L.), and Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences (D.Z.), Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Max-von-Pettenkofer Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich and German Center for Infection Research, Munich, Germany (P.L., Y.M.-L., A.V.B.); Novel Technology Center of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry Co., Ltd., China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, China (H.Z.); and S & T Global, Inc., Woburn, Massachusetts (Z.S.)
| | - Yue Ma-Lauer
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy (F.Y., C.L.), Minhang Hospital and School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery Ministry of Education (A.W., W.L.), and Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences (D.Z.), Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Max-von-Pettenkofer Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich and German Center for Infection Research, Munich, Germany (P.L., Y.M.-L., A.V.B.); Novel Technology Center of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry Co., Ltd., China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, China (H.Z.); and S & T Global, Inc., Woburn, Massachusetts (Z.S.)
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy (F.Y., C.L.), Minhang Hospital and School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery Ministry of Education (A.W., W.L.), and Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences (D.Z.), Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Max-von-Pettenkofer Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich and German Center for Infection Research, Munich, Germany (P.L., Y.M.-L., A.V.B.); Novel Technology Center of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry Co., Ltd., China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, China (H.Z.); and S & T Global, Inc., Woburn, Massachusetts (Z.S.)
| | - Zhuang Su
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy (F.Y., C.L.), Minhang Hospital and School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery Ministry of Education (A.W., W.L.), and Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences (D.Z.), Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Max-von-Pettenkofer Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich and German Center for Infection Research, Munich, Germany (P.L., Y.M.-L., A.V.B.); Novel Technology Center of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry Co., Ltd., China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, China (H.Z.); and S & T Global, Inc., Woburn, Massachusetts (Z.S.)
| | - Wei Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy (F.Y., C.L.), Minhang Hospital and School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery Ministry of Education (A.W., W.L.), and Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences (D.Z.), Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Max-von-Pettenkofer Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich and German Center for Infection Research, Munich, Germany (P.L., Y.M.-L., A.V.B.); Novel Technology Center of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry Co., Ltd., China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, China (H.Z.); and S & T Global, Inc., Woburn, Massachusetts (Z.S.)
| | - Albrecht von Brunn
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy (F.Y., C.L.), Minhang Hospital and School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery Ministry of Education (A.W., W.L.), and Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences (D.Z.), Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Max-von-Pettenkofer Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich and German Center for Infection Research, Munich, Germany (P.L., Y.M.-L., A.V.B.); Novel Technology Center of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry Co., Ltd., China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, China (H.Z.); and S & T Global, Inc., Woburn, Massachusetts (Z.S.)
| | - Di Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy (F.Y., C.L.), Minhang Hospital and School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery Ministry of Education (A.W., W.L.), and Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences (D.Z.), Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Max-von-Pettenkofer Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich and German Center for Infection Research, Munich, Germany (P.L., Y.M.-L., A.V.B.); Novel Technology Center of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry Co., Ltd., China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, China (H.Z.); and S & T Global, Inc., Woburn, Massachusetts (Z.S.)
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Zheng XH, Deng CM, Zhou T, Li XZ, Tang CL, Jiang CT, Liao Y, Wang TM, He YQ, Jia WH. Saliva biopsy: Detecting the difference of EBV DNA methylation in the diagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Int J Cancer 2023; 153:882-892. [PMID: 37170851 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Saliva sampling is a non-invasive method, and could be performed by donors themselves. However, there are few studies reporting biomarkers in saliva in the diagnosis of NPC. A total of 987 salivary samples were used in this study. First, EBV DNA methylation was profiled by capture sequencing in the discovery cohort (n = 36). Second, a q-PCR based method was developed and five representative EBV DNA CpG sites (11 029 bp, 45 849 bp, 57 945 bp, 66 226 bp and 128 102 bp) were selected and quantified to obtain the methylated density in the validation cohort1 (n = 801). Third, a validation cohort2 (n = 108) was used to further verify the differences of EBV methylation in saliva. A significant increase of EBV methylation was found in NPC patients compared with controls. The methylated score of EBV genome obtained by capture sequencing could distinguish NPC from controls (sensitivity 90%, specificity 100%). Further, the methylated density of EBV DNA CpG sites revealed by q-PCR showed a good diagnostic performance. The sensitivity and specificity of detecting a single CpG site (11 029 bp) could reach 75.4% and 99.7% in the validation cohort1, and 78.2% and 100% in the validation cohort2. Besides, the methylated density of the CpG site was found to decrease below the COV in NPC patients after therapy, and increase above the COV after recurrence. Our study provides an appealing alternative for the non-invasive detection of NPC without clinical setting. It paves the way for conducting a home-based large-scale screening in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hui Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chang-Mi Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ting Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xi-Zhao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Cao-Li Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Cheng-Tao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tong-Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yong-Qiao He
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei-Hua Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Zhang J, Huang D, Lan X, Deng D, Li J, Zhang D, Li Y, Zhong T, Peng S. Application of small extracellular vesicles in the diagnosis and prognosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1100941. [PMID: 36968209 PMCID: PMC10036369 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1100941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a malignant tumor originating from the epithelium of the nasopharynx. The disease is insidious, and most patients are diagnosed at the advanced stage, resulting in poor prognosis. Early diagnosis is important to reduce NPC mortality. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are rich in a variety of bioactive molecules, such as proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids, which can participate in the physiological and pathological regulation of the body by affecting the function of target cells. Numerous studies have shown that some RNAs and proteins in sEVs of tumor origin have a key role in the development of NPC and are potential candidates for malignancy detection. Studying the relationship between the cargoes of these sEVs and NPC may help in the diagnosis of the disease. Here in this review, we summarize the application of sEVs as biomarkers in the diagnosis of NPC and their role in NPC metastasis and prognosis. In addition, we discuss possible future applications and limitations of sEVs as biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Zhang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Department of Otolaryngology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Defa Huang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Xianbin Lan
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Department of Otolaryngology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Dongming Deng
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Department of Otolaryngology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Jijing Li
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Department of Otolaryngology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Dongzhi Zhang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Department of Otolaryngology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Yue Li
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Department of Otolaryngology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Tianyu Zhong
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Precision Medicine Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Tianyu Zhong, ; Shaoping Peng,
| | - Shaoping Peng
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Department of Otolaryngology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Tianyu Zhong, ; Shaoping Peng,
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Kim B, Kim KM. Role of Exosomes and Their Potential as Biomarkers in Epstein-Barr Virus-Associated Gastric Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15020469. [PMID: 36672418 PMCID: PMC9856651 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15020469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are a subtype of extracellular vesicles ranging from 30 to 150 nm and comprising many cellular components, including DNA, RNA, proteins, and metabolites, encapsulated in a lipid bilayer. Exosomes are secreted by many cell types and play important roles in intercellular communication in cancer. Viruses can hijack the exosomal pathway to regulate viral propagation, cellular immunity, and the microenvironment. Cells infected with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), one of the most common oncogenic viruses, have also been found to actively secrete exosomes, and studies on their roles in EBV-related malignancies are ongoing. In this review, we focus on the role of exosomes in EBV-associated gastric cancer and their clinical applicability in diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binnari Kim
- Department of Pathology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Mee Kim
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
- Center of Companion Diagnostics, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-3410-2807; Fax: +82-2-3410-6396
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Galardi A, Stathopoulos C, Colletti M, Lavarello C, Russo I, Cozza R, Romanzo A, Carcaboso AM, Locatelli F, Petretto A, Munier FL, Di Giannatale A. Proteomics of Aqueous Humor as a Source of Disease Biomarkers in Retinoblastoma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113458. [PMID: 36362243 PMCID: PMC9659039 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Aqueous humor (AH) can be easily and safely used to evaluate disease-specific biomarkers in ocular disease. The aim of this study was to identify specific proteins biomarkers in the AH of retinoblastoma (RB) patients at various stages of the disease. We analyzed the proteome of 53 AH samples using high-resolution mass spectrometry. We grouped the samples according to active vitreous seeding (Group 1), active aqueous seeding (Group 2), naive RB (group 3), inactive RB (group 4), and congenital cataracts as the control (Group 5). We found a total of 889 proteins in all samples. Comparative parametric analyses among the different groups revealed three additional proteins expressed in the RB groups that were not expressed in the control group. These were histone H2B type 2-E (HISTH2B2E), InaD-like protein (PATJ), and ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2 V1 (UBE2V1). Upon processing the data of our study with the OpenTarget Tool software, we found that glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and CD44 were more highly expressed in the RB groups. Our results provide a proteome database regarding AH related to RB disease that may be used as a source of biomarkers. Further prospective studies should validate our finding in a large cohort of RB patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Galardi
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Cell and Gene Therapy, IRCCS, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Piazza di Sant’ Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Christina Stathopoulos
- Jules Gonin Eye Hospital, Fondation Asile des Aveugles, University of Lausanne, 1002 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marta Colletti
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Cell and Gene Therapy, IRCCS, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Piazza di Sant’ Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Lavarello
- Core Facilities-Clinical Proteomics and Metabolomics, IRCCS, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via Gerolamo Gaslini 5, 16147 Genoa, Italy
| | - Ida Russo
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Cell and Gene Therapy, IRCCS, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Piazza di Sant’ Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaele Cozza
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Cell and Gene Therapy, IRCCS, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Piazza di Sant’ Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonino Romanzo
- Ophtalmology Unit, IRCCS, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Piazza Sant’Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Angel M. Carcaboso
- SJD Pediatric Cancer Center Barcelona, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Deu, Esplugues de Llobregat, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Franco Locatelli
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Cell and Gene Therapy, IRCCS, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Piazza di Sant’ Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy
- Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Petretto
- Core Facilities-Clinical Proteomics and Metabolomics, IRCCS, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via Gerolamo Gaslini 5, 16147 Genoa, Italy
| | - Francis L. Munier
- Jules Gonin Eye Hospital, Fondation Asile des Aveugles, University of Lausanne, 1002 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Angela Di Giannatale
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Cell and Gene Therapy, IRCCS, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Piazza di Sant’ Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
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8
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Xin S, Liu L, Li Y, Yang J, Zuo L, Cao P, Yan Q, Li S, Yang L, Cui T, Lu J. Cyclophilin A binds to AKT1 and facilitates the tumorigenicity of Epstein-Barr virus by mediating the activation of AKT/mTOR/NF-κB positive feedback loop. Virol Sin 2022; 37:913-921. [PMID: 36075565 PMCID: PMC9797372 DOI: 10.1016/j.virs.2022.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The AKT/mTOR and NF-κB signalings are crucial pathways activated in cancers including nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), which is prevalent in southern China and closely related to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. How these master pathways are persistently activated in EBV-associated NPC remains to be investigated. Here we demonstrated that EBV-encoded latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) promoted cyclophilin A (CYPA) expression through the activation of NF-κB. The depletion of CYPA suppressed cell proliferation and facilitated apoptosis. CYPA was able to bind to AKT1, thus activating AKT/mTOR/NF-κB signaling cascade. Moreover, the use of mTOR inhibitor, rapamycin, subverted the activation of the positive feedback loop, NF-κB/CYPA/AKT/mTOR. It is reasonable that LMP1 expression derived from initial viral infection is enough to assure the constant potentiation of AKT/mTOR and NF-κB signalings. This may partly explain the fact that EBV serves as a tumor-promoting factor with minimal expression of the viral oncoprotein LMP1 in malignancies. Our findings provide new insight into the understanding of causative role of EBV in tumorigenicity during latent infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyu Xin
- Hunan Cancer Hospital/the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China,Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China,China-Africa Research Center of Infectious Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China,Department of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410080, China
| | - Lingzhi Liu
- Hunan Cancer Hospital/the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China,Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China,China-Africa Research Center of Infectious Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China,Department of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410080, China
| | - Yanling Li
- Hunan Cancer Hospital/the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China,Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Hunan Cancer Hospital/the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Lielian Zuo
- Hunan Cancer Hospital/the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Pengfei Cao
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China,Department of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410080, China
| | - Qijia Yan
- Department of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410080, China
| | - Shen Li
- Hunan Cancer Hospital/the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China,Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Li Yang
- Hunan Cancer Hospital/the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China,Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Taimei Cui
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Jianhong Lu
- Hunan Cancer Hospital/the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China,Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China,China-Africa Research Center of Infectious Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China,Department of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410080, China,Corresponding author.
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9
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Shan Y, Zhou P, Zhou Q, Yang L. Extracellular Vesicles in the Progression and Therapeutic Resistance of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:2289. [PMID: 35565418 PMCID: PMC9101631 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an epithelial malignancy largely associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, which is frequently reported in east and southeast Asia. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) originate from the endosome or plasma membrane, which plays a critical role in tumor pathogenesis for their character of cell-cell communication and its cargos, including proteins, RNA, and other molecules that can target recipient cells and affect their progression. To date, numerous studies have indicated that EVs have crucial significance in the progression, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance of NPC. In this review, we not only summarize the interaction of NPC cells and the tumor microenvironment (TME) through EVs, but also explain the role of EVs in radiation and drug resistance of NPC, which poses a severe threat to cancer therapy. Therefore, EVs may show great potential as biomarkers in the early diagnosis of interfered targets of NPC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhan Shan
- Department of Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China; (Y.S.); (P.Z.); (Q.Z.)
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Peijun Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China; (Y.S.); (P.Z.); (Q.Z.)
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Qin Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China; (Y.S.); (P.Z.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Lifang Yang
- Department of Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China; (Y.S.); (P.Z.); (Q.Z.)
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
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10
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Xie Y, Yang L, Cao P, Li S, Zhang W, Dang W, Xin S, Jiang M, Xin Y, Li J, Long S, Wang Y, Zhang S, Yang Y, Lu J. Plasma Exosomal Proteomic Pattern of Epstein-Barr Virus-Associated Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:821311. [PMID: 35464963 PMCID: PMC9019563 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.821311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (EBV-HLH) is a life-threatening syndrome, which is caused by EBV infection that is usually refractory to treatment and shows relapse. The development of new biomarkers for the early diagnosis and clinical treatment of EBV-HLH is urgently needed. Exosomes have been shown to mediate various biological processes and are ideal non-invasive biomarkers. Here, we present the differential plasma exosomal proteome of a patient with EBV-HLH before vs. during treatment and with that of his healthy twin brother. A tandem mass tag-labeled LC-MS technique was employed for proteomic detection. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses indicated that differential proteomic profiles were related to virus infection, coagulopathy, nervous system dysfunction, imbalance of immune response, and abnormal liver function. The candidate biomarkers were first identified in the patient’s plasma exosomes at different treatment and follow-up time points. Then, 14 additional EBV-HLH exosome samples were used to verify six differentially expressed proteins. The upregulation of C-reactive protein, moesin, galectin three-binding protein, and heat shock cognate 71 kDa protein and the downregulation of plasminogen and fibronectin 1 could serve as potential biomarkers of EBV-HLH. This plasma exosomal proteomic analysis provides new insights into the diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers of EBV-HLH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xie
- Department of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Healthcare Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
- China-Africa Research Center of Infectious Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Healthcare Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
- China-Africa Research Center of Infectious Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Pengfei Cao
- Department of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- China-Africa Research Center of Infectious Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shen Li
- Department of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Healthcare Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
- China-Africa Research Center of Infectious Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wentao Zhang
- Department of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Healthcare Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
- China-Africa Research Center of Infectious Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Dang
- Department of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Healthcare Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
- China-Africa Research Center of Infectious Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shuyu Xin
- Department of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Healthcare Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
- China-Africa Research Center of Infectious Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mingjuan Jiang
- Department of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Healthcare Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
- China-Africa Research Center of Infectious Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yujie Xin
- Department of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Healthcare Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
- China-Africa Research Center of Infectious Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Healthcare Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
- China-Africa Research Center of Infectious Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Sijing Long
- Department of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Healthcare Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
- China-Africa Research Center of Infectious Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yiwei Wang
- Department of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Healthcare Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
- China-Africa Research Center of Infectious Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Senmiao Zhang
- Department of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Healthcare Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
- China-Africa Research Center of Infectious Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Healthcare Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
- China-Africa Research Center of Infectious Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianhong Lu
- Department of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Healthcare Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
- China-Africa Research Center of Infectious Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Jianhong Lu,
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11
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Su ZY, Siak PY, Leong CO, Cheah SC. Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma and Its Microenvironment: Past, Current, and Future Perspectives. Front Oncol 2022; 12:840467. [PMID: 35311066 PMCID: PMC8924466 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.840467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an epithelial malignancy that raises public health concerns in endemic countries. Despite breakthroughs in therapeutic strategies, late diagnosis and drug resistance often lead to unsatisfactory clinical outcomes in NPC patients. The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex niche consisting of tumor-associated cells, such as fibroblasts, endothelial cells, leukocytes, that influences tumor initiation, progression, invasion, and metastasis. Cells in the TME communicate through various mechanisms, of note, exosomes, ligand-receptor interactions, cytokines and chemokines are active players in the construction of TME, characterized by an abundance of immune infiltrates with suppressed immune activities. The NPC microenvironment serves as a target-rich niche for the discovery of potential promising predictive or diagnostic biomarkers and the development of therapeutic strategies. Thus, huge efforts have been made to exploit the role of the NPC microenvironment. The whole picture of the NPC microenvironment remains to be portrayed to understand the mechanisms underlying tumor biology and implement research into clinical practice. The current review discusses the recent insights into the role of TME in the development and progression of NPC which results in different clinical outcomes of patients. Clinical interventions with the use of TME components as potential biomarkers or therapeutic targets, their challenges, and future perspectives will be introduced. This review anticipates to provide insights to the researchers for future preclinical, translational and clinical research on the NPC microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Yi Su
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Pui Yan Siak
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chee-Onn Leong
- Centre of Cancer and Stem Cells Research, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Institute for Research, Development and Innovation, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shiau-Chuen Cheah
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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12
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Peng L, Jiang J, Chen HN, Zhou L, Huang Z, Qin S, Jin P, Luo M, Li B, Shi J, Xie N, Deng LW, Liou YC, Nice EC, Huang C, Wei Y. Redox-sensitive cyclophilin A elicits chemoresistance through realigning cellular oxidative status in colorectal cancer. Cell Rep 2021; 37:110069. [PMID: 34852234 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells utilize rapidly elevated cellular antioxidant programs to accommodate chemotherapy-induced oxidative stress; however, the underlying mechanism remains largely unexplored. Here we screen redox-sensitive effectors as potential therapeutic targets for colorectal cancer (CRC) treatment and find that cyclophilin A (CypA) is a compelling candidate. Our results show that CypA forms an intramolecular disulfide bond between Cys115 and Cys161 upon oxidative stress and the oxidized cysteines in CypA are recycled to a reduced state by peroxiredoxin-2 (PRDX2). Furthermore, CypA reduces cellular reactive oxygen species levels and increases CRC cell survival under insults of H2O2 and chemotherapeutics through a CypA-PRDX2-mediated antioxidant apparatus. Notably, CypA is upregulated in chemoresistant CRC samples, which predicts poor prognosis. Moreover, targeting CypA by cyclosporine A exhibits promising efficacy against chemoresistant CRC when combined with chemotherapeutics. Collectively, our findings highlight CypA as a component of cellular noncanonical antioxidant defense and as a potential druggable therapeutic target to ameliorate CRC chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China; West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
| | - Jingwen Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China; West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Ning Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
| | - Li Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China; West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
| | - Zhao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China; West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
| | - Siyuan Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China; West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
| | - Ping Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China; West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
| | - Maochao Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China; West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
| | - Bowen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China; West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
| | - Jiayan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China; West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
| | - Na Xie
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
| | - Lih-Wen Deng
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117596, Singapore
| | - Yih-Cherng Liou
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore; Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117573, Singapore
| | - Edouard C Nice
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Canhua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China; West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China.
| | - Yuquan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
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13
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Chen W, Xie Y, Wang T, Wang L. New insights into Epstein‑Barr virus‑associated tumors: Exosomes (Review). Oncol Rep 2021; 47:13. [PMID: 34779497 PMCID: PMC8600424 DOI: 10.3892/or.2021.8224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is endemic worldwide and is associated with a number of human tumors. EBV-associated tumors have unique mechanisms of tumorigenesis. EBV encodes multiple oncogenic molecules that can be loaded into exosomes released by EBV+ tumor cells to mediate intercellular communication. Moreover, different EBV+ tumor cells secrete exosomes that act on various target cells with various biological functions. In addition to oncogenicity, EBV+ exosomes have potential immunosuppressive effects. Investigating EBV+ exosomes could identify the role of EBV in tumorigenesis and progression. The present review summarized advances in studies focusing on exosomes and the functions of EBV+ exosomes derived from different EBV-associated tumors. EBV+ exosomes are expected to become a new biomarker for disease diagnosis and prognosis. Therefore, exosome-targeted therapy displays potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yao Xie
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
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14
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Exosomes in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Clin Chim Acta 2021; 523:355-364. [PMID: 34666030 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a malignant epithelial tumor with a unique geographical distribution, primarily prevalent in East Africa and Asia. Although there is an increased understanding of the pathogenesis and risk factors of NPC, prevention and treatment efforts remain limited. Various studies have indicated that exosomes are actively involved in NPC by delivering biomolecules such as non-coding RNAs and proteins to target cells. In this review, we summarize the biological functions of exosomes in NPC and highlight their prospects as diagnostic biomarkers. In NPC, exosomes can manipulate the tumor microenvironment, participate in chemotherapy and radiation resistance, induce immune suppression, promote pathological angiogenesis, and support metastasis, and thus they could also be promising biomarkers. Because exosomes have essential effects and unusual biological properties, they have a promising future in diagnostic monitoring and prognostic evaluation. Although there are technical issues associated with using exosomes in large-scale applications, they have unparalleled advantages in assisting the clinical management of NPC.
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15
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Luo R, Liu M, Yang Q, Cheng H, Yang H, Li M, Bai X, Wang Y, Zhang H, Wang S, Xie T, Tian Q. Emerging Diagnostic Potential of Tumor-derived Exosomes. J Cancer 2021; 12:5035-5045. [PMID: 34234872 PMCID: PMC8247367 DOI: 10.7150/jca.59391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes carry genetic information originating from their parental cells, raising their possibility as novel noninvasive biomarkers for cancer. Tumor-derived exosomes (TEXs) have a variety of endogenous cargos that reflect the pathophysiology status and information of tumor cells. TEXs are increasingly being recognized as potential biomarkers for cancer diagnosis prognosis, and monitoring. It is important to develop a variety of sensitive methods, including probes and biomaterials to isolate exosomes. A variety of approaches for detecting exosomes have been established. By combining exosome DNA and RNA sequencing tools, exosome proteomics analysis and immunoassay technology, it is expected that exosomes will gain widespread use in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruhua Luo
- College of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines; Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Mengmeng Liu
- College of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines; Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Qian Yang
- College of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines; Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Huijuan Cheng
- College of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines; Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Huimin Yang
- College of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines; Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Minhui Li
- College of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines; Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Xue Bai
- College of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines; Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Yue Wang
- College of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines; Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Honghua Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines; Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Shuling Wang
- College of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines; Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Tian Xie
- College of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines; Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Qingchang Tian
- College of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines; Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
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16
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Extracellular Vesicles as a Novel Liquid Biopsy-Based Diagnosis for the Central Nervous System, Head and Neck, Lung, and Gastrointestinal Cancers: Current and Future Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13112792. [PMID: 34205183 PMCID: PMC8200014 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary To improve clinical outcomes, early diagnosis is mandatory in cancer patients. Several diagnostic approaches have been proposed, however, the main drawback relies on the invasive procedures required. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are bilayer lipid membrane structures released by almost all cells and transferred to remote sites via the bloodstream. The observation that their cargo reflects the cell of origin has opened a new frontier for non-invasive biomarker discovery in oncology. Moreover, since EVs can be recovered from different body fluids, their impact as a Correctdiagnostic tool has gained particular interest. Hence, in the last decade, several studies using different biological fluids have been performed, showing the valuable contributions of EVs as tumour biomarkers, and their improved diagnostic power when combined with currently available tumour markers. In this review, the most relevant data on the diagnostic relevance of EVs, alone or in combination with the well-established tumour markers, are discussed. Abstract Early diagnosis, along with innovative treatment options, are crucial to increase the overall survival of cancer patients. In the last decade, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have gained great interest in biomarker discovery. EVs are bilayer lipid membrane limited structures, released by almost all cell types, including cancer cells. The EV cargo, which consists of RNAs, proteins, DNA, and lipids, directly mirrors the cells of origin. EVs can be recovered from several body fluids, including blood, cerebral spinal fluid (CSF), saliva, and Broncho-Alveolar Lavage Fluid (BALF), by non-invasive or minimally invasive approaches, and are therefore proposed as feasible cancer diagnostic tools. In this review, methodologies for EV isolation and characterization and their impact as diagnostics for the central nervous system, head and neck, lung, and gastrointestinal cancers are outlined. For each of these tumours, recent data on the potential clinical applications of the EV’s unique cargo, alone or in combination with currently available tumour biomarkers, have been deeply discussed.
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17
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Luo H, Yi B. The role of Exosomes in the Pathogenesis of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma and the involved Clinical Application. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:2147-2156. [PMID: 34239345 PMCID: PMC8241729 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.59688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are nanoscale membrane vesicles, which carry biologically active substances of their cell of origin and play an important role in signal transduction and intercellular communication. At present, exosomes have been identified as a promising non-invasive liquid biopsy biomarker in the tissues and circulating blood of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and found to participate in regulating pathophysiological process of the tumor. We here review recent insights gained into the molecular mechanisms of exosome-induced cell growth, angiogenesis, metastasis, immunosuppression, radiation resistance and chemotherapy resistance in the development and progression of NPC, as well as the clinical application of exosomes as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic agents. We also discuss the limitations and challenges in exosome application. We hope this review may provide some references for the use of exosomes in clinical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huidan Luo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410008, China
| | - Bin Yi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410008, China
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18
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Xue VW, Yang C, Wong SCC, Cho WCS. Proteomic profiling in extracellular vesicles for cancer detection and monitoring. Proteomics 2021; 21:e2000094. [PMID: 33665903 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202000094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanometer-size lipid vesicles released by cells, which play essential biological functions in intercellular communication. Increasing evidence indicates that EVs participate in cancer development, including invasion, migration, metastasis, and cancer immune modulation. One of the key mechanisms is that EVs affect different cells in the tumor microenvironment through surface-anchor proteins and protein cargos. Moreover, proteins specifically expressed in tumor-derived EVs can be applied in cancer diagnosis and monitoring. Besides, the EV proteome also helps to understand drug resistance in cancers and to guide clinical medication. With the development of mass spectrometry and array-based multi-protein detection, the research of EV proteomics has entered a new era. The high-throughput parallel proteomic profiling based on these new platforms allows us to study the impact of EV proteome on cancer progression more comprehensively and to describe the proteomic landscape in cancers with more details. In this article, we review the role and function of different types of EVs in cancer progression. More importantly, we summarize the proteomic profiling of EVs based on different methods and the application of EV proteome in cancer detection and monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Weiwen Xue
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Centre, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chenxi Yang
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Sze Chuen Cesar Wong
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
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19
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Chu MY, Huang HC, Li EM, Xu LY. CypA: A Potential Target of Tumor Radiotherapy and/or Chemotherapy. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:3787-3802. [PMID: 33121398 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666201029161055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Cyclophilin A (CypA) is a ubiquitous and highly conserved protein. CypA, the intracellular target protein for the immunosuppressant cyclosporine A (CsA), plays important cellular roles through peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase (PPIase). Increasing evidence shows that CypA is up-regulated in a variety of human cancers. In addition to being involved in the occurrence and development of multiple tumors, overexpression of CypA has also been shown to be strongly associated with malignant transformation. Surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy are the three main treatments for cancer. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy are often used as direct or adjuvant treatments for cancer. However, various side effects and resistance to both chemotherapy and radiotherapy bring great challenges to these two forms of treatment. According to recent reports, CypA can improve the chemosensitivity and/or radiosensitivity of cancers, possibly by affecting the expression of drug-resistant related proteins, cell cycle arrest and activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. In this review, we focus on the role of CypA in cancer, its impact on cancer chemotherapeutic and radiotherapy sensitivity, and the mechanism of action. It is suggested that CypA may be a novel potential therapeutic target for cancer chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man-Yu Chu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - He-Cheng Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shantou Central Hospital, Affiliated Shantou Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shantou, China
| | - En-Ming Li
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Li-Yan Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
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20
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Liao K, Niu F, Hu G, Yang L, Dallon B, Villarreal D, Buch S. Morphine-mediated release of miR-138 in astrocyte-derived extracellular vesicles promotes microglial activation. J Extracell Vesicles 2020; 10:e12027. [PMID: 33304479 PMCID: PMC7710131 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Opioids, such as morphine, are the mainstay for the management of postsurgical pain. Over the last decade there has been a dramatic increase in deaths related to opioid overdose. While opioid abuse has been shown to result in increased neuroinflammation, mechanism(s) underlying this process, remain less understood. In recent years, microRNAs have emerged as key mediators of gene expression regulating both paracrine signaling and cellular crosstalk. MiRNAs constitute the extracellular vesicle (EV) cargo and can shuttle from the donor to the recipient cells. Exposure of human primary astrocytes to morphine resulted in induction and release of miR‐138 in the EVs isolated from conditioned media of cultured astrocytes. Released EVs were, in turn, taken up by the microglia, leading to activation of these latter cells. Interestingly, activation of microglia involved binding of the GUUGUGU motif of miR138 to the endosomal toll like receptor (TLR)7, leading, in turn, to cellular activation. These findings were further corroborated in vivo in wildtype mice wherein morphine administration resulted in increased microglial activation in the thalamus. In TLR7−/− mice on the other hand, morphine failed to induce microglial activation. These findings have ramifications for the development of EV‐loaded anti‐miRNAs as therapeutics for alleviating neuroinflammation in opioids abusers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Liao
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha Nebraska USA
| | - Fang Niu
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha Nebraska USA
| | - Guoku Hu
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha Nebraska USA
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha Nebraska USA
| | - Blake Dallon
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha Nebraska USA
| | - Delaney Villarreal
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha Nebraska USA
| | - Shilpa Buch
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha Nebraska USA
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21
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Qu X, Li JW, Chan J, Meehan K. Extracellular Vesicles in Head and Neck Cancer: A Potential New Trend in Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218260. [PMID: 33158181 PMCID: PMC7662588 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancer (HNC) is a fatal and debilitating disease that is characterized by steady, poor survival rates despite advances in treatment. There is an urgent and unmet need to improve our understanding of what drives this insidious cancer and causes poor outcomes. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small vesicles that originate from tumor cells, immune cells, and other cell types and are secreted into plasma, saliva, and other bio-fluids. EVs represent dynamic, real-time changes of cells and offer an exciting opportunity to improve our understanding of HNC biology that may translate to improved clinical practice. Considering the amplified interest in EVs, we have sought to provide a contemporary review of the most recent and salient literature that is shaping the field. Herein, we discuss the functionality of EVs in HNCs and their clinical potential with regards to biomarker and therapeutic capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Qu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (X.Q.); (J.C.)
| | - Jing-Woei Li
- Department of Ear, Nose and Throat, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong, China;
- Department of Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jason Chan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (X.Q.); (J.C.)
| | - Katie Meehan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (X.Q.); (J.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +852-3763-6039
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22
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Feng Y, Xia W, He G, Ke R, Liu L, Xie M, Tang A, Yi X. Accuracy Evaluation and Comparison of 14 Diagnostic Markers for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: A Meta-Analysis. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1779. [PMID: 33072558 PMCID: PMC7531263 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to collect published studies and compare the diagnostic accuracy of different markers for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). We systematically searched PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CNKI, and Wanfang for relevant studies until April 29, 2020. The revised Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS-2) tool was used to evaluate the methodological quality of the studies. The sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (PLR), negative likelihood ratio (NLR), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), and area under the curve (AUC) values of the diagnostic markers were combined by a bivariate mixed effect model to compare their diagnostic accuracy. We explored heterogeneity through meta-regression. In total, 244 records from 101 articles were included, with 49,432 total study subjects (13,109 cases and 36,323 controls). EA-IgG, Zta-IgG, and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA load in non-invasive nasopharyngeal brushings (EBV-DNA brushings) have both high sensitivity and specificity, EBNA1-IgG and VCA-IgG have only high sensitivity, and EBNA1-IgA, VCA-IgA, Rta-IgG, Zta-IgA, HSP70, and serum sialic acid (SA) have only high specificity. The bivariate mixed effect model of EA-IgA had a significant threshold effect. Meta-regression analysis showed that ethnicity affected EBNA1-IgA, EBNA1-IgG, VCA-IgA, and EBV DNA load in plasma, test methods affected EBNA1-IgG, publication year affected VCA-IgA, and sample size affected Rta-IgG. There was significant publication bias for VCA-IgA and Rta-IgG (P < 0.05). EA-IgG, Zta-IgG, and EBV-DNA brushings are good diagnostic markers for NPC. The diagnostic accuracy was influenced by publication year, sample size, test methods, and ethnicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Feng
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- First Clinical Medical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Wei Xia
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- First Clinical Medical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Guangyao He
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Rongdan Ke
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Mao Xie
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Anzhou Tang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiang Yi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor, Nanning, China
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23
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Abstract
Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles released by cells under physiological and pathological conditions. There is emerging evidence associating exosomes with tumorigenesis. They carry cargo (DNA, RNA, miRNA and protein) pertaining to the cell of origin and play a key role in intercellular communication, influencing several cellular processes. Moreover, exosomes can be shed and found in almost all body fluids, providing a source of biomarkers for tumor diagnosis and prognosis. In addition, the use of exosomes for cancer therapeutics is another research area that is gaining attention. This book chapter aims to explore the role of exosomes in tumor biogenesis, progression and clinical applications, comprehensively compiling the research for three tumor types, namely head and neck cancer, lung cancer and glioblastoma.
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24
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Downregulation of CyclophilinA/CD147 Axis Induces Cell Apoptosis and Inhibits Glioma Aggressiveness. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:7035847. [PMID: 32775435 PMCID: PMC7396009 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7035847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Gliomas are the most common primary tumors in the brain with poor prognosis. Previous studies have detected high expression of Cyclophilin A (CyPA) and CD147, respectively, in glioma. However, the correlation between their expressions and glioma prognosis remains unclear. Here, we investigated the expression of CyPA and CD147 in different types of glioma and characterized their relationships with clinical features, prognosis, and cell proliferation. Results showed that CyPA and CD147 expressions were elevated in higher grade gliomas. Moreover, the knockdown of CyPA and CD147 by RNA interference significantly induced cell express apoptosis biomarkers such as Annexin V and inhibited proliferation biomarkers like EdU in glioma cells. In summary, our findings revealed that high expression of CyPA and CD147 correlated with glioma grades. Moreover, downregulation of the Cyclophilin A/CD147 axis induces cell apoptosis and inhibits glioma aggressiveness. Those indicating CyPA and CD147 could be used as both potential predictive biomarkers and a potential therapeutic target.
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25
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Zhang J, Li X, Hu J, Cao P, Yan Q, Zhang S, Dang W, Lu J. Long noncoding RNAs involvement in Epstein-Barr virus infection and tumorigenesis. Virol J 2020; 17:51. [PMID: 32272952 PMCID: PMC7146903 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-020-01308-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous γ-herpesvirus related to various types of cancers, including epithelial nasopharyngeal carcinoma, gastric carcinoma, and lymphoma. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are expressed extensively in mammalian cells and play crucial roles in regulating various cellular processes and multiple cancers. Cellular lncRNAs can be differentially expressed induced by EBV infection. The dysregulated lncRNAs probably modulate the host immune response and other biological functions. At present, lncRNAs have been found to be significantly increased or decreased in EBV-infected cells, exosomes and EBV-associated cancers, suggesting their potential function and clinical application as biomarkers. In addition, EBV-encoded lncRNAs, BART and BHLF1 lncRNAs, may play roles in the viral oncogenesis. Analysis of the specific lncRNAs involved in interactions with the EBV machinery will provide information on their potential mechanism of action during multiple steps of EBV tumorigenesis. Here, we review the current knowledge regarding EBV-related lncRNAs and their possible roles in the pathogenesis of EBV-associated cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410080, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410080, China.,Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Xiaohan Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410080, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410080, China.,Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Jingjin Hu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410080, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410080, China.,Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Pengfei Cao
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410080, China
| | - Qijia Yan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410080, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410080, China
| | - Siwei Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410080, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410080, China.,Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Wei Dang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410080, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410080, China.,Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Jianhong Lu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410080, China. .,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410080, China.
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26
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Zhong G, Wang K, Li J, Xiao S, Wei W, Liu J. Determination of Serum Exosomal H19 as a Noninvasive Biomarker for Breast Cancer Diagnosis. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:2563-2571. [PMID: 32273726 PMCID: PMC7109356 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s243601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose There is an urgent need for new biomarkers for the diagnosis of breast cancer. Exosomes can communicate with cells through transport molecules, including long-chain noncoding RNA (lncRNA), which is considered as a promising noninvasive biomarker. Here, we aimed to determine the potential of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) H19 in the circulating exosomes for the diagnosis of breast cancer (BC). Materials and Methods We measured the levels of lncRNA H19 in serum-derived exosomes from patients with breast cancer (BC) or benign breast disease (BBD) and healthy subjects, using quantitative real-time PCR. H19 levels were also measured for pre-operative and post-operative patients. Receiver operating characteristic curve was constructed, and the area under the curve (AUC) was calculated to determine the applicability of exosomal H19 levels as biomarkers in BC. The relationship between H19 relative expression and clinical features of BC patients was also analyzed. Results Exosomal H19 expression levels were upregulated in patients with BC compared to that in patients with BBD and healthy controls (BC vs BBD, P < 0.001; BC vs healthy subjects, P < 0.001). The median serum exosomal H19 levels were significantly lower in post-operative than that in the pre-operative patients (P < 0.001). The AUC for exosomal H19 analysis was 0.870 (95% CI: 0.774–0.966) with a sensitivity of 87.0% and specificity of 70.6%, which was higher than the AUCs for CA15-3 and CEA, ie, 0.822 and 0.811, respectively. Moreover, exosomal H19 expression levels were associated with lymph node metastasis (P = 0.039), distant metastasis (P = 0.008), TNM stages (P = 0.022), ER (P=0.009), PR (P = 0.018), and Her-2 (P = 0.021). Conclusion Our results indicated that serum exosomal H19 acts as a novel biomarker for the diagnosis of BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guobin Zhong
- Department of Breast Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Keqiong Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiawei Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuzhe Xiao
- Department of Pediatrics, Guangzhou First Municipal People's Hospital, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Breast Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianlun Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China; Department of General Surgery, The Langdong Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
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27
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Liao C, Zhou Q, Zhang Z, Wu X, Zhou Z, Li B, Peng J, Shen L, Li D, Luo X, Yang L. Epstein-Barr virus-encoded latent membrane protein 1 promotes extracellular vesicle secretion through syndecan-2 and synaptotagmin-like-4 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. Cancer Sci 2020; 111:857-868. [PMID: 31930596 PMCID: PMC7060476 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that extracellular vesicles (EVs) play an important role in cancer cell-to-cell communication. The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-encoded latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1), which is closely associated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) pathogenesis, can trigger multiple cell signaling pathways that affect cell progression. Several reports have shown that LMP1 promotes EV secretion, and LMP1 trafficking by EVs can enhances cancer progression and metastasis. However, the molecular mechanism by which LMP1 promotes EV secretion is not well understood. In the present study, we found that LMP1 promotes EV secretion by upregulated syndecan-2 (SDC2) and synaptotagmin-like-4 (SYTL4) through nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling in NPC cells. Further study indicated that SDC2 interacted with syntenin, which promoted the formation of the EVs, and SYTL4 is associated with the release of EVs. Moreover, we found that stimulation of EV secretion by LMP1 can enhance the proliferation and invasion ability of recipient NPC cells and tumor growth in vivo. In summary, we found a new mechanism by which LMP1 upregulates SDC2 and SYTL4 through NF-κB signaling to promote EV secretion, and further enhance cancer progression of NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoliang Liao
- Department of Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qin Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhibao Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xia Wu
- Department of Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhuan Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jinwu Peng
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Liangfang Shen
- Department of Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Dan Li
- Institue of Molecular Medicine and Oncology, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiangjian Luo
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lifang Yang
- Department of Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
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28
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Logozzi M, Di Raimo R, Mizzoni D, Fais S. Immunocapture-based ELISA to characterize and quantify exosomes in both cell culture supernatants and body fluids. Methods Enzymol 2020; 645:155-180. [PMID: 33565970 PMCID: PMC7346819 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2020.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The immunocapture-based ELISA for extracellular vesicles (EVs)/exosomes, originally described in 2009 by Logozzi and colleagues, allows to capture, detect, characterize and quantify extracellular vesicles in both human body fluids and cell culture supernatants. It is based on the use of two antibodies directed one against a typical exosomal housekeeping protein and the second against either another exosomal housekeeping protein or a potential disease marker: the first antibody is used for the capture of exosomes, the second for the quantification and characterization of the captured vesicles. In fact, with this method it is possible both to characterize and count exosomes and to detect the presence of disease, including tumor, biomarkers. This needs of course to preliminary obtain an EVs purification from the clinical sample; the most agreed method to get to an EVs purification is the repeated rounds of ultracentrifugation, that, while far to be perfect, is the methodological approach allowing to not exclude EVs subpopulation from the separation procedure and to analyze a full range of EVs from both qualitative and quantitative point of view. The immunocapture-based approach has proven to be highly useful in screening, diagnosis and prognosis of tumors, in plasma samples. One amazing information provided by this method is that cancer patients have always significantly higher levels of EVs, in particular of exosomes, independently from the histological nature of the tumor. One microenvironmental factor that is fully involved in the increased exosome release by tumors is the extracellular acidity. However, few pre-clinical data suggest that plasmatic levels of exosomes may correlate with the tumor mass. Some recent clinical reports suggest also that circulating exosomes represent the real delivery system for some known tumor markers that are presently on trial (e.g., PSA). Here we review the pros and cons of the immunocapture-based technique in quantitative and qualitative evaluation of EVs in both health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariantonia Logozzi
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Rossella Di Raimo
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Davide Mizzoni
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Fais
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
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29
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Xin S, Du S, Liu L, Xie Y, Zuo L, Yang J, Hu J, Yue W, Zhang J, Cao P, Zhu F, Lu J. Epstein-Barr Virus Nuclear Antigen 1 Recruits Cyclophilin A to Facilitate the Replication of Viral DNA Genome. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2879. [PMID: 31921057 PMCID: PMC6923202 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1)-mediated DNA episomal genome replication and persistence are essential for the viral pathogenesis. Cyclophilin A (CYPA) is upregulated in EBV-associated nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) with unknown roles. In the present approach, cytosolic CYPA was found to be bound with EBNA1 into the nucleus. The amino acid 376-459 of the EBNA1 domain was important for the binding. CYPA depletion attenuated and ectopic CYPA expression improved EBNA1 expression in EBV-positive cells. The loss of viral copy number was also accelerated by CYPA consumption in daughter cells during culture passages. Mechanistically, CYPA mediated the connection of EBNA1 with oriP (origin of EBV DNA replication) and subsequent oriP transcription, which is a key step for the initiation of EBV genome replication. Moreover, CYPA overexpression markedly antagonized the connection of EBNA1 to Ubiquitin-specific protease 7 (USP7), which is a strong host barrier with a role of inhibiting EBV genome replication. The PPIase activity of CYPA was required for the promotion of oriP transcription and antagonism with USP7. The results revealed a strategy that EBV recruited a host factor to counteract the host defense, thus facilitating its own latent genome replication. This study provides a new insight into EBV pathogenesis and potential virus-targeted therapeutics in EBV-associated NPC, in which CYPA is upregulated at all stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyu Xin
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shujuan Du
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lingzhi Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yan Xie
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lielian Zuo
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Yang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jingjin Hu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenxing Yue
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Pengfei Cao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fanxiu Zhu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Biological Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Jianhong Lu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
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30
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Liu L, Zuo L, Yang J, Xin S, Zhang J, Zhou J, Li G, Tang J, Lu J. Exosomal cyclophilin A as a novel noninvasive biomarker for Epstein-Barr virus associated nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Cancer Med 2019; 8:3142-3151. [PMID: 31063269 PMCID: PMC6558463 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes have emerged as novel vehicles for proteins and other contents in cancer progression. Cyclophilin A (CYPA) is a pivotal member of immunophilin family. Whether CYPA can be detected in sera of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients remains to be explored. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is the first identified human tumor virus and is a causative agent of NPC. The antibody of EBV capsid antigen immunoglobulin A (EBV-VCA-IgA) is a known biomarker of NPC, with a proportion of no more than 70% being detected positively. Hence, novel biomarkers need to be discovered for early diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring of EBV-associated NPC. A total of 110 NPC and 36 normal control serum samples were collected. Exosomes from these samples were extracted. The mRNA and protein expression levels of the above samples were validated by reverse transcription -quantitative polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Finally, the results demonstrated that both the serum and exosomal CYPA levels of NPC patients were significantly higher than that of normal cases. In addition, exosomal CYPA had a much higher level than that in the whole sera. The positive rate of EBV-VCA-IgA antibody was 68.2% in NPC sera, and noticeably, among the cases with EBV-VCA-IgA negative, 80% of them presented high levels of CYPA above the standard (cutoff value). In particular, CYPA in exosomes was uniformly with higher significance than that in whole sera. Combined analysis of CYPA protein and EBV-VCA-IgA antibody showed a greatly higher discriminatory ability in diagnosis of NPC. Moreover, exosomal CYPA level had a positive correlation with that of the EBV-encoded latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) in exosomes. EBV-positive cancer cells secreted significantly higher levels of exosomal CYPA. This study established the utility of circulating exosomal CYPA as a potential noninvasive diagnostic biomarker for EBV-associated NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingzhi Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Microbiology, Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lielian Zuo
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Microbiology, Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Yang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Microbiology, Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shuyu Xin
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Microbiology, Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Microbiology, Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianhua Zhou
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Guiyuan Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Microbiology, Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jinyong Tang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Jianhong Lu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Microbiology, Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
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