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Liu J, Zhai X, Ding L, Yu M, Zhang Q, Liu J, Song Y, Ma L, Xiao X. Landscapes of maternal and neonatal gut microbiome and plasma metabolome signatures and their interaction in gestational diabetes mellitus. J Nutr Biochem 2024:109716. [PMID: 39147246 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2024.109716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is prevalent among pregnant individuals and is linked to increased risks for both mothers and foetuses. Although GDM is known to cause disruptions in gut microbiota and metabolites, their potential transmission to the foetus has not been fully explored. This study aimed to characterize the similarities in microbial and metabolic signatures between mothers with GDM and their neonates as well as the interactions between these signatures. METHODS This study included 89 maternal-neonate pairs (44 in the GDM group and 45 in the normoglycaemic group). We utilized 16S rRNA gene sequencing and untargeted metabolomics to analyse the gut microbiota and plasma metabolomics of mothers and neonates. Integrative analyses were performed to elucidate the interactions between these omics. RESULTS Distinct microbial and metabolic signatures were observed in GDM mothers and their neonates compared to those in the normoglycaemic group. Fourteen genera showed similar alterations across both groups. Metabolites linked to glucose, lipid, and energy metabolism were differentially influenced in GDM, with similar trends observed in both mothers and neonates in the GDM group. Network analysis indicated significant associations between Qipengyuania and metabolites related to bile acid metabolism in mothers and newborns. Furthermore, we observed a significant correlation between several genera and metabolites and clinical phenotypes in normoglycaemic mothers and newborns, but these correlations were disrupted in the GDM group. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that GDM consistently affects both the microbiota and metabolome in mothers and neonates, thus elucidating the mechanism underlying metabolic transmission across generations. These insights contribute to knowledge regarding the multiomics interactions in GDM and underscore the need to further investigate the prenatal environmental impacts on offspring metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Diabetes Research Center of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China; Center for Biomarker Discovery and Validation, National Infrastructures for Translational Medicine (PUMCH), Institute of Clinical Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xiao Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Diabetes Research Center of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Lu Ding
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Diabetes Research Center of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Miao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Diabetes Research Center of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Diabetes Research Center of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Juntao Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yingna Song
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Liangkun Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Xinhua Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Diabetes Research Center of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China.
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Yu J, Chen X, Yang X, Zhang B. Understanding gut dysbiosis for hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosis and treatment. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2024:S1043-2760(24)00163-2. [PMID: 38969601 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2024.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
The gut microbiome can play a crucial role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression through the enterohepatic circulation, primarily acting via metabolic reprogramming and alterations in the hepatic immune microenvironment triggered by microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs), metabolites, and fungi. In addition, the gut microbiome shows potential as a biomarker for early HCC diagnosis and for assessing the efficacy of immunotherapy in unresectable HCC. This review examines how gut microbiota dysbiosis, with varied functional profiles, contributes to HCCs of different etiologies. We discuss therapeutic strategies to modulate the gut microbiome including diets, antibiotics, probiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, and nano-delivery systems, and underscore their potential as an adjunctive treatment modality for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Yu
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreatic-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreatic-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xiangliang Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Bixiang Zhang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreatic-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
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Galasso L, Cerrito L, Maccauro V, Termite F, Mignini I, Esposto G, Borriello R, Ainora ME, Gasbarrini A, Zocco MA. Inflammatory Response in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Double-Edged Weapon. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7191. [PMID: 39000296 PMCID: PMC11241080 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2024] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most frequent among primary liver tumors (90%) and one of the main causes of cancer-related death. It develops usually in a chronically inflamed environment, ranging from compensatory parenchymal regeneration to fibrosis and cirrhosis: carcinogenesis can potentially happen in each of these stages. Inflammation determined by chronic viral infection (hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and hepatitis delta viruses) represents an important risk factor for HCC etiology through both viral direct damage and immune-related mechanisms. The deregulation of the physiological liver immunological network determined by viral infection can lead to carcinogenesis. The recent introduction of immunotherapy as the gold-standard first-line treatment for HCC highlights the role of the immune system and inflammation as a double-edged weapon in both HCC carcinogenesis and treatment. In this review we highlight how the inflammation is the key for the hepatocarcinogenesis in viral, alcohol and metabolic liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Galasso
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino, Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of Rome, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Cerrito
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino, Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of Rome, 00168 Rome, Italy
- CEMAD Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of Rome, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Maccauro
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino, Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of Rome, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Termite
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino, Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of Rome, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Irene Mignini
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino, Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of Rome, 00168 Rome, Italy
- CEMAD Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of Rome, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgio Esposto
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino, Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of Rome, 00168 Rome, Italy
- CEMAD Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of Rome, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaele Borriello
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino, Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of Rome, 00168 Rome, Italy
- CEMAD Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of Rome, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Elena Ainora
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino, Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of Rome, 00168 Rome, Italy
- CEMAD Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of Rome, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino, Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of Rome, 00168 Rome, Italy
- CEMAD Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of Rome, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Assunta Zocco
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino, Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of Rome, 00168 Rome, Italy
- CEMAD Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of Rome, 00168 Rome, Italy
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Chang G, Sun J, Li J, Li T. Effect of Probiotics on Portal Hypertension (PH) with Cirrhosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2024; 48:102361. [PMID: 38701917 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2024.102361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There are many options for the reduction of portal hypertension (pH) in cirrhotic patients, but all the current ones have side effects. Probiotics are a new approach for ameliorating the hyperdynamic circulation of cirrhotic patients. The aim of this study is to measure the effect of probiotics on pH in cirrhosis for the first time. METHODS A search was conducted across four electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane) for English-language records evaluating probiotic effects on pH in cirrhotic patients. Quality assessment used the Cochrane Collaboration's tool, employing a random-effects model in statistical analysis with Stata software version 1. RESULTS A search yielded 1,251 articles, which were narrowed down to 5 through screening. These studies, involving 158 participants across Canada, India, Spain, and Russia, focused on probiotic interventions in cirrhotic patients. Meta-analysis of two RCTs (66 participants) indicated a significant decrease in hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) (SMD: -0.60 [-1.09, -0.12]). In single-arm analysis, four studies (58 participants) showed a substantial reduction in HVPG with probiotic use compared to the control (SMD: -2.55 [-3.42, -1.68]). CONCLUSION In summary, it showcased a notable reduction in HVPG compared to the control group, indicating a potential advantage of probiotics in decreasing pH in cirrhotic patients. Further research with larger samples and robust designs is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Chang
- Department of Minimally invasive intervention, Shandong Provincial Third Hospital, Shandong University, No.11 Wuyingshan Middle Road, Tianqiao District, Jinan, Shandong 250031, PR China.
| | - Jie Sun
- Department of Gastrointestinal surgery, Shandong Provincial Third Hospital, Shandong University, No.11 Wuyingshan Middle Road, Tianqiao District, Jinan, Shandong 250031, PR China
| | - Jianhua Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Third Hospital, Shandong University, No.11 Wuyingshan Middle Road, Tianqiao District, Jinan, Shandong 250031, PR China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Hepatic, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, PR China
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Schöler D, Schnabl B. The role of the microbiome in liver disease. Curr Opin Gastroenterol 2024; 40:134-142. [PMID: 38362864 PMCID: PMC10990783 DOI: 10.1097/mog.0000000000001013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The intestinal microbiome and the gut-liver axis play a major role in health and disease. The human gut harbors trillions of microbes and a disruption of the gut homeostasis can contribute to liver disease. In this review, the progress in the field within the last 3 years is summarized, focusing on metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD), autoimmune liver disease (AILD), and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). RECENT FINDINGS Changes in the fecal virome and fungal mycobiome have been described in patients with various liver diseases. Several microbial derived metabolites including endogenous ethanol produced by bacteria, have been mechanistically linked to liver disease such as MASLD. Virulence factors encoded by gut bacteria contribute to ALD, AILD and HCC. Novel therapeutic approaches focused on the microbiome including phages, pre- and postbiotics have been successfully used in preclinical models. Fecal microbiota transplantation has been effective in attenuating liver disease. Probiotics are safe in patients with alcohol-associated hepatitis and improve liver disease and alcohol addiction. SUMMARY The gut-liver axis plays a key role in the pathophysiology of liver diseases. Understanding the microbiota in liver disease can help to develop precise microbiota centered therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Schöler
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego
| | - Bernd Schnabl
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego
- Department of Medicine, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA
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6
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Efremova I, Maslennikov R, Poluektova E, Medvedev O, Kudryavtseva A, Krasnov G, Fedorova M, Romanikhin F, Bakhitov V, Aliev S, Sedova N, Kuropatkina T, Ivanova A, Zharkova M, Pervushova E, Ivashkin V. Gut Microbiota and Biomarkers of Endothelial Dysfunction in Cirrhosis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1988. [PMID: 38396668 PMCID: PMC10888218 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25041988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Our aim was to study the association of endothelial dysfunction biomarkers with cirrhosis manifestations, bacterial translocation, and gut microbiota taxa. The fecal microbiome was assessed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Plasma levels of nitrite, big endothelin-1, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), presepsin, and claudin were measured as biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction, bacterial translocation, and intestinal barrier dysfunction. An echocardiography with simultaneous determination of blood pressure and heart rate was performed to evaluate hemodynamic parameters. Presepsin, claudin 3, nitrite, and ADMA levels were higher in cirrhosis patients than in controls. Elevated nitrite levels were associated with high levels of presepsin and claudin 3, the development of hemodynamic circulation, hypoalbuminemia, grade 2-3 ascites, overt hepatic encephalopathy, high mean pulmonary artery pressure, increased abundance of Proteobacteria and Erysipelatoclostridium, and decreased abundance of Oscillospiraceae, Subdoligranulum, Rikenellaceae, Acidaminococcaceae, Christensenellaceae, and Anaerovoracaceae. Elevated ADMA levels were associated with higher Child-Pugh scores, lower serum sodium levels, hypoalbuminemia, grade 2-3 ascites, milder esophageal varices, overt hepatic encephalopathy, lower mean pulmonary artery pressure, and low abundance of Erysipelotrichia and Erysipelatoclostridiaceae. High big endothelin-1 levels were associated with high levels of presepsin and sodium, low levels of fibrinogen and cholesterol, hypocoagulation, increased Bilophila and Coprobacillus abundances, and decreased Alloprevotella abundance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Efremova
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, Pogodinskaya Str. 1-1, 119435 Moscow, Russia; (I.E.); (E.P.)
| | - Roman Maslennikov
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, Pogodinskaya Str. 1-1, 119435 Moscow, Russia; (I.E.); (E.P.)
- Scientific Community for the Promotion of the Clinical Study of the Human Microbiome, Pogodinskaya Str. 1-1, 119435 Moscow, Russia
- Consultative and Diagnostic Center 2 of the Moscow Health Department, Millionnaya Str. 6, 107564 Moscow, Russia (N.S.)
| | - Elena Poluektova
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, Pogodinskaya Str. 1-1, 119435 Moscow, Russia; (I.E.); (E.P.)
- Scientific Community for the Promotion of the Clinical Study of the Human Microbiome, Pogodinskaya Str. 1-1, 119435 Moscow, Russia
| | - Oleg Medvedev
- Pharmacology Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gori 1, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (O.M.)
| | - Anna Kudryavtseva
- Post-Genomic Research Laboratory, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova Str. 32, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - George Krasnov
- Post-Genomic Research Laboratory, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova Str. 32, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria Fedorova
- Post-Genomic Research Laboratory, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova Str. 32, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Filipp Romanikhin
- Pharmacology Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gori 1, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (O.M.)
| | - Vyacheslav Bakhitov
- Consultative and Diagnostic Center 2 of the Moscow Health Department, Millionnaya Str. 6, 107564 Moscow, Russia (N.S.)
| | - Salekh Aliev
- Consultative and Diagnostic Center 2 of the Moscow Health Department, Millionnaya Str. 6, 107564 Moscow, Russia (N.S.)
- First Hospital Surgery Department, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovityanova Str. 1-7, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia Sedova
- Consultative and Diagnostic Center 2 of the Moscow Health Department, Millionnaya Str. 6, 107564 Moscow, Russia (N.S.)
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, FGBOU DPO “Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation”, Barricadnaya Str. 2/1-2, 125993 Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana Kuropatkina
- Pharmacology Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gori 1, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (O.M.)
| | - Anastasia Ivanova
- Pharmacology Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gori 1, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (O.M.)
| | - Maria Zharkova
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, Pogodinskaya Str. 1-1, 119435 Moscow, Russia; (I.E.); (E.P.)
| | - Ekaterina Pervushova
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, Pogodinskaya Str. 1-1, 119435 Moscow, Russia; (I.E.); (E.P.)
| | - Vladimir Ivashkin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, Pogodinskaya Str. 1-1, 119435 Moscow, Russia; (I.E.); (E.P.)
- Scientific Community for the Promotion of the Clinical Study of the Human Microbiome, Pogodinskaya Str. 1-1, 119435 Moscow, Russia
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Maslennikov R, Poluektova E, Zolnikova O, Sedova A, Kurbatova A, Shulpekova Y, Dzhakhaya N, Kardasheva S, Nadinskaia M, Bueverova E, Nechaev V, Karchevskaya A, Ivashkin V. Gut Microbiota and Bacterial Translocation in the Pathogenesis of Liver Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16502. [PMID: 38003692 PMCID: PMC10671141 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cirrhosis is the end result of liver fibrosis in chronic liver diseases. Studying the mechanisms of its development and developing measures to slow down and regress it based on this knowledge seem to be important tasks for medicine. Currently, disorders of the gut-liver axis have great importance in the pathogenesis of cirrhosis. However, gut dysbiosis, which manifests as increased proportions in the gut microbiota of Bacilli and Proteobacteria that are capable of bacterial translocation and a decreased proportion of Clostridia that strengthen the intestinal barrier, occurs even at the pre-cirrhotic stage of chronic liver disease. This leads to the development of bacterial translocation, a process by which those microbes enter the blood of the portal vein and then the liver tissue, where they activate Kupffer cells through Toll-like receptor 4. In response, the Kupffer cells produce profibrogenic cytokines, which activate hepatic stellate cells, stimulating their transformation into myofibroblasts that produce collagen and other elements of the extracellular matrix. Blocking bacterial translocation with antibiotics, probiotics, synbiotics, and other methods could slow down the progression of liver fibrosis. This was shown in a number of animal models but requires further verification in long-term randomized controlled trials with humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Maslennikov
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, 119048 Moscow, Russia (A.S.); (N.D.); (M.N.); (E.B.)
- The Interregional Public Organization “Scientific Community for the Promotion of the Clinical Study of the Human Microbiome”, 119048 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena Poluektova
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, 119048 Moscow, Russia (A.S.); (N.D.); (M.N.); (E.B.)
- The Interregional Public Organization “Scientific Community for the Promotion of the Clinical Study of the Human Microbiome”, 119048 Moscow, Russia
| | - Oxana Zolnikova
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, 119048 Moscow, Russia (A.S.); (N.D.); (M.N.); (E.B.)
| | - Alla Sedova
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, 119048 Moscow, Russia (A.S.); (N.D.); (M.N.); (E.B.)
| | - Anastasia Kurbatova
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, 119048 Moscow, Russia (A.S.); (N.D.); (M.N.); (E.B.)
| | - Yulia Shulpekova
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, 119048 Moscow, Russia (A.S.); (N.D.); (M.N.); (E.B.)
| | - Natyia Dzhakhaya
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, 119048 Moscow, Russia (A.S.); (N.D.); (M.N.); (E.B.)
| | - Svetlana Kardasheva
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, 119048 Moscow, Russia (A.S.); (N.D.); (M.N.); (E.B.)
| | - Maria Nadinskaia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, 119048 Moscow, Russia (A.S.); (N.D.); (M.N.); (E.B.)
| | - Elena Bueverova
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, 119048 Moscow, Russia (A.S.); (N.D.); (M.N.); (E.B.)
| | - Vladimir Nechaev
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, 119048 Moscow, Russia (A.S.); (N.D.); (M.N.); (E.B.)
| | - Anna Karchevskaya
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, 119048 Moscow, Russia (A.S.); (N.D.); (M.N.); (E.B.)
| | - Vladimir Ivashkin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, 119048 Moscow, Russia (A.S.); (N.D.); (M.N.); (E.B.)
- The Interregional Public Organization “Scientific Community for the Promotion of the Clinical Study of the Human Microbiome”, 119048 Moscow, Russia
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8
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Hsu CL, Schnabl B. The gut-liver axis and gut microbiota in health and liver disease. Nat Rev Microbiol 2023; 21:719-733. [PMID: 37316582 PMCID: PMC10794111 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-023-00904-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 73.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The trillions of microorganisms in the human intestine are important regulators of health, and disruptions in the gut microbial communities can cause disease. The gut, liver and immune system have a symbiotic relationship with these microorganisms. Environmental factors, such as high-fat diets and alcohol consumption, can disrupt and alter microbial communities. This dysbiosis can lead to dysfunction of the intestinal barrier, translocation of microbial components to the liver and development or progression of liver disease. Changes in metabolites produced by gut microorganisms can also contribute to liver disease. In this Review, we discuss the importance of the gut microbiota in maintenance of health and the alterations in microbial mediators that contribute to liver disease. We present strategies for modulation of the intestinal microbiota and/or their metabolites as potential treatments for liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia L Hsu
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Bernd Schnabl
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA.
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9
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Gok Yavuz B, Datar S, Chamseddine S, Mohamed YI, LaPelusa M, Lee SS, Hu ZI, Koay EJ, Tran Cao HS, Jalal PK, Daniel-MacDougall C, Hassan M, Duda DG, Amin HM, Kaseb AO. The Gut Microbiome as a Biomarker and Therapeutic Target in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4875. [PMID: 37835569 PMCID: PMC10571776 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15194875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The microbiome is pivotal in maintaining health and influencing disease by modulating essential inflammatory and immune responses. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), ranking as the third most common cause of cancer-related fatalities globally, is influenced by the gut microbiome through bidirectional interactions between the gut and liver, as evidenced in both mouse models and human studies. Consequently, biomarkers based on gut microbiota represent promising non-invasive tools for the early detection of HCC. There is a growing body of evidence suggesting that the composition of the gut microbiota may play a role in the efficacy of immunotherapy in different types of cancer; thus, it could be used as a predictive biomarker. In this review, we will dissect the gut microbiome's role as a potential predictive and diagnostic marker in HCC and evaluate the latest progress in leveraging the gut microbiome as a novel therapeutic avenue for HCC patients, with a special emphasis on immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betul Gok Yavuz
- Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, St. Louis, MO 63121, USA;
| | - Saumil Datar
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Shadi Chamseddine
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (S.C.); (Y.I.M.); (S.S.L.); (Z.I.H.)
| | - Yehia I. Mohamed
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (S.C.); (Y.I.M.); (S.S.L.); (Z.I.H.)
| | - Michael LaPelusa
- Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Sunyoung S. Lee
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (S.C.); (Y.I.M.); (S.S.L.); (Z.I.H.)
| | - Zishuo Ian Hu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (S.C.); (Y.I.M.); (S.S.L.); (Z.I.H.)
| | - Eugene J. Koay
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Hop S. Tran Cao
- Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Section, Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Prasun Kumar Jalal
- Division of Gastroenterology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Carrie Daniel-MacDougall
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (C.D.-M.); (M.H.)
| | - Manal Hassan
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (C.D.-M.); (M.H.)
| | - Dan G. Duda
- Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA;
| | - Hesham M. Amin
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Ahmed O. Kaseb
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (S.C.); (Y.I.M.); (S.S.L.); (Z.I.H.)
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10
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Magdy Wasfy R, Mbaye B, Borentain P, Tidjani Alou M, Murillo Ruiz ML, Caputo A, Andrieu C, Armstrong N, Million M, Gerolami R. Ethanol-Producing Enterocloster bolteae Is Enriched in Chronic Hepatitis B-Associated Gut Dysbiosis: A Case-Control Culturomics Study. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2437. [PMID: 37894093 PMCID: PMC10608849 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a global health epidemic that causes fatal complications, leading to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The link between HBV-related dysbiosis and specific bacterial taxa is still under investigation. Enterocloster is emerging as a new genus (formerly Clostridium), including Enterocloster bolteae, a gut pathogen previously associated with dysbiosis and human diseases such as autism, multiple sclerosis, and inflammatory bowel diseases. Its role in liver diseases, especially HBV infection, is not reported. METHODS The fecal samples of eight patients with chronic HBV infection and ten healthy individuals were analyzed using the high-throughput culturomics approach and compared to 16S rRNA sequencing. Quantification of ethanol, known for its damaging effect on the liver, produced from bacterial strains enriched in chronic HBV was carried out by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. RESULTS Using culturomics, 29,120 isolated colonies were analyzed by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF); 340 species were identified (240 species in chronic HBV samples, 254 species in control samples) belonging to 169 genera and 6 phyla. In the chronic HBV group, 65 species were already known in the literature; 48 were associated with humans but had not been previously found in the gut, and 17 had never been associated with humans previously. Six species were newly isolated in our study. By comparing bacterial species frequency, three bacterial genera were serendipitously found with significantly enriched bacterial diversity in patients with chronic HBV: Enterocloster, Clostridium, and Streptococcus (p = 0.0016, p = 0.041, p = 0.053, respectively). However, metagenomics could not identify this enrichment, possibly concerning its insufficient taxonomical resolution (equivocal assignment of operational taxonomic units). At the species level, the significantly enriched species in the chronic HBV group almost all belonged to class Clostridia, such as Clostridium perfringens, Clostridium sporogenes, Enterocloster aldenensis, Enterocloster bolteae, Enterocloster clostridioformis, and Clostridium innocuum. Two E. bolteae strains, isolated from two patients with chronic HBV infection, showed high ethanol production (27 and 200 mM). CONCLUSIONS Culturomics allowed us to identify Enterocloster species, specifically, E. bolteae, enriched in the gut microbiota of patients with chronic HBV. These species had never been isolated in chronic HBV infection before. Moreover, ethanol production by E. bolteae strains isolated from the chronic HBV group could contribute to liver disease progression. Additionally, culturomics might be critical for better elucidating the relationship between dysbiosis and chronic HBV infection in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reham Magdy Wasfy
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France (M.T.A.); (C.A.)
- MEPHI, IRD, Aix-Marseille Université, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Babacar Mbaye
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France (M.T.A.); (C.A.)
- MEPHI, IRD, Aix-Marseille Université, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Patrick Borentain
- Unité Hépatologie, Hôpital de la Timone, APHM, 13005 Marseille, France;
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Maryam Tidjani Alou
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France (M.T.A.); (C.A.)
- MEPHI, IRD, Aix-Marseille Université, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Maria Leticia Murillo Ruiz
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France (M.T.A.); (C.A.)
- MEPHI, IRD, Aix-Marseille Université, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Aurelia Caputo
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France (M.T.A.); (C.A.)
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Claudia Andrieu
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France (M.T.A.); (C.A.)
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Nicholas Armstrong
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France (M.T.A.); (C.A.)
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Matthieu Million
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France (M.T.A.); (C.A.)
- MEPHI, IRD, Aix-Marseille Université, 13005 Marseille, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Rene Gerolami
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France (M.T.A.); (C.A.)
- MEPHI, IRD, Aix-Marseille Université, 13005 Marseille, France
- Unité Hépatologie, Hôpital de la Timone, APHM, 13005 Marseille, France;
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), 13005 Marseille, France
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11
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Efremova I, Maslennikov R, Poluektova E, Zharkova M, Kudryavtseva A, Krasnov G, Fedorova M, Shirokova E, Kozlov E, Levshina A, Ivashkin V. Gut Dysbiosis and Hemodynamic Changes as Links of the Pathogenesis of Complications of Cirrhosis. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2202. [PMID: 37764046 PMCID: PMC10537778 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11092202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim was to evaluate the relationship between gut dysbiosis and hemodynamic changes (hyperdynamic circulation) in cirrhosis, and between hemodynamic changes and complications of this disease. This study included 47 patients with cirrhosis. Stool microbiome was assessed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Echocardiography with a simultaneous assessment of blood pressure and heart rate was performed to assess systemic hemodynamics. Patients with hyperdynamic circulation had more severe cirrhosis, lower albumin, sodium and prothrombin levels, higher C-reactive protein, aspartate aminotransferase and total bilirubin levels, and higher incidences of portopulmonary hypertension, ascites, overt hepatic encephalopathy, hypoalbuminemia, hypoprothrombinemia, systemic inflammation, and severe hyperbilirubinemia than patients with normodynamic circulation. Patients with hyperdynamic circulation compared with those with normodynamic circulation had increased abundance of Proteobacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, Bacilli, Streptococcaceae, Lactobacillaceae, Fusobacteria, Micrococcaceae, Intestinobacter, Clostridium sensu stricto, Proteus and Rumicoccus, and decreased abundance of Bacteroidetes, Bacteroidaceae, Holdemanella, and Butyrivibrio. The systemic vascular resistance and cardiac output values correlated with the abundance of Proteobacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, Bacilli, Streptococcaceae, Lactobacillaceae, Micrococcaceae, and Fusobacteria. Heart rate and cardiac output value were negatively correlated with the abundance of Bacteroidetes. The mean pulmonary artery pressure value was positively correlated with the abundance of Proteobacteria and Micrococcaceae, and negatively with the abundance of Holdemanella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Efremova
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia (E.P.); (M.Z.); (A.L.); (V.I.)
| | - Roman Maslennikov
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia (E.P.); (M.Z.); (A.L.); (V.I.)
- The Interregional Public Organization “Scientific Community for the Promotion of the Clinical Study of the Human Microbiome”, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Consultative and Diagnostic Center No. 2, Moscow Health Department, 107564 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena Poluektova
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia (E.P.); (M.Z.); (A.L.); (V.I.)
- The Interregional Public Organization “Scientific Community for the Promotion of the Clinical Study of the Human Microbiome”, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria Zharkova
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia (E.P.); (M.Z.); (A.L.); (V.I.)
| | - Anna Kudryavtseva
- Post-Genomic Research Laboratory, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia (G.K.); (M.F.)
| | - George Krasnov
- Post-Genomic Research Laboratory, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia (G.K.); (M.F.)
| | - Maria Fedorova
- Post-Genomic Research Laboratory, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia (G.K.); (M.F.)
| | - Elena Shirokova
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia (E.P.); (M.Z.); (A.L.); (V.I.)
| | - Evgenii Kozlov
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Anna Levshina
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia (E.P.); (M.Z.); (A.L.); (V.I.)
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Vladimir Ivashkin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia (E.P.); (M.Z.); (A.L.); (V.I.)
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12
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Trivedi Y, Bolgarina Z, Desai HN, Senaratne M, Swami SS, Aye SL, Mohammed L. The Role of Gut Microbiome in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Systematic Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e43862. [PMID: 37614827 PMCID: PMC10442465 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.43862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiome dysbiosis is common in patients with chronic liver diseases such as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and plays an essential role in developing, diagnosing, and treating HCC. The purpose of this systematic review, which was carried out following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analyses 2020 guidelines, is to determine the role of the gut microbiome in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of HCC. We collected and reviewed articles, including clinical trials, literature reviews, case-control studies, cross-sectional studies, cohort studies, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses, published between May 30, 2013, and May 30, 2023. The databases used to collect these articles included PubMed, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect. After applying appropriate filters, a total of 2,969 studies were identified. They were further screened and subjected to quality assessment tools which finally yielded 17 studies included in this systematic review. This systematic review provides information regarding the gut-liver axis and the relationship between gut microbiome dysbiosis and HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yash Trivedi
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Zoryana Bolgarina
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Heet N Desai
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Mithum Senaratne
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Shivling S Swami
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Soe Lwin Aye
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Lubna Mohammed
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
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13
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Maslennikov R, Alieva A, Poluektova E, Zharikov Y, Suslov A, Letyagina Y, Vasileva E, Levshina A, Kozlov E, Ivashkin V. Sarcopenia in cirrhosis: Prospects for therapy targeted to gut microbiota. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29:4236-4251. [PMID: 37545638 PMCID: PMC10401661 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i27.4236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Decreased muscle mass and function, also known as sarcopenia, is common in patients with cirrhosis and is associated with a poor prognosis. Although the pathogenesis of this disorder has not been fully elucidated, a disordered gut-muscle axis probably plays an important role. Decreased barrier function of the gut and liver, gut dysbiosis, and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) can lead to increased blood levels of ammonia, lipopolysaccharides, pro-inflammatory mediators, and myostatin. These factors have complex negative effects on muscle mass and function. Drug interventions that target the gut microbiota (long-term use of rifaximin, lactulose, lactitol, or probiotics) positively affect most links of the compromised gut-muscle axis in patients with cirrhosis by decreasing the levels of hyperammonemia, bacterial translocation, and systemic inflammation and correcting gut dysbiosis and SIBO. However, although these drugs are promising, they have not yet been investigated in randomized controlled trials specifically for the treatment and prevention of sarcopenia in patients with cirrhosis. No data exist on the effects of fecal transplantation on most links of gut-muscle axis in cirrhosis; however, the results of animal experimental studies are promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Maslennikov
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, Moscow 119435, Russia
- The Scientific Community for Human Microbiome Research, Moscow 119435, Russia
| | - Aliya Alieva
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, Moscow 119435, Russia
| | - Elena Poluektova
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, Moscow 119435, Russia
- The Scientific Community for Human Microbiome Research, Moscow 119435, Russia
| | - Yury Zharikov
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology, Sechenov University, Moscow 119435, Russia
| | - Andrey Suslov
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology, Sechenov University, Moscow 119435, Russia
| | - Yana Letyagina
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology, Sechenov University, Moscow 119435, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Vasileva
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, Moscow 119435, Russia
| | - Anna Levshina
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, Moscow 119435, Russia
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Sechenov University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Evgenii Kozlov
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Sechenov University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Vladimir Ivashkin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, Moscow 119435, Russia
- The Scientific Community for Human Microbiome Research, Moscow 119435, Russia
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14
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Rodríguez-Lara A, Rueda-Robles A, Sáez-Lara MJ, Plaza-Diaz J, Álvarez-Mercado AI. From Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease to Liver Cancer: Microbiota and Inflammation as Key Players. Pathogens 2023; 12:940. [PMID: 37513787 PMCID: PMC10385788 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12070940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
It is estimated that 25% of the world's population has non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. This disease can advance to a more severe form, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), a disease with a greater probability of progression to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). NASH could be characterized as a necro-inflammatory complication of chronic hepatic steatosis. The combination of factors that lead to NASH and its progression to HCC in the setting of inflammation is not clearly understood. The portal vein is the main route of communication between the intestine and the liver. This allows the transfer of products derived from the intestine to the liver and the hepatic response pathway of bile and antibody secretion to the intestine. The intestinal microbiota performs a fundamental role in the regulation of immune function, but it can undergo changes that alter its functionality. These changes can also contribute to cancer by disrupting the immune system and causing chronic inflammation and immune dysfunction, both of which are implicated in cancer development. In this article, we address the link between inflammation, microbiota and HCC. We also review the different in vitro models, as well as recent clinical trials addressing liver cancer and microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avilene Rodríguez-Lara
- Center of Biomedical Research, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n., Armilla, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Ascensión Rueda-Robles
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada,18071 Granada, Spain
| | - María José Sáez-Lara
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, School of Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Julio Plaza-Diaz
- Children's Hospital Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, 18014 Granada, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Ana I Álvarez-Mercado
- Center of Biomedical Research, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n., Armilla, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, 18014 Granada, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
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15
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Zhu Y, Mei Y, Baby N, Teo HY, Binte Hanafi Z, Mohd Salleh SN, Sajikumar S, Liu H. Tumor-mediated microbiota alteration impairs synaptic tagging/capture in the hippocampal CA1 area via IL-1β production. Commun Biol 2023; 6:685. [PMID: 37400621 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05036-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer patients often experience impairments in cognitive function. However, the evidence for tumor-mediated neurological impairment and detailed mechanisms are still lacking. Gut microbiota has been demonstrated to be involved in the immune system homeostasis and brain functions. Here we find that hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) growth alters the gut microbiota and impedes the cognitive functions. The synaptic tagging and capture (STC), an associative cellular mechanism for the formation of associative memory, is impaired in the tumor-bearing mice. STC expression is rescued after microbiota sterilization. Transplantation of microbiota from HCC tumor-bearing mice induces similar STC impairment in wide type mice. Mechanistic study reveals that HCC growth significantly elevates the serum and hippocampus IL-1β levels. IL-1β depletion in the HCC tumor-bearing mice restores the STC. Taken together, these results demonstrate that gut microbiota plays a crucial role in mediating the tumor-induced impairment of the cognitive function via upregulating IL-1β production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhu
- Immunology Translational Research Programme, Department of Microbiology of Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117456, Singapore
| | - Yu Mei
- Immunology Translational Research Programme, Department of Microbiology of Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117456, Singapore
| | - Nimmi Baby
- Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Huey Yee Teo
- Immunology Translational Research Programme, Department of Microbiology of Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117456, Singapore
| | - Zuhairah Binte Hanafi
- Immunology Translational Research Programme, Department of Microbiology of Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117456, Singapore
| | - Siti Nazihah Mohd Salleh
- Human Monoclonal Antibody Platform, Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Sreedharan Sajikumar
- Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore.
- Life Sciences Institute Neurobiology Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117456, Singapore.
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117456, Singapore.
| | - Haiyan Liu
- Immunology Translational Research Programme, Department of Microbiology of Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117456, Singapore.
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16
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Lee YT, Fujiwara N, Yang JD, Hoshida Y. Risk stratification and early detection biomarkers for precision HCC screening. Hepatology 2023; 78:319-362. [PMID: 36082510 PMCID: PMC9995677 DOI: 10.1002/hep.32779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) mortality remains high primarily due to late diagnosis as a consequence of failed early detection. Professional societies recommend semi-annual HCC screening in at-risk patients with chronic liver disease to increase the likelihood of curative treatment receipt and improve survival. However, recent dynamic shift of HCC etiologies from viral to metabolic liver diseases has significantly increased the potential target population for the screening, whereas annual incidence rate has become substantially lower. Thus, with the contemporary HCC etiologies, the traditional screening approach might not be practical and cost-effective. HCC screening consists of (i) definition of rational at-risk population, and subsequent (ii) repeated application of early detection tests to the population at regular intervals. The suboptimal performance of the currently available HCC screening tests highlights an urgent need for new modalities and strategies to improve early HCC detection. In this review, we overview recent developments of clinical, molecular, and imaging-based tools to address the current challenge, and discuss conceptual framework and approaches of their clinical translation and implementation. These encouraging progresses are expected to transform the current "one-size-fits-all" HCC screening into individualized precision approaches to early HCC detection and ultimately improve the poor HCC prognosis in the foreseeable future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Te Lee
- California NanoSystems Institute, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Naoto Fujiwara
- Liver Tumor Translational Research Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Ju Dong Yang
- Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California; Comprehensive Transplant Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Yujin Hoshida
- Liver Tumor Translational Research Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
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Yang X, Mai H, Zhou J, Li Z, Wang Q, Lan L, Lu F, Yang X, Guo B, Ye L, Cui P, Liang H, Huang J. Alterations of the gut microbiota associated with the occurrence and progression of viral hepatitis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1119875. [PMID: 37342245 PMCID: PMC10277638 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1119875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Gut microbiota is the largest population of microorganisms and is closely related to health. Many studies have explored changes in gut microbiota in viral hepatitis. However, the correlation between gut microbiota and the occurrence and progression of viral hepatitis has not been fully clarified. Methods PubMed and BioProject databases were searched for studies about viral hepatitis disease and 16S rRNA gene sequencing of gut microbiota up to January 2023. With bioinformatics analyses, we explored changes in microbial diversity of viral hepatitis, screened out crucial bacteria and microbial functions related to viral hepatitis, and identified the potential microbial markers for predicting risks for the occurrence and progression of viral hepatitis based on ROC analysis. Results Of the 1389 records identified, 13 studies met the inclusion criteria, with 950 individuals including 656 patient samples (HBV, n = 546; HCV, n = 86; HEV, n = 24) and 294 healthy controls. Gut microbial diversity is significantly decreased as the infection and progression of viral hepatitis. Alpha diversity and microbiota including Butyricimonas, Escherichia-Shigella, Lactobacillus, and Veillonella were identified as the potential microbial markers for predicting the risk of development of viral hepatitis (AUC>0.7). Microbial functions including tryptophan metabolism, fatty acid biosynthesis, lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis, and lipid metabolism related to the microbial community increased significantly as the development of viral hepatitis. Conclusions This study demonstrated comprehensively the gut microbiota characteristics in viral hepatitis, screened out crucial microbial functions related to viral hepatitis, and identified the potential microbial markers for predicting the risk of viral hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Yang
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Disease, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Huanzhuo Mai
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Disease, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Disease, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhuoxin Li
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Disease, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Qing Wang
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Disease, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Liuyan Lan
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Disease, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Fang Lu
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Disease, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiping Yang
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Disease, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Baodong Guo
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Disease, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Li Ye
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Disease, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Ping Cui
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Disease, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Life Science Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Hao Liang
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Disease, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Life Science Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jiegang Huang
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Disease, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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Kouroumalis E, Tsomidis I, Voumvouraki A. Pathogenesis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: The Interplay of Apoptosis and Autophagy. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11041166. [PMID: 37189787 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11041166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a multifactorial process that has not yet been fully investigated. Autophagy and apoptosis are two important cellular pathways that are critical for cell survival or death. The balance between apoptosis and autophagy regulates liver cell turnover and maintains intracellular homeostasis. However, the balance is often dysregulated in many cancers, including HCC. Autophagy and apoptosis pathways may be either independent or parallel or one may influence the other. Autophagy may either inhibit or promote apoptosis, thus regulating the fate of the liver cancer cells. In this review, a concise overview of the pathogenesis of HCC is presented, with emphasis on new developments, including the role of endoplasmic reticulum stress, the implication of microRNAs and the role of gut microbiota. The characteristics of HCC associated with a specific liver disease are also described and a brief description of autophagy and apoptosis is provided. The role of autophagy and apoptosis in the initiation, progress and metastatic potential is reviewed and the experimental evidence indicating an interplay between the two is extensively analyzed. The role of ferroptosis, a recently described specific pathway of regulated cell death, is presented. Finally, the potential therapeutic implications of autophagy and apoptosis in drug resistance are examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Kouroumalis
- Department of Gastroenterology, PAGNI University Hospital, University of Crete School of Medicine, 71500 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Crete Medical School, 71500 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Ioannis Tsomidis
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Crete Medical School, 71500 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, 54621 Thessaloniki, Central Macedonia, Greece
| | - Argyro Voumvouraki
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, 54621 Thessaloniki, Central Macedonia, Greece
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19
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Efremova I, Maslennikov R, Alieva A, Poluektova E, Ivashkin V. Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth Is Associated with Poor Prognosis in Cirrhosis. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11041017. [PMID: 37110440 PMCID: PMC10143588 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11041017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) is associated with numerous manifestations of cirrhosis. To determine whether the presence of SIBO affects the prognosis in cirrhosis was the aim of the study. METHODS This prospective cohort study included 50 patients. All participants underwent a lactulose hydrogen breath test for SIBO. The follow-up period was 4 years. RESULTS SIBO was detected in 26 (52.0%) patients: in 10 (52.6%) patients with compensated cirrhosis and in 16 (51.6%) ones with decompensated cirrhosis. Twelve (46.2%) patients with SIBO and four (16.7%) patients without SIBO died within 4 years (p = 0.009). Among patients with decompensated cirrhosis, 8 (50.0%) patients with SIBO and 3 (20.0%) patients without SIBO died (p = 0.027). Among patients with compensated cirrhosis, four (40.0%) patients with SIBO and one (11.1%) patient without SIBO died (p = 0.045). Among patients with SIBO, there was no difference in mortality between patients with compensated and decompensated cirrhosis (p = 0.209). It was the same for patients without SIBO (p = 0.215). SIBO affects the prognosis only in the first year of follow-up in decompensated cirrhosis, and only in subsequent years in compensated cirrhosis. Presence of SIBO (p = 0.028; HR = 4.2(1.2-14.9)) and serum albumin level (p = 0.027) were significant independent risk factors for death in cirrhosis. CONCLUSIONS SIBO is associated with poor prognosis in cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Efremova
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, 119121 Moscow, Russia
| | - Roman Maslennikov
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, 119121 Moscow, Russia
- The Interregional Public Organization "Scientific Community for the Promotion of the Clinical Study of the Human Microbiome", 119121 Moscow, Russia
| | - Aliya Alieva
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, 119121 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena Poluektova
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, 119121 Moscow, Russia
- The Interregional Public Organization "Scientific Community for the Promotion of the Clinical Study of the Human Microbiome", 119121 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir Ivashkin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, 119121 Moscow, Russia
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20
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Shi R, Tao Y, Tang H, Wu C, Fei J, Ge H, Gu HF, Wu J. Abelmoschus Manihot ameliorates the levels of circulating metabolites in diabetic nephropathy by modulating gut microbiota in non-obese diabetes mice. Microb Biotechnol 2023; 16:813-826. [PMID: 36583468 PMCID: PMC10034626 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Huangkui capsule (HKC), a traditional Chinese medicine, has been used for medication of kidney diseases, including diabetic nephropathy (DN). The current study aimed to evaluate the effects of HKC in the modulation of gut microbiota and the amelioration of metabolite levels by using non-obese diabetes (NOD) mice with DN. The microbiota from three parts of intestines (duodenum, ileum and colon) in NOD mice with and without HKC treatment were analysed using 16S rDNA sequencing techniques. Untargeted metabolomics in plasma of NOD mice were analysed with liquid mass spectrometry. Results showed that HKC administration ameliorated DN in NOD mice and the flora in duodenum were more sensitive to HKC intervention, while the flora in colon had more effects on metabolism. The bacterial genera such as Faecalitalea and Muribaculum significantly increased and negatively correlated with most of the altered metabolites after HKC treatment, while Phyllobacterium, Weissella and Akkermansia showed an opposite trend. The plasma metabolites, mainly including amino acids and fatty acids such as methionine sulfoxide, BCAAs and cis-7-Hexadecenoic acid, exhibited a distinct return to normal after HKC treatment. The current study thereby provides experimental evidence suggesting that HKC may modulate gut microbiota and subsequently ameliorate the metabolite levels in DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiya Shi
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yingjun Tao
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haitao Tang
- Suzhong Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Nanjing, China
| | - Chenhua Wu
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingjin Fei
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haitao Ge
- Suzhong Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Nanjing, China
| | - Harvest F Gu
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Wu
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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21
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Gu NX, Guo YR, Lin SE, Wang YH, Lin IH, Chen YF, Yen Y. Frizzled 7 modulates goblet and Paneth cell fate, and maintains homeostasis in mouse intestine. Development 2023; 150:287020. [PMID: 36691900 PMCID: PMC10112897 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal homeostasis depends on interactions between the intestinal epithelium, the immune system and the microbiota. Because of these complicated connections, there are many problems that need to be solved. Current research has indicated that genes targeted by Wnt signaling are responsible for controlling intestinal stem cell fate and for modulating intestinal homeostasis. Our data show that loss of frizzled 7 (Fzd7), an important element in Wnt signaling, interrupts the differentiation of mouse intestinal stem cells into absorptive progenitors instead of secretory progenitors (precursors of goblet and Paneth cells). The alteration in canonical Wnt and Notch signaling pathways interrupts epithelial homeostasis, resulting in a decrease in physical protection in the intestine. Several phenotypes in our Fzd7-deleted model were similar to the features of enterocolitis, such as shortened intestines, decreased numbers of goblet cells and Paneth cells, and severe inflammation. Additionally, loss of Fzd7 exacerbated the defects in a chemical-induced colitis model and could initiate tumorigenesis. These findings may provide important information for the discovery of efficient therapeutic methods to treat enterocolitis and related cancers in the intestines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nai-Xin Gu
- The PhD Program for Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ru Guo
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Sey-En Lin
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, New Taipei Municipal Tucheng Hospital, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, New Taipei City 236017, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hsin Wang
- Graduate Institute of Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - I-Hsuan Lin
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Fan Chen
- The PhD Program for Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Master Program in Clinical Genomics and Proteomics, School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- International Ph.D. Program for Translational Science, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031 , Taiwan
| | - Yun Yen
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Cancer Center, Taipei Municipal WanFang Hospital, Taipei 116081 , Taiwan
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22
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Zheng X, Lu X, Hu Y. Distinct respiratory microbiota associates with lung cancer clinicopathological characteristics. Front Oncol 2023; 13:847182. [PMID: 36816941 PMCID: PMC9932187 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.847182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Commensal microbiota dysbiosis is associated with the development of lung cancer. The current studies about composition of respiratory microbiota in lung cancer patients yielded inconsistent results. This study aimed to examine the association between airway microbiota and lung cancer clinicopathological characteristics. Methods Surgically removed lesion tissues from 75 non-small cell lung cancer patients and 7 patients with benign pulmonary diseases were analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing. Taxonomy, relative abundance, and diversity of respiratory microbiota were compared among lung cancer of different pathology and TNM stages. The effects of antibiotic and cigarette exposure on respiratory microbiota in lung cancer patients were also evaluated. Results Bacterial relative abundance and alpha- and beta-diversity analysis of lung microbiota showed significant differences among lung cancer of different pathology and benign pulmonary diseases. At the genus level, the abundance differences of 13 taxa between lung squamous cell carcinoma and lung adenocarcinoma, 63 taxa between lung squamous cell carcinoma and benign pulmonary diseases, and 4 taxa between lung adenocarcinoma and benign pulmonary diseases reached statistical significance. In contrast, diversity differences were not as significant across lung cancer of different stages. No significant differences were observed in tissue taxonomic abundances and diversity at all taxonomic levels between lung cancer patients with and without antibiotic exposure 3 months prior to surgery. For lung adenocarcinoma, respiratory bacterial abundance and diversity at all taxonomic levels did not show significant differences between smokers and non-smokers. Conclusions Our results confirm significantly differential respiratory microbiome taxa, abundance, and diversity in lung cancer of different pathology and some stages. Short-term antibiotic application might play a minor role in molding airway microbiota in lung cancer patients. Composition and diversity of respiratory microbiota in lung adenocarcinoma are not affected by cigarette exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zheng
- Lung Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xingbing Lu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Hu
- Department of Thoracic surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,*Correspondence: Yang Hu,
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Campbell C, Kandalgaonkar MR, Golonka RM, Yeoh BS, Vijay-Kumar M, Saha P. Crosstalk between Gut Microbiota and Host Immunity: Impact on Inflammation and Immunotherapy. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020294. [PMID: 36830830 PMCID: PMC9953403 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbes and their metabolites are actively involved in the development and regulation of host immunity, which can influence disease susceptibility. Herein, we review the most recent research advancements in the gut microbiota-immune axis. We discuss in detail how the gut microbiota is a tipping point for neonatal immune development as indicated by newly uncovered phenomenon, such as maternal imprinting, in utero intestinal metabolome, and weaning reaction. We describe how the gut microbiota shapes both innate and adaptive immunity with emphasis on the metabolites short-chain fatty acids and secondary bile acids. We also comprehensively delineate how disruption in the microbiota-immune axis results in immune-mediated diseases, such as gastrointestinal infections, inflammatory bowel diseases, cardiometabolic disorders (e.g., cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and hypertension), autoimmunity (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis), hypersensitivity (e.g., asthma and allergies), psychological disorders (e.g., anxiety), and cancer (e.g., colorectal and hepatic). We further encompass the role of fecal microbiota transplantation, probiotics, prebiotics, and dietary polyphenols in reshaping the gut microbiota and their therapeutic potential. Continuing, we examine how the gut microbiota modulates immune therapies, including immune checkpoint inhibitors, JAK inhibitors, and anti-TNF therapies. We lastly mention the current challenges in metagenomics, germ-free models, and microbiota recapitulation to a achieve fundamental understanding for how gut microbiota regulates immunity. Altogether, this review proposes improving immunotherapy efficacy from the perspective of microbiome-targeted interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor Campbell
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Mrunmayee R. Kandalgaonkar
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Rachel M. Golonka
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Beng San Yeoh
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Matam Vijay-Kumar
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Piu Saha
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
- Correspondence:
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24
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Liu S, Yang X. Intestinal flora plays a role in the progression of hepatitis-cirrhosis-liver cancer. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1140126. [PMID: 36968098 PMCID: PMC10034054 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1140126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver is a vital metabolism and detoxification organ of human body, which is involved in the biotransformation and metabolism of the organism. Hepatitis - cirrhosis - liver cancer are significant and common part of liver diseases. The pathogenesis of liver diseases is generally as followed: inflammation and other pathogenic factors cause persistent damage to the liver, leading to the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and excessive deposition of extracellular matrix. Patients with chronic hepatitis have a high risk of developing into liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and even life-threatening liver cancer, which poses a great threat to public health.As the first organ to come into contact with blood from the gut, the liver is profoundly affected by the intestinal flora and its metabolites, with leaky gut and flora imbalance being the triggers of the liver's pathological response. So far, no one has reviewed the role of intestinal flora in this process from the perspective of the progression of hepatitis-cirrhosis-liver cancer and this article reviews the evidence supporting the effect of intestinal flora in the progression of liver disease.
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25
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Microbiome and Metabolomics in Liver Cancer: Scientific Technology. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010537. [PMID: 36613980 PMCID: PMC9820585 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary liver cancer is a heterogeneous disease. Liver cancer metabolism includes both the reprogramming of intracellular metabolism to enable cancer cells to proliferate inappropriately and adapt to the tumor microenvironment and fluctuations in regular tissue metabolism. Currently, metabolomics and metabolite profiling in liver cirrhosis, liver cancer, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have been in the spotlight in terms of cancer diagnosis, monitoring, and therapy. Metabolomics is the global analysis of small molecules, chemicals, and metabolites. Metabolomics technologies can provide critical information about the liver cancer state. Here, we review how liver cirrhosis, liver cancer, and HCC therapies interact with metabolism at the cellular and systemic levels. An overview of liver metabolomics is provided, with a focus on currently available technologies and how they have been used in clinical and translational research. We also list scalable methods, including chemometrics, followed by pathway processing in liver cancer. We conclude that important drivers of metabolomics science and scientific technologies are novel therapeutic tools and liver cancer biomarker analysis.
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26
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Huang J, Zhao C, Zhang X, Zhao Q, Zhang Y, Chen L, Dai G. Hepatitis B virus pathogenesis relevant immunosignals uncovering amino acids utilization related risk factors guide artificial intelligence-based precision medicine. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1079566. [PMID: 36569318 PMCID: PMC9780394 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1079566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Although immune microenvironment-related chemokines, extracellular matrix (ECM), and intrahepatic immune cells are reported to be highly involved in hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related diseases, their roles in diagnosis, prognosis, and drug sensitivity evaluation remain unclear. Here, we aimed to study their clinical use to provide a basis for precision medicine in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) via the amalgamation of artificial intelligence. Methods: High-throughput liver transcriptomes from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), NODE (https://www.bio.sino.org/node), the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), and our in-house hepatocellular carcinoma patients were collected in this study. Core immunosignals that participated in the entire diseases course of hepatitis B were explored using the "Gene set variation analysis" R package. Using ROC curve analysis, the impact of core immunosignals and amino acid utilization related gene on hepatocellular carcinoma patient's clinical outcome were calculated. The utility of core immunosignals as a classifier for hepatocellular carcinoma tumor tissue was evaluated using explainable machine-learning methods. A novel deep residual neural network model based on immunosignals was constructed for the long-term overall survival (LS) analysis. In vivo drug sensitivity was calculated by the "oncoPredict" R package. Results: We identified nine genes comprising chemokines and ECM related to hepatitis B virus-induced inflammation and fibrosis as CLST signals. Moreover, CLST was co-enriched with activated CD4+ T cells bearing harmful factors (aCD4) during all stages of hepatitis B virus pathogenesis, which was also verified by our hepatocellular carcinoma data. Unexpectedly, we found that hepatitis B virus-hepatocellular carcinoma patients in the CLSThighaCD4high subgroup had the shortest overall survival (OS) and were characterized by a risk gene signature associated with amino acids utilization. Importantly, characteristic genes specific to CLST/aCD4 showed promising clinical relevance in identifying patients with early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma via explainable machine learning. In addition, the 5-year long-term overall survival of hepatocellular carcinoma patients can be effectively classified by CLST/aCD4 based GeneSet-ResNet model. Subgroups defined by CLST and aCD4 were significantly involved in the sensitivity of hepatitis B virus-hepatocellular carcinoma patients to chemotherapy treatments. Conclusion: CLST and aCD4 are hepatitis B virus pathogenesis-relevant immunosignals that are highly involved in hepatitis B virus-induced inflammation, fibrosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Gene set variation analysis derived immunogenomic signatures enabled efficient diagnostic and prognostic model construction. The clinical application of CLST and aCD4 as indicators would be beneficial for the precision management of hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China,*Correspondence: Jun Huang, ; Liping Chen, ; Guifu Dai,
| | - Chunbei Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xinhe Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Qiaohui Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yanting Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Liping Chen
- Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China,Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Jun Huang, ; Liping Chen, ; Guifu Dai,
| | - Guifu Dai
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China,*Correspondence: Jun Huang, ; Liping Chen, ; Guifu Dai,
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Das BK. Altered gut microbiota in hepatocellular carcinoma: Insights into the pathogenic mechanism and preclinical to clinical findings. APMIS 2022; 130:719-740. [PMID: 36321381 DOI: 10.1111/apm.13282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide. It is usually the result of pre-existing liver damage caused by hepatitis B and/or C virus infection, alcohol consumption, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), aflatoxin exposure, liver cirrhosis, obesity, and diabetes. A growing body of evidence suggests that gut microbes have a role in cancer genesis. More research into the microbiome gut-liver axis has recently contributed to understanding how the gut microbiome facilitates liver disease or even HCC progression. This review focuses on the preclinical results of gut-related hepatocarcinogenesis and probiotics, prebiotics, and antibiotics as therapeutic interventions to maintain gut microbial flora and minimize HCC-associated symptoms. Understanding the mechanistic link between the gut microbiota, host, and cancer progression could aid us in elucidating the cancer-related pathways and drive us toward preventing HCC-associated gut microbiota dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhrigu Kumar Das
- Department of Pharmacology, Girijananda Chowdhury Institute of Pharmaceutical Science (Assam Science and Technology University), Guwahati, Assam, India
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Wang Q, Wang D, Zuo Z, Ye B, Dong Z, Zou J. Effects of Dietary Koumine on Growth Performance, Intestinal Morphology, Microbiota, and Intestinal Transcriptional Responses of Cyprinus carpio. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911860. [PMID: 36233179 PMCID: PMC9570066 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gelsemium elegans Benth. (GEB) is a traditional medicinal plant in China, and acts as a growth promoter in pigs and goats. Koumine (KM) is the most abundant alkaloid in GEB and produces analgesic, anti-cancer, and immunomodulatory effects. KM can be used as an aquatic immune stimulant, but its growth-promoting effects and transcriptional mechanisms have not been investigated. Diets containing KM at 0, 0.2, 2, and 20 mg/kg were fed to Cyprinus carpio for 71 days to investigate its effects on growth performance, intestinal morphology, microflora, biochemical indicators, and transcriptional mechanisms. Cyprinus carpio fed with KM as the growth promoter, and the number of intestinal crypts and intestinal microbial populations were influenced by KM concentration. KM increased the abundance of colonies of Afipia, Phyllobacterium, Mesorhizobium, and Labrys, which were associated with compound decomposition and proliferation, and decreased the abundance of colonies of pathogenic bacteria Methylobacterium-Methylorubrum. A total of 376 differentially-expressed genes (DEGs) among the four experimental groups were enriched for transforming growth factor-β1 and small mother against decapentaplegic (TGF-β1/Smad), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and janus kinases and signal transducers and activators of transcription (Jak/Stat) signaling pathways. In particular, tgfbr1, acvr1l, rreb-1, stat5b, smad4, cbp, and c-fos were up-regulated and positively correlated with KM dose. KM had a growth-promoting effect that was related to cell proliferation driven by the TGF-β1/Smad, MAPK, and Jak/Stat signaling pathways. KM at 0.2 mg/kg optimized the growth performance of C. carpio, while higher concentrations of KM (2 and 20 mg/kg) may induce apoptosis without significantly damaging the fish intestinal structure. Therefore, KM at low concentration has great potential for development as an aquatic growth promotion additive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiujie Wang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Dongjie Wang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhiheng Zuo
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Bin Ye
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zaijie Dong
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
- Correspondence: (Z.D.); (J.Z.); Tel.: +86-0510-85551424 (Z.D.); +86-020-87571321 (J.Z.)
| | - Jixing Zou
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: (Z.D.); (J.Z.); Tel.: +86-0510-85551424 (Z.D.); +86-020-87571321 (J.Z.)
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Maslennikov R, Efremova I, Ivashkin V, Zharkova M, Poluektova E, Shirokova E, Ivashkin K. Effect of probiotics on hemodynamic changes and complications associated with cirrhosis: A pilot randomized controlled trial. World J Hepatol 2022; 14:1667-1677. [PMID: 36157871 PMCID: PMC9453455 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v14.i8.1667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bacterial translocation exacerbates the hyperdynamic circulation observed in cirrhosis and contributes to a more severe disease course. Probiotics may reduce bacterial translocation and may therefore be useful to redress the circulatory imbalance.
AIM To investigate the effect of probiotics on hemodynamic parameters, systemic inflammation, and complications of cirrhosis in this randomized placebo-controlled trial.
METHODS This single-blind randomized placebo-controlled study included 40 patients with Child-Pugh class B and C cirrhosis; 24 patients received probiotics (Saccharomyces boulardii) for 3 mo, and 16 patients received a placebo over the same period. Liver function and the systemic hemodynamic status were evaluated pre- and post-intervention. Echocardiography and simultaneous blood pressure and heart rate monitoring were performed to evaluate systemic hemodynamic indicators. Cardiac output and systemic vascular resistance were calculated.
RESULTS Following a 3-mo course of probiotics in comparison to the control group, we observed amelioration of hyperdynamic circulation [a decrease in cardiac output (P = 0.026) and an increase in systemic vascular resistance (P = 0.026)] and systemic inflammation [a decrease in serum C-reactive protein levels (P = 0.044)], with improved liver function [an increase in serum albumin (P = 0.001) and a decrease in the value of Child-Pugh score (P = 0.001)] as well as a reduction in the severity of ascites (P = 0.022), hepatic encephalopathy (P = 0.048), and cholestasis [a decrease in serum alkaline phosphatase (P = 0.016) and serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (P = 0.039) activity] and an increase in platelet counts (P < 0.001) and serum sodium level (P = 0.048).
CONCLUSION Probiotic administration was associated with amelioration of hyperdynamic circulation and the associated complications of cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Maslennikov
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, Moscow 119435, Russia
- The Scientific Community for Human Microbiome Research, Moscow 119435, Russia
- Consultative and Diagnostic Center No. 2 of Moscow Health Department , Moscow 107764, Russia
| | - Irina Efremova
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, Moscow 119435, Russia
| | - Vladimir Ivashkin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, Moscow 119435, Russia
- The Scientific Community for Human Microbiome Research, Moscow 119435, Russia
| | - Maria Zharkova
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, Moscow 119435, Russia
| | - Elena Poluektova
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, Moscow 119435, Russia
- The Scientific Community for Human Microbiome Research, Moscow 119435, Russia
| | - Elena Shirokova
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, Moscow 119435, Russia
| | - Konstantin Ivashkin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, Moscow 119435, Russia
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Microbiome-Based Metabolic Therapeutic Approaches in Alcoholic Liver Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158749. [PMID: 35955885 PMCID: PMC9368757 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol consumption is a global healthcare problem. Chronic alcohol consumption generates a wide spectrum of hepatic lesions, the most characteristic of which are steatosis, hepatitis, fibrosis, and cirrhosis. Alcoholic liver diseases (ALD) refer to liver damage and metabolomic changes caused by excessive alcohol intake. ALD present several clinical stages of severity found in liver metabolisms. With increased alcohol consumption, the gut microbiome promotes a leaky gut, metabolic dysfunction, oxidative stress, liver inflammation, and hepatocellular injury. Much attention has focused on ALD, such as alcoholic fatty liver (AFL), alcoholic steatohepatitis (ASH), alcoholic cirrhosis (AC), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a partnership that reflects the metabolomic significance. Here, we report on the global function of inflammation, inhibition, oxidative stress, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) mechanisms in the liver biology framework. In this tutorial review, we hypothetically revisit therapeutic gut microbiota-derived alcoholic oxidative stress, liver inflammation, inflammatory cytokines, and metabolic regulation. We summarize the perspective of microbial therapy of genes, gut microbes, and metabolic role in ALD. The end stage is liver transplantation or death. This review may inspire a summary of the gut microbial genes, critical inflammatory molecules, oxidative stress, and metabolic routes, which will offer future promising therapeutic compounds in ALD.
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Lin B, Ma Y, Wu S. Multi-Omics and Artificial Intelligence-Guided Data Integration in Chronic Liver Disease: Prospects and Challenges for Precision Medicine. OMICS : A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2022; 26:415-421. [PMID: 35925812 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2022.0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Chronic liver disease (CLD) is a significant planetary health burden. CLD includes a broad range of liver pathologies from different causes, for example, hepatitis B virus infection, fatty liver disease, hepatocellular carcinoma, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease or the metabolic associated fatty liver disease. Biomarker and diagnostic discovery, and new molecular targets for precision treatments are timely and sorely needed in CLD. In this context, multi-omics data integration is increasingly being facilitated by artificial intelligence (AI) and attendant digital transformation of systems science. While the digital transformation of multi-omics integrative analyses is still in its infancy, there are noteworthy prospects, hope, and challenges for diagnostic and therapeutic innovation in CLD. This expert review aims at the emerging knowledge frontiers as well as gaps in multi-omics data integration at bulk tissue levels, and those including single cell-level data, gut microbiome data, and finally, those incorporating tissue-specific information. We refer to AI and related digital transformation of the CLD research and development field whenever possible. This review of the emerging frontiers at the intersection of systems science and digital transformation informs future roadmaps to bridge digital technology discovery and clinical omics applications to benefit planetary health and patients with CLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biaoyang Lin
- Zhejiang California International Nanosystems Institute (ZCNI) Proprium Research Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Urology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Yingying Ma
- Zhejiang California International Nanosystems Institute (ZCNI) Proprium Research Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Hangzhou Proprium Biotech Co. Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - ShengJun Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratories, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Li YG, Yu ZJ, Li A, Ren ZG. Gut microbiota alteration and modulation in hepatitis B virus-related fibrosis and complications: Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic inventions. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:3555-3572. [PMID: 36161048 PMCID: PMC9372803 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i28.3555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) has posed a threat to public health, mainly resulting in liver damage. With long-term accumulation of extracellular matrix, patients with chronic hepatitis B are at high risk of developing into liver fibrosis and cirrhosis and even life-threatening hepatic carcinoma. The occurrence of complications such as spontaneous bacterial peritonitis and hepatic encephalopathy greatly increases disability and mortality. With deeper understanding of the bidirectional interaction between the liver and the gut (gut-liver axis), there is a growing consensus that the human health closely relates to the gut microbiota. Supported by animal and human studies, the gut microbiota alters as the HBV-related liver fibrosis initials and progresses, characterized as the decrease of the ratio between “good” and “potentially pathogenic” microbes. When the primary disease is controlled via antiviral treatment, the gut microbiota dysfunction tends to be improved. Conversely, the recovery of gut microbiota can promote the regression of liver fibrosis. Therapeutic strategies targeted on gut microbiota (rifaximin, probiotics, engineered probiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation) have been applied to animal models and patients, obtaining satisfactory results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Guang Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
- Gene Hospital of Henan Province, Precision Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Zu-Jiang Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
- Gene Hospital of Henan Province, Precision Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Ang Li
- Gene Hospital of Henan Province, Precision Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Ren
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan 250000, Shandong Province, China
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Spanu D, Pretta A, Lai E, Persano M, Donisi C, Mariani S, Dubois M, Migliari M, Saba G, Ziranu P, Pusceddu V, Puzzoni M, Astara G, Scartozzi M. Hepatocellular carcinoma and microbiota: Implications for clinical management and treatment. World J Hepatol 2022; 14:1319-1332. [PMID: 36158925 PMCID: PMC9376771 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v14.i7.1319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota plays an essential role in host homeostasis. It is involved in several physiological processes such as nutrients digestion and absorption, maintenance of intestinal epithelial barrier integrity and immune system self-tolerance. Especially the gut microbiota is assumed to play a crucial role in many gastrointestinal, pancreatic and liver disorders. Its role in hepatic carcinogenesis is also gaining increasing interest, especially regarding the development of therapeutic strategies. Different studies are highlighting a link between some bacterial strains and liver disease, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Indeed, HCC represents an interesting field of research in this perspective, due to the gut-liver axis, to the implication of microbiota in the immune system and to the increasing number of immunotherapy agents investigated in this tumour. Thus, the assessment of the role of microbiota in influencing clinical outcome for patients treated with these drugs is becoming of increasing importance. Our review aims to give an overview on the relationship between microbiota and HCC development/progression and treatment. We focus on potential implications on the available treatment strategies and those under study in the various stages of disease. We highlight the pathogenic mechanisms and investigate the underlying molecular pathways involved. Moreover, we investigate the potential prognostic and/or predictive role of microbiota for target therapies, immune checkpoint inhibitors and loco-regional treatment. Finally, given the limitation of current treatments, we analyze the gut microbiota-mediated therapies and its potential options for HCC treatment focusing on fecal microbiota transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Spanu
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital and University of Cagliari, Monserrato 09042, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Andrea Pretta
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital and University of Cagliari, Monserrato 09042, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Eleonora Lai
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital and University of Cagliari, Monserrato 09042, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Mara Persano
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital and University of Cagliari, Monserrato 09042, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Clelia Donisi
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital and University of Cagliari, Monserrato 09042, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Stefano Mariani
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital and University of Cagliari, Monserrato 09042, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Marco Dubois
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital and University of Cagliari, Monserrato 09042, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Marco Migliari
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital and University of Cagliari, Monserrato 09042, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Giorgio Saba
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital and University of Cagliari, Monserrato 09042, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Pina Ziranu
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital and University of Cagliari, Monserrato 09042, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Valeria Pusceddu
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital and University of Cagliari, Monserrato 09042, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Marco Puzzoni
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital and University of Cagliari, Monserrato 09042, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Giorgio Astara
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital and University of Cagliari, Monserrato 09042, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Mario Scartozzi
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital and University of Cagliari, Monserrato 09042, Cagliari, Italy
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Liakina V, Strainiene S, Stundiene I, Maksimaityte V, Kazenaite E. Gut microbiota contribution to hepatocellular carcinoma manifestation in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. World J Hepatol 2022; 14:1277-1290. [PMID: 36158907 PMCID: PMC9376773 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v14.i7.1277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, the gut microbiota has been recognized as an obvious active player in addition to liver steatosis/steatohepatitis in the pathophysiological mechanisms of the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), even in the absence of cirrhosis. Evidence from clinical and experimental studies shows the association of specific changes in the gut microbiome and the direct contribution to maintaining liver inflammation and/or cancerogenesis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease-induced HCC. The composition of the gut microbiota differs significantly in obese and lean individuals, especially in the abundance of pro-inflammatory lipopolysaccharide-producing phyla, and, after establishing steatohepatitis, it undergoes minor changes during the progression of the disease toward advanced fibrosis. Experimental studies proved that the microbiota of obese subjects can induce steatohepatitis in normally fed mice. On the contrary, the transplantation of healthy microbiota to obese mice relieves steatosis. However, further studies are needed to confirm these findings and the mechanisms involved. In this review, we have evaluated well-documented clinical and experimental research on the role of the gut microbiota in the manifestation and promotion of HCC in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Furthermore, a literature review of microbiota alterations and consequences of dysbiosis for the promotion of NASH-induced HCC was performed, and the advantages and limitations of the microbiota as an early marker of the diagnosis of HCC were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Liakina
- Centre of Hepatology, Gastroenterology and Dietetics, Clinic of Gastroenterology, Nephrourology and Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius 01513, Lithuania
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Faculty of Fundamental Sciences, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University (VILNIUS TECH), Vilnius 10223, Lithuania
| | - Sandra Strainiene
- Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius 01513, Lithuania
- Therapeutic and Radiological Department, Antakalnis Polyclinic, Vilnius 10207, Lithuania
| | - Ieva Stundiene
- Centre of Hepatology, Gastroenterology and Dietetics, Clinic of Gastroenterology, Nephrourology and Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius 01513, Lithuania
| | - Vaidota Maksimaityte
- Centre of Hepatology, Gastroenterology and Dietetics, Clinic of Gastroenterology, Nephrourology and Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius 01513, Lithuania
| | - Edita Kazenaite
- Centre of Hepatology, Gastroenterology and Dietetics, Clinic of Gastroenterology, Nephrourology and Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius 01513, Lithuania
- Department of Pathology, Forensic Medicine and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius 01513, Lithuania
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Khalyfa AA, Punatar S, Yarbrough A. Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Understanding the Inflammatory Implications of the Microbiome. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158164. [PMID: 35897739 PMCID: PMC9332105 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. It is well known that repeated inflammatory insults in the liver can cause hepatic cellular injury that lead to cirrhosis and, ultimately, hepatocellular carcinoma. Furthermore, the microbiome has been implicated in multiple inflammatory conditions which predispose patients to malignancy. With this in mind, we explore the inflammatory implications of the microbiome on pathways that lead to HCC. We also focus on how an understanding of these underlying inflammatory principles lead to a more wholistic understanding of this deadly disease, as well as potential therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahamed A. Khalyfa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Franciscan Health Olympia Fields, Olympia Fields, IL 60461, USA;
- Correspondence:
| | - Shil Punatar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Franciscan Health Olympia Fields, Olympia Fields, IL 60461, USA;
| | - Alex Yarbrough
- Department of Gastroenterology, Franciscan Health Olympia Fields, Olympia Fields, IL 60461, USA;
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Zhou Y, Qiu J, Liu S, Wang P, Ma D, Zhang G, Cao Y, Hu L, Wang Z, Wu J, Jiang C. CFDP1 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression through activating NEDD4/PTEN/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Cancer Med 2022; 12:425-444. [PMID: 35861040 PMCID: PMC9844661 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS It is being increasingly reported that the Cranio Facial Development Protein 1 (CFDP1) plays a significant role in the onset and progression of tumors. Nonetheless, the underlying mechanisms associated with CFDP1 that contribute to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the specific biological role of CFDP1 remain vague. METHODS The Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database was analyzed to obtain the gene expression profiles as well as the matching clinical data of HCC patients. The gene co-expression network was developed by means of weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to screen for possible biomarkers that could be used for the purpose of predicting prognosis. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Profile Interaction Analysis (GEPIA) databases were used to assess the relationship between survival and expression. In addition, we identified the underlying mechanism associated with CFDP1 by analyzing the KEGG pathway database, applying the GSEA and GeneCards analysis method. We performed a sequence of experiments (in vivo and in vitro) for the purpose of investigating the specific function of CFDP1 in liver cancer. RESULTS The obtained results revealed high expression of CFDP1 in HCC tissues and cell lines. A positive correlation between the overexpression of CFDP1 and the adverse clinicopathological features was observed. Moreover, we observed that the low recurrence-free survival and overall survival were associated with CFDP1 overexpression. In addition, GeneCards and GSEA analysis showed that CFDP1 may interact with NEDD4 and participate in PTEN regulation. Meanwhile, CFDP1 can promote the malignant development of liver cancer in vivo and in vitro. The western blotting technique was also employed so as to examine the samples, and the findings demonstrated that CFDP1 enhanced the malignancy of HCC via the NEDD4-mediated PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway. CONCLUSION We highlighted that CFDP1 played an oncogenic role in HCC and was identified as a possible clinical prognostic factor and a potential novel therapeutic target for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryDrum Tower Clinical College of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Jiannan Qiu
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryThe Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjingChina
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular MedicineNational Institute of Healthcare Data Science at Nanjing University, Medical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Siyuan Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryDrum Tower Clinical College of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryThe Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjingChina
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular MedicineNational Institute of Healthcare Data Science at Nanjing University, Medical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Ding Ma
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryThe Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjingChina
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular MedicineNational Institute of Healthcare Data Science at Nanjing University, Medical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Guang Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryDrum Tower Clinical College of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryThe Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjingChina
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular MedicineNational Institute of Healthcare Data Science at Nanjing University, Medical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjingChina
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong LaboratoryShounuo City Light West BlockJinan CityChina
| | - Yin Cao
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryDrum Tower Clinical College of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryThe Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjingChina
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular MedicineNational Institute of Healthcare Data Science at Nanjing University, Medical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjingChina
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong LaboratoryShounuo City Light West BlockJinan CityChina
| | - Lili Hu
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryDrum Tower Clinical College of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Zhongxia Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryDrum Tower Clinical College of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryThe Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjingChina
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular MedicineNational Institute of Healthcare Data Science at Nanjing University, Medical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjingChina
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong LaboratoryShounuo City Light West BlockJinan CityChina
| | - Junhua Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular MedicineNational Institute of Healthcare Data Science at Nanjing University, Medical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjingChina
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong LaboratoryShounuo City Light West BlockJinan CityChina
| | - Chunping Jiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryDrum Tower Clinical College of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryThe Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjingChina
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular MedicineNational Institute of Healthcare Data Science at Nanjing University, Medical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjingChina
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong LaboratoryShounuo City Light West BlockJinan CityChina
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Maslennikov R, Ivashkin V, Alieva A, Poluektova E, Kudryavtseva A, Krasnov G, Zharkova M, Zharikov Y. Gut dysbiosis and body composition in cirrhosis. World J Hepatol 2022; 14:1210-1225. [PMID: 35978666 PMCID: PMC9258262 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v14.i6.1210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gut dysbiosis and changes in body composition (i.e., a decrease in the proportion of muscle mass and an increase in extracellular fluid) are common in cirrhosis.
AIM To study the relationship between the gut microbiota and body composition in cirrhosis.
METHODS This observational study included 46 patients with cirrhosis. Stool microbiome was assessed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis was performed to assess body composition in these patients.
RESULTS An increase in fat mass and a decrease in body cell mass were noted in 23/46 (50.0%) and 15/46 (32.6%) patients, respectively. Changes in the gut microbiome were not independently associated with the fat mass percentage in cirrhosis. The abundance of Bacteroidaceae (P = 0.041) and Eggerthella (P = 0.001) increased, whereas that of Erysipelatoclostridiaceae (P = 0.006), Catenibacterium (P = 0.021), Coprococcus (P = 0.033), Desulfovibrio (P = 0.043), Intestinimonas (P = 0.028), and Senegalimassilia (P = 0.015) decreased in the gut microbiome of patients with body cell mass deficiency. The amount of extracellular fluid increased in 22/46 (47.6%) patients. Proteobacteria abundance (P < 0.001) increased, whereas Firmicutes (P = 0.023), Actinobacteria (P = 0.026), Bacilli (P = 0.008), Anaerovoraceceae (P = 0.027), Christensenellaceae (P = 0.038), Eggerthellaceae (P = 0.047), Erysipelatoclostridiaceae (P = 0.015), Erysipelotrichaceae (P = 0.003), Oscillospiraceae (P = 0.024), Rikenellaceae (P = 0.002), Collinsella (P = 0.030), Hungatella (P = 0.040), Peptococcaceae (P = 0.023), Slackia (P = 0.008), and Senegalimassilia (P = 0.024) abundance decreased in these patients. Patients with clinically significant ascites (n = 9) had a higher abundance of Proteobacteria (P = 0.031) and a lower abundance of Actinobacteria (P = 0.019) and Bacteroidetes (P = 0.046) than patients without clinically significant ascites (n = 37).
CONCLUSION Changes in the amount of body cell mass and extracellular fluid are associated with changes in the gut microbiome in cirrhosis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Maslennikov
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, Moscow 119435, Russia
- Scientific Community for Human Microbiome Research, Moscow 119435, Russia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Сonsultative and Diagnostic Center No. 2, Moscow City Health Department, Moscow 107564, Russia
| | - Vladimir Ivashkin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, Moscow 119435, Russia
- Scientific Community for Human Microbiome Research, Moscow 119435, Russia
| | - Aliya Alieva
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, Moscow 119435, Russia
| | - Elena Poluektova
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, Moscow 119435, Russia
- Scientific Community for Human Microbiome Research, Moscow 119435, Russia
| | - Anna Kudryavtseva
- Scientific Community for Human Microbiome Research, Moscow 119435, Russia
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Postgenomic Research, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - George Krasnov
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Postgenomic Research, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria Zharkova
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, Moscow 119435, Russia
| | - Yuri Zharikov
- Department of Anatomy, Sechenov University, Moscow 119435, Russia
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Li K, Liu J, Qin X. Research progress of gut microbiota in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Clin Lab Anal 2022; 36:e24512. [PMID: 35719048 PMCID: PMC9279976 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most common cancer and the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death in the world. A number of challenges remain for the early detection and effective treatment of HCC. In recent years, microbiota have been proven to be associated with the development of HCC. Many studies have explored the pathogenesis, diagnostic marker, and therapeutic target potential of microbiota in hepatocellular carcinoma. Therefore, we aimed to introduce the research methods and achievements of gut microbiota in hepatocellular carcinoma and discuss the value of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. METHODS Keywords are used to search relevant articles which were mainly published from 2010 to 2021, and we further selected targeted articles and read the full text. RESULTS Gut microbiota involved in promoting the formation and development of hepatocellular carcinoma, and differential gut microbiota and microbial metabolites have the potential to be the biomarkers of hepatocellular carcinoma. Purposefully regulated gut microbiota can improve the prognosis of patients, which is expected to be used in hepatocellular carcinoma. CONCLUSION The study of gut microbiota in hepatocellular carcinoma is definitely worthy of study. In-depth and elaborate research design is crucial for the study of the mechanism of gut microbiota involved in hepatocellular carcinoma, which can provide new directions and targets for the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keliu Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Jianhua Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaosong Qin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Shenyang, China
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Kamiya T, Ohtani N. The role of immune cells in the liver tumor microenvironment: an involvement of gut microbiota-derived factors. Int Immunol 2022; 34:467-474. [PMID: 35652367 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxac020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
More than 500 species of microbiota reside in the human intestine and coexist with humans, their host. Gut microbial metabolites and components are absorbed from the intestine and influence cells in the liver, including hepatocytes and stromal cells, such as liver sinusoidal endothelial cells, hepatic stellate cells, Kupffer cells, natural killer (NK) cells, NK T cells, and other immune cells. This gut-originated axis to the liver is called the "gut-liver axis", which underscores the importance of the link between the gut and the liver. In this review, we discuss the gut microbial components and metabolites that affect cells in the liver, particularly in association with immune cells, and the related responses. We also highlight the mechanisms underlying gut microbiota-mediated liver carcinogenesis and discuss cancer prevention, including the recently clarified modulation of immune checkpoint inhibitor efficacy by the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonori Kamiya
- Department of Pathophysiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Naoko Ohtani
- Department of Pathophysiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
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Gallbladder microbiota composition is associated with pancreaticobiliary and gallbladder cancer prognosis. BMC Microbiol 2022; 22:147. [PMID: 35624429 PMCID: PMC9137208 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-022-02557-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The microbial population of the intestinal tract and its relationship to specific diseases has been extensively studied during the past decade. However, reports characterizing the bile microbiota are rare. This study aims to investigate the microbiota composition in patients with pancreaticobiliary cancers and benign diseases by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and to evaluate its potential value as a biomarker for the cancer of the bile duct, pancreas, and gallbladder. Results We enrolled patients who were diagnosed with cancer, cystic lesions, and inflammation of the pancreaticobiliary tract. The study cohort comprised 244 patients. We extracted microbiome-derived DNA from the bile juice in surgically resected gallbladders. The microbiome composition was not significantly different according to lesion position and cancer type in terms of alpha and beta diversity. We found a significant difference in the relative abundance of Campylobacter, Citrobacter, Leptotrichia, Enterobacter, Hungatella, Mycolicibacterium, Phyllobacterium and Sphingomonas between patients without and with lymph node metastasis. Conclusions There was a significant association between the relative abundance of certain microbes and overall survival prognosis. These microbes showed association with good prognosis in cholangiocarcinoma, but with poor prognosis in pancreatic adenocarcinoma, and vice versa. Our findings suggest that pancreaticobiliary tract cancer patients have an altered microbiome composition, which might be a biomarker for distinguishing malignancy. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12866-022-02557-3.
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Manzoor R, Ahmed W, Afify N, Memon M, Yasin M, Memon H, Rustom M, Al Akeel M, Alhajri N. Trust Your Gut: The Association of Gut Microbiota and Liver Disease. Microorganisms 2022; 10:1045. [PMID: 35630487 PMCID: PMC9146349 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10051045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota composition is important for nutrient metabolism, mucosal barrier function, immunomodulation, and defense against pathogens. Alterations in the gut microbiome can disturb the gut ecosystem. These changes may lead to the loss of beneficial bacteria or an increase in potentially pathogenic bacteria. Furthermore, these have been shown to contribute to the pathophysiology of gastrointestinal and extra-intestinal diseases. Pathologies of the liver, such as non-alcoholic liver disease, alcoholic liver disease, cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, autoimmune hepatitis, viral hepatitis, and primary sclerosing cholangitis have all been linked to changes in the gut microbiome composition. There is substantial evidence that links gut dysbiosis to the progression and complications of these pathologies. This review article aimed to describe the changes seen in the gut microbiome in liver diseases and the association between gut dysbiosis and liver disease, and finally, explore treatment options that may improve gut dysbiosis in patients with liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ridda Manzoor
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates; (R.M.); (W.A.); (N.A.); (M.M.); (M.Y.); (H.M.); (M.R.)
| | - Weshah Ahmed
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates; (R.M.); (W.A.); (N.A.); (M.M.); (M.Y.); (H.M.); (M.R.)
| | - Nariman Afify
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates; (R.M.); (W.A.); (N.A.); (M.M.); (M.Y.); (H.M.); (M.R.)
| | - Mashal Memon
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates; (R.M.); (W.A.); (N.A.); (M.M.); (M.Y.); (H.M.); (M.R.)
| | - Maryam Yasin
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates; (R.M.); (W.A.); (N.A.); (M.M.); (M.Y.); (H.M.); (M.R.)
| | - Hamda Memon
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates; (R.M.); (W.A.); (N.A.); (M.M.); (M.Y.); (H.M.); (M.R.)
| | - Mohammad Rustom
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates; (R.M.); (W.A.); (N.A.); (M.M.); (M.Y.); (H.M.); (M.R.)
| | - Mohannad Al Akeel
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Health, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 5674, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Noora Alhajri
- Department of Medicine, Sheikh Shakhbout Medical City (SSMC), Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 11001, United Arab Emirates
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Luo W, Guo S, Zhou Y, Zhao J, Wang M, Sang L, Chang B, Wang B. Hepatocellular Carcinoma: How the Gut Microbiota Contributes to Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Therapy. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:873160. [PMID: 35572649 PMCID: PMC9092458 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.873160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is gaining increasing attention, and the concept of the "gut-liver axis" is gradually being recognized. Leaky gut resulting from injury and/or inflammation can cause the translocation of flora to the liver. Microbiota-associated metabolites and components mediate the activation of a series of signalling pathways, thereby playing an important role in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). For this reason, targeting the gut microbiota in the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of HCC holds great promise. In this review, we summarize the gut microbiota and the mechanisms by which it mediates HCC development, and the characteristic alterations in the gut microbiota during HCC pathogenesis. Furthermore, we propose several strategies to target the gut microbiota for the prevention and treatment of HCC, including antibiotics, probiotics, faecal microbiota transplantation, and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyu Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- The Second Clinical College, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shiqi Guo
- The Second Clinical College, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- The Second Clinical College, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jingwen Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Mengyao Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lixuan Sang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bing Chang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bingyuan Wang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Liu J, Yang D, Wang X, Asare PT, Zhang Q, Na L, Shao L. Gut Microbiota Targeted Approach in the Management of Chronic Liver Diseases. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:774335. [PMID: 35444959 PMCID: PMC9014089 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.774335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver is directly connected to the intestines through the portal vein, which enables the gut microbiota and gut-derived products to influence liver health. There is accumulating evidence of decreased gut flora diversity and alcohol sensitivity in patients with various chronic liver diseases, including non-alcoholic/alcoholic liver disease, chronic hepatitis virus infection, primary sclerosing cholangitis and liver cirrhosis. Increased intestinal mucosal permeability and decline in barrier function were also found in these patients. Followed by bacteria translocation and endotoxin uptake, these will lead to systemic inflammation. Specific microbiota and microbiota-derived metabolites are altered in various chronic liver diseases studies, but the complex interaction between the gut microbiota and liver is missing. This review article discussed the bidirectional relationship between the gut and the liver, and explained the mechanisms of how the gut microbiota ecosystem alteration affects the pathogenesis of chronic liver diseases. We presented gut-microbiota targeted interventions that could be the new promising method to manage chronic liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Department of Research, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital; The College of Medical Technology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Dakai Yang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Paul Tetteh Asare
- Human and Animal Health Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Qingwen Zhang
- Department of Research, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital; The College of Medical Technology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lixin Na
- Department of Research, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital; The College of Medical Technology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Shao
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Lei Shao,
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Maslennikov R, Ivashkin V, Efremova I, Poluektova E, Kudryavtseva A, Krasnov G. Gut dysbiosis and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth as independent forms of gut microbiota disorders in cirrhosis. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:1067-1077. [PMID: 35431497 PMCID: PMC8968519 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i10.1067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gut dysbiosis and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) are commonly observed in patients with cirrhosis. Despite the substantial number of articles describing the relations between disorders of gut microbiota and various manifestations of cirrhosis, dysbiosis and SIBO were always studied separately.
AIM To study the relationship of gut dysbiosis and SIBO in cirrhosis.
METHODS This observational study included 47 in-patients with cirrhosis. Stool microbiome was assessed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. SIBO was assessed using the lactulose hydrogen breath test.
RESULTS SIBO was found in 24/47 (51.1%) patients. Patients with SIBO had a higher abundance of Firmicutes (P = 0.017) and Fusobacteria (P = 0.011), and a lower abundance of Bacteroidetes (P = 0.013) than patients without SIBO. This increase in the abundance of Firmicutes occurred mainly due to an increase in the abundance of bacteria from the genus Blautia (P = 0.020) of the Lachnospiraceae family (P = 0.047), while the abundance of other major families of this phylum [Ruminococcaceae (P = 0.856), Peptostreptococcaceae (P = 0.066), Clostridiaceae (P = 0.463), Eubacteriaceae (P = 0.463), Lactobacillaceae (P = 0.413), and Veillonellaceae (P = 0.632)] did not differ significantly between the patients with and without SIBO. Reduced level of Bacteroidetes in samples from patients with SIBO was a result of the decrease in bacterial numbers from all the major families of this phylum [Bacteroidaceae (P = 0.014), Porphyromonadaceae (P = 0.002), and Rikenellaceae (P = 0.047)], with the exception of Prevotellaceae (P = 0.941). There were no significant differences in the abundance of taxa that were the main biomarkers of cirrhosis-associated gut dysbiosis [Proteobacteria (P = 0.790), Bacilli (P = 0.573), Enterobacteriaceae (P = 0.632), Streptococcaceae (P = 0.170), Staphylococcaceae (P = 0.450), and Enterococcaceae (P = 0.873)] between patients with and without SIBO.
CONCLUSION Despite the differences observed in the gut microbiome between patients with and without SIBO, gut dysbiosis and SIBO are most likely independent disorders of gut microbiota in cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Maslennikov
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, Moscow 119435, Russia
- Scientific Community for Human Microbiome Research, Moscow 119435, Russia
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, Сonsultative and Diagnostic Center 2 of the Moscow City Health Department, Moscow 107564, Russia
| | - Vladimir Ivashkin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, Moscow 119435, Russia
- Scientific Community for Human Microbiome Research, Moscow 119435, Russia
| | - Irina Efremova
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, Moscow 119435, Russia
| | - Elena Poluektova
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, Moscow 119435, Russia
- Scientific Community for Human Microbiome Research, Moscow 119435, Russia
| | - Anna Kudryavtseva
- Scientific Community for Human Microbiome Research, Moscow 119435, Russia
- Laboratory of Postgenomic Research, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - George Krasnov
- Laboratory of Postgenomic Research, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
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Kubota N, Fujiwara N, Hoshida Y. Liver cancer risk-predictive molecular biomarkers specific to clinico-epidemiological contexts. Adv Cancer Res 2022; 156:1-37. [PMID: 35961696 PMCID: PMC7616039 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2022.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk prediction is increasingly important because of the low annual HCC incidence in patients with the rapidly emerging non-alcoholic fatty liver disease or cured HCV infection. To date, numerous clinical HCC risk biomarkers and scores have been reported in literature. However, heterogeneity in clinico-epidemiological context, e.g., liver disease etiology, patient race/ethnicity, regional environmental exposure, and lifestyle-related factors, obscure their real clinical utility and applicability. Proper characterization of these factors will help refine HCC risk prediction according to certain clinical context/scenarios and contribute to improved early HCC detection. Molecular factors underlying the clinical heterogeneity encompass various features in host genetics, hepatic and systemic molecular dysregulations, and cross-organ interactions, which may serve as clinical-context-specific biomarkers and/or therapeutic targets. Toward the goal to enable individual-risk-based HCC screening by incorporating the HCC risk biomarkers/scores, their assessment in patient with well-defined clinical context/scenario is critical to gauge their real value and to maximize benefit of the tailored patient management for substantial improvement of the poor HCC prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Kubota
- Liver Tumor Translational Research Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Naoto Fujiwara
- Liver Tumor Translational Research Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States; Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yujin Hoshida
- Liver Tumor Translational Research Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States.
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Peng YC, Zhao XH, Zeng CF, Xu JX, Qi LN, Li LQ. Integrated omics analysis: the relationship between significantly increased Klebsiella post-hepatectomy and decreased hub-metabolite 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoic acid is associated with induced liver failure. J Gastrointest Oncol 2022; 13:326-343. [PMID: 35284109 PMCID: PMC8899754 DOI: 10.21037/jgo-21-906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study sought to evaluate the association between intestinal Klebsiella and post-hepatectomy liver failure (PHLF) in patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (B-HCC), and identify the inner relationship. METHODS Patients with B-HCC were divided into Groups A and B based on the presence or absence of PHLF. 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid surveys were used to identify gut microbiome alterations. PICRUST2 was used to examine the metagenomic data in PHLF patients. Fecal and serum samples were processed by chromatography-mass spectrometry based non-targeted metabonomics, then comprehensively analyzed to obtain hub metabolites. A Spearman correlation analysis was then conducted to find any associations between fecal differential metabolites and the relative abundance of differential microbes. RESULTS Hepatectomies were significantly associated with a gut microbial imbalance in B-HCC patients, and a significant elevation of Klebsiella abundance was observed in PHLF patients. Klebsiella appears to act on 13 amino acid-related pathways, especially significantly observed in branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) metabolic pathways. Additionally, Klebsiella was found to be highly correlated with 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoic acid shared by feces and serum in the BCAA metabolic pathway. CONCLUSIONS Hepatectomy can lead to an imbalance of intestinal microflora in B-HCC patients. Due to its potential connections with 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoic acid in the BCAA pathway, significantly increased Klebsiella has the potential to be an evaluation indicator of PHLF in B-HCC patients. Moreover, 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoic acid has research value in PHLF-targeted treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chong Peng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor, Ministry of Education, Nanning, China
| | - Xin-Hua Zhao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor, Ministry of Education, Nanning, China
| | - Chuan-Fa Zeng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor, Ministry of Education, Nanning, China
| | - Jing-Xuan Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor, Ministry of Education, Nanning, China
| | - Lu-Nan Qi
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor, Ministry of Education, Nanning, China
| | - Le-Qun Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor, Ministry of Education, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Liver Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Engineering and Technology Research Center, Nanning, China
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Chen B, Huang H, Pan CQ. The role of gut microbiota in hepatitis B disease progression and treatment. J Viral Hepat 2022; 29:94-106. [PMID: 34415656 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.13595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Current therapeutic interventions can only suppress hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication or reduce complications without a cure. Therefore, further development of new treatment methods is critical for the global eradication of HBV. Accumulating evidence suggests that the liver and gut share an interconnected relationship referred to as the 'Gut-Liver Axis', where exchanges happen bi-directionally. The gut itself is the host to a unique microbiota profile which has metabolic, immunological, neurological and nutritional functions. Gut microbiota is not only constantly intersecting with the liver but also associated with hepatic injury when dysbiosis occurs. In recent years, there has been increased interest in gut microbiota and its implications on liver disease treatment. Progress has been made in understanding the complex relationship between chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and gut microbiota. New investigative techniques such as colony-free sequencing enabled new perspectives into this field. Mouse models and human studies revealed that HBV infection is associated with significant alteration of gut microbiota, which differ depending on the stage of CHB disease progression. Different mechanisms of the hepatic injury from gut microbiota dysbiosis have also been proposed based on findings of increased intestinal permeability to toxins, disruption of normal bacterial metabolism, and colonization of the gut by oral microbiota. New treatment methods targeting gut microbiota in CHB, such as probiotics and faecal microbiota transplant, have also gained promising results in recent years. The current review recapitulated the most recent investigations into the relationship between gut microbiota and CHB to provide research directions towards the new therapeutic target of CHB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Chen
- University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Harry Huang
- Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Calvin Q Pan
- Center of Liver Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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Medhat A, Arzumanyan A, Feitelson MA. Hepatitis B x antigen (HBx) is an important therapeutic target in the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncotarget 2021; 12:2421-2433. [PMID: 34853663 PMCID: PMC8629409 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.28077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a human pathogen that has infected an estimated two billion people worldwide. Despite the availability of highly efficacious vaccines, universal screening of the blood supply for virus, and potent direct acting anti-viral drugs, there are more than 250 million carriers of HBV who are at risk for the sequential development of hepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). More than 800,000 deaths per year are attributed to chronic hepatitis B. Many different therapeutic approaches have been developed to block virus replication, and although effective, none are curative. These treatments have little or no impact upon the portions of integrated HBV DNA, which often encode the virus regulatory protein, HBx. Although given little attention, HBx is an important therapeutic target because it contributes importantly to (a) HBV replication, (b) in protecting infected cells from immune mediated destruction during chronic infection, and (c) in the development of HCC. Thus, the development of therapies targeting HBx, combined with other established therapies, will provide a functional cure that will target virus replication and further reduce or eliminate both the morbidity and mortality associated with chronic liver disease and HCC. Simultaneous targeting of all these characteristics underscores the importance of developing therapies against HBx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvin Medhat
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Azad University, North Unit, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alla Arzumanyan
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mark A Feitelson
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Maslennikov R, Ivashkin V, Efremova I, Poluektova E, Shirokova E. Gut-liver axis in cirrhosis: Are hemodynamic changes a missing link? World J Clin Cases 2021; 9:9320-9332. [PMID: 34877269 PMCID: PMC8610853 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i31.9320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that the condition of the gut and its microbiota greatly influence the course of liver disease, especially cirrhosis. This introduces the concept of the gut–liver axis, which can be imagined as a chain connected by several links. Gut dysbiosis, small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, and intestinal barrier alteration lead to bacterial translocation, resulting in systemic inflammation. Systemic inflammation further causes vasodilation, arterial hypotension, and hyperdynamic circulation, leading to the aggravation of portal hypertension, which contributes to the development of complications of cirrhosis, resulting in a poorer prognosis. The majority of the data underlying this model were obtained initially from animal experiments, and most of these correlations were further reproduced in studies including patients with cirrhosis. However, despite the published data on the relationship of the disorders of the gut microbiota with the complications of cirrhosis and the proposed pathogenetic role of hemodynamic disorders in their development, the direct relations between gut dysbiosis and hemodynamic changes in this disease are poorly studied. They remain a missing link in the gut–liver axis and a challenge for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Maslennikov
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, Moscow 119435, Russia
- The Interregional Public Organization "Scientific Community for the Promotion of the Clinical Study of the Human Microbiome", Moscow 119435, Russia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Consultative and Diagnostic Center of the Moscow City Health Department, Moscow 107564, Russia
| | - Vladimir Ivashkin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, Moscow 119435, Russia
| | - Irina Efremova
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, Moscow 119435, Russia
| | - Elena Poluektova
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, Moscow 119435, Russia
- The Interregional Public Organization "Scientific Community for the Promotion of the Clinical Study of the Human Microbiome", Moscow 119435, Russia
| | - Elena Shirokova
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, Moscow 119435, Russia
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Cui D, Li W, Jiang D, Wu J, Xie J, Wu Y. Advances in Multi-Omics Applications in HBV-Associated Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:754709. [PMID: 34660653 PMCID: PMC8514776 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.754709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) specifically infects liver cells, leading to progressive liver cirrhosis and significantly increasing the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The maturity of sequencing technology, improvement in bioinformatics data analysis and progress of omics technologies had improved research efficiency. The occurrence and progression of HCC are affected by multisystem and multilevel pathological changes. With the application of single-omics technologies, including genomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics and proteomics in tissue and body fluid samples, and even the novel development of multi-omics analysis on a single-cell platform, HBV-associated HCC changes can be better analyzed. The review summarizes the application of single omics and combined analysis of multi-omics data in HBV-associated HCC and proposes the importance of multi-omics analysis in the type of HCC, which provide the possibility for the precise diagnosis and therapy of HBV-associated HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Cui
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Li
- Center of Research Laboratory, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, China
| | - Daixi Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianguo Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China
| | - Jue Xie
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yingping Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China
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