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Price M, Neff C, Nagarajan N, Kruchko C, Waite KA, Cioffi G, Cordeiro BB, Willmarth N, Penas-Prado M, Gilbert MR, Armstrong TS, Barnholtz-Sloan JS, Ostrom QT. CBTRUS Statistical Report: American Brain Tumor Association & NCI Neuro-Oncology Branch Adolescent and Young Adult Primary Brain and Other Central Nervous System Tumors Diagnosed in the United States in 2016-2020. Neuro Oncol 2024; 26:iii1-iii53. [PMID: 38709657 PMCID: PMC11073545 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noae047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent analyses have shown that, whereas cancer survival overall has been improving, it has not improved for adolescents and young adults ages 15-39 years (AYA). The clinical care of AYA with primary brain and other central nervous system (CNS) tumors (BT) is complicated by the fact that the histopathologies of such tumors in AYA differ from their histopathologies in either children (ages 0-14 years) or older adults (ages 40+ years). The present report, as an update to a 2016 publication from the Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States and the American Brain Tumor Association, provides in-depth analyses of the epidemiology of primary BT in AYA in the United States and is the first to provide biomolecular marker-specific statistics and prevalence by histopathology for both primary malignant and non-malignant BT in AYA. Between 2016 and 2020, the annual average age-specific incidence rate (AASIR) of primary malignant and non-malignant BT in AYA was 12.00 per 100,000 population, an average of 12,848 newly diagnosed cases per year. During the same period, an average of 1,018 AYA deaths per year were caused by primary malignant BT, representing an annual average age-specific mortality rate of 0.96 per 100,000 population. When primary BT were categorized by histopathology, pituitary tumors were the most common (36.6%), with an AASIR of 4.34 per 100,000 population. Total incidence increased with age overall; when stratified by sex, the incidence was higher in females than males at all ages. Incidence rates for all primary BT combined and for non-malignant tumors only were highest for non-Hispanic American Indian/Alaska Native individuals, whereas malignant tumors were more frequent in non-Hispanic White individuals, compared with other racial/ethnic groups. On the basis of histopathology, the most common molecularly defined tumor was diffuse glioma (an AASIR of 1.51 per 100,000). Primary malignant BT are the second most common cause of cancer death in the AYA population. Incidence rates of primary BT overall, as well as specific histopathologies, vary significantly by age. Accordingly, an accurate statistical assessment of primary BT in the AYA population is vital for better understanding the impact of these tumors on the US population and to serve as a reference for afflicted individuals, for researchers investigating new therapies, and for clinicians treating these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mackenzie Price
- Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States, Hinsdale, Illinois, USA
| | - Corey Neff
- Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States, Hinsdale, Illinois, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Carol Kruchko
- Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States, Hinsdale, Illinois, USA
| | - Kristin A Waite
- Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States, Hinsdale, Illinois, USA
- Trans Divisional Research Program, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Gino Cioffi
- Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States, Hinsdale, Illinois, USA
- Trans Divisional Research Program, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Brittany B Cordeiro
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Marta Penas-Prado
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mark R Gilbert
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Terri S Armstrong
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jill S Barnholtz-Sloan
- Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States, Hinsdale, Illinois, USA
- Trans Divisional Research Program, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Center for Biomedical Informatics & Information Technology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Quinn T Ostrom
- Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States, Hinsdale, Illinois, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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2
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Jiang H, Nace R, Carrasco TF, Zhang L, Whye Peng K, Russell SJ. Oncolytic varicella-zoster virus engineered with ORF8 deletion and armed with drug-controllable interleukin-12. J Immunother Cancer 2024; 12:e008307. [PMID: 38527762 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2023-008307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The varicella-zoster virus (VZV), belonging to the group of human α-herpesviruses, has yet to be developed as a platform for oncolytic virotherapy, despite indications from clinical case reports suggesting a potential association between VZV infection and cancer remission. METHODS Here, we constructed oncolytic VZV candidates based on the vaccine strain vOka and the laboratory strain Ellen. These newly engineered viruses were subsequently assessed for their oncolytic properties in the human MeWo melanoma xenograft model and the mouse B16-F10-nectin1 melanoma syngeneic model. RESULTS In the MeWo xenograft model, both vOka and Ellen exhibited potent antitumor efficacy. However, it was observed that introducing a hyperfusogenic mutation into glycoprotein B led to a reduction in VZV's effectiveness. Notably, the deletion of ORF8 (encodes viral deoxyuridine triphosphatase) attenuated the replication of VZV both in vitro and in vivo, but it did not compromise VZV's oncolytic potency. We further armed the VZV Ellen-ΔORF8 vector with a tet-off controlled mouse single-chain IL12 (scIL12) gene cassette. This augmented virus was validated for its oncolytic activity and triggered systemic antitumor immune responses in the immunocompetent B16-F10-nectin1 model. CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight the potential of using Ellen-ΔORF8-tet-off-scIL12 as a novel VZV-based oncolytic virotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifei Jiang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Rebecca Nace
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Lianwen Zhang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Kah Whye Peng
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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3
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Nakase T, Guerra G, Ostrom QT, Ge T, Melin B, Wrensch M, Wiencke JK, Jenkins RB, Eckel-Passow JE, Bondy ML, Francis SS, Kachuri L. Genome-wide Polygenic Risk Scores Predict Risk of Glioma and Molecular Subtypes. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.01.10.24301112. [PMID: 38260701 PMCID: PMC10802631 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.10.24301112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Background Polygenic risk scores (PRS) aggregate the contribution of many risk variants to provide a personalized genetic susceptibility profile. Since sample sizes of glioma genome-wide association studies (GWAS) remain modest, there is a need to find efficient ways of capturing genetic risk factors using available germline data. Methods We developed a novel PRS (PRS-CS) that uses continuous shrinkage priors to model the joint effects of over 1 million polymorphisms on disease risk and compared it to an approach (PRS-CT) that selects a limited set of independent variants that reach genome-wide significance (P<5×10-8). PRS models were trained using GWAS results stratified by histological (10,346 cases, 14,687 controls) and molecular subtype (2,632 cases, 2,445 controls), and validated in two independent cohorts. Results PRS-CS was consistently more predictive than PRS-CT across glioma subtypes with an average increase in explained variance (R2) of 21%. Improvements were particularly pronounced for glioblastoma tumors, with PRS-CS yielding larger effect sizes (odds ratio (OR)=1.93, P=2.0×10-54 vs. OR=1.83, P=9.4×10-50) and higher explained variance (R2=2.82% vs. R2=2.56%). Individuals in the 95th percentile of the PRS-CS distribution had a 3-fold higher lifetime absolute risk of IDH mutant (0.63%) and IDH wildtype (0.76%) glioma relative to individuals with average PRS. PRS-CS also showed high classification accuracy for IDH mutation status among cases (AUC=0.895). Conclusions Our novel genome-wide PRS may improve the identification of high-risk individuals and help distinguish between prognostic glioma subtypes, increasing the potential clinical utility of germline genetics in glioma patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taishi Nakase
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Geno Guerra
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Quinn T. Ostrom
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Tian Ge
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Precision Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Beatrice Melin
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Margaret Wrensch
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - John K. Wiencke
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Robert B. Jenkins
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | | | - Melissa L. Bondy
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Stephen S. Francis
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Linda Kachuri
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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4
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Zhong S, Yang W, Zhang Z, Xie Y, Pan L, Ren J, Ren F, Li Y, Xie H, Chen H, Deng D, Lu J, Li H, Wu B, Chen Y, Peng F, Puduvalli VK, Sai K, Li Y, Cheng Y, Mou Y. Association between viral infections and glioma risk: a two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization analysis. BMC Med 2023; 21:487. [PMID: 38053181 PMCID: PMC10698979 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-023-03142-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioma is one of the leading types of brain tumor, but few etiologic factors of primary glioma have been identified. Previous observational research has shown an association between viral infection and glioma risk. In this study, we used Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to explore the direction and magnitude of the causal relationship between viral infection and glioma. METHODS We conducted a two-sample bidirectional MR analysis using genome-wide association study (GWAS) data. Summary statistics data of glioma were collected from the largest meta-analysis GWAS, involving 12,488 cases and 18,169 controls. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with exposures were used as instrumental variables to estimate the causal relationship between glioma and twelve types of viral infections from corresponding GWAS data. In addition, sensitivity analyses were performed. RESULTS After correcting for multiple tests and sensitivity analysis, we detected that genetically predicted herpes zoster (caused by Varicella zoster virus (VZV) infection) significantly decreased risk of low-grade glioma (LGG) development (OR = 0.85, 95% CI: 0.76-0.96, P = 0.01, FDR = 0.04). No causal effects of the other eleven viral infections on glioma and reverse causality were detected. CONCLUSIONS This is one of the first and largest studies in this field. We show robust evidence supporting that genetically predicted herpes zoster caused by VZV infection reduces risk of LGG. The findings of our research advance understanding of the etiology of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenzhuo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyun Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangyiran Xie
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, 1161 21St Ave S # D3300, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Lin Pan
- Clinical College, Jilin University, Street Xinmin 828, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaxin Ren
- Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang Chun, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Ren
- Clinical College, Jilin University, Street Xinmin 828, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoqun Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Davy Deng
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Jie Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Li
- Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang Chun, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, No.71, Street Xinmin Road, Chaoyang District, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Youqi Chen
- Clinical College, Jilin University, Street Xinmin 828, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Peng
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Vinay K Puduvalli
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Sai
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yunqian Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ye Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yonggao Mou
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China.
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5
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Kachuri L, Guerra GA, Wendt GA, Hansen HM, Molinaro AM, Bracci P, McCoy L, Rice T, Wiencke JK, Eckel-Passow JE, Jenkins RB, Wrensch M, Francis SS. Genetic predisposition to altered blood cell homeostasis is associated with glioma risk and survival. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.10.15.23296448. [PMID: 37905116 PMCID: PMC10614986 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.15.23296448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Glioma is a highly fatal brain tumor comprised of molecular subtypes with distinct clinical trajectories. Observational studies have suggested that variability in immune response may play a role in glioma etiology. However, their findings have been inconsistent and susceptible to reverse causation due to treatment effects and the immunosuppressive nature of glioma. We applied genetic variants associated (p<5×10-8) with blood cell traits to a meta-analysis of 3418 glioma cases and 8156 controls. Genetically predicted increase in the platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) was associated with an increased risk of glioma (odds ratio (OR)=1.25, p=0.005), especially in IDH-mutant (IDHmut OR=1.38, p=0.007) and IDHmut 1p/19q non-codeleted (IDHmut-noncodel OR=1.53, p=0.004) tumors. However, reduced glioma risk was observed for higher counts of lymphocytes (IDHmut-noncodel OR=0.70, p=0.004) and neutrophils (IDHmut OR=0.69, p=0.019; IDHmut-noncodel OR=0.60, p=0.009), which may reflect genetic predisposition to enhanced immune-surveillance. In contrast to susceptibility, there was no association with survival in IDHmut-noncodel; however, in IDHmut 1p/19q co-deleted tumors, we observed higher mortality with increasing genetically predicted counts of lymphocytes (hazard ratio (HR)=1.65, 95% CI: 1.24-2.20), neutrophils (HR=1.49, 1.13-1.97), and eosinophils (HR=1.59, 1.18-2.14). Polygenic scores for blood cell traits were also associated with tumor immune microenvironment features, with heterogeneity by IDH status observed for 17 signatures related to interferon signaling, PD-1 expression, and T-cell/Cytotoxic responses. In summary, we identified novel, immune-mediated susceptibility mechanisms for glioma with potential disease management implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Kachuri
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Geno A. Guerra
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - George A. Wendt
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Helen M. Hansen
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Annette M. Molinaro
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Paige Bracci
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Lucie McCoy
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Terri Rice
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - John K. Wiencke
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, US
| | | | - Robert B. Jenkins
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Margaret Wrensch
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Stephen S. Francis
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, US
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6
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Francis SS, Guerra G, Hansen HM, Wendt G, Kachuri L, Wiencke JK, Wrensch M. Inherited polymorphisms in the Human Leukocyte Antigen Region modify the association between varicella-zoster virus antibody reactivity and glioma prognosis. Neuro Oncol 2023; 25:1910-1912. [PMID: 37595256 PMCID: PMC10547499 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noad122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen S Francis
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Geno Guerra
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Helen M Hansen
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - George Wendt
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Linda Kachuri
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - John K Wiencke
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Margaret Wrensch
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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Guerra G, McCoy L, Hansen HM, Rice T, Molinaro AM, Wiemels JL, Wiencke JK, Wrensch M, Francis SS. Antibodies to varicella-zoster virus and three other herpesviruses and survival in adults with glioma. Neuro Oncol 2023; 25:1047-1057. [PMID: 36610073 PMCID: PMC10237424 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noac283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lifetime exposure to the varicella-zoster virus (VZV) has been consistently inversely associated with glioma risk, however, the relationship of VZV with survival in adults with glioma has not been investigated. In this study, we analyzed the survival of adults with glioma in relation to their antibody measurements to 4 common herpes viral infections, including VZV, measured post-diagnosis. METHODS We analyzed IgG antibody measurements to VZV, cytomegalovirus (CMV), herpes simplex virus 1/2 (HSV), and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) collected from 1378 adults with glioma diagnosed between 1991 and 2010. Blood was obtained a median of 3 months after surgery. Associations of patient IgG levels with overall survival were estimated using Cox models adjusted for age, sex, self-reported race, surgery type, dexamethasone usage at blood draw, and tumor grade. Models were stratified by recruitment series and meta-analyzed to account for time-dependent treatment effects. RESULTS VZV antibody seropositivity was associated with improved survival outcomes in adults with glioma (Hazard ratio, HR = 0.70, 95% Confidence Interval 0.54-0.90, P = .006). Amongst cases who were seropositive for VZV antibodies, survival was significantly improved for those above the 25th percentile of continuous reactivity measurements versus those below (HR = 0.76, 0.66-0.88, P = .0003). Antibody seropositivity to EBV was separately associated with improved survival (HR = 0.71, 0.53-0.96, P = .028). Antibody positivity to 2 other common viruses (CMV, HSV) was not associated with altered survival. CONCLUSIONS Low levels of VZV or EBV antibodies are associated with poorer survival outcomes for adults with glioma. Differential immune response rather than viral exposure may explain these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geno Guerra
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Lucie McCoy
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Helen M Hansen
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Terri Rice
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Annette M Molinaro
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Joseph L Wiemels
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - John K Wiencke
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Margaret Wrensch
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Stephen S Francis
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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8
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Petit P, Gandon G, Chabardès S, Bonneterre V. Agricultural activities and risk of central nervous system tumors among French farm managers: Results from the TRACTOR project. Int J Cancer 2022; 151:1737-1749. [PMID: 35781883 PMCID: PMC9796624 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The etiology of central nervous system (CNS) tumors is complex and involves many suspected risk factors. Scientific evidence remains insufficient, in particular in the agricultural field. The goal of our study was to investigate associations between agricultural activities and CNS tumors in the entire French farm manager workforce using data from the TRACTOR project. The TRACTOR project hold a large administrative health database covering the entire French agricultural workforce, over the period 2002-2016, on the whole French metropolitan territory. Associations were estimated for 26 activities and CNS tumors using Cox proportional hazards model, with time to first CNS tumor insurance declaration as the underlying timescale, adjusting for sex, age and geographical area. There were 1017 cases among 1 036 069 farm managers, including 317 meningiomas and 479 gliomas. Associations varied with tumor types, sex and types of crop and animal farming. Analyses showed several increased risks of CNS tumors, in particular for animal farming. The main increases in risk were observed for meningioma in mixed dairy and cow farming (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.75, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.09-2.81) and glioma in pig farming (HR = 2.28, 95% CI: 1.37-3.80). Our study brings new insights on the association of a wide range of agricultural activities and CNS tumor and subtype-specific risks in farm managers. Although these findings need to be corroborated in further studies and should be interpreted cautiously, they could have implications for enhancing CNS tumor surveillance in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Petit
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, UMR 5525, VetAgro Sup, Grenoble INP, CHU Grenoble Alpes, TIMCGrenobleFrance
| | - Gérald Gandon
- CHU Grenoble AlpesOccupational Diseases CenterGrenobleFrance
| | - Stéphan Chabardès
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, U1216, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut NeurosciencesGrenobleFrance
| | - Vincent Bonneterre
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, UMR 5525, VetAgro Sup, Grenoble INP, CHU Grenoble Alpes, TIMCGrenobleFrance
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9
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Coghill AE, Kim Y, Hodge JM, Bender N, Smith-Warner SA, Teras LR, Grimsrud TK, Waterboer T, Egan KM. Prospective investigation of herpesvirus infection and risk of glioma. Int J Cancer 2022; 151:222-228. [PMID: 35225352 PMCID: PMC10777426 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Glioma is an aggressive neoplasm of the brain with poorly understood etiology. A limited number of pathogens have been examined as glioma risk factors, but data from prospective studies with infection status determined before disease are lacking. Herpesviruses comprise a large family of DNA viruses that infect humans and are linked to a range of chronic diseases. We conducted a prospective evaluation of the association between antibody to six human herpesviruses and glioma risk in the Janus Serum Bank (Janus) and the Cancer Prevention Study-II (CPS-II). In Janus and CPS-II, the risk for glioma was not related to seroprevalence of herpes simplex virus-1, varicella zoster virus, or human herpes viruses 6A or 6B. In Janus, seropositivity to either the Epstein Barr virus (EBV) EA[D] or VCAp18 antigen was associated with a lower risk of glioma (ORs: 0.55 [95% CI 0.32-0.94] and 0.57 [95% CI 0.38-0.85]). This inverse association was consistent by histologic subtype and was observed for gliomas diagnosed up to two decades following antibody measurement. In Janus, seropositivity to at least one of three examined cytomegalovirus (CMV) antigens (pp150, pp52, pp28) was associated with an increased risk of nonglioblastoma (OR: 2.08 [95% CI 1.07-4.03]). This association was limited to tumors diagnosed within 12 years of antibody measurement. In summary, we report evidence of an inverse association between exposure to EBV and glioma. We further report that CMV exposure may be related to a higher likelihood of the nonglioblastoma subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna E. Coghill
- Center for Immunization and Infection Research in Cancer, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Youngchul Kim
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - James M. Hodge
- Department of Population Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Noemi Bender
- Division of Infections and Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stephanie A. Smith-Warner
- Department of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lauren R. Teras
- Department of Population Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Tom K. Grimsrud
- Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tim Waterboer
- Division of Infections and Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kathleen M. Egan
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
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10
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Guerra G, Kachuri L, Wendt G, Hansen HM, Mack SJ, Molinaro AM, Rice T, Bracci P, Wiencke JK, Kasahara N, Eckel-Passow JE, Jenkins RB, Wrensch M, Francis SS. The immunogenetics of viral antigen response is associated with subtype-specific glioma risk and survival. Am J Hum Genet 2022; 109:1105-1116. [PMID: 35550063 PMCID: PMC9247888 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2022.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma is a highly fatal cancer with prognostically significant molecular subtypes and few known risk factors. Multiple studies have implicated infections in glioma susceptibility, but evidence remains inconsistent. Genetic variants in the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) region modulate host response to infection and have been linked to glioma risk. In this study, we leveraged genetic predictors of antibody response to 12 viral antigens to investigate the relationship with glioma risk and survival. Genetic reactivity scores (GRSs) for each antigen were derived from genome-wide-significant (p < 5 × 10-8) variants associated with immunoglobulin G antibody response in the UK Biobank cohort. We conducted parallel analyses of glioma risk and survival for each GRS and HLA alleles imputed at two-field resolution by using data from 3,418 glioma-affected individuals subtyped by somatic mutations and 8,156 controls. Genetic reactivity scores to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) ZEBRA and EBNA antigens and Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCV) VP1 antigen were associated with glioma risk and survival (Bonferroni-corrected p < 0.01). GRSZEBRA and GRSMCV were associated in opposite directions with risk of IDH wild-type gliomas (ORZEBRA = 0.91, p = 0.0099/ORMCV = 1.11, p = 0.0054). GRSEBNA was associated with both increased risk for IDH mutated gliomas (OR = 1.09, p = 0.040) and improved survival (HR = 0.86, p = 0.010). HLA-DQA1∗03:01 was significantly associated with decreased risk of glioma overall (OR = 0.85, p = 3.96 × 10-4) after multiple testing adjustment. This systematic investigation of the role of genetic determinants of viral antigen reactivity in glioma risk and survival provides insight into complex immunogenomic mechanisms of glioma pathogenesis. These results may inform applications of antiviral-based therapies in glioma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geno Guerra
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Linda Kachuri
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - George Wendt
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Helen M Hansen
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Steven J Mack
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Annette M Molinaro
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Terri Rice
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Paige Bracci
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - John K Wiencke
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Institute of Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nori Kasahara
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | | | - Robert B Jenkins
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Margaret Wrensch
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Institute of Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Stephen S Francis
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, USA.
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11
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Pellerino A, Caccese M, Padovan M, Cerretti G, Lombardi G. Epidemiology, risk factors, and prognostic factors of gliomas. Clin Transl Imaging 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40336-022-00489-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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12
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Francis SS, Ostrom QT, Cote DJ, Smith TR, Claus E, Barnholtz-Sloan JS. The Epidemiology of Central Nervous System Tumors. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2022; 36:23-42. [PMID: 34801162 DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2021.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This article reviews the current epidemiology of central nervous system tumors. Population-level basic epidemiology, nationally and internationally, and current understanding of germline genetic risk are discussed, with a focus on known and well-studied risk factors related to the etiology of central nervous system tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen S Francis
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Division of Neuro and Molecular Epidemiology, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, 1450 3rd Street, HD442, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
| | - Quinn T Ostrom
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University School of Medicine, 571 Research Drive, MSRB-1, Rm 442, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - David J Cote
- Department of Neurosurgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1200 N State Street, Suite 3300, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Timothy R Smith
- Department of Neurosurgery, Computational Neuroscience Outcomes Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 60 Fenwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Elizabeth Claus
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University, Yale School of Public Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 60 College Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Jill S Barnholtz-Sloan
- Center for Biomedical Informatics and Information Technology, Trans-Divisional Research Program, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), NCI Shady Grove, 9609 Medical Center Dr, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
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13
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Brain and other central nervous system (CNS) tumors, while rare, cause significant morbidity and mortality across all ages. This article summarizes the current state of the knowledge on the epidemiology of brain and other CNS tumors. RECENT FINDINGS For childhood and adolescent brain and other CNS tumors, high birth weight, non-chromosomal structural birth defects and higher socioeconomic position were shown to be risk factors. For adults, increased leukocyte telomere length, proportion of European ancestry, higher socioeconomic position, and HLA haplotypes increase risk of malignant brain tumors, while immune factors decrease risk. Although no risk factor accounting for a large proportion of brain and other CNS tumors has been discovered, the use of high throughput "omics" approaches and improved detection/measurement of environmental exposures will help us refine our current understanding of these factors and discover novel risk factors for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quinn T Ostrom
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Stephen S Francis
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Division of Neuro and Molecular Epidemiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jill S Barnholtz-Sloan
- Trans-Divisional Research Program, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, and Center for Biomedical Informatics and Information Technology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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14
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Raghavapudi H, Singroul P, Kohila V. Brain Tumor Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis and Radiotherapy Treatment. Curr Med Imaging 2021; 17:931-942. [PMID: 33573575 DOI: 10.2174/1573405617666210126160206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The strategy used for the treatment of given brain cancer is critical in determining the post effects and survival. An oncological diagnosis of tumor evaluates a range of parameters such as shape, size, volume, location and neurological complexity that define the symptomatic severity. The evaluation determines a suitable treatment approach chosen from a range of options such as surgery, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, radiation therapy and other targeted therapies. Often, a combination of such therapies is applied to achieve superior results. Radiotherapy serves as a better treatment strategy because of a higher survival rate. It offers the flexibility of synergy with other treatment strategies and fewer side effects on organs at risk. This review presents a radiobiological perspective in the treatment of brain tumor. The cause, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, post-treatment effects and the framework involved in its elimination are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haarika Raghavapudi
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Warangal, Warangal -506004, Telangana, India
| | - Pankaj Singroul
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Warangal, Warangal -506004, Telangana, India
| | - V Kohila
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Warangal, Warangal -506004, Telangana, India
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15
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Rabab'h O, Al-Ramadan A, Shah J, Lopez-Negrete H, Gharaibeh A. Twenty Years After Glioblastoma Multiforme Diagnosis: A Case of Long-Term Survival. Cureus 2021; 13:e16061. [PMID: 34345547 PMCID: PMC8323618 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.16061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an aggressive tumor that has a poor prognosis with a median survival of 15 months with treatment and 3-4 months without treatment. Subsets of patients are found to survive longer than two years, some survivors lived more than 10 years, and rare cases survived 20 years or more with treatment. Better prognosis has been found to be associated with many factors. Some of these factors are related to patients' characteristics, biological factors that impact tumor aggressiveness, and/or factors associated with treatment. However, the exact contribution for extended survival is still not known. Finding the factors that have a strong impact on the long survival is of high importance and can help give hope to better treat glioblastoma cases. In this report, we present a case of a glioblastoma patient who was diagnosed at the age of 47 years with more than 20-year survival. We further discuss the suggested factors that may have contributed to a better prognosis with a focus on the possible role of varicella-zoster infection in mediating long-term survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Rabab'h
- Research, Insight Research Institute, Flint, USA.,Research, University of Michigan-Flint, Center for Cognition and Neuroethics, Flint, USA
| | - Ali Al-Ramadan
- Neurology, Insight Research Institute, Flint, USA.,Neurology, University of Michigan-Flint, Center for Cognition and Neuroethics, Flint, USA
| | - Jawad Shah
- Neurosurgery, Insight Research Institute, Insight Institute of Neurosurgery & Neuroscience, Flint, USA.,Neurosurgery, University of Michigan-Flint, Center for Cognition and Neuroethics, Flint, USA.,Neurosurgery, Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA
| | | | - Abeer Gharaibeh
- Neurosurgery, Insight Research Institute, Insight Institute of Neurosurgery & Neuroscience, Flint, USA.,Neurosurgery, University of Michigan-Flint, Center for Cognition and Neuroethics, Flint, USA
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16
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Egan KM, Kim Y, Bender N, Hodge JM, Coghill AE, Smith-Warner SA, Rollison DE, Teras LR, Grimsrud TK, Waterboer T. Prospective investigation of polyomavirus infection and the risk of adult glioma. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9642. [PMID: 33953301 PMCID: PMC8100283 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89133-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma is an aggressive primary tumor of the brain with a poorly understood etiology. We studied the association of 4 human polyomaviruses (HPyV)—JC virus (JCV), BK virus (BKV), human polyomavirus 6 (HPyV6), and Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) with glioma risk within the Cancer Prevention Study II in the US (CPS-II) and the Janus Serum Bank in Norway. Cohort participants subsequently diagnosed with glioma from the CPS-II (n = 37) and Janus Serum Bank (n = 323), a median of 6.9 and 15.4 years after blood collection, respectively, were matched to individual controls on age, sex, and date of blood draw. Serum antibodies to the major viral capsid protein (VP1) were used to establish infection history for each polyomavirus. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using conditional logistic regression. In the Janus Serum Bank, MCPyV infection was associated with a higher risk of glioma overall (OR: 1.56; 95% CI 1.10, 2.19). A modest, nonsignificant positive association with MCPyV infection was also observed in CPS-II (OR: 1.29; 95% CI 0.54, 3.08). In both cohorts, glioma risk was not significantly related to infection with JCV, BKV or HPyV6. The present study suggests that MCPyV infection may increase glioma risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen M Egan
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
| | - Youngchul Kim
- Department of Biostatistics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Noemi Bender
- Infections and Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - James M Hodge
- Department of Population Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Anna E Coghill
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Stephanie A Smith-Warner
- Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Dana E Rollison
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Lauren R Teras
- Department of Population Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Tom K Grimsrud
- Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, 0379, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tim Waterboer
- Infections and Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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17
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Childhood viral infections may be beneficial to cognition in old age. Int Psychogeriatr 2021; 33:19-20. [PMID: 33543691 DOI: 10.1017/s1041610220001477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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18
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Childhood infectious diseases and old age cognitive functioning: a nationally representative sample of community-dwelling older adults. Int Psychogeriatr 2021; 33:75-82. [PMID: 32703324 PMCID: PMC8482372 DOI: 10.1017/s1041610220001404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cumulative evidence suggests that health-related risk factors during midlife and old-age are associated with cognitive impairment. However, studies are needed to clarify the association between early-life risk factors and impaired cognitive functioning to increment existing knowledge. OBJECTIVE To examine the association between childhood infectious diseases and late-life cognitive functioning in a nationally representative sample of older adults. PARTICIPANTS Eligible respondents were 2994 community-dwelling individuals aged 65-85. MEASUREMENTS Cognitive functioning was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Childhood infectious diseases (i.e. chicken pox, measles, and mumps) were self-reported. The study covariates were age, sex, highest educational level achieved, smoking status, body mass index, and depression. The primary statistical analysis examined the association between the number of childhood infectious diseases and total MMSE scores, accounting for all study covariates. Regression models of progressive complexity were examined for parsimony. The robustness of the primary results was tested in 17 sensitivity analyses. RESULTS The most parsimonious model was a linear adjusted model (Bayesian Information Criterion = 12646.09). Late-life cognitive functioning significantly improved as the number of childhood infectious diseases increased (β = 0.18; 95% CI = 0.11, 0.26; p < 0.001). This effect was not significantly attenuated in all sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSION The current study results are consistent with prior ecological findings indicating that some childhood infectious diseases are associated with better cognitive functioning in old-age. This points to an early-life modifiable risk factor associated with older-life cognitive functioning. Our results may reflect selective mortality and/or beneficial effects via hormetic processes.
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19
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Peeri NC, Shrestha N, Rahman MS, Zaki R, Tan Z, Bibi S, Baghbanzadeh M, Aghamohammadi N, Zhang W, Haque U. The SARS, MERS and novel coronavirus (COVID-19) epidemics, the newest and biggest global health threats: what lessons have we learned? Int J Epidemiol 2020; 49:717-726. [PMID: 32086938 PMCID: PMC7197734 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyaa033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 778] [Impact Index Per Article: 194.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To provide an overview of the three major deadly coronaviruses and identify areas for improvement of future preparedness plans, as well as provide a critical assessment of the risk factors and actionable items for stopping their spread, utilizing lessons learned from the first two deadly coronavirus outbreaks, as well as initial reports from the current novel coronavirus (COVID-19) epidemic in Wuhan, China. Methods Utilizing the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, USA) website, and a comprehensive review of PubMed literature, we obtained information regarding clinical signs and symptoms, treatment and diagnosis, transmission methods, protection methods and risk factors for Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and COVID-19. Comparisons between the viruses were made. Results Inadequate risk assessment regarding the urgency of the situation, and limited reporting on the virus within China has, in part, led to the rapid spread of COVID-19 throughout mainland China and into proximal and distant countries. Compared with SARS and MERS, COVID-19 has spread more rapidly, due in part to increased globalization and the focus of the epidemic. Wuhan, China is a large hub connecting the North, South, East and West of China via railways and a major international airport. The availability of connecting flights, the timing of the outbreak during the Chinese (Lunar) New Year, and the massive rail transit hub located in Wuhan has enabled the virus to perforate throughout China, and eventually, globally. Conclusions We conclude that we did not learn from the two prior epidemics of coronavirus and were ill-prepared to deal with the challenges the COVID-19 epidemic has posed. Future research should attempt to address the uses and implications of internet of things (IoT) technologies for mapping the spread of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah C Peeri
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Nistha Shrestha
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | | | - Rafdzah Zaki
- Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence-based Practice, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Zhengqi Tan
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Saana Bibi
- Department of Biology, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Mahdi Baghbanzadeh
- Department of Business Development, Ofogh Kourosh Chain Stores, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasrin Aghamohammadi
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wenyi Zhang
- Center for Disease Surveillance and Research, Center for Disease Control and Prevention of PLA, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ubydul Haque
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
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20
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Peeri NC, Shrestha N, Rahman MS, Zaki R, Tan Z, Bibi S, Baghbanzadeh M, Aghamohammadi N, Zhang W, Haque U. The SARS, MERS and novel coronavirus (COVID-19) epidemics, the newest and biggest global health threats: what lessons have we learned? Int J Epidemiol 2020. [PMID: 32086938 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyaa033/5748175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To provide an overview of the three major deadly coronaviruses and identify areas for improvement of future preparedness plans, as well as provide a critical assessment of the risk factors and actionable items for stopping their spread, utilizing lessons learned from the first two deadly coronavirus outbreaks, as well as initial reports from the current novel coronavirus (COVID-19) epidemic in Wuhan, China. METHODS Utilizing the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, USA) website, and a comprehensive review of PubMed literature, we obtained information regarding clinical signs and symptoms, treatment and diagnosis, transmission methods, protection methods and risk factors for Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and COVID-19. Comparisons between the viruses were made. RESULTS Inadequate risk assessment regarding the urgency of the situation, and limited reporting on the virus within China has, in part, led to the rapid spread of COVID-19 throughout mainland China and into proximal and distant countries. Compared with SARS and MERS, COVID-19 has spread more rapidly, due in part to increased globalization and the focus of the epidemic. Wuhan, China is a large hub connecting the North, South, East and West of China via railways and a major international airport. The availability of connecting flights, the timing of the outbreak during the Chinese (Lunar) New Year, and the massive rail transit hub located in Wuhan has enabled the virus to perforate throughout China, and eventually, globally. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that we did not learn from the two prior epidemics of coronavirus and were ill-prepared to deal with the challenges the COVID-19 epidemic has posed. Future research should attempt to address the uses and implications of internet of things (IoT) technologies for mapping the spread of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah C Peeri
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Nistha Shrestha
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | | | - Rafdzah Zaki
- Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence-based Practice, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Zhengqi Tan
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Saana Bibi
- Department of Biology, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Mahdi Baghbanzadeh
- Department of Business Development, Ofogh Kourosh Chain Stores, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasrin Aghamohammadi
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wenyi Zhang
- Center for Disease Surveillance and Research, Center for Disease Control and Prevention of PLA, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ubydul Haque
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
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21
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22
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Peeri NC, Creed JH, Anic GM, Thompson RC, Olson JJ, LaRocca RV, Chowdhary SA, Brockman JD, Gerke TA, Nabors LB, Egan KM. Toenail selenium, genetic variation in selenoenzymes and risk and outcome in glioma. Cancer Epidemiol 2018; 55:45-51. [PMID: 29777993 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Selenium is an essential trace element obtained through diet that plays a critical role in DNA synthesis and protection from oxidative damage. Selenium intake and polymorphisms in selenoproteins have been linked to the risk of certain cancers though data for glioma are sparse. METHODS In a case-control study of glioma, we examined the associations of selenium in toenails and genetic variants in the selenoenzyme pathway with the risk of glioma and patient survival. A total of 423 genetic variants in 29 candidate genes in the selenoenzyme pathway were studied in 1547 glioma cases and 1014 healthy controls. Genetic associations were also examined in the UK Biobank cohort comprised of 313,868 persons with 322 incident glioma cases. Toenail selenium was measured in a subcohort of 300 glioma cases and 300 age-matched controls from the case-control study. RESULTS None of the 423 variants studied were consistently associated with glioma risk in the case-control and cohort studies. Moreover, toenail selenium in the case-control study had no significant association with glioma risk (p trend = 0.70) or patient survival among 254 patients with high grade tumors (p trend = 0.70). CONCLUSION The present study offers no support for the hypothesis that selenium plays a role in the onset of glioma or patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah C Peeri
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa FL, 33612, USA
| | - Jordan H Creed
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa FL, 33612, USA
| | - Gabriella M Anic
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa FL, 33612, USA
| | - Reid C Thompson
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Olson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | | | - Sajeel A Chowdhary
- Neuro-Oncology Program, Lynn Cancer Institute, 701 NW 13th Street, Boca Raton, FL 33486, USA
| | - John D Brockman
- University of Missouri Research Reactor, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Travis A Gerke
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa FL, 33612, USA
| | - L Burton Nabors
- Neuro-oncology Program, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Kathleen M Egan
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa FL, 33612, USA.
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23
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Abstract
The question of whether human tumors express antigens that can be recognized by the immune system has been answered with a resounding YES. Most were identified through spontaneous antitumor humoral and cellular immune responses found in cancer patients and include peptides, glycopeptides, phosphopeptides, viral peptides, and peptides resulting from common mutations in oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes, or common gene fusion events. Many have been extensively tested as candidates for anticancer vaccines. More recently, attention has been focused on the potentially large number of unique tumor antigens, mutated neoantigens, that are the predicted products of the numerous mutations revealed by exome sequencing of primary tumors. Only a few have been confirmed as targets of spontaneous immunity and immunosurveillance, and even fewer have been tested in preclinical and clinical settings. The field has been divided for a long time on the relative importance of shared versus mutated antigens in tumor surveillance and as candidates for vaccines. This question will eventually need to be answered in a head to head comparison in well-designed clinical trials. One advantage that shared antigens have over mutated antigens is their potential to be used in vaccines for primary cancer prevention. Cancer Immunol Res; 5(5); 347-54. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivera J Finn
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and the University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
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24
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Zhang C, de Smith AJ, Smirnov IV, Wiencke JK, Wiemels JL, Witte JS, Walsh KM. Non-additive and epistatic effects of HLA polymorphisms contributing to risk of adult glioma. J Neurooncol 2017; 135:237-244. [PMID: 28721485 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-017-2569-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Although genome-wide association studies have identified several susceptibility loci for adult glioma, little is known regarding the potential contribution of genetic variation in the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) region to glioma risk. HLA associations have been reported for various malignancies, with many studies investigating selected candidate HLA polymorphisms. However, no systematic analysis has been conducted in glioma patients, and no investigation into potential non-additive effects has been described. We conducted comprehensive genetic analyses of HLA variants among 1746 adult glioma patients and 2312 controls of European-ancestry from the GliomaScan Consortium. Genotype data were generated with the Illumina 660-Quad array, and we imputed HLA alleles using a reference panel of 5225 individuals in the Type 1 Diabetes Genetics Consortium who underwent high-resolution HLA typing via next-generation sequencing. Case-control comparisons were adjusted for population stratification using ancestry-informative principal components. Because alleles in different loci across the HLA region are linked, we created multigene haplotypes consisting of the genes DRB1, DQA1, and DQB1. Although none of the haplotypes were associated with glioma in additive models, inclusion of a dominance term significantly improved the model for multigene haplotype HLA-DRB1*1501-DQA1*0102-DQB1*0602 (P = 0.002). Heterozygous carriers of the haplotype had an increased risk of glioma [odds ratio (OR) 1.23; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01-1.49], while homozygous carriers were at decreased risk compared with non-carriers (OR 0.64; 95% CI 0.40-1.01). Our results suggest that the DRB1*1501-DQA1*0102-DQB1*0602 haplotype may contribute to the risk of glioma in a non-additive manner, with the positive dominance effect partly explained by an epistatic interaction with HLA-DRB1*0401-DQA1*0301-DQB1*0301.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenan Zhang
- Division of Neuroepidemiology, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA. .,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
| | - Adam J de Smith
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Ivan V Smirnov
- Division of Neuroepidemiology, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - John K Wiencke
- Division of Neuroepidemiology, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Joseph L Wiemels
- Division of Neuroepidemiology, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - John S Witte
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Kyle M Walsh
- Division of Neuroepidemiology, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.,Division of Neuro-epidemiology, Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
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25
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Schwartzbaum J, Wang M, Root E, Pietrzak M, Rempala GA, Huang RP, Johannesen TB, Grimsrud TK. A nested case-control study of 277 prediagnostic serum cytokines and glioma. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178705. [PMID: 28594935 PMCID: PMC5464586 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent research shows bidirectional communication between the normal brain and the peripheral immune system. Glioma is a primary brain tumor characterized by systemic immunosuppression. To better understand gliomagenesis, we evaluated associations between 277 prediagnostic serum cytokines and glioma. We used glioma (n = 487) and matched control (n = 487) specimens from the Janus Serum Bank Cohort in Oslo, Norway. Conditional logistic regression allowed us to identify those cytokines that were individually associated with glioma. Next, we used heat maps to compare case to control Pearson correlation matrices of 12 cytokines modeled in an in silico study of the interaction between the microenvironment and the tumor. We did the same for case-control correlation matrices of lasso-selected cytokines and all 277 cytokines in the data set. Cytokines related to glioma risk (P ≤ .05) more than 10 years before diagnosis are sIL10RB, VEGF, beta-Catenin and CCL22. LIF was associated with decreased glioma risk within five years before glioma diagnosis (odds ratio (OR) = 0.47, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.23, 0.94). After adjustment for cytokines above, the previously observed interaction between IL4 and sIL4RA persisted (> 20 years before diagnosis, OR = 1.72, 95% CI = 1.20, 2.47). In addition, during this period, case correlations among 12 cytokines were weaker than were those among controls. This pattern was also observed among 30 lasso- selected cytokines and all 277 cytokines. We identified four cytokines and one interaction term that were independently related to glioma risk. We have documented prediagnostic changes in serum cytokine levels that may reflect the presence of a preclinical tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Schwartzbaum
- Division of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Min Wang
- Mathematical Biosciences Institute, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Elisabeth Root
- Department of Geography, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Maciej Pietrzak
- Mathematical Biosciences Institute, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Division of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Grzegorz A. Rempala
- Mathematical Biosciences Institute, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Division of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Ruo-Pan Huang
- RayBiotech, Inc., Norcross, Georgia, United States of America
- RayBiotech, Inc. Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Tom K. Grimsrud
- Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway
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26
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Older age at the completion of linear growth is associated with an increased risk of adult glioma. Cancer Causes Control 2017; 28:709-716. [PMID: 28260177 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-017-0871-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the association of age when adult height was attained with glioma risk. METHODS We analyzed data from a US-based case-control study of glioma risk factors. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) associated between age at attainment of adult height and glioma risk. Multivariate models were adjusted for age, race, sex, education, and state of residence. We examined associations overall, and according to glioma grade, sex, and final adult height. RESULTS The study set included n = 951 controls and n = 776 cases, with a median age of 56 (18-92); the majority was male (53.8%) and identified as Caucasian. Older age at height completion was associated with an increased risk of glioma. A significant positive trend was observed both for glioblastoma (OR 1.10; 95% CI 1.04-1.17 per 1-year increase in age) and lower grade non-glioblastoma subtypes combined (OR 1.18; 95% CI 1.10-1.28 per year increase in age). The association was observed in men and women, and in all categories of final adult height. CONCLUSIONS We observed for the first time a positive association between glioma risk and a prolonged adolescent growth phase. Our results suggest a role for factors governing the timing and intensity of growth in adolescence as risk-determining exposures in adult glioma.
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27
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Immune factors and viral interactions in brain cancer etiology and outcomes, The 2016 Brain Tumor Epidemiology Consortium Meeting report. Clin Neuropathol 2016; 35:280-6. [PMID: 27546018 PMCID: PMC5094287 DOI: 10.5414/np300985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The Brain Tumor Epidemiology Consortium (BTEC) is an international consortium that aims to advance development of multicenter and interdisciplinary collaborations that focus on research related to the etiology, outcomes, and prevention of brain tumors. The 17th annual BTEC meeting was held in Barcelona, Spain on June 21 – 23, 2016. The meeting focused on immune and viral factors that influence brain tumor development. Fundamentals of innate and adaptive immunity were reviewed, the role of immune checkpoint inhibitors in primary and secondary brain tumors was addressed, vaccination strategies for glioma treatment were presented, and the potential contribution of immune dysfunction and viruses tropic for glial cells in gliomagenesis was discussed. Further contributions addressed the risk of non-ionizing radiation, molecular and birth characteristics on brain tumor induction/outcomes, and patterns of care and effects of different treatments on brain tumor survival in the real world setting. The next BTEC meeting will be held in June 2017 in Banff, Canada, and will focus on brain tumor epidemiology in the era of precision medicine.
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28
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Amirian ES, Scheurer ME, Zhou R, Wrensch MR, Armstrong G, Lachance D, Olson SH, Lau CC, Claus EB, Barnholtz‐Sloan J, Il'yasova D, Schildkraut J, Ali‐Osman F, Sadetzki S, Jenkins RB, Bernstein JL, Merrell RT, Davis FG, Lai R, Shete S, Amos CI, Melin BS, Bondy ML. History of chickenpox in glioma risk: a report from the glioma international case-control study (GICC). Cancer Med 2016; 5:1352-8. [PMID: 26972449 PMCID: PMC4924393 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Varicella zoster virus (VZV) is a neurotropic α-herpesvirus that causes chickenpox and establishes life-long latency in the cranial nerve and dorsal root ganglia of the host. To date, VZV is the only virus consistently reported to have an inverse association with glioma. The Glioma International Case-Control Study (GICC) is a large, multisite consortium with data on 4533 cases and 4171 controls collected across five countries. Here, we utilized the GICC data to confirm the previously reported associations between history of chickenpox and glioma risk in one of the largest studies to date on this topic. Using two-stage random-effects restricted maximum likelihood modeling, we found that a positive history of chickenpox was associated with a 21% lower glioma risk, adjusting for age and sex (95% confidence intervals (CI): 0.65-0.96). Furthermore, the protective effect of chickenpox was stronger for high-grade gliomas. Our study provides additional evidence that the observed protective effect of chickenpox against glioma is unlikely to be coincidental. Future studies, including meta-analyses of the literature and investigations of the potential biological mechanism, are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Susan Amirian
- Department of PediatricsDivision of Hematology‐OncologyDan L. Duncan Cancer CenterBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexas
| | - Michael E. Scheurer
- Department of PediatricsDivision of Hematology‐OncologyDan L. Duncan Cancer CenterBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexas
| | - Renke Zhou
- Department of PediatricsDivision of Hematology‐OncologyDan L. Duncan Cancer CenterBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexas
| | - Margaret R. Wrensch
- Department of Neurological SurgeryUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCalifornia
| | - Georgina N. Armstrong
- Department of PediatricsDivision of Hematology‐OncologyDan L. Duncan Cancer CenterBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexas
| | - Daniel Lachance
- Department of NeurologyMayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer CenterMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesota
| | - Sara H. Olson
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsMemorial Sloan‐Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkNew York
| | - Ching C. Lau
- Department of PediatricsDivision of Hematology‐OncologyDan L. Duncan Cancer CenterBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexas
| | - Elizabeth B. Claus
- Department of Epidemiology and Public HealthYale University School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticut
- Department of NeurosurgeryBrigham and Women's HospitalBostonMassachusetts
| | - Jill S. Barnholtz‐Sloan
- Case Comprehensive Cancer CenterCase Western Reserve University School of MedicineClevelandOhio
| | - Dora Il'yasova
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsGeorgia State University School of Public HealthAtlantaGeorgia
- Department of Community and Family MedicineCancer Control and Prevention ProgramDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNorth Carolina
| | - Joellen Schildkraut
- Department of Community and Family MedicineCancer Control and Prevention ProgramDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNorth Carolina
| | - Francis Ali‐Osman
- Department of SurgeryDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNorth Carolina
| | - Siegal Sadetzki
- Cancer and Radiation Epidemiology UnitGertner InstituteChaim Sheba Medical CenterTel HashomerIsrael
- Sackler School of MedicineTel‐Aviv UniversityTel‐AvivIsrael
| | - Robert B. Jenkins
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and PathologyMayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer CenterMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesota
| | - Jonine L. Bernstein
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsMemorial Sloan‐Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkNew York
| | - Ryan T. Merrell
- Department of NeurologyNorthShore University HealthSystemEvanstonIllinois
| | - Faith G. Davis
- Department of Public Health ServicesUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonAlbertaCanada
| | - Rose Lai
- Departments of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Preventive MedicineThe University of Southern California Keck School of MedicineLos AngelesCalifornia
| | - Sanjay Shete
- Department of BiostatisticsThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexas
| | - Christopher I. Amos
- Department of Community and Family MedicineDepartment of GeneticsNorris Cotton Cancer CenterGeisel School of Medicine at DartmouthHanoverNew Hampshire
| | | | - Melissa L. Bondy
- Department of PediatricsDivision of Hematology‐OncologyDan L. Duncan Cancer CenterBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexas
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