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Zhao Y, He S, Zhao M, Huang Q. Surviving the Storm: The Role of Poly- and Depolyploidization in Tissues and Tumors. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2306318. [PMID: 38629780 PMCID: PMC11199982 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Polyploidization and depolyploidization are critical processes in the normal development and tissue homeostasis of diploid organisms. Recent investigations have revealed that polyaneuploid cancer cells (PACCs) exploit this ploidy variation as a survival strategy against anticancer treatment and for the repopulation of tumors. Unscheduled polyploidization and chromosomal instability in PACCs enhance malignancy and treatment resistance. However, their inability to undergo mitosis causes catastrophic cellular death in most PACCs. Adaptive ploid reversal mechanisms, such as multipolar mitosis, centrosome clustering, meiosis-like division, and amitosis, counteract this lethal outcome and drive cancer relapse. The purpose of this work is to focus on PACCs induced by cytotoxic therapy, highlighting the latest discoveries in ploidy dynamics in physiological and pathological contexts. Specifically, by emphasizing the role of "poly-depolyploidization" in tumor progression, the aim is to identify novel therapeutic targets or paradigms for combating diseases associated with aberrant ploidies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yucui Zhao
- Cancer CenterShanghai General HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai201620China
- Department of Radiation OncologySecond Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou310009China
| | - Sijia He
- Cancer CenterShanghai General HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai201620China
| | - Minghui Zhao
- Cancer CenterShanghai General HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai201620China
- Department of Radiation OncologyFirst Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing210029China
| | - Qian Huang
- Cancer CenterShanghai General HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai201620China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic DiseasesShanghai General HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai201620China
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2
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White-Gilbertson S, Lu P, Saatci O, Sahin O, Delaney JR, Ogretmen B, Voelkel-Johnson C. Transcriptome analysis of polyploid giant cancer cells and their progeny reveals a functional role for p21 in polyploidization and depolyploidization. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107136. [PMID: 38447798 PMCID: PMC10979113 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Polyploid giant cancer cells (PGCC) are frequently detected in tumors and are increasingly recognized for their roles in chromosomal instability and associated genome evolution that leads to cancer recurrence. We previously reported that therapy stress promotes polyploidy, and that acid ceramidase plays a role in depolyploidization. In this study, we used an RNA-seq approach to gain a better understanding of the underlying transcriptomic changes that occur as cancer cells progress through polyploidization and depolyploidization. Our results revealed gene signatures that are associated with disease-free and/or overall survival in several cancers and identified the cell cycle inhibitor CDKN1A/p21 as the major hub in PGCC and early progeny. Increased expression of p21 in PGCC was limited to the cytoplasm. We previously demonstrated that the sphingolipid enzyme acid ceramidase is dispensable for polyploidization upon therapy stress but plays a crucial role in depolyploidization. The current study demonstrates that treatment of cells with ceramide is not sufficient for p53-independent induction of p21 and that knockdown of acid ceramidase, which hydrolyzes ceramide, does not interfere with upregulation of p21. In contrast, blocking the expression of p21 with UC2288 prevented the induction of acid ceramidase and inhibited both the formation of PGCC from parental cells as well as the generation of progeny from PGCC. Taken together, our data suggest that p21 functions upstream of acid ceramidase and plays an important role in polyploidization and depolyploidization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shai White-Gilbertson
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Ping Lu
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Ozge Saatci
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Ozgur Sahin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Joe R Delaney
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Besim Ogretmen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Christina Voelkel-Johnson
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.
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Jiao Y, Yu Y, Zheng M, Yan M, Wang J, Zhang Y, Zhang S. Dormant cancer cells and polyploid giant cancer cells: The roots of cancer recurrence and metastasis. Clin Transl Med 2024; 14:e1567. [PMID: 38362620 PMCID: PMC10870057 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumour cell dormancy is critical for metastasis and resistance to chemoradiotherapy. Polyploid giant cancer cells (PGCCs) with giant or multiple nuclei and high DNA content have the properties of cancer stem cell and single PGCCs can individually generate tumours in immunodeficient mice. PGCCs represent a dormant form of cancer cells that survive harsh tumour conditions and contribute to tumour recurrence. Hypoxic mimics, chemotherapeutics, radiation and cytotoxic traditional Chinese medicines can induce PGCCs formation through endoreduplication and/or cell fusion. After incubation, dormant PGCCs can recover from the treatment and produce daughter cells with strong proliferative, migratory and invasive abilities via asymmetric cell division. Additionally, PGCCs can resist hypoxia or chemical stress and have a distinct protein signature that involves chromatin remodelling and cell cycle regulation. Dormant PGCCs form the cellular basis for therapeutic resistance, metastatic cascade and disease recurrence. This review summarises regulatory mechanisms governing dormant cancer cells entry and exit of dormancy, which may be used by PGCCs, and potential therapeutic strategies for targeting PGCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Jiao
- School of Integrative MedicineTianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjinChina
| | - Yongjun Yu
- Department of PathologyTianjin Union Medical CenterTianjinChina
| | - Minying Zheng
- Department of PathologyTianjin Union Medical CenterNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Man Yan
- School of Integrative MedicineTianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjinChina
| | - Jiangping Wang
- School of Integrative MedicineTianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjinChina
| | - Yue Zhang
- School of Integrative MedicineTianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjinChina
| | - Shiwu Zhang
- Department of PathologyTianjin Union Medical CenterTianjinChina
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Zhou M, Ma Y, Chiang CC, Rock EC, Butler SC, Anne R, Yatsenko S, Gong Y, Chen YC. Single-cell morphological and transcriptome analysis unveil inhibitors of polyploid giant breast cancer cells in vitro. Commun Biol 2023; 6:1301. [PMID: 38129519 PMCID: PMC10739852 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05674-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Considerable evidence suggests that breast cancer therapeutic resistance and relapse can be driven by polyploid giant cancer cells (PGCCs). The number of PGCCs increases with the stages of disease and therapeutic stress. Given the importance of PGCCs, it remains challenging to eradicate them. To discover effective anti-PGCC compounds, there is an unmet need to rapidly distinguish compounds that kill non-PGCCs, PGCCs, or both. Here, we establish a single-cell morphological analysis pipeline with a high throughput and great precision to characterize dynamics of individual cells. In this manner, we screen a library to identify promising compounds that inhibit all cancer cells or only PGCCs (e.g., regulators of HDAC, proteasome, and ferroptosis). Additionally, we perform scRNA-Seq to reveal altered cell cycle, metabolism, and ferroptosis sensitivity in breast PGCCs. The combination of single-cell morphological and molecular investigation reveals promising anti-PGCC strategies for breast cancer treatment and other malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengli Zhou
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, 5115 Centre Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15232, USA
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, 3420 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
- Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Yushu Ma
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, 5115 Centre Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15232, USA
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, 3420 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Chun-Cheng Chiang
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, 5115 Centre Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15232, USA
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, 3420 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Edwin C Rock
- Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, 3700 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Samuel Charles Butler
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, 5115 Centre Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15232, USA
| | - Rajiv Anne
- Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, 3700 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Svetlana Yatsenko
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Magee Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yinan Gong
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, 5115 Centre Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15232, USA
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Yu-Chih Chen
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, 5115 Centre Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15232, USA.
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, 3420 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, 3700 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA.
- CMU-Pitt Ph.D. Program in Computational Biology, University of Pittsburgh, 3420 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA.
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Mejia Peña C, Skipper TA, Hsu J, Schechter I, Ghosh D, Dawson MR. Metronomic and single high-dose paclitaxel treatments produce distinct heterogenous chemoresistant cancer cell populations. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19232. [PMID: 37932310 PMCID: PMC10628134 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46055-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
More than 75% of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) patients experience disease recurrence after initial treatment, highlighting our incomplete understanding of how chemoresistant populations evolve over the course of EOC progression post chemotherapy treatment. Here, we show how two paclitaxel (PTX) treatment methods- a single high dose and a weekly metronomic dose for four weeks, generate unique chemoresistant populations. Using mechanically relevant alginate microspheres and a combination of transcript profiling and heterogeneity analyses, we found that these PTX-treatment regimens produce distinct and resilient subpopulations that differ in metabolic reprogramming signatures, acquisition of resistance to PTX and anoikis, and the enrichment for cancer stem cells (CSCs) and polyploid giant cancer cells (PGCCs) with the ability to replenish bulk populations. We investigated the longevity of these metabolic reprogramming events using untargeted metabolomics and found that metabolites associated with stemness and therapy-induced senescence were uniquely abundant in populations enriched for CSCs and PGCCs. Predictive network analysis revealed that antioxidative mechanisms were likely to be differentially active dependent on both time and exposure to PTX. Our results illustrate how current standard chemotherapies contribute to the development of chemoresistant EOC subpopulations by either selecting for intrinsically resistant subpopulations or promoting the evolution of resistance mechanisms. Additionally, our work describes the unique phenotypic signatures in each of these distinct resistant subpopulations and thus highlights potential vulnerabilities that can be exploited for more effective treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Mejia Peña
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Thomas A Skipper
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Jeffrey Hsu
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Ilexa Schechter
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Deepraj Ghosh
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Michelle R Dawson
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA.
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA.
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6
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Bouezzedine F, El Baba R, Haidar Ahmad S, Herbein G. Polyploid Giant Cancer Cells Generated from Human Cytomegalovirus-Infected Prostate Epithelial Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4994. [PMID: 37894361 PMCID: PMC10604969 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15204994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy and the sixth leading cause of cancer death in men worldwide. Chromosomal instability (CIN) and polyploid giant cancer cells (PGCCs) have been considered predominant hallmarks of cancer. Recent clinical studies have proven the association of CIN, aneuploidy, and PGCCs with poor prognosis of prostate cancer (PCa). Evidence of HCMV transforming potential might indicate that HCMV may be involved in PCa. METHODS Herein, we underline the role of the high-risk HCMV-DB and -BL clinical strains in transforming prostate epithelial cells and assess the molecular and cellular oncogenic processes associated with PCa. RESULTS Oncogenesis parallels a sustained growth of "CMV-Transformed Prostate epithelial cells" or CTP cells that highly express Myc and EZH2, forming soft agar colonies and displaying stemness as well as mesenchymal features, hence promoting EMT as well as PGCCs and a spheroid appearance. CONCLUSIONS HCMV-induced Myc and EZH2 upregulation coupled with stemness and EMT traits in IE1-expressing CTP might highlight the potential role of HCMV in PCa development and encourage the use of anti-EZH2 and anti-HCMV in PCa treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fidaa Bouezzedine
- Pathogens & Inflammation/EPILAB Laboratory, EA 4266, University of Franche-Comté, 25000 Besançon, France; (F.B.); (R.E.B.); (S.H.A.)
| | - Ranim El Baba
- Pathogens & Inflammation/EPILAB Laboratory, EA 4266, University of Franche-Comté, 25000 Besançon, France; (F.B.); (R.E.B.); (S.H.A.)
| | - Sandy Haidar Ahmad
- Pathogens & Inflammation/EPILAB Laboratory, EA 4266, University of Franche-Comté, 25000 Besançon, France; (F.B.); (R.E.B.); (S.H.A.)
| | - Georges Herbein
- Pathogens & Inflammation/EPILAB Laboratory, EA 4266, University of Franche-Comté, 25000 Besançon, France; (F.B.); (R.E.B.); (S.H.A.)
- Department of Virology, CHU Besançon, 25030 Besançon, France
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7
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Meira DD, de Castro e Caetano MC, Casotti MC, Zetum ASS, Gonçalves AFM, Moreira AR, de Oliveira AH, Pesente F, Santana GM, de Almeida Duque D, Pereira GSC, de Castro GDSC, Pavan IP, Chagas JPS, Bourguignon JHB, de Oliveira JR, Barbosa KRM, Altoé LSC, Louro LS, Merigueti LP, Alves LNR, Machado MRR, Roque MLRO, Prates PS, de Paula Segáua SH, dos Santos Uchiya T, Louro TES, Daleprane VE, Guaitolini YM, Vicente CR, dos Reis Trabach RS, de Araújo BC, dos Santos EDVW, de Paula F, Lopes TJS, de Carvalho EF, Louro ID. Prognostic Factors and Markers in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Recent Progress and Future Challenges. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1906. [PMID: 37895255 PMCID: PMC10606762 DOI: 10.3390/genes14101906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is a highly aggressive neoplasm and, despite the development of recent therapies, tumor progression and recurrence following the initial response remains unsolved. Several questions remain unanswered about non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): (1) Which patients will actually benefit from therapy? (2) What are the predictive factors of response to MAbs and TKIs? (3) What are the best combination strategies with conventional treatments or new antineoplastic drugs? To answer these questions, an integrative literature review was carried out, searching articles in PUBMED, NCBI-PMC, Google Academic, and others. Here, we will examine the molecular genetics of lung cancer, emphasizing NSCLC, and delineate the primary categories of inhibitors based on their molecular targets, alongside the main treatment alternatives depending on the type of acquired resistance. We highlighted new therapies based on epigenetic information and a single-cell approach as a potential source of new biomarkers. The current and future of NSCLC management hinges upon genotyping correct prognostic markers, as well as on the evolution of precision medicine, which guarantees a tailored drug combination with precise targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora Dummer Meira
- Núcleo de Genética Humana e Molecular, Centro de Ciências Humanas e Naturais, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória 29075-910, Brazil (M.C.C.)
| | - Maria Clara de Castro e Caetano
- Núcleo de Genética Humana e Molecular, Centro de Ciências Humanas e Naturais, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória 29075-910, Brazil (M.C.C.)
| | - Matheus Correia Casotti
- Núcleo de Genética Humana e Molecular, Centro de Ciências Humanas e Naturais, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória 29075-910, Brazil (M.C.C.)
| | - Aléxia Stefani Siqueira Zetum
- Núcleo de Genética Humana e Molecular, Centro de Ciências Humanas e Naturais, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória 29075-910, Brazil (M.C.C.)
| | - André Felipe Monteiro Gonçalves
- Núcleo de Genética Humana e Molecular, Centro de Ciências Humanas e Naturais, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória 29075-910, Brazil (M.C.C.)
| | - André Rodrigues Moreira
- Núcleo de Genética Humana e Molecular, Centro de Ciências Humanas e Naturais, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória 29075-910, Brazil (M.C.C.)
| | - Augusto Henrique de Oliveira
- Núcleo de Genética Humana e Molecular, Centro de Ciências Humanas e Naturais, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória 29075-910, Brazil (M.C.C.)
| | - Fellipe Pesente
- Núcleo de Genética Humana e Molecular, Centro de Ciências Humanas e Naturais, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória 29075-910, Brazil (M.C.C.)
| | - Gabriel Mendonça Santana
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Curso de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória 29090-040, Brazil
| | - Daniel de Almeida Duque
- Núcleo de Genética Humana e Molecular, Centro de Ciências Humanas e Naturais, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória 29075-910, Brazil (M.C.C.)
| | - Gierleson Santos Cangussu Pereira
- Núcleo de Genética Humana e Molecular, Centro de Ciências Humanas e Naturais, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória 29075-910, Brazil (M.C.C.)
| | - Giulia de Souza Cupertino de Castro
- Núcleo de Genética Humana e Molecular, Centro de Ciências Humanas e Naturais, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória 29075-910, Brazil (M.C.C.)
| | - Isabele Pagani Pavan
- Núcleo de Genética Humana e Molecular, Centro de Ciências Humanas e Naturais, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória 29075-910, Brazil (M.C.C.)
| | - João Pedro Sarcinelli Chagas
- Núcleo de Genética Humana e Molecular, Centro de Ciências Humanas e Naturais, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória 29075-910, Brazil (M.C.C.)
| | - José Henrique Borges Bourguignon
- Núcleo de Genética Humana e Molecular, Centro de Ciências Humanas e Naturais, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória 29075-910, Brazil (M.C.C.)
| | - Juliana Ribeiro de Oliveira
- Núcleo de Genética Humana e Molecular, Centro de Ciências Humanas e Naturais, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória 29075-910, Brazil (M.C.C.)
| | - Karen Ruth Michio Barbosa
- Núcleo de Genética Humana e Molecular, Centro de Ciências Humanas e Naturais, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória 29075-910, Brazil (M.C.C.)
| | - Lorena Souza Castro Altoé
- Núcleo de Genética Humana e Molecular, Centro de Ciências Humanas e Naturais, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória 29075-910, Brazil (M.C.C.)
| | - Luana Santos Louro
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Curso de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória 29090-040, Brazil
| | - Luiza Poppe Merigueti
- Núcleo de Genética Humana e Molecular, Centro de Ciências Humanas e Naturais, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória 29075-910, Brazil (M.C.C.)
| | - Lyvia Neves Rebello Alves
- Núcleo de Genética Humana e Molecular, Centro de Ciências Humanas e Naturais, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória 29075-910, Brazil (M.C.C.)
| | - Marlon Ramos Rosado Machado
- Núcleo de Genética Humana e Molecular, Centro de Ciências Humanas e Naturais, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória 29075-910, Brazil (M.C.C.)
| | - Maria Luísa Rodrigues Oliveira Roque
- Núcleo de Genética Humana e Molecular, Centro de Ciências Humanas e Naturais, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória 29075-910, Brazil (M.C.C.)
| | - Pedro Santana Prates
- Núcleo de Genética Humana e Molecular, Centro de Ciências Humanas e Naturais, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória 29075-910, Brazil (M.C.C.)
| | - Sayuri Honorio de Paula Segáua
- Núcleo de Genética Humana e Molecular, Centro de Ciências Humanas e Naturais, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória 29075-910, Brazil (M.C.C.)
| | - Taissa dos Santos Uchiya
- Núcleo de Genética Humana e Molecular, Centro de Ciências Humanas e Naturais, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória 29075-910, Brazil (M.C.C.)
| | - Thomas Erik Santos Louro
- Escola Superior de Ciências da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Vitória (EMESCAM), Curso de Medicina, Vitória 29027-502, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Eduardo Daleprane
- Núcleo de Genética Humana e Molecular, Centro de Ciências Humanas e Naturais, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória 29075-910, Brazil (M.C.C.)
| | - Yasmin Moreto Guaitolini
- Núcleo de Genética Humana e Molecular, Centro de Ciências Humanas e Naturais, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória 29075-910, Brazil (M.C.C.)
| | - Creuza Rachel Vicente
- Departamento de Medicina Social, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória 29090-040, Brazil
| | - Raquel Silva dos Reis Trabach
- Núcleo de Genética Humana e Molecular, Centro de Ciências Humanas e Naturais, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória 29075-910, Brazil (M.C.C.)
| | - Bruno Cancian de Araújo
- Núcleo de Genética Humana e Molecular, Centro de Ciências Humanas e Naturais, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória 29075-910, Brazil (M.C.C.)
| | - Eldamária de Vargas Wolfgramm dos Santos
- Núcleo de Genética Humana e Molecular, Centro de Ciências Humanas e Naturais, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória 29075-910, Brazil (M.C.C.)
| | - Flávia de Paula
- Núcleo de Genética Humana e Molecular, Centro de Ciências Humanas e Naturais, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória 29075-910, Brazil (M.C.C.)
| | - Tiago José S. Lopes
- Department of Reproductive Biology, National Center for Child Health and Development Research Institute, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Elizeu Fagundes de Carvalho
- Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes (IBRAG), Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro 20551-030, Brazil
| | - Iúri Drumond Louro
- Núcleo de Genética Humana e Molecular, Centro de Ciências Humanas e Naturais, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória 29075-910, Brazil (M.C.C.)
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8
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Zheng M, Chen L, Fu J, Yang X, Chen S, Fu W, Li Y, Zhang S. Cdc42 Regulates the Expression of Cytoskeleton and Microtubule Network Proteins to Promote Invasion and Metastasis of Progeny Cells Derived from CoCl 2-induced Polyploid Giant Cancer Cells. J Cancer 2023; 14:1920-1934. [PMID: 37476197 PMCID: PMC10355212 DOI: 10.7150/jca.85032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Our previous studies have shown that CoCl2 can induce the formation of polyploid giant cancer cells (PGCCs) and PGCCs could produce progeny cells via asymmetric division. In this study, the molecular mechanism by which PGCCs generate progeny cells with high invasion and migration abilities was explored. Methods: In this study, PGCCs induced by CoCl2 produced progeny cells via asymmetric division, which was observed dynamically using laser scanning confocal microscopy. Cell cycle in LoVo and Hct116 before and after CoCl2 treatment was analyzed by flow cytometry. Cell function experiments, co-immunoprecipitation, mass spectrometry analysis, ML141 treatment, western blotting, and siRNA transfection experiments were used to demonstrate that Cdc42/PAK1 was involved in the regulation of cytoskeleton expression. The proliferation, migration, and invasion abilities of PGCCs and progeny cells were compared in PGCCs and progeny cells with and without inhibiting the expression of Cdc42 and PAK1. Results: G2/M phase arrest appeared in CoCl2-treated LoVo and Hct116 cells. After CoCl2 treatment, an increased expression of Cdc42 and PAK1 led to a decrease in the expression of stathmin and an increase in the expression of phosphorylated stathmin, which is located in the nucleus of PGCCs and progeny cells. PTPN14 negatively regulates the expression of PAK1 and p38MAPK. Low levels of PTPN14 expression, a downstream regulatory protein of stathmin, endows progeny tumor cells generated by PGCCs with the ability to invade and metastasize. The expression of PKA1α, cathepsin B, and D increased in CoCl2-treated cells compared with that in the control cells, associated with the infiltration and migration of PGCCs with their progeny cells. Conclusion: CoCl2-induced overexpression of Cdc42 plays a critical role in increasing the infiltration and migration abilities of PGCCs and progeny cells by regulating cytoskeleton protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minying Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300121, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, NanKai University, Tianjin, 300071, P.R. China
| | - Lankai Chen
- Nankai University School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P.R. China
| | - Junjie Fu
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300121, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohui Yang
- Nankai University School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P.R. China
| | - Shuo Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, 300121, P.R. China
| | - Wenzheng Fu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, 300121, P.R. China
| | - Yuwei Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, 300121, P.R. China
| | - Shiwu Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300121, P.R. China
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9
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Mallin MM, Kim N, Choudhury MI, Lee SJ, An SS, Sun SX, Konstantopoulos K, Pienta KJ, Amend SR. Cells in the polyaneuploid cancer cell (PACC) state have increased metastatic potential. Clin Exp Metastasis 2023:10.1007/s10585-023-10216-8. [PMID: 37326720 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-023-10216-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Although metastasis is the leading cause of cancer deaths, it is quite rare at the cellular level. Only a rare subset of cancer cells (~ 1 in 1.5 billion) can complete the entire metastatic cascade: invasion, intravasation, survival in the circulation, extravasation, and colonization (i.e. are metastasis competent). We propose that cells engaging a Polyaneuploid Cancer Cell (PACC) phenotype are metastasis competent. Cells in the PACC state are enlarged, endocycling (i.e. non-dividing) cells with increased genomic content that form in response to stress. Single-cell tracking using time lapse microscopy reveals that PACC state cells have increased motility. Additionally, cells in the PACC state exhibit increased capacity for environment-sensing and directional migration in chemotactic environments, predicting successful invasion. Magnetic Twisting Cytometry and Atomic Force Microscopy reveal that cells in the PACC state display hyper-elastic properties like increased peripheral deformability and maintained peri-nuclear cortical integrity that predict successful intravasation and extravasation. Furthermore, four orthogonal methods reveal that cells in the PACC state have increased expression of vimentin, a hyper-elastic biomolecule known to modulate biomechanical properties and induce mesenchymal-like motility. Taken together, these data indicate that cells in the PACC state have increased metastatic potential and are worthy of further in vivo analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikaela M Mallin
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine Graduate Training Program, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Cancer Ecology Center, James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Medical Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Nicholas Kim
- Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | | | - Se Jong Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Steven S An
- Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Sean X Sun
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Kenneth J Pienta
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine Graduate Training Program, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Cancer Ecology Center, James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Medical Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sarah R Amend
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine Graduate Training Program, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Cancer Ecology Center, James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Medical Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
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10
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Huang C, Su L, Chen Y, Wu S, Sun R, Xu Q, Qiu X, Yang C, Kong X, Qin H, Zhao X, Jiang X, Wang K, Zhu Y, Wong PP. Ceramide kinase confers tamoxifen resistance in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer by altering sphingolipid metabolism. Pharmacol Res 2023; 187:106558. [PMID: 36410675 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulated sphingolipid metabolism contributes to ER+ breast cancer progression and therapeutic response, whereas its underlying mechanism and contribution to tamoxifen resistance (TAMR) is unknown. Here, we establish sphingolipid metabolic enzyme CERK as a regulator of TAMR in breast cancer. Multi-omics analysis reveals an elevated CERK driven sphingolipid metabolic reprogramming in TAMR cells, while high CERK expression associates with worse patient prognosis in ER+ breast cancer. CERK overexpression confers tamoxifen resistance and promotes tumorigenicity in ER+ breast cancer cells. Knocking out CERK inhibits the orthotopic breast tumor growth of TAMR cells while rescuing their tamoxifen sensitivity. Mechanistically, the elevated EHF expression transcriptionally up-regulates CERK expression to prohibit tamoxifen-induced sphingolipid ceramide accumulation, which then inhibits tamoxifen-mediated repression on PI3K/AKT dependent cell proliferation and its driven p53/caspase-3 mediated apoptosis in TAMR cells. This work provides insight into the regulation of sphingolipid metabolism in tamoxifen resistance and identifies a potential therapeutic target for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA medicine, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Liangping Su
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA medicine, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Yitian Chen
- Department of Breast Cancer, Cancer Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Sangqing Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA medicine, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China; Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Ruipu Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA medicine, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Qiuping Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA medicine, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Xiaoyi Qiu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA medicine, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Ciqiu Yang
- Department of Breast Cancer, Cancer Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xiangzhan Kong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA medicine, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Hongquan Qin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA medicine, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Xinbao Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA medicine, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China; Department of Ultrasound, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Xue Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA medicine, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Breast Cancer, Cancer Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Yinghua Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA medicine, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China; Laboratory Department, Dongguan Children's Hospital Affiliated to Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523000, China.
| | - Ping-Pui Wong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA medicine, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China.
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11
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Du M, Zhang S, Liu X, Xu C, Zhang X. Nondiploid cancer cells: Stress, tolerance and therapeutic inspirations. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188794. [PMID: 36075287 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant ploidy status is a prominent characteristic in malignant neoplasms. Approximately 90% of solid tumors and 75% of haematopoietic malignancies contain aneuploidy cells, and 30%-60% of tumors undergo whole-genome doubling, indicating that nondiploidy might be a prevalent genomic aberration in cancer. Although the role of aneuploid and polyploid cells in cancer remains to be elucidated, recent studies have suggested that nondiploid cells might be a dangerous minority that severely challenges cancer management. Ploidy shifts cause multiple fitness coasts for cancer cells, mainly including genomic, proteotoxic, metabolic and immune stresses. However, nondiploid comprises a well-adopted subpopulation, with many tolerance mechanisms evident in cells along with ploidy shifts. Aneuploid and polyploid cells elegantly maintain an autonomous balance between the stress and tolerance during adaptive evolution in cancer. Breaking the balance might provide some inspiration for ploidy-selective cancer therapy and alleviation of ploidy-related chemoresistance. To understand of the complex role and therapeutic potential of nondiploid cells better, we reviewed the survival stresses and adaptive tolerances within nondiploid cancer cells and summarized therapeutic ploidy-selective alterations for potential use in developing future cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Du
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxia Liu
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Congjian Xu
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai 200011, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai 200011, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Ung J, Tan SF, Fox TE, Shaw JJP, Vass LR, Costa-Pinheiro P, Garrett-Bakelman FE, Keng MK, Sharma A, Claxton DF, Levine RL, Tallman MS, Cabot MC, Kester M, Feith DJ, Loughran TP. Harnessing the power of sphingolipids: Prospects for acute myeloid leukemia. Blood Rev 2022; 55:100950. [PMID: 35487785 PMCID: PMC9475810 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2022.100950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive, heterogenous malignancy characterized by clonal expansion of bone marrow-derived myeloid progenitor cells. While our current understanding of the molecular and genomic landscape of AML has evolved dramatically and opened avenues for molecularly targeted therapeutics to improve upon standard intensive induction chemotherapy, curative treatments are elusive, particularly in older patients. Responses to current AML treatments are transient and incomplete, necessitating the development of novel treatment strategies to improve outcomes. To this end, harnessing the power of bioactive sphingolipids to treat cancer shows great promise. Sphingolipids are involved in many hallmarks of cancer of paramount importance in AML. Leukemic blast survival is influenced by cellular levels of ceramide, a bona fide pro-death molecule, and its conversion to signaling molecules such as sphingosine-1-phosphate and glycosphingolipids. Preclinical studies demonstrate the efficacy of therapeutics that target dysregulated sphingolipid metabolism as well as their combinatorial synergy with clinically-relevant therapeutics. Thus, increased understanding of sphingolipid dysregulation may be exploited to improve AML patient care and outcomes. This review summarizes the current knowledge of dysregulated sphingolipid metabolism in AML, evaluates how pro-survival sphingolipids promote AML pathogenesis, and discusses the therapeutic potential of targeting these dysregulated sphingolipid pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnson Ung
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States of America; Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States of America; University of Virginia Cancer Center, Charlottesville, VA, United States of America
| | - Su-Fern Tan
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States of America; University of Virginia Cancer Center, Charlottesville, VA, United States of America
| | - Todd E Fox
- University of Virginia Cancer Center, Charlottesville, VA, United States of America; Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States of America
| | - Jeremy J P Shaw
- University of Virginia Cancer Center, Charlottesville, VA, United States of America; Department of Experimental Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States of America
| | - Luke R Vass
- University of Virginia Cancer Center, Charlottesville, VA, United States of America; Department of Experimental Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States of America
| | - Pedro Costa-Pinheiro
- Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Francine E Garrett-Bakelman
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States of America; University of Virginia Cancer Center, Charlottesville, VA, United States of America; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States of America
| | - Michael K Keng
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States of America; University of Virginia Cancer Center, Charlottesville, VA, United States of America
| | - Arati Sharma
- Penn State Cancer Institute, Hershey, PA, United States of America
| | - David F Claxton
- Penn State Cancer Institute, Hershey, PA, United States of America
| | - Ross L Levine
- Leukemia Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States of America; Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Martin S Tallman
- Leukemia Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Myles C Cabot
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, East Carolina University, Brody School of Medicine, Greenville, NC, United States of America; East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Brody School of Medicine, Greenville, NC, United States of America
| | - Mark Kester
- University of Virginia Cancer Center, Charlottesville, VA, United States of America; Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States of America
| | - David J Feith
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States of America; University of Virginia Cancer Center, Charlottesville, VA, United States of America
| | - Thomas P Loughran
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States of America; Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States of America; University of Virginia Cancer Center, Charlottesville, VA, United States of America.
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13
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Targeting Acid Ceramidase Inhibits Glioblastoma Cell Migration through Decreased AKT Signaling. Cells 2022; 11:cells11121873. [PMID: 35741006 PMCID: PMC9221433 DOI: 10.3390/cells11121873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) remains one of the most aggressive cancers, partially due to its ability to migrate into the surrounding brain. The sphingolipid balance, or the balance between ceramides and sphingosine-1-phosphate, contributes to the ability of GBM cells to migrate or invade. Of the ceramidases which hydrolyze ceramides, acid ceramidase (ASAH1) is highly expressed in GBM samples compared to non-tumor brain. ASAH1 expression also correlates with genes associated with migration and focal adhesion. To understand the role of ASAH1 in GBM migration, we utilized shRNA knockdown and observed decreased migration that did not depend upon changes in growth. Next, we inhibited ASAH1 using carmofur, a clinically utilized small molecule inhibitor. Inhibition of ASAH1 by carmofur blocks in vitro migration of U251 (GBM cell line) and GBM cells derived from patient-derived xenografts (PDXs). RNA-sequencing suggested roles for carmofur in MAPK and AKT signaling. We found that carmofur treatment decreases phosphorylation of AKT, but not of MAPK. The decrease in AKT phosphorylation was confirmed by shRNA knockdown of ASAH1. Our findings substantiate ASAH1 inhibition using carmofur as a potential clinically relevant treatment to advance GBM therapeutics, particularly due to its impact on migration.
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14
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Targeting tumor cell senescence and polyploidy as potential therapeutic strategies. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 81:37-47. [PMID: 33358748 PMCID: PMC8214633 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Senescence is a unique state of growth arrest that develops in response to a plethora of cellular stresses, including replicative exhaustion, oxidative injury, and genotoxic insults. Senescence has been implicated in the pathogenesis of multiple aging-related pathologies, including cancer. In cancer, senescence plays a dual role, initially acting as a barrier against tumor progression by enforcing a durable growth arrest in premalignant cells, but potentially promoting malignant transformation in neighboring cells through the secretion of pro-tumorigenic drivers. Moreover, senescence is induced in tumor cells upon exposure to a wide variety of conventional and targeted anticancer drugs (termed Therapy-Induced Senescence-TIS), representing a critical contributing factor to therapeutic outcomes. As with replicative or oxidative senescence, TIS manifests as a complex phenotype of macromolecular damage, energetic dysregulation, and altered gene expression. Senescent cells are also frequently polyploid. In vitro studies have suggested that polyploidy may confer upon senescent tumor cells the ability to escape from growth arrest, thereby providing an additional avenue whereby tumor cells escape the lethality of anticancer treatment. Polyploidy in tumor cells is also associated with persistent energy production, chromatin remodeling, self-renewal, stemness and drug resistance - features that are also associated with escape from senescence and conversion to a more malignant phenotype. However, senescent cells are highly heterogenous and can present with variable phenotypes, where polyploidy is one component of a complex reversion process. Lastly, emerging efforts to pharmacologically target polyploid tumor cells might pave the way towards the identification of novel targets for the elimination of senescent tumor cells by the incorporation of senolytic agents into cancer therapeutic strategies.
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15
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Polyploid giant cancer cells are dependent on cholesterol for progeny formation through amitotic division. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8971. [PMID: 35624221 PMCID: PMC9142539 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12705-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyploid Giant Cancer Cells (PGCC) are increasingly being recognized as drivers of cancer recurrence. Therapy stress promotes the formation of these cells, which upon stress cessation often successfully generate more aggressive progeny that repopulate the tumor. Therefore, identification of potential PGCC vulnerabilities is key to preventing therapy failure. We have previously demonstrated that PGCC progeny formation depends on the lysosomal enzyme acid ceramidase (ASAH1). In this study, we compared transcriptomes of parental cancer cells and PGCC in the absence or presence of the ASAH1 inhibitor LCL521. Results show that PGCC express less INSIG1, which downregulates cholesterol metabolism and that inhibition of ASAH1 increased HMGCR which is the rate limiting enzyme in cholesterol synthesis. Confocal microscopy revealed that ceramide and cholesterol do not colocalize. Treatment with LCL521 or simvastatin to inhibit ASAH1 or HMGCR, respectively, resulted in accumulation of ceramide at the cell surface of PGCC and prevented PGCC progeny formation. Our results suggest that similarly to inhibition of ASAH1, disruption of cholesterol signaling is a potential strategy to interfere with PGCC progeny formation.
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16
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A hypothetical proposal to employ meperidine and tamoxifen in treatment of glioblastoma. Role of P-glycoprotein, ceramide and metabolic pathways. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2022; 215:107208. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2022.107208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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17
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Zhou Y, Fu L, Mochizuki K, Xiong J, Miao W, Wang G. Absolute quantification of chromosome copy numbers in the polyploid macronucleus of Tetrahymena thermophila at the single-cell level. J Eukaryot Microbiol 2022; 69:e12907. [PMID: 35313044 DOI: 10.1111/jeu.12907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Amitosis is widespread among eukaryotes, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. The polyploid macronucleus (MAC) of unicellular ciliates divides by amitosis, making ciliates a potentially valuable model system to study this process. However, a method to accurately quantify the copy number of MAC chromosomes has not yet been established. Here we used droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) to quantify the absolute copy number of the MAC chromosomes in Tetrahymena thermophila. We first confirmed that ddPCR is a sensitive and reproducible method to determine accurate chromosome copy numbers at the single-cell level. We then used ddPCR to determine the copy number of different MAC chromosomes by analyzing individual T. thermophila cells in the G1 and the amitotic (AM) phases. The average copy number of MAC chromosomes was 90.9 at G1 phase, approximately half the number at AM phase (189.8). The copy number of each MAC chromosome varied among individual cells in G1 phase and correlated with cell size, suggesting that amitosis accompanied by unequal cytokinesis causes copy number variability. Furthermore, the fact that MAC chromosome copy number is less variable among AM-phase cells suggests that the copy number is standardized by regulating DNA replication. We also demonstrated that copy numbers differ among different MAC chromosomes and that interchromosomal variations in copy number are consistent across individual cells. Our findings demonstrate that ddPCR can be used to model amitosis in T. thermophila and possibly in other ciliates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lu Fu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Kazufumi Mochizuki
- Institute of Human Genetics (IGH), CNRS, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, 34090, France
| | - Jie Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Wei Miao
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.,State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Kunming, 650223, China
| | - Guangying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
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18
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Peerapen P, Sueksakit K, Boonmark W, Yoodee S, Thongboonkerd V. ARID1A knockdown enhances carcinogenesis features and aggressiveness of Caco-2 colon cancer cells: An in vitro cellular mechanism study. J Cancer 2022; 13:373-384. [PMID: 35069887 PMCID: PMC8771531 DOI: 10.7150/jca.65511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss of ARID1A, a tumor suppressor gene, is associated with the higher grade of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the progression and aggressiveness of CRC induced by the loss of ARID1A remain poorly understood. Herein, we evaluated cellular mechanisms underlying the effects of ARID1A knockdown on the carcinogenesis features and aggressiveness of CRC cells. A human CRC cell line (Caco-2) was transfected with small interfering RNA (siRNA) specific to ARID1A (siARID1A) or scrambled (non-specific) siRNA (siControl). Cell death, proliferation, senescence, chemoresistance and invasion were then evaluated. In addition, formation of polyploid giant cancer cells (PGCCs), self-aggregation (multicellular spheroid) and secretion of an angiogenic factor, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), were examined. The results showed that ARID1A knockdown led to significant decreases in cell death and senescence. On the other hand, ARID1A knockdown enhanced cell proliferation, chemoresistance and invasion. The siARID1A-transfected cells also had greater number of PGCCs and larger spheroid size and secreted greater level of VEGF compared with the siControl-transfected cells. These data, at least in part, explain the cellular mechanisms of ARID1A deficiency in carcinogenesis and aggressiveness features of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paleerath Peerapen
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Kanyarat Sueksakit
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Wanida Boonmark
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Sunisa Yoodee
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Visith Thongboonkerd
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
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19
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Bataller M, Sánchez-García A, Garcia-Mayea Y, Mir C, Rodriguez I, LLeonart ME. The Role of Sphingolipids Metabolism in Cancer Drug Resistance. Front Oncol 2022; 11:807636. [PMID: 35004331 PMCID: PMC8733468 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.807636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance continues to be one of the major challenges to cure cancer. As research in this field evolves, it has been proposed that numerous bioactive molecules might be involved in the resistance of cancer cells to certain chemotherapeutics. One well-known group of lipids that play a major role in drug resistance are the sphingolipids. Sphingolipids are essential components of the lipid raft domains of the plasma membrane and this structural function is important for apoptosis and/or cell proliferation. Dysregulation of sphingolipids, including ceramide, sphingomyelin or sphingosine 1-phosphate, has been linked to drug resistance in different types of cancer, including breast, melanoma or colon cancer. Sphingolipid metabolism is complex, involving several lipid catabolism with the participation of key enzymes such as glucosylceramide synthase (GCS) and sphingosine kinase 1 (SPHK1). With an overview of the latest available data on this topic and its implications in cancer therapy, this review focuses on the main enzymes implicated in sphingolipids metabolism and their intermediate metabolites involved in cancer drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Bataller
- Biomedical Research in Cancer Stem Cells Group, Vall d´Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Almudena Sánchez-García
- Biomedical Research in Cancer Stem Cells Group, Vall d´Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yoelsis Garcia-Mayea
- Biomedical Research in Cancer Stem Cells Group, Vall d´Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Mir
- Biomedical Research in Cancer Stem Cells Group, Vall d´Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Rodriguez
- Assistant Director of Nursing, Nursing Management Service Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Matilde Esther LLeonart
- Biomedical Research in Cancer Stem Cells Group, Vall d´Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain.,Spanish Biomedical Research Network Centre in Oncology, CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
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20
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Liu J, Niu N, Li X, Zhang X, Sood AK. The life cycle of polyploid giant cancer cells and dormancy in cancer: Opportunities for novel therapeutic interventions. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 81:132-144. [PMID: 34670140 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Recent data suggest that most genotoxic agents in cancer therapy can lead to shock of genome and increase in cell size, which leads whole genome duplication or multiplication, formation of polyploid giant cancer cells, activation of an early embryonic program, and dedifferentiation of somatic cells. This process is achieved via the giant cell life cycle, a recently proposed mechanism for malignant transformation of somatic cells. Increase in both cell size and ploidy allows cells to completely or partially restructures the genome and develop into a blastocyst-like structure, similar to that observed in blastomere-stage embryogenesis. Although blastocyst-like structures with reprogrammed genome can generate resistant or metastatic daughter cells or benign cells of different lineages, they also acquired ability to undergo embryonic diapause, a reversible state of suspended embryonic development in which cells enter dormancy for survival in response to environmental stress. Therapeutic agents can activate this evolutionarily conserved developmental program, and when cells awaken from embryonic diapause, this leads to recurrence or metastasis. Understanding of the key mechanisms that regulate the different stages of the giant cell life cycle offers new opportunities for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsong Liu
- Departments of Anatomic Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA; Departments of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Na Niu
- Departments of Anatomic Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Xiaoran Li
- Departments of Anatomic Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Xudong Zhang
- Departments of Anatomic Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Anil K Sood
- Departments of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
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21
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Liu H, Xia T, You Y, Zhang Q, Ni H, Liu Y, Liu Y, Xu Y, You B, Zhang Z. Characteristics and clinical significance of polyploid giant cancer cells in laryngeal carcinoma. Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol 2021; 6:1228-1234. [PMID: 34667869 PMCID: PMC8513447 DOI: 10.1002/lio2.667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to construct an induction system for polyploid giant cancer cells (PGCCs), as well as to investigate PGCC features and clinical significance. METHODS A laryngeal neoplasm-PGCC induction system was constructed using paclitaxel liposomes (PTX). We used western blots to compare expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition-related proteins, stem cell interrelated proteins, and cyclin-associated proteins. We then measured PGCC count in tissue samples of patients with laryngeal neoplasms and analyzed its relationship with prognosis. Statistical significance was determined using t-tests. RESULTS PTX successfully induced PGCCs. Western blotting showed that CyclinB1, CDC25C, CDK1, E-cadherin, and EIF-4A expression decreased in PGCCs compared with normal cancer cells, whereas vimentin and CD133 expression increased. Number of PGCCs in laryngeal cancer tissues and overall survival time were inversely correlated (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS PTX successfully induces PGCC formation in laryngeal carcinoma, which may be the cause of poor prognosis in patients with laryngeal cancer.Level of Evidence: 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui‐Ting Liu
- Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery DepartmentAffiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityNantongChina
- Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery InstituteAffiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityNantongChina
| | - Tian Xia
- Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery DepartmentAffiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityNantongChina
- Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery InstituteAffiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityNantongChina
| | - Yi‐Wen You
- Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery DepartmentAffiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityNantongChina
- Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery InstituteAffiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityNantongChina
| | - Qi‐Cheng Zhang
- Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery DepartmentAffiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityNantongChina
- Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery InstituteAffiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityNantongChina
| | - Hao‐sheng Ni
- Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery DepartmentAffiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityNantongChina
- Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery InstituteAffiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityNantongChina
| | - Yi‐Fei Liu
- Department of PathologyAffiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityNantongChina
| | - Yuan‐Ru Liu
- Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery DepartmentAffiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityNantongChina
- Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery InstituteAffiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityNantongChina
| | - Yu‐Qing Xu
- Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery DepartmentAffiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityNantongChina
| | - Bo You
- Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery DepartmentAffiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityNantongChina
- Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery InstituteAffiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityNantongChina
| | - Zhen‐Xin Zhang
- Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery DepartmentAffiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityNantongChina
- Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery InstituteAffiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityNantongChina
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22
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Song Y, Zhao Y, Deng Z, Zhao R, Huang Q. Stress-Induced Polyploid Giant Cancer Cells: Unique Way of Formation and Non-Negligible Characteristics. Front Oncol 2021; 11:724781. [PMID: 34527590 PMCID: PMC8435787 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.724781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyploidy is a conserved mechanism in cell development and stress responses. Multiple stresses of treatment, including radiation and chemotherapy drugs, can induce the polyploidization of tumor cells. Through endoreplication or cell fusion, diploid tumor cells convert into giant tumor cells with single large nuclei or multiple small nucleuses. Some of the stress-induced colossal cells, which were previously thought to be senescent and have no ability to proliferate, can escape the fate of death by a special way. They can remain alive at least before producing progeny cells through asymmetric cell division, a depolyploidization way named neosis. Those large and danger cells are recognized as polyploid giant cancer cells (PGCCs). Such cells are under suspicion of being highly related to tumor recurrence and metastasis after treatment and can bring new targets for cancer therapy. However, differences in formation mechanisms between PGCCs and well-accepted polyploid cancer cells are largely unknown. In this review, the methods used in different studies to induce polyploid cells are summarized, and several mechanisms of polyploidization are demonstrated. Besides, we discuss some characteristics related to the poor prognosis caused by PGCCs in order to provide readers with a more comprehensive understanding of these huge cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwei Song
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yucui Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Deng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruyi Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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23
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Ceramide Metabolism Enzymes-Therapeutic Targets against Cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 57:medicina57070729. [PMID: 34357010 PMCID: PMC8303233 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57070729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sphingolipids are both structural molecules that are essential for cell architecture and second messengers that are involved in numerous cell functions. Ceramide is the central hub of sphingolipid metabolism. In addition to being the precursor of complex sphingolipids, ceramides induce cell cycle arrest and promote cell death and inflammation. At least some of the enzymes involved in the regulation of sphingolipid metabolism are altered in carcinogenesis, and some are targets for anticancer drugs. A number of scientific reports have shown how alterations in sphingolipid pools can affect cell proliferation, survival and migration. Determination of sphingolipid levels and the regulation of the enzymes that are implicated in their metabolism is a key factor for developing novel therapeutic strategies or improving conventional therapies. The present review highlights the importance of bioactive sphingolipids and their regulatory enzymes as targets for therapeutic interventions with especial emphasis in carcinogenesis and cancer dissemination.
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24
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Ceramide Synthase 6 Maximizes p53 Function to Prevent Progeny Formation from Polyploid Giant Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13092212. [PMID: 34062962 PMCID: PMC8125704 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary One mechanism that contributes to cancer recurrence is the ability of some malignant cells to temporarily halt cell division and accumulate multiple nuclei that are later released as progeny, which resume cell division. The release of progeny occurs via primitive cleavage and is highly dependent on the sphingolipid enzyme acid ceramidase but the role of sphingolipid metabolism in this process remains to be elucidated. This study highlights differences in sphingolipid metabolism between non-polyploid and polyploid cancer cells and shows that ceramide synthase 6, which preferentially generates C16-ceramide maximizes the ability of the tumor suppressor p53 to inhibit progeny formation in polyploid cancer cells. These results offer an explanation as to why non-cancerous polyploid cells, which express wildtype p53, do not generate progeny and suggest that cancer cells with deregulated p53 function pose a higher risk of evading therapy especially if enzymes that generate C16-ceramide are also dysregulated. Abstract Polyploid giant cancer cells (PGCC) constitute a transiently senescent subpopulation of cancer cells that arises in response to stress. PGCC are capable of generating progeny via a primitive, cleavage-like cell division that is dependent on the sphingolipid enzyme acid ceramidase (ASAH1). The goal of this study was to understand differences in sphingolipid metabolism between non-polyploid and polyploid cancer cells to gain an understanding of the ASAH1-dependence in the PGCC population. Steady-state and flux analysis of sphingolipids did not support our initial hypothesis that the ASAH1 product sphingosine is rapidly converted into the pro-survival lipid sphingosine-1-phosphate. Instead, our results suggest that ASAH1 activity is important for preventing the accumulation of long chain ceramides such as C16-ceramide. We therefore determined how modulation of C16-ceramide, either through CerS6 or p53, a known PGCC suppressor and enhancer of CerS6-derived C16-ceramide, affected PGCC progeny formation. Co-expression of the CerS6 and p53 abrogated the ability of PGCC to form offspring, suggesting that the two genes form a positive feedback loop. CerS6 enhanced the effect of p53 by significantly increasing protein half-life. Our results support the idea that sphingolipid metabolism is of functional importance in PGCC and that targeting this signaling pathway has potential for clinical intervention.
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25
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Zhang J, Qiao Q, Xu H, Zhou R, Liu X. Human cell polyploidization: The good and the evil. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 81:54-63. [PMID: 33839294 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic resistance represents a major cause of death for most lethal cancers. However, the underlying mechanisms of such resistance have remained unclear. The polyploid cells are due to an increase in DNA content, commonly associated with cell enlargement. In human, they play a variety of roles in physiology and pathologic conditions and perform the specialized functions during development, inflammation, and cancer. Recent work shows that cancer cells can be induced into polyploid giant cancer cells (PGCCs) that leads to reprogramming of surviving cancer cells to acquire resistance. In this article, we will review the polyploidy involved in development and inflammation, and the process of PGCCs formation and propagation that benefits to cell survival. We will discuss the potential opportunities in fighting resistant cancers. The increased knowledge of PGCCs will offer a completely new paradigm to explore the therapeutic intervention for lethal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Qing Qiao
- Department of General Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Ru Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Xinzhe Liu
- School of Basic Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
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26
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Saini G, Joshi S, Garlapati C, Li H, Kong J, Krishnamurthy J, Reid MD, Aneja R. Polyploid giant cancer cell characterization: New frontiers in predicting response to chemotherapy in breast cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 81:220-231. [PMID: 33766651 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Although polyploid cells were first described nearly two centuries ago, their ability to proliferate has only recently been demonstrated. It also becomes increasingly evident that a subset of tumor cells, polyploid giant cancer cells (PGCCs), play a critical role in the pathophysiology of breast cancer (BC), among other cancer types. In BC, PGCCs can arise in response to therapy-induced stress. Their progeny possess cancer stem cell (CSC) properties and can repopulate the tumor. By modulating the tumor microenvironment (TME), PGCCs promote BC progression, chemoresistance, metastasis, and relapse and ultimately impact the survival of BC patients. Given their pro- tumorigenic roles, PGCCs have been proposed to possess the ability to predict treatment response and patient prognosis in BC. Traditionally, DNA cytometry has been used to detect PGCCs.. The field will further derive benefit from the development of approaches to accurately detect PGCCs and their progeny using robust PGCC biomarkers. In this review, we present the current state of knowledge about the clinical relevance of PGCCs in BC. We also propose to use an artificial intelligence-assisted image analysis pipeline to identify PGCC and map their interactions with other TME components, thereby facilitating the clinical implementation of PGCCs as biomarkers to predict treatment response and survival outcomes in BC patients. Finally, we summarize efforts to therapeutically target PGCCs to prevent chemoresistance and improve clinical outcomes in patients with BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geetanjali Saini
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Shriya Joshi
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Hongxiao Li
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Jun Kong
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Computer Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Computer Science, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Michelle D Reid
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ritu Aneja
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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27
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Was H, Borkowska A, Olszewska A, Klemba A, Marciniak M, Synowiec A, Kieda C. Polyploidy formation in cancer cells: How a Trojan horse is born. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 81:24-36. [PMID: 33727077 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Ploidy increase has been shown to occur in different type of tumors and participate in tumor initiation and resistance to the treatment. Polyploid giant cancer cells (PGCCs) are cells with multiple nuclei or a single giant nucleus containing multiple complete sets of chromosomes. The mechanism leading to formation of PGCCs may depend on: endoreplication, mitotic slippage, cytokinesis failure, cell fusion or cell cannibalism. Polyploidy formation might be triggered in response to various genotoxic stresses including: chemotherapeutics, radiation, hypoxia, oxidative stress or environmental factors like: air pollution, UV light or hyperthermia. A fundamental feature of polyploid cancer cells is the generation of progeny during the reversal of the polyploid state (depolyploidization) that may show high aggressiveness resulting in the formation of resistant disease and tumor recurrence. Therefore, we propose that modern anti-cancer therapies should be designed taking under consideration polyploidization/ depolyploidization processes, which confer the polyploidization a hidden potential similar to a Trojan horse delayed aggressiveness. Various mechanisms and stress factors leading to polyploidy formation in cancer cells are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halina Was
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Military Institute of Medicine, Szaserow 128 Street, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Agata Borkowska
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Military Institute of Medicine, Szaserow 128 Street, Warsaw, Poland; Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Zwirki i Wigury 61 Street, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Olszewska
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Military Institute of Medicine, Szaserow 128 Street, Warsaw, Poland; Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Zwirki i Wigury 61 Street, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Klemba
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Military Institute of Medicine, Szaserow 128 Street, Warsaw, Poland; College of Inter-Faculty Individual Studies in Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c Street, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Marciniak
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Military Institute of Medicine, Szaserow 128 Street, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Synowiec
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Military Institute of Medicine, Szaserow 128 Street, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Claudine Kieda
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Military Institute of Medicine, Szaserow 128 Street, Warsaw, Poland
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28
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Zhang Z, Feng X, Deng Z, Cheng J, Wang Y, Zhao M, Zhao Y, He S, Huang Q. Irradiation-induced polyploid giant cancer cells are involved in tumor cell repopulation via neosis. Mol Oncol 2021; 15:2219-2234. [PMID: 33523579 PMCID: PMC8334289 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor repopulation occurs when residual tumor cells surviving therapies tenaciously proliferate and re‐establish the tumor. The cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying this process remain poorly understood. In this study, we propose that polyploid giant cancer cells (PGCCs) are involved in tumor repopulation via neosis following radiotherapy. We found that although the majority of PGCCs induced by irradiation underwent cell death, some PGCCs exhibited proliferative capacity. Utilizing time‐lapse microscopy and single‐cell cloning assays, we observed that proliferating PGCCs underwent neosis, thereby contributing to tumor cell repopulation after irradiation. Notably, HMGB1 released from dying tumor cells rather than intracellular HMGB1 could promote neosis‐based tumor repopulation, and the latter could be suppressed by the use of HMGB1 inhibitors. Taken together, our results indicate that PGCC can initiate tumor repopulation via neosis following radiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengxiang Zhang
- Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Feng
- Department of Oncology, Henan Province People's Hospital, Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zheng Deng
- Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Cheng
- Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiwei Wang
- Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Minghui Zhao
- Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yucui Zhao
- Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Sijia He
- Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Huang
- Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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29
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Voelkel-Johnson C. Sphingolipids in embryonic development, cell cycle regulation, and stemness - Implications for polyploidy in tumors. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 81:206-219. [PMID: 33429049 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The aberrant biology of polyploid giant cancer cells (PGCC) includes dysregulation of the cell cycle, induction of stress responses, and dedifferentiation, all of which are likely accompanied by adaptations in biophysical properties and metabolic activity. Sphingolipids are the second largest class of membrane lipids and play important roles in many aspects of cell biology that are potentially relevant to polyploidy. We have recently shown that the function of the sphingolipid enzyme acid ceramidase (ASAH1) is critical for the ability of PGCC to generate progeny by depolyploidization but mechanisms by which sphingolipids contribute to polyploidy and generation of offspring with stem-like properties remain elusive. This review discusses the role of sphingolipids during embryonic development, cell cycle regulation, and stem cells in an effort to highlight parallels to polyploidy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Voelkel-Johnson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
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30
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Vethakanraj HS, Chandrasekaran N, Sekar AK. Acid ceramidase, a double-edged sword in cancer aggression: A minireview. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2020; 21:CCDT-EPUB-112652. [PMID: 33357194 DOI: 10.2174/1568009620666201223154621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Acid ceramidase (AC), the key enzyme of the ceramide metabolic pathway hydrolyzes pro-apoptotic ceramide to sphingosine, which by the action of sphingosine-1-kinase is metabolized to mitogenic sphingosine-1-phosphate. The intracellular level of AC determines ceramide/sphingosine-1-phosphate rheostat which in turn decides the cell fate. The upregulated AC expression during cancerous condition acts as a "double-edged sword" by converting pro-apoptotic ceramide to anti-apoptotic sphingosine-1-phosphate, wherein on one end, the level of ceramide is decreased and on the other end, the level of sphingosine-1-phosphate is increased, thus altogether aggravating the cancer progression. In addition, cancer cells with upregulated AC expression exhibited increased cell proliferation, metastasis, chemoresistance, radioresistance and numerous strategies were developed in the past to effectively target the enzyme. Gene silencing and pharmacological inhibition of AC sensitized the resistant cells to chemo/radiotherapy thereby promoting cell death. The core objective of this review is to explore AC mediated tumour progression and the potential role of AC inhibitors in various cancer cell lines/models.
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31
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Kumar M, Bowers RR, Delaney JR. Single-cell analysis of copy-number alterations in serous ovarian cancer reveals substantial heterogeneity in both low- and high-grade tumors. Cell Cycle 2020; 19:3154-3166. [PMID: 33121339 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2020.1836439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Unusually high aneuploidy is a hallmark of epithelial serous ovarian cancer (SOC). Previous analyses have focused on aneuploidy on average across all tumor cells. With the expansion of single-cell sequencing technologies, however, an analysis of copy number heterogeneity cell-to-cell is now technically feasible. Here, we describe an analysis of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data to infer arm-level aneuploidy in individual serous ovarian cancer cells. By first clustering high-quality sequenced epithelial versus non-epithelial cells, high-confidence tumor cell populations were identified. InferCNV was used to predict segmented copy-number alterations (CNAs), which were then used to determine arm-level aneuploidy at the single-cell level. Control comparisons of normal cells to normal cells showed zero arm-level aneuploidy, whereas a median of four aneuploid events were detectable in cancer cells. A heterogeneity analysis of high-grade tumor cells compared to low-grade tumor cells showed similar levels of cell-to-cell variation between cancer grades. Metastatic tumors potentially showed selection pressure with reduced cell-to-cell variation compared to cells from primary tumors. Minor cell populations with CNAs similar to metastatic cells were identified within the matched primary tumors. Taken together, these results provide a minimum estimate for single-cell aneuploidy in serous ovarian cancer and demonstrate the utility of single-cell sequencing for CNA analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manonmani Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Robert R Bowers
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Joe R Delaney
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, SC, USA
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Dawson MR, Xuan B, Hsu J, Ghosh D. Force balancing ACT-IN the tumor microenvironment: Cytoskeletal modifications in cancer and stromal cells to promote malignancy. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 360:1-31. [PMID: 33962748 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2020.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment is a complex milieu that dictates the growth, invasion, and metastasis of cancer cells. Both cancer and stromal cells in the tumor tissue encounter and adapt to a variety of extracellular factors, and subsequently contribute and drive the progression of the disease to more advanced stages. As the disease progresses, a small population of cancer cells becomes more invasive through a complex process known as epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and nearby stromal cells assume a carcinoma associated fibroblast phenotype characterized by enhanced migration, cell contractility, and matrix secretion with the ability to reorganize extracellular matrices. As cells transition into more malignant phenotypes their biophysical properties, controlled by the organization of cytoskeletal proteins, are altered. Actin and its associated proteins are essential modulators and facilitators of these changes. As the cells respond to the cues in the microenvironment, actin driven mechanical forces inside and outside the cells also evolve. Recent advances in biophysical techniques have enabled us to probe these actin driven changes in cancer and stromal cells and demarcate their role in driving changes in the microenvironment. Understanding the underlying biophysical mechanisms that drive cancer progression could provide critical insight on novel therapeutic approaches in the fight against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle R Dawson
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology, and Biotechnology, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States; Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States; Brown University, Center for Biomedical Engineering, Providence, RI, United States.
| | - Botai Xuan
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology, and Biotechnology, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Jeffrey Hsu
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology, and Biotechnology, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Deepraj Ghosh
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology, and Biotechnology, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
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33
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Hawkins CC, Ali T, Ramanadham S, Hjelmeland AB. Sphingolipid Metabolism in Glioblastoma and Metastatic Brain Tumors: A Review of Sphingomyelinases and Sphingosine-1-Phosphate. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1357. [PMID: 32977496 PMCID: PMC7598277 DOI: 10.3390/biom10101357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a primary malignant brain tumor with a dismal prognosis, partially due to our inability to completely remove and kill all GBM cells. Rapid tumor recurrence contributes to a median survival of only 15 months with the current standard of care which includes maximal surgical resection, radiation, and temozolomide (TMZ), a blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetrant chemotherapy. Radiation and TMZ cause sphingomyelinases (SMase) to hydrolyze sphingomyelins to generate ceramides, which induce apoptosis. However, cells can evade apoptosis by converting ceramides to sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P). S1P has been implicated in a wide range of cancers including GBM. Upregulation of S1P has been linked to the proliferation and invasion of GBM and other cancers that display a propensity for brain metastasis. To mediate their biological effects, SMases and S1P modulate signaling via phospholipase C (PLC) and phospholipase D (PLD). In addition, both SMase and S1P may alter the integrity of the BBB leading to infiltration of tumor-promoting immune populations. SMase activity has been associated with tumor evasion of the immune system, while S1P creates a gradient for trafficking of innate and adaptive immune cells. This review will explore the role of sphingolipid metabolism and pharmacological interventions in GBM and metastatic brain tumors with a focus on SMase and S1P.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyntanna C. Hawkins
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Birmingham at Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA; (C.C.H.); (S.R.)
| | - Tomader Ali
- Research Department, Imperial College London Diabetes Centre, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 48338, UAE;
| | - Sasanka Ramanadham
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Birmingham at Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA; (C.C.H.); (S.R.)
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Birmingham at Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Anita B. Hjelmeland
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Birmingham at Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA; (C.C.H.); (S.R.)
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Milliken BT, Melegari L, Smith GL, Grohn K, Wolfe AJ, Moody K, Bou-Abdallah F, Doyle RP. Fenretinide binding to the lysosomal protein saposin D alters ceramide solubilization and hydrolysis. RSC Med Chem 2020; 11:1048-1052. [PMID: 33479697 PMCID: PMC7513591 DOI: 10.1039/d0md00182a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Fenretinide is a synthetic retinoid pharmaceutical linked to ceramide build-up in vivo. Saposin D is an intralysosomal protein necessary for ceramide binding/degradation. We show, via electronic absorption spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, and ceramide hydrolysis assays, that fenretinide is bound by saposin D {K a = (1.45 ± 0.49) × 105 M-1}, and affects ceramide solubilization/degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon T Milliken
- Department of Chemistry , Syracuse University , Syracuse , NY 13244 , USA .
| | - Lindy Melegari
- Department of Chemistry , Syracuse University , Syracuse , NY 13244 , USA .
| | - Gideon L Smith
- Department of Chemistry , State University of New York , Potsdam , NY 13676 , USA .
| | - Kris Grohn
- Ichor Therapeutics, Inc , 2521 US-1 , Lafayette , NY 13084 , USA
| | - Aaron J Wolfe
- Ichor Therapeutics, Inc , 2521 US-1 , Lafayette , NY 13084 , USA
- Lysoclear Inc. , 2521 US RT 11 , Lafayette , NY 13084 , USA
| | - Kelsey Moody
- Ichor Therapeutics, Inc , 2521 US-1 , Lafayette , NY 13084 , USA
- Lysoclear Inc. , 2521 US RT 11 , Lafayette , NY 13084 , USA
| | - Fadi Bou-Abdallah
- Department of Chemistry , State University of New York , Potsdam , NY 13676 , USA .
| | - Robert P Doyle
- Department of Chemistry , Syracuse University , Syracuse , NY 13244 , USA .
- Department of Medicine , State University of New York , Upstate Medical University , 13210 , USA
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35
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Anderson G. Glioblastoma chemoresistance: roles of the mitochondrial melatonergic pathway. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2020; 3:334-355. [PMID: 35582450 PMCID: PMC8992488 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2020.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Treatment-resistance is common in glioblastoma (GBM) and the glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSC) from which they arise. Current treatment options are generally regarded as very poor and this arises from a poor conceptualization of the biological underpinnings of GBM/GSC and of the plasticity that these cells are capable of utilizing in response to different treatments. A number of studies indicate melatonin to have utility in the management of GBM/GSC, both per se and when adjunctive to chemotherapy. Recent work shows melatonin to be produced in mitochondria, with the mitochondrial melatonergic pathway proposed to be a crucial factor in driving the wide array of changes in intra- and inter-cellular processes, as well as receptors that can be evident in the cells of the GBM/GSC microenvironment. Variations in the enzymatic conversion of N-acetylserotonin (NAS) to melatonin may be especially important in GSC, as NAS can activate the tyrosine receptor kinase B to increase GSC survival and proliferation. Consequently, variations in the NAS/melatonin ratio may have contrasting effects on GBM/GSC survival. It is proposed that mitochondrial communication across cell types in the tumour microenvironment is strongly driven by the need to carefully control the mitochondrial melatonergic pathways across cell types, with a number of intra- and inter-cellular processes occurring as a consequence of the need to carefully regulate the NAS/melatonin ratio. This better integrates previously disparate data on GBM/GSC as well as providing clear future research and treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Anderson
- CRC Scotland & London, Eccleston Square, London SW1V 1PG, UK
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36
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White‐Gilbertson S, Lu P, Jones CM, Chiodini S, Hurley D, Das A, Delaney JR, Norris JS, Voelkel‐Johnson C. Tamoxifen is a candidate first-in-class inhibitor of acid ceramidase that reduces amitotic division in polyploid giant cancer cells-Unrecognized players in tumorigenesis. Cancer Med 2020; 9:3142-3152. [PMID: 32135040 PMCID: PMC7196070 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyploid giant cancer cells (PGCC) represent a poorly understood, small subpopulation of tumor cells that are increasingly being recognized for their critical role in therapy resistance, metastasis, and cancer recurrence. PGCC have the potential to generate progeny through primitive or cleavage-like division, which allows them to evade antimitotic insults. We recently demonstrated that the sphingolipid enzyme acid ceramidase (ASAH1) is required for this process. Since specific ASAH1 inhibitors are not clinically available, we investigated whether tamoxifen, which interferes with ASAH1 function via off-target effects, has a potential clinical benefit independent of estrogen signaling. Our results show that tamoxifen inhibits generation of PGCC offspring in prostate cancer, glioblastoma, and melanoma cells. Analysis of two state-level cancer registries revealed that tamoxifen improves survival outcomes for second, nonbreast cancers that develop in women with early stage breast cancer. Our results suggest that tamoxifen may have a clinical benefit in a variety of cancers that is independent of estrogen signaling and could be due to its inhibition of acid ceramidase. Thus the distinct application of tamoxifen as potentially a first-in-class therapeutic that inhibits the generation of PGCC offspring should be considered in future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shai White‐Gilbertson
- Department of Microbiology & ImmunologyMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSCUSA
| | - Ping Lu
- Department of Microbiology & ImmunologyMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSCUSA
| | - Christian M. Jones
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSCUSA
| | | | - Deborah Hurley
- South Carolina Central Cancer RegistrySCDHECColumbiaSCUSA
| | - Arabinda Das
- Department of NeuroscienceMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSCUSA
| | - Joe R. Delaney
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSCUSA
| | - James S. Norris
- Department of Microbiology & ImmunologyMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSCUSA
| | - Christina Voelkel‐Johnson
- Department of Microbiology & ImmunologyMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSCUSA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSCUSA
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