1
|
Sharbati F, Tabriz HM, Nazar E. Assessing the role of MSH2 and MSH6 gene expression deficiency in prostate cancer progression, a cross-sectional study. Cancer Treat Res Commun 2024; 40:100826. [PMID: 38870667 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2024.100826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, some evidence emphasized the value of MSH2 and MSH6 inactivation and their hypermutation in predicting different cancers. The present consideration is to evaluate the value of MSH2 and MSH6 protein deficient studied by the immunohistochemistry (IHC) method and the tumor behaviors and aggressiveness in prostatic carcinoma. METHODS This cross-sectional study was performed on 80 examples extricated from patients who endured prostate cancer and were planned for radical prostatectomy surgery. The expression levels of the genes were studied by IHC staining. RESULTS The deficiency in MSH2 and MSH6 expression was revealed in 10.0 % and 11.3 % of patients respectively, while the reduction of simultaneous expression in two genes was found in 6.2 % of patients. In the two subgroups with and without MSH2 and/or MSH6 staining, there was no difference in patients' mean age and history of prostate cancer. There was also no difference in tumor-related behaviors including combined Gleason grade group, tumor stage, vascular invasion, perineural invasion, and prostatic capsular invasion between the groups with and without gene loss. CONCLUSION The evaluation of the deficient rate of two genes among patients with prostate cancer to predict the tumor grade and its aggressive behavior needs further study in every population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Sharbati
- Department of Pathology, Sina Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hedieh Moradi Tabriz
- Department of Pathology, Sina Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Nazar
- Department of Pathology, Sina Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wei CH, Wang EW, Ma L, Zhou Y, Zheng L, Hampel H, Shehayeb S, Lee S, Cohen J, Kohut A, Fan F, Rosen S, Wu X, Shen B, Zhao Y. POLD1 DEDD Motif Mutation Confers Hypermutation in Endometrial Cancer and Durable Response to Pembrolizumab. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5674. [PMID: 38067377 PMCID: PMC10705788 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15235674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in the DNA polymerase delta 1 (POLD1) exonuclease domain cause DNA proofreading defects, hypermutation, hereditary colorectal and endometrial cancer, and are predictive of immunotherapy response. Exonuclease activity is carried out by two magnesium cations, bound to four highly conserved, negatively charged amino acids (AA) consisting of aspartic acid at amino acid position 316 (p.D316), glutamic acid at position 318 (p.E318), p.D402, and p.D515 (termed DEDD motif). Germline polymorphisms resulting in charge-discordant AA substitutions in the DEDD motif are classified as variants of uncertain significance (VUSs) by laboratories and thus would be considered clinically inactionable. We hypothesize this mutation class is clinically pathogenic. METHODS A review of clinical presentation was performed in our index patient with a POLD1(p.D402N) heterozygous proband with endometrial cancer. Implications of this mutation class were evaluated by a Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA)-guided systematic review, in silico analysis with orthogonal biochemical confirmation, and whole-exome and RNA sequencing analysis of the patient's tumor and engineered cell lines. RESULTS Our systematic review favored a Mendelian disease mutation class associated with endometrial and colorectal cancers. In silico analysis predicted defective protein function, confirmed by biochemical assay demonstrating loss of nuclease activity. A POLD1-specific mutational signature was found in both the patient's tumor and POLD1(p.D402N) overexpressing cell. Furthermore, paired whole-exome/transcriptome analysis of endometrial tumor demonstrated hypermutation and T cell-inflamed gene expression profile (GEP), which are joint predictive biomarkers for pembrolizumab. Our patient showed a deep, durable response to immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI). CONCLUSION Charge-discordant AA substitution in the DEDD motif of POLD1 is detrimental to DNA proofreading and should be reclassified as likely pathogenic and possibly predictive of ICI sensitivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Hsiao Wei
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope Medical Center (COHNMC), Duarte, CA 91010, USA;
| | - Edward Wenge Wang
- Department of Oncology & Therapeutics Research, City of Hope Medical Center (COHNMC), Duarte, CA 91010, USA;
| | - Lingzi Ma
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope Medical Center (COHNMC), Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (L.M.); (Y.Z.); (L.Z.); (B.S.)
| | - Yajing Zhou
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope Medical Center (COHNMC), Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (L.M.); (Y.Z.); (L.Z.); (B.S.)
| | - Li Zheng
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope Medical Center (COHNMC), Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (L.M.); (Y.Z.); (L.Z.); (B.S.)
| | - Heather Hampel
- Clinical Cancer Genetics, City of Hope Medical Center (COHMC), Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (H.H.); (S.S.)
| | - Susan Shehayeb
- Clinical Cancer Genetics, City of Hope Medical Center (COHMC), Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (H.H.); (S.S.)
| | - Stephen Lee
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology and Surgery, City of Hope Medical Center (COHNMC), Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (S.L.); (J.C.); (A.K.)
| | - Joshua Cohen
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology and Surgery, City of Hope Medical Center (COHNMC), Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (S.L.); (J.C.); (A.K.)
| | - Adrian Kohut
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology and Surgery, City of Hope Medical Center (COHNMC), Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (S.L.); (J.C.); (A.K.)
| | - Fang Fan
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope Medical Center (COHNMC), Duarte, CA 91010, USA;
| | - Steven Rosen
- Department of Hematology & Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope Medical Center (COHNMC), Duarte, CA 91010, USA;
- Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (X.W.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Xiwei Wu
- Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (X.W.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Binghui Shen
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope Medical Center (COHNMC), Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (L.M.); (Y.Z.); (L.Z.); (B.S.)
| | - Yuqi Zhao
- Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (X.W.); (Y.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhu J, Wu W, Zhang Y, Lin S, Jiang Y, Liu R, Zhang H, Wang X. Computational Analysis of Pathological Image Enables Interpretable Prediction for Microsatellite Instability. Front Oncol 2022; 12:825353. [PMID: 35936712 PMCID: PMC9355712 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.825353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Microsatellite instability (MSI) is associated with several tumor types and has become increasingly vital in guiding patient treatment decisions; however, reasonably distinguishing MSI from its counterpart is challenging in clinical practice. Methods In this study, interpretable pathological image analysis strategies are established to help medical experts to identify MSI. The strategies only require ubiquitous hematoxylin and eosin–stained whole-slide images and perform well in the three cohorts collected from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Equipped with machine learning and image processing technique, intelligent models are established to diagnose MSI based on pathological images, providing the rationale of the decision in both image level and pathological feature level. Findings The strategies achieve two levels of interpretability. First, the image-level interpretability is achieved by generating localization heat maps of important regions based on deep learning. Second, the feature-level interpretability is attained through feature importance and pathological feature interaction analysis. Interestingly, from both the image-level and feature-level interpretability, color and texture characteristics, as well as their interaction, are shown to be mostly contributed to the MSI prediction. Interpretation The developed transparent machine learning pipeline is able to detect MSI efficiently and provide comprehensive clinical insights to pathologists. The comprehensible heat maps and features in the intelligent pipeline reflect extra- and intra-cellular acid–base balance shift in MSI tumor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhu
- Southern China Center for Statistical Science, School of Mathematics, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wangwei Wu
- Southern China Center for Statistical Science, School of Mathematics, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuting Zhang
- Southern China Center for Statistical Science, School of Mathematics, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shiyun Lin
- Center for Statistical Science, School of Mathematical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yukang Jiang
- Southern China Center for Statistical Science, School of Mathematics, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruixian Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Ruixian Liu, ; Heping Zhang, ; Xueqin Wang,
| | - Heping Zhang
- School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
- *Correspondence: Ruixian Liu, ; Heping Zhang, ; Xueqin Wang,
| | - Xueqin Wang
- Department of Statistics and Finance/International Institute of Finance, School of Management, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Ruixian Liu, ; Heping Zhang, ; Xueqin Wang,
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sir-Mendoza F, González-Martínez F, Madera M. Prevalence of KRAS, PIK3CA, BRAF and AXIN2 gene mutations in colorectal cancer and its relationship with dental agenesis: a systematic review. REVISTA DE LA FACULTAD DE MEDICINA 2021. [DOI: 10.15446/revfacmed.v71n1.95595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The study of allelic and genotypic frequencies contributes to determining the distribution of genetic variants in different populations and their possible association with biomarkers. This knowledge could improve the decision-making process regarding the management of some diseases such as colorectal cancer (CRC), in which the detection of clinical biomarkers such as dental agenesis could be crucial in clinical practice.
Objective: To evaluate the available scientific evidence on the prevalence of KRAS, PIK3CA, BRAF and AXIN2 mutations and their possible association with dental agenesis in people with CRC.
Materials and methods: A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library databases using the following search strategy: type of studies: observational studies reporting the prevalence of KRAS, PIK3CA, BRAF and AXIN2 mutations in people diagnosed with CRC and their possible association with dental agenesis; publication language: English and Spanish; publication period: 2010-2020; search terms: “Genes”, “RAS”, “Kras”, “PIK3CA”, “BRAF”, “AXIN2”, “Mutation”, “Polymorphism”, “Colorectal Neoplasms”, “Colorectal Cancer”, used in different combinations (“AND” and “OR”).
Results: The initial search yielded 403 records, but only 30 studies met the eligibility criteria. Of these, 11, 5, 5 and 1 only reported the prevalence of PIK3CA, KRAS, BRAF and AXIN2 mutations, respectively; while 8 reported the prevalence of more than one of these mutations in patients with CRC. The prevalence of KRAS (p.Gly12Asp), PIK3CA (p.Glu545Lys), and BRAF (p.Val600Glu) mutations ranged from 20.5% to 54%, 3.5% to 20.2%, and 2.5% to 12.1%, respectively. There were no findings regarding the association between the occurrence of these mutations and dental agenesis.
Conclusions: KRAS mutations were the most prevalent; however, there is no evidence on the association between dental agenesis and the occurrence of KRAS, PIK3CA and BRAF germline mutations in individuals with CRC.
Collapse
|
5
|
Lan YT, Chang SC, Lin PC, Lin CH, Liang WY, Chen WS, Jiang JK, Yang SH, Lin JK. High concordance of mutation patterns in 10 common mutated genes between tumor tissue and cell-free DNA in metastatic colorectal cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:2228-2237. [PMID: 34094680 PMCID: PMC8167700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The concordance of mutation patterns between cell-free DNA (cfDNA) and tumor DNA varies in colorectal cancers (CRCs). Next-generation sequencing (NGS) by targeted sequencing can detect novel genes. We aimed to use NGS to test the concordance between cfDNA and tumor DNA in metastatic CRCs. A total of 95 paired tumor and peripheral blood samples from metastatic CRC patients were included. The tumor DNA and cfDNA were analyzed with a 10-gene NGS panel (Illumina HiSeq2500 system). The median number of mutations in tumor samples was 3 (range 0-7). The most commonly mutated gene was TP53 (63.2%), followed by APC (49.5%), KRAS (35.8%) and FAT4 (15.8%). The concordance of mutation patterns in these 10 genes was as high as 91% between cfDNA and tumor samples in these metastatic CRC patients. A sensitivity of 88.2% and specificity of 100% was found when using KRAS mutation status of cfDNA to predict KRAS mutation in tumor tissue. For tumor DNA with TP53, KRAS, or APC mutations, right-sided CRCs were more likely to develop peritoneal metastases, while for tumor DNA with TP53 mutations, left-sided tumors were more likely to have lung metastases. For cfDNA with TP53 or KRAS mutations, right-sided CRCs were more likely to have peritoneal metastases. Due to the high concordance of mutation patterns between cfDNA and tumor samples, monitoring the mutation pattern of cfDNA may be applicable in the treatment of metastatic CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Tzu Lan
- Division of Colon & Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General HospitalTaipei, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ching Chang
- Division of Colon & Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General HospitalTaipei, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ching Lin
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Yang-Ming Branch, Taipei City HospitalTaipei, Taiwan
- Department of Health and Welfare, University of TaipeiTaiwan
| | - Chien-Hsing Lin
- Division of Genomic Medicine, National Health Research InstitutesZhunan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yi Liang
- Department of Pathology, Taipei Veterans General HospitalTaipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Shone Chen
- Division of Colon & Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General HospitalTaipei, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipei, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Kai Jiang
- Division of Colon & Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General HospitalTaipei, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipei, Taiwan
| | - Shung-Haur Yang
- Division of Colon & Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General HospitalTaipei, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipei, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University HospitalYilan, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Kou Lin
- Division of Colon & Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General HospitalTaipei, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Cho YA, Kim D, Lee B, Shim JH, Suh YL. Incidence, clinicopathologic, and genetic characteristics of mismatch repair gene-mutated glioblastomas. J Neurooncol 2021; 153:43-53. [PMID: 33864561 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-021-03710-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and malignant gliomas of adults and recur, resulting in death, despite surgery, radiotherapy, and temozolomide-based chemotherapy. There are a few reports on immunotherapy for the mismatch repair (MMR)-deficient GBMs with high tumor mutational burden (TMB). However, the clinicopathological and genetic features of the MMR genes altered in GBMs have not been elucidated yet. METHODS The authors analyzed targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) data from 282 (276 primary and 6 recurrent) glioblastomas to evaluate the mutational status of six DNA repair-related genes: MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, PMS2, POLE, and POLD1. Tumors harboring somatic or germline mutations in one or more of these six genes were classified as an MMR gene-altered GBM. The clinicopathologic and molecular characteristics of MMR gene-altered GBMs were compared to those of tumors without MMR gene alterations. RESULTS Sixty germline or somatic mutations were identified in 37 cases (35 primary and two recurrent) of GBM. The most frequently mutated genes were MSH6 and POLE. Single nucleotide variants were the most common, followed by frameshift deletions or insertions and approximately 60% of the mutations were germline mutations. Two patients who showed MSH2 (c.2038C > T) and MSH6 (c.1082G > A) mutations had familial colon cancer. The clinical findings were not different between the two groups. However, the presence of MGMT promoter methylation and high tumor mutation burden (TMB) values (> 20) were correlated with MMR gene alterations. CONCLUSION Since MMR-related genes can be found even in primary glioblastoma and are correlated with high TMB and MGMT promoter methylation, MMR genes should be carefully analyzed in NGS study on glioblastomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Ah Cho
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pathology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Deokgeun Kim
- Department of Clinical Genomic Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Digital Health, Samsung Advanced Institute of Health Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Boram Lee
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute of Health Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Samsung Genomic Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Ho Shim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute of Health Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Samsung Genomic Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Lim Suh
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tian T, Li J, Xue T, Yu B, Li X, Zhou X. Microsatellite instability and its associations with the clinicopathologic characteristics of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Cancer Med 2020; 9:2330-2342. [PMID: 32022486 PMCID: PMC7131835 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Microsatellite instability (MSI) has been investigated as a prognostic and predictive factor for chemotherapy in colorectal cancer and has recently been demonstrated to be predictive of the PD‐1/PD‐L1 checkpoint blockade response in various solid tumors. However, MSI status in diffuse large B‐cell lymphomas (DLBCLs) has not been thoroughly explored. This study investigated MSI status in DLBCLs and analyzed the associations between MSI and clinicopathologic characteristics and clinical outcomes. Ninety‐two cases of primary DLBCLs treated with R‐CHOP/CHOP chemotherapy between 2009 and 2017 were collected. MSI detection was performed by the Promega MSI Analysis System. The protein expression of MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, and PMS2 was detected by immunohistochemistry. The associations of MSI‐H and MSI‐L with progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were assessed by COX models and Kaplan–Meier curves. The correlations of complete response (CR) after R‐CHOP/CHOP chemotherapy with MSI‐H and MSI‐L were examined by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses, respectively. 3 of 92 cases (3.2%) were high MSI (MSI‐H), and 9 cases (9/92, 9.8%) exhibited low MSI (MSI‐L). One case with MSI‐H showed negative expression of MSH2 and MSH6. Univariate analysis indicated that MSI‐L was correlated with poor response to R‐CHOP/CHOP chemotherapy in DLBCLs (OR, 0.178; 95% CI, 0.041‐0.776; P = .022). Multivariate analysis showed that MSI‐L was an independent predictive factor for non‐CR to R‐CHOP/CHOP chemotherapy (OR, 0.144; 95% CI, 0.027‐0.761; P = .023). Kaplan‐Meier curves showed that there was a trend that MSI‐H patients had favorable PFS (P = .36) and OS (P = .48), which did not have statistical significance and MSI‐L was not significantly correlated with PFS (P = .24) and OS (P = .52).Our study indicated that there existed MSI‐H and MSI‐L in DLBCLs. MSI‐L could be an independent predictive factor for the chemotherapy response in DLBCLs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tian Tian
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiwei Li
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tian Xue
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Baohua Yu
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoqiu Li
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chang SC, Lan YT, Lin PC, Yang SH, Lin CH, Liang WY, Chen WS, Jiang JK, Lin JK. Patterns of germline and somatic mutations in 16 genes associated with mismatch repair function or containing tandem repeat sequences. Cancer Med 2019; 9:476-486. [PMID: 31769227 PMCID: PMC6970039 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We assumed that targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) of mismatch repair-associated genes could improve the detection of driving mutations in colorectal cancers (CRC) with microsatellite instability (MSI) and microsatellite alterations at selected tetranucleotide repeats (EMAST) and clarify the somatic mutation patterns of CRC subtypes. MATERIAL AND METHODS DNAs from tumors and white blood cells were obtained from 81 patients with EMAST(+)/MSI-high (MSI-H), 78 patients with EMAST(+)/microsatellite stable (MSS), and 72 patients with EMAST(-)/MSI-H. The germline and somatic mutations were analyzed with a 16-genes NGS panel. RESULTS In total, 284 germline mutations were identified in 161 patients. The most common mutations were in EPCAM (24.8%), MSH6 (24.2%), MLH1 (21.7%), and AXIN2 (21.7%). Germline mutations of AXIN2, POLE, POLD1, and TGFBR2 also resulted in EMAST and MSI. EMAST(+)/MSI-H tumors had a significant higher mutation number (205.9 ± 95.2 mut/MB) than tumors that were only EMAST(+) or MSI-H (118.6 ± 64.2 and 106.2 ± 54.5 mut/MB, respectively; both P < .001). In patients with AXIN2 germline mutations, the number of pathological somatic mutations in the tumors was significantly higher than those without AXIN2 germline mutations (176.7 ± 94.2 mut/MB vs 139.6 ± 85.0 mut/MB, P = .002). CONCLUSION Next-generation sequencing could enhance the detection of familial CRC. The somatic mutation burden might result from not only the affected genes in germline mutations but also through the dysfunction of downstream effectors. The AXIN2 gene might associate with hypermutation in tumors. Further in vitro experiments to confirm the causal relationship is deserved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Ching Chang
- Division of Colon & Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Tzu Lan
- Division of Colon & Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ching Lin
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Yang-Ming Branch, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Health and Welfare, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shung-Haur Yang
- Division of Colon & Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Yilan, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hsing Lin
- Division of Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yi Liang
- Department of Pathology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Shone Chen
- Division of Colon & Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Kai Jiang
- Division of Colon & Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Kou Lin
- Division of Colon & Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|