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Escalona-Noguero C, Alarcón-Iniesta H, López-Valls M, Del Carpio LP, Piulats JM, Somoza Á, Sot B. Detection of the Uveal Melanoma-Associated Mutation GNAQ Q209P from Liquid Biopsy Using CRISPR/Cas12a Technology. Anal Chem 2023; 95:16692-16700. [PMID: 37921444 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c03460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UM) is a rare ocular tumor characterized by high metastasis risk and poor prognosis. The in-depth characterization of UM's molecular profile is critical for better disease classification and prognosis. Furthermore, the development of detection tools to monitor UM evolution upon treatment is of great interest for designing optimal therapeutic strategies. However, commonly used techniques, such as ddPCR or NGS, are costly, and they involve sophisticated equipment and complex experimental design. The development of alternative sensing methods that are fast, simple, and inexpensive would be of great benefit to improve UM's diagnosis and management, especially when combined with liquid biopsy. Samples from liquid biopsy can be obtained with minimal invasiveness, and the detection of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in UM patients' plasma has proven useful for the diagnosis of metastasis, prognosis prediction, and disease monitoring. In this context, CRISPR/Cas12a-derived molecular sensors, thanks to their high specificity and sensitivity and their potential for point of care diagnosis, are particularly interesting. Here, we developed a CRISPR/Cas12a-based approach for the specific detection of the UM-related mutation GNAQ Q209P that relies on the design of highly specific crRNAs. Coupled with allele-specific PCR, it constitutes a sensitive platform for liquid biopsy detection, capable of sensing GNAQ Q209P in plasma samples with a low ctDNA concentration and fractional abundance. Finally, our method was validated using plasma samples from metastatic UM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - María López-Valls
- Fundación IMDEA Nanociencia, Campus Universitario de Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Luis Paul Del Carpio
- Medical Oncology Department, Institut Català d'Oncologia─ICO, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, IDIBELL, Barcelona 08908, Spain
- Cancer ImmunoTherapy (CIT) Group-iPROCURE, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute IDIBELL-OncoBell, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona 08908, Spain
| | - Josep M Piulats
- Medical Oncology Department, Institut Català d'Oncologia─ICO, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, IDIBELL, Barcelona 08908, Spain
- Cancer ImmunoTherapy (CIT) Group-iPROCURE, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute IDIBELL-OncoBell, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona 08908, Spain
| | - Álvaro Somoza
- Fundación IMDEA Nanociencia, Campus Universitario de Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain
- Unidad Asociada de Nanobiotecnología (CNB-CSIC e IMDEA Nanociencia), Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Begoña Sot
- Fundación IMDEA Nanociencia, Campus Universitario de Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Unidad de Innovación Biomédica, Complutense 40, Madrid 28040, Spain
- Advanced Therapies Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJ UAM), Madrid 28040, Spain
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2
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Mariani P, Bidard FC, Rampanou A, Houy A, Servois V, Ramtohul T, Pierron G, Chevrier M, Renouf B, Lantz O, Gardrat S, Vincent-Salomon A, Roman-Roman S, Rodrigues M, Piperno-Neumann S, Cassoux N, Stern MH, Renault S. Circulating Tumor DNA as a Prognostic Factor in Patients With Resectable Hepatic Metastases of Uveal Melanoma. Ann Surg 2023; 278:e827-e834. [PMID: 36847256 PMCID: PMC10481917 DOI: 10.1097/sla.0000000000005822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We report here the results of a prospective study of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) detection in patients undergoing uveal melanoma (UM) liver metastases resection (NCT02849145). BACKGROUND In UM patients, the liver is the most common and often only site of metastases. Local treatments of liver metastases, such as surgical resection, have a likely benefit in selected patients. METHODS Upon enrollment, metastatic UM patients eligible for curative liver surgery had plasma samples collected before and after surgery. GNAQ / GNA11 mutations were identified in archived tumor tissue and used to quantify ctDNA by droplet digital polymerase chain reaction which was then associated with the patient's surgical outcomes. RESULTS Forty-seven patients were included. Liver surgery was associated with a major increase of cell-free circulating DNA levels, with a peak 2 days after surgery (∼20-fold). Among 40 evaluable patients, 14 (35%) had detectable ctDNA before surgery, with a median allelic frequency of 1.1%. These patients experienced statistically shorter relapse-free survival (RFS) versus patients with no detectable ctDNA before surgery (median RFS: 5.5 vs 12.2 months; hazard ratio=2.23, 95% CI: 1.06-4.69, P =0.04), and had a numerically shorter overall survival (OS) (median OS: 27.0 vs 42.3 months). ctDNA positivity at postsurgery time points was also associated with RFS and OS. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first to report ctDNA detection rate and prognostic impact in UM patients eligible for surgical resection of their liver metastases. If confirmed by further studies in this setting, this noninvasive biomarker could inform treatment decisions in UM patients with liver metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascale Mariani
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Institut Curie, Paris, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - François-Clément Bidard
- Circulating Tumor Biomarkers Laboratory, Inserm CIC-BT, Department of Translational Research, Institut Curie, Paris, France
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Curie, Paris and Saint-Cloud, France
- UVSQ, Paris-Saclay University, Saint Cloud, Paris, France
| | - Aurore Rampanou
- Circulating Tumor Biomarkers Laboratory, Inserm CIC-BT, Department of Translational Research, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Houy
- Inserm U830, DNA Repair and Uveal Melanoma (D.R.U.M.) Team, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Servois
- Department of Radiology, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Toulsie Ramtohul
- Department of Radiology, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Gaelle Pierron
- Somatic Genetic Unit, Department of Genetics, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Marion Chevrier
- Biometry Unit, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris and Saint-Cloud, France
| | - Benjamin Renouf
- Direction of the Clinical Research, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Lantz
- INSERM U932, Institut Curie, PSL University, Paris, France
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Institut Curie, Paris, France
- Inserm CIC-BT1428, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Gardrat
- Department of Diagnostic and Theranostic Medicine, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Anne Vincent-Salomon
- Department of Diagnostic and Theranostic Medicine, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Sergio Roman-Roman
- Department of Translational Research, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Manuel Rodrigues
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Curie, Paris and Saint-Cloud, France
- Inserm U830, DNA Repair and Uveal Melanoma (D.R.U.M.) Team, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | | | - Nathalie Cassoux
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Institut Curie, Paris, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Marc-Henri Stern
- Inserm U830, DNA Repair and Uveal Melanoma (D.R.U.M.) Team, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Shufang Renault
- Circulating Tumor Biomarkers Laboratory, Inserm CIC-BT, Department of Translational Research, Institut Curie, Paris, France
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Gerard C, Shum B, Nathan P, Turajlic S. Immuno-oncology approaches in uveal melanoma: tebentafusp and beyond. IMMUNO-ONCOLOGY TECHNOLOGY 2023; 19:100386. [PMID: 37483658 PMCID: PMC10362360 DOI: 10.1016/j.iotech.2023.100386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common ocular malignancy in adults, associated with the poorest prognosis, with metastatic disease occurring in up to 50% of patients. In contrast to metastatic cutaneous melanoma, the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors is associated with poor outcomes in metastatic uveal melanoma (mUM). Tebentafusp, a bispecific molecule, has recently become the first treatment in decades to improve overall survival for mUM. This review summarises the existing and emerging immuno-oncology approaches for the treatment of mUM, and biomarkers of response and resistance to the same. Finally, we propose future research directions that could maximise treatment benefit to a wider pool of patients with UM.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Gerard
- Cancer Dynamics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Precision Oncology Center, Oncology Department, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - B. Shum
- Cancer Dynamics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Skin and Renal Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London
| | - P. Nathan
- Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, East and North Herts NHS Trust, Northwood, UK
| | - S. Turajlic
- Cancer Dynamics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Skin and Renal Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London
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Herrspiegel C, Plastino F, Lardner E, Seregard S, Williams PA, André H, Stålhammar G. A serum protein signature at the time of Uveal Melanoma diagnosis predicts long-term patient survival. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:277. [PMID: 36973672 PMCID: PMC10044715 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-10757-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop a prognostic test based on a single blood sample obtained at the time of uveal melanoma diagnosis. METHODS 83 patients diagnosed with posterior uveal melanoma between 1996 and 2000 were included. Peripheral serum samples were obtained at diagnosis and kept at -80 °C until this analysis. Protein profiling of 84 cancer-related proteins was used to screen for potential biomarkers and a prognostic test that stratifies patients into metastatic risk categories was developed (serUM-Px) in a training cohort and then tested in a validation cohort. RESULTS Low serum leptin levels and high osteopontin levels were found to identify patients with poor prognosis and were therefore selected for inclusion in the final test. In the validation cohort, patient sex and American Joint Committee on Cancer stages were similarly distributed between the low, intermediate, and high metastatic risk categories. With increasing metastatic risk category, patients had shorter metastasis-free- and overall survival, as well as greater cumulative incidence of uveal melanoma-related mortality in competing risk analysis (P = 0.007, 0.018 and 0.029, respectively). In multivariate Cox regression, serUM-Px was an independent predictor of metastasis with tumor size and patient sex as covariates (hazard ratio 3.2, 95% CI 1.5-6.9). CONCLUSIONS A prognostic test based on a single peripheral venous blood sample at the time of uveal melanoma diagnosis stratifies patients into low, intermediate, and high metastatic risk categories. Prospective validation will facilitate its clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Herrspiegel
- St. Erik Eye Hospital, Eugeniavägen 12, 4078, Stockholm, 171 64, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Eye and Vision, Karolinska Institutet, Tomtebodavägen 18A, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden
| | - Flavia Plastino
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Eye and Vision, Karolinska Institutet, Tomtebodavägen 18A, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden
| | - Emma Lardner
- St. Erik Eye Hospital, Eugeniavägen 12, 4078, Stockholm, 171 64, Sweden
| | - Stefan Seregard
- St. Erik Eye Hospital, Eugeniavägen 12, 4078, Stockholm, 171 64, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Eye and Vision, Karolinska Institutet, Tomtebodavägen 18A, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden
| | - Pete A Williams
- St. Erik Eye Hospital, Eugeniavägen 12, 4078, Stockholm, 171 64, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Eye and Vision, Karolinska Institutet, Tomtebodavägen 18A, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden
| | - Helder André
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Eye and Vision, Karolinska Institutet, Tomtebodavägen 18A, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden
| | - Gustav Stålhammar
- St. Erik Eye Hospital, Eugeniavägen 12, 4078, Stockholm, 171 64, Sweden.
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Eye and Vision, Karolinska Institutet, Tomtebodavägen 18A, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden.
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Ma J, Teng Y, Youming H, Tao X, Fan Y. The Value of Cell-Free Circulating DNA Profiling in Patients with Skin Diseases. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2695:247-262. [PMID: 37450124 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3346-5_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Liquid biopsy, also known as fluid biopsy or fluid-phase biopsy, is the sampling and analysis of the blood, cerebrospinal fluid, saliva, pleural fluid, ascites, and urine. Compared with tissue biopsy, liquid biopsy technology has the advantages of being noninvasive, having strong repeatability, enabling early diagnosis, dynamic monitoring, and overcoming tumor heterogeneity. However, interest in cfDNA and skin diseases has not expanded until recently. In this review, we present an overview of the literature related to the basic biology of cfDNA in the field of dermatology as a biomarker for early diagnosis, monitoring disease activity, predicting progression, and treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Ma
- Medical Cosmetic Center, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Teng
- Health Management Center, Department of Dermatology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Huang Youming
- Health Management Center, Department of Dermatology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohua Tao
- Health Management Center, Department of Dermatology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yibin Fan
- Health Management Center, Department of Dermatology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.
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Francis JH, Barker CA, Brannon AR, Canestraro J, Robbins M, Swartzwelder CE, Levine S, Law C, Berger MF, Shoushtari A, Abramson DH. Detectability of Plasma-Derived Circulating Tumor DNA Panel in Patients Undergoing Primary Treatment for Uveal Melanoma. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2022; 63:17. [PMID: 36525262 PMCID: PMC9766787 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.63.13.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the presence of plasma circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in patients with uveal melanoma during and after primary tumor treatment. Methods Detectability and variant allele frequency of ctDNA were assessed using a 129-oncogene panel using next-generation deep sequencing and hybridization capture in 69 patients with uveal melanoma undergoing primary treatment with enucleation (n = 8, during surgery) or plaque brachytherapy (n = 61; postoperative day 0, 1, 2, or 3). Follow-up assessments were performed in 39 patients over a median of 21 months (range, 3.2-31.9 months) of follow-up. Correlations between genomic data and disease parameters were performed. Results Overall, ctDNA was detectable in 20 of 69 patients with uveal melanoma (28.9%) during the perioperative period. On the day of enucleation, ctDNA was detected in two of eight patients (25%). In patients undergoing brachytherapy, ctDNA was significantly more detectable on postoperative days 2 or 3 compared with postoperative day 0 or 1 (32.4% vs 0.0%; P = 0.0015). Patients with follow-up ctDNA that became detectable or had an increased variant allele frequency were significantly more likely to develop metastasis compared with patients with follow-up ctDNA that became undetectable or decreased variant allele frequency (P = 0.04). In patients with detectable vs. undetectable ctDNA, there was no significant difference in tumor size, stage or location. Conclusions ctDNA is significantly more detectable at 48 to 72 hours after plaque brachytherapy compared with less than 48 hours. ctDNA can be detected during enucleation. Relative increases in ctDNA levels may herald the development of clinically apparent metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine H. Francis
- Department of Surgery (Ophthalmic Oncology Service), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States,Department of Ophthalmology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States
| | - Christopher A. Barker
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States
| | - A. Rose Brannon
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States
| | - Julia Canestraro
- Department of Surgery (Ophthalmic Oncology Service), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States
| | - Melissa Robbins
- Department of Surgery (Ophthalmic Oncology Service), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States
| | - Christina E. Swartzwelder
- Department of Surgery (Head and Neck Service), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States
| | - Sara Levine
- Department of Surgery (Ophthalmic Oncology Service), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States
| | - Crystal Law
- Department of Surgery (Ophthalmic Oncology Service), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States
| | - Michael F. Berger
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States
| | - Alexander Shoushtari
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States
| | - David H. Abramson
- Department of Surgery (Ophthalmic Oncology Service), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States,Department of Ophthalmology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States
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7
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Seedor RS, Orloff M, Sato T. Genetic Landscape and Emerging Therapies in Uveal Melanoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5503. [PMID: 34771666 PMCID: PMC8582814 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite successful treatment of primary uveal melanoma, up to 50% of patients will develop systemic metastasis. Metastatic disease portends a poor outcome, and no adjuvant or metastatic therapy has been FDA approved. The genetic landscape of uveal melanoma is unique, providing prognostic and potentially therapeutic insight. In this review, we discuss our current understanding of the molecular and cytogenetic mutations in uveal melanoma, and the importance of obtaining such information. Most of our knowledge is based on primary uveal melanoma and a better understanding of the mutational landscape in metastatic uveal melanoma is needed. Clinical trials targeting certain mutations such as GNAQ/GNA11, BAP1, and SF3B1 are ongoing and promising. We also discuss the role of liquid biopsies in uveal melanoma in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rino S. Seedor
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; (M.O.); (T.S.)
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Park H, Kim I, Kim HJ, Shin DY, Lee SY, Kwon OH, Kim DY, Lee KH, Ahn JS, Park J, Sohn SK, Lee JO, Cheong JW, Kim KH, Kim HG, Kim H, Lee YJ, Nam SH, Do YR, Park SG, Park SK, Bae SH, Song HH, Oh D, Jung CW, Park S. Ultra-deep sequencing mutation analysis of the BCR/ABL1 kinase domain in newly diagnosed chronic myeloid leukemia patients. Leuk Res 2021; 111:106728. [PMID: 34673444 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2021.106728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Ultra-deep sequencing detects low-frequency genetic mutations with high sensitivity. We used this approach to prospectively examine mutations in the BCR/ABL1 tyrosine kinase from patients with newly diagnosed, chronic-phase chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) treated with the tyrosine kinase inhibitor nilotinib. Between May 2013 and November 2014, 50 patients from 18 institutions were enrolled in the study. We screened 103 somatic mutations and found that mutations in the P-loop domain were the most frequent (173/454 mutations in the P-loop) and noted the presence of the V299 L mutation (dasatinib-resistant/nilotinib-sensitive) in 98 % of patients (49/50). No patients had Y253H, E255 V, or F359 V/C/I mutations, which would recommend dasatinib rather than nilotinib treatment. The S417Y mutation was associated with lower achievement of a major molecular response (MMR) at 6 months, and the V371A mutation was associated with reduced MMR and MR4.5 durations (MMR for 2 years: 100 % for no mutation vs. 75 % for mutation, P=0.039; MR4.5 for 15 months: 94.1 % vs. 25 %, P=0.002). Patients with known nilotinib-resistant mutations had lower rates of MR4.5 achievement. In conclusion, ultra-deep sequencing is a sensitive method for genetic-based treatment decisions. Based on the results of these mutational analyses, nilotinib treatment is a promising option for Korean patients with CML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunkyung Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Biomedical Research Institute, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Inho Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Biomedical Research Institute, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Hyeong-Joon Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University, Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, South Korea.
| | - Dong-Yeop Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Biomedical Research Institute, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | | | - Dae-Young Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyoo-Hyung Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae-Sook Ahn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University, Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, South Korea
| | - Jinny Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Sang-Kyun Sohn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Ok Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University, Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - June-Won Cheong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University, Severance Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyoung Ha Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hoon-Gu Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, South Korea
| | - Hawk Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Yoo Jin Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Seung-Hyun Nam
- Department of Internal Medicine, VHS Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Rok Do
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Sang-Gon Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chosun University Hospital, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Seong Kyu Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, South Korea
| | - Sung Hwa Bae
- Department of Internal Medicine, Daegu Catholic University Medical Center, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Hun Ho Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Doyeun Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Chul Won Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seonyang Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Busan, South Korea
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Riechardt AI, Kilic E, Joussen AM. The Genetics of Uveal Melanoma: Overview and Clinical Relevance. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 2021; 238:773-780. [PMID: 34376007 DOI: 10.1055/a-1513-0789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Over the last ten years, much has been learnt about the genetic characteristics and genetic evolution of uveal melanoma. It has been shown that uveal melanoma differs fundamentally from non-uveal melanoma and is an independent genetic subtype. Compared to other tumours, uveal melanoma has a low mutational burden. There are recurring chromosomal aberrations with losses of 1p, 6q, 8p and 16q, gains of 6p and 8q, and the presence of monosomy 3. GNAQ, GNA11, PLCB4, CYSLTR2, MAPKAPK5, as well as mutations in BAP1, SF3B1, SRSF2 and EIF1AX, the latter being linked to a higher risk of metastasis, have been identified as significantly mutated genes. In rare cases, a BAP1 germline mutation may also be present. In addition to higher risk of uveal melanoma, this variant is also linked with other tumours. In this case, additional work-up, genetic counselling and screening of family members should be offered. While the knowledge about the genetic characteristics of uveal melanoma is already routinely used for diagnostic and prognostic purposes, targeted genotype-dependent therapy of uveal melanoma is currently still missing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emine Kilic
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Niederlande
| | - Antonia M Joussen
- Klinik für Augenheilkunde, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Deutschland
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10
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Le Guin CHD, Bornfeld N, Bechrakis NE, Jabbarli L, Richly H, Lohmann DR, Zeschnigk M. Early detection of metastatic uveal melanoma by the analysis of tumor-specific mutations in cell-free plasma DNA. Cancer Med 2021; 10:5974-5982. [PMID: 34291585 PMCID: PMC8419753 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Eye salvaging therapy of malignant melanomas of the uvea can preserve the eye in most cases, but still about half of patients die from metastatic disease. Previous analyses of cell‐free DNA from plasma had shown detectable levels of tumor‐specific GNAQ/GNA11 mutations in patients with the clinical diagnosis of progressive disease. However, data on the time span that elapses from the detection of ctDNA in plasma to the clinical detection of metastases (diagnostic lead time) are missing. Methods We examined 135 patients with uveal melanoma. Cell‐free DNA was isolated from a total of 807 blood samples which were taken over a period of up to 41 months and analyzed for the presence of GNAQ/GNA11 mutations by deep amplicon sequencing. Results Twenty‐one of the 135 patients developed metastases or recurrence. A ctDNA signal was identified in the plasma of 17 of the 21 patients. In 10 patients, this ctDNA signal preceded the clinical diagnosis of metastasis by 2–10 months. In 10 other patients, a ctDNA signal was only detected in samples obtained shortly before or after radiotherapy. The presence of a ctDNA signal in 16 of the remaining 125 patients was linked to clinical manifestation of metastases (n = 14) or tumor recurrence (n = 2) with a sensitivity and specificity of 80% and 96%, respectively. Conclusion Detection of ctDNA in plasma can provide a diagnostic lead time over the clinical diagnosis of metastases or tumor recurrence. Longer lead times are to be expected if intervals between sampling are shortened.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia H D Le Guin
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Norbert Bornfeld
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Nikolaos E Bechrakis
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Leyla Jabbarli
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Heike Richly
- Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Dietmar R Lohmann
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Michael Zeschnigk
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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11
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Monosomy 3 Influences Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Gene Expression in Uveal Melanoma Patients; Consequences for Liquid Biopsy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249651. [PMID: 33348918 PMCID: PMC7767066 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite outstanding advances in diagnosis and the treatment of primary uveal melanoma (UM), nearly 50% of UM patients develop metastases via hematogenous dissemination, driven by the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Despite the failure in UM to date, a liquid biopsy may offer a feasible non-invasive approach for monitoring metastatic disease progression and addressing protracted dormancy. To detect circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in UM patients, we evaluated the mRNA expression of EMT-associated transcription factors in CD45-depleted blood fraction, using qRT-PCR. ddPCR was employed to assess UM-specific GNA11, GNAQ, PLCβ4, and CYSLTR2 mutations in plasma DNA. Moreover, microarray analysis was performed on total RNA isolated from tumor tissues to estimate the prognostic value of EMT-associated gene expression. In total, 42 primary UM and 11 metastatic patients were enrolled. All CD45-depleted samples were negative for CTC when compared to the peripheral blood fraction of 60 healthy controls. Tumor-specific mutations were detected in the plasma of 21.4% patients, merely, in 9.4% of primary UM, while 54.5% in metastatic patients. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering of differentially expressed EMT genes showed significant differences between monosomy 3 and disomy 3 tumors. Newly identified genes can serve as non-invasive prognostic biomarkers that can support therapeutic decisions.
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12
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Liquid Biopsy for Solid Ophthalmic Malignancies: An Updated Review and Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113284. [PMID: 33172021 PMCID: PMC7694640 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary To date, there is no treatment for metastatic uveal melanoma. Identifying its metastatic spread is essential. Liquid biopsy can identify patients at risk of metastatic spread early. Here, we aim to summarize the current knowledge of liquid biopsy in ophthalmic malignant tumors, including uveal melanoma. Our objective is to establish the current state of liquid biopsy in the ophthalmic field, as well as its perspectives and limitations. Abstract Tissue biopsy is considered the gold standard when establishing a diagnosis of cancer. However, tissue biopsies of intraocular ophthalmic malignancies are hard to collect and are thought to be associated with a non-negligible risk of extraocular dissemination. Recently, the liquid biopsy (LB) has emerged as a viable, non-invasive, repeatable, and promising way of obtaining a diagnosis, prognosis, and theragnosis of patients with solid tumors. LB refers to blood, as well as any human liquid. The natural history of uveal melanoma (UM) and retinoblastoma (RB) are radically opposed. On the one hand, UM is known to disseminate through the bloodstream, and is, therefore, more accessible to systemic venous liquid biopsy. On the other hand, RB rarely disseminates hematogenous, and is, therefore, more accessible to local liquid biopsy by performing an anterior chamber puncture. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge concerning LB in UM, RB, conjunctival tumors, and choroidal metastases. We also develop the current limitations encountered, as well as the perspectives.
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13
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Jin E, Burnier JV. Liquid Biopsy in Uveal Melanoma: Are We There Yet? Ocul Oncol Pathol 2020; 7:1-16. [PMID: 33796511 DOI: 10.1159/000508613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the era of precision oncology, major strides are being made to use individual tumor information for clinical decision-making. Differing from traditional biopsy methods, the emerging practice of liquid biopsy provides a minimally invasive way of obtaining tumor cells and derived molecules. Liquid biopsy provides a means to detect and monitor disease progression, recurrence, and treatment response in a noninvasive way, and to potentially complement classical biopsy. Uveal melanoma (UM) is a unique malignancy, with diagnosis heavily reliant on imaging, few repeat biopsies, and a high rate of metastasis, which occurs hematogenously and often many years after diagnosis. In this disease setting, a noninvasive biomarker to detect, monitor, and study the disease in real time could lead to better disease understanding and patient care. While advances have been made in the detection of tumor-disseminated components, sensitivity and specificity remain important challenges. Ambiguity remains in how to interpret current findings and in how liquid biopsy can have a place in clinical practice. Related publications in UM are few compared to other cancers, but with further studies we may be able to uncover more about the biology of disseminated molecules and the mechanisms involved in the progression to metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Jin
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Julia V Burnier
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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14
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Larribère L, Utikal J. Update on GNA Alterations in Cancer: Implications for Uveal Melanoma Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1524. [PMID: 32532044 PMCID: PMC7352965 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumorigenesis is correlated with abnormal expression and activity of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and associated G proteins. Oncogenic mutations in both GPCRs and G proteins (GNAS, GNAQ or GNA11) encoding genes have been identified in a significant number of tumors. Interestingly, uveal melanoma driver mutations in GNAQ/GNA11 were identified for a decade, but their discovery did not lead to mutation-specific drug development, unlike it the case for BRAF mutations in cutaneous melanoma which saw enormous success. Moreover, new immunotherapies strategies such as immune checkpoint inhibitors have given underwhelming results. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on cancer-associated alterations of GPCRs and G proteins and we focus on the case of uveal melanoma. Finally, we discuss the possibilities that this signaling might represent in regard to novel drug development for cancer prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lionel Larribère
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jochen Utikal
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
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15
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Wu MY, Lai TT, Liao WT, Li CJ. Clinicopathological and prognostic significance and molecular mechanisms governing uveal melanoma. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2020; 12:1758835920917566. [PMID: 32550863 PMCID: PMC7281640 DOI: 10.1177/1758835920917566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common primary intraocular malignancy in
adults. Although UM and cutaneous melanoma are derived from
melanocytes, UM differs clinically and biologically from its more
common skin counterparts. More than half of primary UMs metastasize.
However, there is currently no effective treatment for metastatic UM.
Therefore, studying mutations related to the metastasis, growth,
proliferation, and survival of UM can help researchers understand its
pathogenesis and metastatic mechanism, thereby leading to a more
effective treatment. In addition, we provide an overview of the recent
basic and clinical studies to provide a strong foundation for
developing novel anti-carcinogenesis targets for future
interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Yu Wu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien
| | - Tzu-Ting Lai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Ting Liao
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung Chinese Medicine Department, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua
| | - Chia-Jung Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, No.386, Dazhong 1st Road, Zuoying District, Kaohsiung City 81362 Institute of BioPharmaceutical sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung
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16
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Bustamante P, Piquet L, Landreville S, Burnier JV. Uveal melanoma pathobiology: Metastasis to the liver. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 71:65-85. [PMID: 32450140 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UM) is a type of intraocular tumor with a propensity to disseminate to the liver. Despite the identification of the early driver mutations during the development of the pathology, the process of UM metastasis is still not fully comprehended. A better understanding of the genetic, molecular, and environmental factors participating to its spread and metastatic outgrowth could provide additional approaches for UM treatment. In this review, we will discuss the advances made towards the understanding of the pathogenesis of metastatic UM, summarize the current and prospective treatments, and introduce some of the ongoing research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prisca Bustamante
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Canada; Experimental Pathology Unit, Department of Pathology, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Léo Piquet
- Département d'ophtalmologie et d'ORL-CCF, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada; CUO-Recherche and Axe médecine régénératrice, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada; Centre de recherche sur le cancer de l'Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada; Centre de recherche en organogénèse expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Solange Landreville
- Département d'ophtalmologie et d'ORL-CCF, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada; CUO-Recherche and Axe médecine régénératrice, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada; Centre de recherche sur le cancer de l'Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada; Centre de recherche en organogénèse expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Julia V Burnier
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Canada; Experimental Pathology Unit, Department of Pathology, McGill University, Montréal, Canada; Gerald Bronfman Department Of Oncology, McGill University, Montréal, Canada.
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17
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Stark MS, Gray ES, Isaacs T, Chen FK, Millward M, McEvoy A, Zaenker P, Ziman M, Soyer HP, Glasson WJ, Warrier SK, Stark AL, Rolfe OJ, Palmer JM, Hayward NK. A Panel of Circulating MicroRNAs Detects Uveal Melanoma With High Precision. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2019; 8:12. [PMID: 31737436 PMCID: PMC6855372 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.8.6.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine if a circulating microRNA (miRNA) panel could be used to distinguish between uveal melanoma and uveal nevi. METHODS We report on a multicenter, cross-sectional study conducted between June 2012 and September 2015. The follow-up time was approximately 3 to 5 years. Blood was drawn from participants presenting with a uveal nevus (n = 10), localized uveal melanoma (n = 50), or metastatic uveal melanoma (n = 5). Levels of 17 miRNAs were measured in blood samples of study participants using a sensitive real-time PCR system. RESULTS A panel of six miRNAs (miR-16, miR-145, miR-146a, miR-204, miR-211, and miR-363-3p) showed significant differences between participants with uveal nevi compared with patients with localized and metastatic uveal melanoma. Importantly, miR-211 was able to accurately distinguish metastatic disease from localized uveal melanoma (P < 0.0001; area under the curve = 0.96). When the six-miRNA panel was evaluated as a group it had the ability to identify uveal melanoma when four or more miRNAs (93% sensitivity and 100% specificity) reached or exceeded their cut-point. CONCLUSIONS This miRNA panel, in tandem with clinical findings, may be suited to confirm benign lesions. In addition, due to the panel's high precision in identifying malignancy, it has the potential to augment melanoma detection in subsequent clinical follow-up of lesions with atypical clinical features. TRANSLATIONAL RELEVANCE Uveal nevi mimic the appearance of uveal melanoma and their transformation potential cannot be definitively determined without a biopsy. This panel is most relevant at the nevus stage and in lesions with uncertain malignant potential as a companion diagnostic tool to assist in clinical decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell S. Stark
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Dermatology Research Centre, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Elin S. Gray
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Timothy Isaacs
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Perth Retina, West Leederville, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Fred K. Chen
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Lions Eye Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Michael Millward
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Ashleigh McEvoy
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Pauline Zaenker
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Melanie Ziman
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Biomedical Science, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - H. Peter Soyer
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Dermatology Research Centre, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Dermatology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - William J. Glasson
- Queensland Ocular Oncology Service, The Terrace Eye Centre, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sunil K. Warrier
- Queensland Ocular Oncology Service, The Terrace Eye Centre, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Andrew L. Stark
- Queensland Ocular Oncology Service, The Terrace Eye Centre, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Olivia J. Rolfe
- Queensland Ocular Oncology Service, The Terrace Eye Centre, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jane M. Palmer
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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18
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Uveal melanoma: Towards a molecular understanding. Prog Retin Eye Res 2019; 75:100800. [PMID: 31563544 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2019.100800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Uveal melanoma is an aggressive malignancy that originates from melanocytes in the eye. Even if the primary tumor has been successfully treated with radiation or surgery, up to half of all UM patients will eventually develop metastatic disease. Despite the common origin from neural crest-derived cells, uveal and cutaneous melanoma have few overlapping genetic signatures and uveal melanoma has been shown to have a lower mutational burden. As a consequence, many therapies that have proven effective in cutaneous melanoma -such as immunotherapy- have little or no success in uveal melanoma. Several independent studies have recently identified the underlying genetic aberrancies in uveal melanoma, which allow improved tumor classification and prognostication of metastatic disease. In most cases, activating mutations in the Gα11/Q pathway drive uveal melanoma oncogenesis, whereas mutations in the BAP1, SF3B1 or EIF1AX genes predict progression towards metastasis. Intriguingly, the composition of chromosomal anomalies of chromosome 3, 6 and 8, shown to correlate with an adverse outcome, are distinctive in the BAP1mut, SF3B1mut and EIF1AXmut uveal melanoma subtypes. Expression profiling and epigenetic studies underline this subdivision in high-, intermediate-, or low-metastatic risk subgroups and suggest a different approach in the future towards prevention and/or treatment based on the specific mutation present in the tumor of the patients. In this review we discuss the current knowledge of the underlying genetic events that lead to uveal melanoma, their implication for the disease course and prognosis, as well as the therapeutic possibilities that arise from targeting these different aberrant pathways.
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19
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Rushton JG, Ertl R, Klein D, Tichy A, Nell B. Circulating cell-free DNA does not harbour a diagnostic benefit in cats with feline diffuse iris melanomas. J Feline Med Surg 2019; 21:124-132. [PMID: 29529957 PMCID: PMC10814613 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x18762017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Feline diffuse iris melanoma (FDIM) is the most common malignant primary intraocular tumour in cats, with reported metastases rates between 19% and 63%. Currently, the only available diagnostic tool for a tentative diagnosis is histopathological examination of the enucleated eye. Therefore, the veterinary ophthalmologist is often faced with the dilemma of whether to enucleate an oftentimes visual eye or to continue monitoring, with the risk of metastases developing. In the past, cell-free DNA (cfDNA) gained more attention in human medicine, especially in the field of oncology. Prior studies have shown the use of cfDNA as diagnostic or prognostic markers in canine and human cancer patients. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate cfDNA concentration and integrity in cats with FDIMs compared with cats with benign iris naevi and without ocular abnormalities. METHODS cfDNA from plasma of cats with iris melanoma (n = 34), iris naevus (n = 30) and without ocular abnormalities (n = 32) were extracted. Primer and probes for feline amyloid beta precursor protein ( APP) and beta actin ( ACTB) were designed for amplicons of various lengths and quantitative PCRs of extracted cfDNA were performed to measure cfDNA concentration and integrity of the plasma samples. Differences of cfDNA concentrations and integrity levels between the three groups (iris melanoma, iris naevi and controls) were analysed using the Mann-Whitney U-test. RESULTS cfDNA concentration and integrity analysis revealed no significant differences between the cats with iris melanoma, iris naevus or the control group ( P >0.01). Cats with metastases showed similar cfDNA concentration and integrity to cats without metastases. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE cfDNA concentration and integrity seem to be insufficient as a diagnostic or prognostic marker in cats with FDIMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica G Rushton
- Department for Companion Animals and Horses, Vetmeduni Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Reinhard Ertl
- VetCore Facility for Research, Vetmeduni Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dieter Klein
- VetCore Facility for Research, Vetmeduni Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Tichy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vetmeduni Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Nell
- Department for Companion Animals and Horses, Vetmeduni Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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20
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Parish AJ, Nguyen V, Goodman AM, Murugesan K, Frampton GM, Kurzrock R. GNAS, GNAQ, and GNA11 alterations in patients with diverse cancers. Cancer 2018; 124:4080-4089. [PMID: 30204251 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.31724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Revised: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Advances in deep sequencing technology have uncovered a widespread, protumorigenic role of guanine nucleotide-binding (G protein) α (GNA) subunits, particularly GNA subunits Gs (GNAS), Gq (GNAQ), and G11 (GNA11) (GNA*), in a diverse collection of malignancies. The objectives of the current study were: 1) to determine GNA* aberration status in a cohort of 1348 patients with cancer and 2) to examine tumor mutational burden, overall survival rates, and treatment outcomes in patients with GNA*-positive tumors versus those with tumors that had wild-type GNA*. METHODS For each patient, clinical and genomic data were collected from medical records. Next-generation sequencing was performed for each patient (range, 182-236 genes). RESULTS Aberrations of GNA* genes were identified in a subset of patients who had 8 of the 12 cancer types examined, and a significant association was observed for appendiceal cancer and ocular melanoma (P < .0001 for both; multivariate analysis). Overall, 4.1% of the cancer population was affected. GNA* abnormalities were associated with higher numbers of co-alterations in univariate (but not multivariate) analysis and were most commonly accompanied by Aurora kinase A (AURKA), Cbl proto-oncogene (CBL), and LYN proto-oncogene (LYN) co-alterations (all P < .0001; multivariate analysis). GNA* alterations were correlated with a trend toward lower median overall survival (P = .085). The median tumor mutational burden was 4 mutations per megabase in both GNA*-altered and GNA* wild-type tumors. For this limited sample of GNA*-positive patients, longer survival was not correlated with any specific treatment regimens. CONCLUSIONS In the current sample, the genes GNAS, GNAQ, and GNA11 were widely altered across cancer types, and these alterations often were accompanied by specific genomic abnormalities in AURKA, CBL, and LYN. Therefore, targeting GNA* alterations may require drugs that address the GNA* signal and important co-alterations. Cancer 2018;00:000-000. © 2018 American Cancer Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin J Parish
- Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy, University of California San Diego Moores Cancer Center, Louisiana Jolla, California
| | - Vi Nguyen
- Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy, University of California San Diego Moores Cancer Center, Louisiana Jolla, California
| | - Aaron M Goodman
- Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy, University of California San Diego Moores Cancer Center, Louisiana Jolla, California.,Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, Moores Cancer Center, Louisiana Jolla, California.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, Moores Cancer Center, Louisiana Jolla, California
| | | | | | - Razelle Kurzrock
- Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy, University of California San Diego Moores Cancer Center, Louisiana Jolla, California.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, Moores Cancer Center, Louisiana Jolla, California
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21
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Tura A, Merz H, Reinsberg M, Lüke M, Jager MJ, Grisanti S, Lüke J. Analysis of monosomy-3 in immunomagnetically isolated circulating melanoma cells in uveal melanoma patients. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2017; 29:583-9. [PMID: 27390171 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Monosomy-3 in primary uveal melanoma (UM) is associated with a high risk of metastasis and mortality. Although circulating melanoma cells (CMC) can be found in most UM patients, only approximately 50% of the patients develop metastases. We utilized a novel immuno-FISH assay to detect chromosome-3 in intact CMC isolated by dual immunomagnetic enrichment. Circulating melanoma cells were detected in 91% of the patients (n = 44) with primary non-metastatic UM, of which 58% were positive for monosomy-3. The monosomy-3 status of CMC corresponded to the monosomy-3 status of the primary tumor in 10 of the 11 patients where this could be tested. Monosomy-3 in the CMC was associated with an advanced tumor stage (P = 0.046) and was detected in all four patients who developed metastasis within the follow-up period of 4 yr. This non-invasive technique may enable the identification of UM patients at risk for metastasis particularly when a primary tumor specimen is unavailable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysegül Tura
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
| | - Hartmut Merz
- Department of Pathology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | | | - Matthias Lüke
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Martine J Jager
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Julia Lüke
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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Cree IA, Uttley L, Buckley Woods H, Kikuchi H, Reiman A, Harnan S, Whiteman BL, Philips ST, Messenger M, Cox A, Teare D, Sheils O, Shaw J. The evidence base for circulating tumour DNA blood-based biomarkers for the early detection of cancer: a systematic mapping review. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:697. [PMID: 29061138 PMCID: PMC5654013 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3693-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The presence of circulating cell-free DNA from tumours in blood (ctDNA) is of major importance to those interested in early cancer detection, as well as to those wishing to monitor tumour progression or diagnose the presence of activating mutations to guide treatment. In 2014, the UK Early Cancer Detection Consortium undertook a systematic mapping review of the literature to identify blood-based biomarkers with potential for the development of a non-invasive blood test for cancer screening, and which identified this as a major area of interest. This review builds on the mapping review to expand the ctDNA dataset to examine the best options for the detection of multiple cancer types. METHODS The original mapping review was based on comprehensive searches of the electronic databases Medline, Embase, CINAHL, the Cochrane library, and Biosis to obtain relevant literature on blood-based biomarkers for cancer detection in humans (PROSPERO no. CRD42014010827). The abstracts for each paper were reviewed to determine whether validation data were reported, and then examined in full. Publications concentrating on monitoring of disease burden or mutations were excluded. RESULTS The search identified 94 ctDNA studies meeting the criteria for review. All but 5 studies examined one cancer type, with breast, colorectal and lung cancers representing 60% of studies. The size and design of the studies varied widely. Controls were included in 77% of publications. The largest study included 640 patients, but the median study size was 65 cases and 35 controls, and the bulk of studies (71%) included less than 100 patients. Studies either estimated cfDNA levels non-specifically or tested for cancer-specific mutations or methylation changes (the majority using PCR-based methods). CONCLUSION We have systematically reviewed ctDNA blood biomarkers for the early detection of cancer. Pre-analytical, analytical, and post-analytical considerations were identified which need to be addressed before such biomarkers enter clinical practice. The value of small studies with no comparison between methods, or even the inclusion of controls is highly questionable, and larger validation studies will be required before such methods can be considered for early cancer detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian A. Cree
- WHO Classification of Tumours Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), World Health Organization, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69372 Lyon, CEDEX 08 France
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Priory Street, Coventry, CV1 5FB UK
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, EC1V 9EL, London, UK
| | - Lesley Uttley
- The School of Health and Related Research, The University of Sheffield, Regent Court, 30 Regent Street, Sheffield, S1 4DA UK
| | - Helen Buckley Woods
- The School of Health and Related Research, The University of Sheffield, Regent Court, 30 Regent Street, Sheffield, S1 4DA UK
| | - Hugh Kikuchi
- Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire, Coventry, CV2 2DX UK
| | - Anne Reiman
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Priory Street, Coventry, CV1 5FB UK
| | - Susan Harnan
- The School of Health and Related Research, The University of Sheffield, Regent Court, 30 Regent Street, Sheffield, S1 4DA UK
| | - Becky L. Whiteman
- London North West Healthcare NHS Trust, Northwick Park Hospital, Watford Road, Harrow, HA1 3UJ UK
| | | | - Michael Messenger
- Leeds Centre for Personalised Medicine and Health, University of Leeds and NIHR Diagnostic Evidence Co-Operative Leeds, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, LS9 7TF UK
| | - Angela Cox
- Sheffield Institute for Nucleic Acids, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The University of Sheffield, Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX UK
| | - Dawn Teare
- The School of Health and Related Research, The University of Sheffield, Regent Court, 30 Regent Street, Sheffield, S1 4DA UK
| | - Orla Sheils
- Sir Patrick Dun Research Laboratory, Central Pathology Laboratory, St James’s Hospital & Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Jacqui Shaw
- University of Leicester, Robert Kilpatrick Clinical Sciences Building, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, LE2 7LX UK
| | - For the UK Early Cancer Detection Consortium
- WHO Classification of Tumours Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), World Health Organization, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69372 Lyon, CEDEX 08 France
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Priory Street, Coventry, CV1 5FB UK
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, EC1V 9EL, London, UK
- The School of Health and Related Research, The University of Sheffield, Regent Court, 30 Regent Street, Sheffield, S1 4DA UK
- Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire, Coventry, CV2 2DX UK
- London North West Healthcare NHS Trust, Northwick Park Hospital, Watford Road, Harrow, HA1 3UJ UK
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL UK
- Leeds Centre for Personalised Medicine and Health, University of Leeds and NIHR Diagnostic Evidence Co-Operative Leeds, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, LS9 7TF UK
- Sheffield Institute for Nucleic Acids, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The University of Sheffield, Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX UK
- Sir Patrick Dun Research Laboratory, Central Pathology Laboratory, St James’s Hospital & Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland
- University of Leicester, Robert Kilpatrick Clinical Sciences Building, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, LE2 7LX UK
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Baeissa H, Benstead-Hume G, Richardson CJ, Pearl FMG. Identification and analysis of mutational hotspots in oncogenes and tumour suppressors. Oncotarget 2017; 8:21290-21304. [PMID: 28423505 PMCID: PMC5400584 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The key to interpreting the contribution of a disease-associated mutation in the development and progression of cancer is an understanding of the consequences of that mutation both on the function of the affected protein and on the pathways in which that protein is involved. Protein domains encapsulate function and position-specific domain based analysis of mutations have been shown to help elucidate their phenotypes. Results In this paper we examine the domain biases in oncogenes and tumour suppressors, and find that their domain compositions substantially differ. Using data from over 30 different cancers from whole-exome sequencing cancer genomic projects we mapped over one million mutations to their respective Pfam domains to identify which domains are enriched in any of three different classes of mutation; missense, indels or truncations. Next, we identified the mutational hotspots within domain families by mapping small mutations to equivalent positions in multiple sequence alignments of protein domains We find that gain of function mutations from oncogenes and loss of function mutations from tumour suppressors are normally found in different domain families and when observed in the same domain families, hotspot mutations are located at different positions within the multiple sequence alignment of the domain. Conclusions By considering hotspots in tumour suppressors and oncogenes independently, we find that there are different specific positions within domain families that are particularly suited to accommodate either a loss or a gain of function mutation. The position is also dependent on the class of mutation. We find rare mutations co-located with well-known functional mutation hotspots, in members of homologous domain superfamilies, and we detect novel mutation hotspots in domain families previously unconnected with cancer. The results of this analysis can be accessed through the MOKCa database (http://strubiol.icr.ac.uk/extra/MOKCa).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanadi Baeissa
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, UK
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Pitcovski J, Shahar E, Aizenshtein E, Gorodetsky R. Melanoma antigens and related immunological markers. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2017; 115:36-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UM), a rare cancer of the eye, is distinct from cutaneous melanoma by its etiology, the mutation frequency and profile, and its clinical behavior including resistance to targeted therapy and immune checkpoint blockers. Primary disease is efficiently controlled by surgery or radiation therapy, but about half of UMs develop distant metastasis mostly to the liver. Survival of patients with metastasis is below 1 year and has not improved in decades. Recent years have brought a deep understanding of UM biology characterized by initiating mutations in the G proteins GNAQ and GNA11. Cytogenetic alterations, in particular monosomy of chromosome 3 and amplification of the long arm of chromosome 8, and mutation of the BRCA1-associated protein 1, BAP1, a tumor suppressor gene, or the splicing factor SF3B1 determine UM metastasis. Cytogenetic and molecular profiling allow for a very precise prognostication that is still not matched by efficacious adjuvant therapies. G protein signaling has been shown to activate the YAP/TAZ pathway independent of HIPPO, and conventional signaling via the mitogen-activated kinase pathway probably also contributes to UM development and progression. Several lines of evidence indicate that inflammation and macrophages play a pro-tumor role in UM and in its hepatic metastases. UM cells benefit from the immune privilege in the eye and may adopt several mechanisms involved in this privilege for tumor escape that act even after leaving the niche. Here, we review the current knowledge of the biology of UM and discuss recent approaches to UM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Amaro
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Integrated Oncology Therapies, IRCCS AOU San Martino - IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, L.go Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Rosaria Gangemi
- Laboratory of Biotherapies, Department of Integrated Oncology Therapies, IRCCS AOU San Martino - IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesca Piaggio
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Integrated Oncology Therapies, IRCCS AOU San Martino - IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, L.go Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Giovanna Angelini
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Integrated Oncology Therapies, IRCCS AOU San Martino - IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, L.go Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Gaia Barisione
- Laboratory of Biotherapies, Department of Integrated Oncology Therapies, IRCCS AOU San Martino - IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genoa, Italy
| | - Silvano Ferrini
- Laboratory of Biotherapies, Department of Integrated Oncology Therapies, IRCCS AOU San Martino - IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genoa, Italy
| | - Ulrich Pfeffer
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Integrated Oncology Therapies, IRCCS AOU San Martino - IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, L.go Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy.
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Couto JA, Ayturk UM, Konczyk DJ, Goss JA, Huang AY, Hann S, Reeve JL, Liang MG, Bischoff J, Warman ML, Greene AK. A somatic GNA11 mutation is associated with extremity capillary malformation and overgrowth. Angiogenesis 2017; 20:303-306. [PMID: 28120216 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-016-9538-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Capillary malformation is a cutaneous vascular anomaly that is present at birth, darkens over time, and can cause overgrowth of tissues beneath the stain. The lesion is caused by a somatic activating mutation in GNAQ. In a previous study, we were unable to identify a GNAQ mutation in patients with a capillary malformation involving an overgrown lower extremity. We hypothesized that mutations in GNA11 or GNA14, genes closely related to GNAQ, also may cause capillary malformations. METHODS Human capillary malformation tissue obtained from 8 patients that had tested negative for GNAQ mutations were studied. Lesions involved an extremity (n = 7) or trunk (n = 1). Droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) was used to detect GNA11 or GNA14 mutant cells (p.Arg183) in the specimens. Single molecule molecular inversion probe sequencing (smMIP-seq) was performed to search for other mutations in GNA11. Mutations were validated by subcloning and sequencing amplimers. RESULTS We found a somatic GNA11 missense mutation (c.547C > T; p.Arg183Cys) in 3 patients with a diffuse capillary malformation of an extremity. Mutant allelic frequencies ranged from 0.3 to 5.0%. GNA11 or GNA14 mutations were not found in 5 affected tissues or in unaffected tissues (white blood cell DNA). CONCULSIONS GNA11 mutations are associated with extremity capillary malformations causing overgrowth. Pharmacotherapy that affects GNA11 signaling may prevent the progression of capillary malformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier A Couto
- Department of Plastic and Oral Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ugur M Ayturk
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dennis J Konczyk
- Department of Plastic and Oral Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeremy A Goss
- Department of Plastic and Oral Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - August Y Huang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Steve Hann
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer L Reeve
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Marilyn G Liang
- Department of Dermatology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joyce Bischoff
- Department of Surgery, Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthew L Warman
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Arin K Greene
- Department of Plastic and Oral Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Murine melanomas accelerated by a single UVR exposure carry photoproduct footprints but lack UV signature C>T mutations in critical genes. Oncogene 2015; 35:3342-50. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Revised: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Ono A, Fujimoto A, Yamamoto Y, Akamatsu S, Hiraga N, Imamura M, Kawaoka T, Tsuge M, Abe H, Hayes CN, Miki D, Furuta M, Tsunoda T, Miyano S, Kubo M, Aikata H, Ochi H, Kawakami YI, Arihiro K, Ohdan H, Nakagawa H, Chayama K. Circulating Tumor DNA Analysis for Liver Cancers and Its Usefulness as a Liquid Biopsy. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2015; 1:516-534. [PMID: 28210698 PMCID: PMC5301414 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2015.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) carrying tumor-specific sequence alterations has been found in the cell-free fraction of blood. Liver cancer tumor specimens are difficult to obtain, and noninvasive methods are required to assess cancer progression and characterize underlying genomic features. METHODS We analyzed 46 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma who underwent hepatectomy or liver transplantation and for whom whole-genome sequencing data was available. We designed personalized assays targeting somatic rearrangements of each tumor to quantify serum ctDNA. Exome sequencing was performed using cell-free DNA paired primary tumor tissue DNA from a patient with recurrent liver cancer after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE). RESULTS We successfully detected ctDNA from 100 μL of serum samples in 7 of the 46 patients before surgery, increasing with disease progression. The cumulative incidence of recurrence and extrahepatic metastasis in the ctDNA-positive group were statistically significantly worse than in the ctDNA-negative group (P = .0102 and .0386, respectively). Multivariate analysis identified ctDNA (OR 6.10; 95% CI, 1.11-33.33, P = .038) as an independent predictor of microscopic vascular invasion of the portal vein (VP). We identified 45 nonsynonymous somatic mutations in cell-free DNA after TACE and 71 nonsynonymous somatic mutations in primary tumor tissue by exome sequencing. We identified 25 common mutations in both samples, and 83% of mutations identified in the primary tumor could be detected in the cell-free DNA. CONCLUSIONS The presence of ctDNA reflects tumor progression, and detection of ctDNA can predict VP and recurrence, especially extrahepatic metastasis within 2 years. Our study demonstrated the usefulness of ctDNA detection and sequencing analysis of cell-free DNA for personalized treatment of liver cancer.
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Key Words
- AFP, α-fetoprotein
- ALT, alanine aminotransferase
- AST, aspartate aminotransferase
- Circulating Tumor DNA
- DCP, des-γ-carboxy prothrombin
- Exome Sequencing
- HAIC, hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy
- HBV, hepatitis B virus
- HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma
- HCV, hepatitis C virus
- Hepatocellular Carcinoma
- PCR, polymerase-chain-reaction
- TACE, transcatheter arterial chemoembolization
- VP, microscopic vascular invasion to portal vein
- Whole-Genome Sequencing
- cHCC/CC, combined hepatocellular and cholangiocarcinoma
- ctDNA, circulating tumor DNA
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Ono
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Applied Life Science, Institute of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan,Liver Research Project Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan,Laboratory for Digestive Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Akihiro Fujimoto
- Laboratory for Genome Sequencing Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan,Laboratory for Medical Science Mathematics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yujiro Yamamoto
- Laboratory for Genome Sequencing Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sakura Akamatsu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Applied Life Science, Institute of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan,Liver Research Project Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan,Laboratory for Digestive Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Hiraga
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Applied Life Science, Institute of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan,Liver Research Project Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Michio Imamura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Applied Life Science, Institute of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan,Liver Research Project Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Kawaoka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Applied Life Science, Institute of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan,Liver Research Project Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Masataka Tsuge
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Applied Life Science, Institute of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan,Liver Research Project Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiromi Abe
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Applied Life Science, Institute of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan,Liver Research Project Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan,Laboratory for Digestive Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - C. Nelson Hayes
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Applied Life Science, Institute of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan,Liver Research Project Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan,Laboratory for Digestive Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Daiki Miki
- Liver Research Project Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan,Laboratory for Digestive Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Mayuko Furuta
- Laboratory for Genome Sequencing Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Tsunoda
- Laboratory for Medical Science Mathematics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Satoru Miyano
- Laboratory of DNA Information Analysis, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michiaki Kubo
- Laboratory for Genotyping Development, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Aikata
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Applied Life Science, Institute of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan,Liver Research Project Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hidenori Ochi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Applied Life Science, Institute of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan,Liver Research Project Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan,Laboratory for Digestive Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yoshi-iku Kawakami
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Applied Life Science, Institute of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan,Liver Research Project Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Koji Arihiro
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Hiroshima University School of Medicine, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hideki Ohdan
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Hiroshima University School of Medicine, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hidewaki Nakagawa
- Laboratory for Genome Sequencing Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan,Hidewaki Nakagawa, MD, PhD, Laboratory for Genome Sequencing Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan. fax: +81-3-5449-5785.
| | - Kazuaki Chayama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Applied Life Science, Institute of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan,Liver Research Project Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan,Laboratory for Digestive Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Kazuaki Chayama, MD, PhD, Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Applied Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734–8551, Japan. fax: +81-82-255-6220.
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Eide N, Faye RS, Høifødt HK, Sandstad B, Qvale G, Faber R, Jebsen P, Kvalheim G, Fodstad Ø. Immunomagnetic detection of micrometastatic cells in bone marrow of uveal melanoma patients: a paradox. Acta Ophthalmol 2015; 93:59-66. [PMID: 25613126 DOI: 10.1111/aos.12462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Our objective was to study survival rates with the bone marrow (BM) results in a cohort of uveal melanoma patients with long follow-up. METHODS Mononuclear cell fractions isolated from BM were examined for tumour cells using our immunomagnetic separation (IMS) method. The patients were classified as BM positive or BM negative. Clinical follow-up, histopathological findings, vital status and cause of death were registered. RESULTS The study included 328 consecutive patients with uveal melanoma from 1997 to 2006. Tumour cells were found in BM samples in 29% (95% CI, 25-34) at enrolment (96 cases). After a minimum follow-up time of 6 years, 156 (48%) (95% CI, 42-53) melanoma patients had died. The causes were as follows: melanoma metastases 92 (59%), another cancer 20 (13%) and non-cancer 44 (28%). Nine patients were still living with melanoma metastases. Until the latest work-up, 101(31%) (95% CI, 26-36) patients had developed melanoma metastases. Cyto- or histopathological verification of the metastatic lesions was obtained in 85 cases (84%). In the group with melanoma metastases, 28 tested BM positive at study entry (28%) (95% CI, 19-38). In total, 39 of 101 with metastases tested positive at least once after a maximum of three tests (39%) (95% CI, 29-49). The overall median survival from the first BM test was shorter for the BM negative patients (9.5 years) compared with the BM positive (14.4 years), p = 0.02, log rank test. CONCLUSION Ocular melanoma cells detected in BM seem to have a positive prognostic impact on survival in contrast to our original hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Eide
- Eye Department; University Hospital HF; Oslo Norway
| | - Ragnar S. Faye
- Department of Dermatology; Oslo University Hospital HF; Oslo Norway
- Department of Tumor Biology; Oslo University Hospital HF and University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
| | - Hanne K. Høifødt
- Department of Tumor Biology; Oslo University Hospital HF and University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
| | - Berit Sandstad
- Department of Statistics; Oslo University Hospital HF; Oslo Norway
| | - Geir Qvale
- Eye Department; University Hospital HF; Oslo Norway
| | - Rowan Faber
- Eye Department; University Hospital HF; Oslo Norway
| | - Peter Jebsen
- Division of Pathology; Oslo University Hospital HF; Oslo Norway
| | - Gunnar Kvalheim
- Department of Oncology; Oslo University Hospital HF; Oslo Norway
| | - Øystein Fodstad
- Department of Tumor Biology; Oslo University Hospital HF and University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
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Francis JH, Abramson DH. Update on Ophthalmic Oncology 2013: Retinoblastoma and Uveal Melanoma. Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila) 2014; 3:241-56. [PMID: 26107765 DOI: 10.1097/apo.0000000000000079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to discuss the clinical and translational content of the literature as well as advancement in our knowledge pertaining to retinoblastoma and uveal melanoma that were published from January to December 2013. DESIGN This study is a literature review. METHODS The search terms retinoblastoma and uveal melanoma were used in a MEDLINE literature search. Abstracts were studied, and the most relevant articles were selected for inclusion and further in-depth review. RESULTS In retinoblastoma, fewer eyes are lost because of the expanded use of ophthalmic artery chemosurgery and intravitreal melphalan, and the past year marks a deepening in our understanding of these modalities. Knowledge on the genetic underpinnings of uveal melanoma has broadened to include genes associated with a favorable prognosis. This is accompanied by promising results in the treatment of metastatic uveal melanoma. CONCLUSIONS This past year, there were important advancements in our knowledge of retinoblastoma and uveal melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine H Francis
- From the Ophthalmic Oncology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
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