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Bandari R, Heravi-Karimooi M, Khosravi S, Yosefi P, Omidian M, Montazeri A. Psychometric properties of the Persian version of the COVID-19 Phobia Scale (C19P-S). BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:8. [PMID: 36600210 PMCID: PMC9811708 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-04507-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During various infectious pandemics, phobia or panic has been suggested as one of the most common mental disorders. The current study reports on the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the COVID-19 Phobia Scale (C19P-S) in Iran. METHODS The forward-backward translation procedure was applied to translate the English version of the C19P-S into Persian. Then, content and face validity, structural validity (exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses), convergent and discriminant validity, concurrent validity, reliability, and stability were performed to evaluate the Persian version. RESULTS In all, 660 people participated in the study. The mean age of patients was 35.55 (SD = 12.24) years. Exploratory factor analysis confirmed a four-factor structure for the scale. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that almost all fitness indices for the model were satisfactory (RMSEA = 0.06, CFI = 0.96, TLI = 0.96, IFI = 0.97). The Cronbach's alpha coefficient and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for the questionnaire were 0.95 and 0.96, respectively. CONCLUSION The Persian version of C19P-S showed good psychometric properties and a good fit for the four-factor structure. It can now be used to assess panic disorder in therapeutic settings and identify candidates needing clinical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razieh Bandari
- grid.486769.20000 0004 0384 8779Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Majideh Heravi-Karimooi
- Elderly Care Research Center, Faculty of Nursing & Midwifery, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Shaahin Khosravi
- grid.486769.20000 0004 0384 8779Kowsar Hospital, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Peghahsadat Yosefi
- grid.486769.20000 0004 0384 8779Department of Operation Room and Anesthesiology, Sorkheh School of Allied Medical Sciences, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Mehri Omidian
- grid.486769.20000 0004 0384 8779Kowsar Hospital, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Ali Montazeri
- Population Health Research Group, Health Metrics Research Centre, Iranian Institute for Health Sciences Research, ACECR, Tehran, Iran. .,Faculty of Humanity Sciences, University of Science &Culture, Tehran, Iran.
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Pharmacy Students' Mental Health and Resilience in COVID-19: An Assessment after One Year of Online Education. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ 2022; 12:1082-1107. [PMID: 36005226 PMCID: PMC9407568 DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe12080077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 has impacted mental health and affected education due to the shift to remote learning. The purpose of the current study was to assess the mental health of pharmacy students one year following the onset of the pandemic. A descriptive cross-sectional questionnaire was distributed to pharmacy students. The severity of depression, anxiety, and stress was assessed by the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21), and resilience was assessed by the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS). COVID-19-related economic, educational, and health stressors, and students’ vaccine attitudes were surveyed. Descriptive, bivariate, and multivariable analysis were used, and a p-value of <0.05 was considered significant. A total of 561 students participated; 37% had mild-to-moderate depression, 37% had severe-to-extremely-severe anxiety, and 52% demonstrated normal stress levels. Severe depression, anxiety, and stress were associated with smoking and feeling isolated due to COVID-19. Around 40% of students had low resilience, associated with smoking, being in the third or fourth year of pharmacy study, and the consumption of caffeinated beverages. The mean score of satisfaction with online learning was 60.3 ± 21.3%. Only 5% of participants were vaccinated, of which 87% trusted the benefits of vaccines and their role in controlling the pandemic. One year after the onset of COVID-19, depression, anxiety, stress, and low resilience were observed among pharmacy students; the investigation of the long-term mental effects of the pandemic on university students is warranted.
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Sunkara C, Thakkar R, Ong T, Bunnell BE. Characterizing Consumer Smartphone Apps for Virtual Reality-Based Exposure Therapy: Content Analysis (Preprint). J Med Internet Res 2022; 25:e41807. [PMID: 37058343 PMCID: PMC10148210 DOI: 10.2196/41807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In vivo exposure therapy is the most effective treatment for phobias but is often impractical. Virtual reality exposure therapy (VRET) can help overcome critical barriers to in vivo exposure therapy. However, accessible mobile software related to VRET is not well understood. OBJECTIVE The purpose of our study is to describe the landscape of accessible smartphone apps with potential utility for clinical VRET. METHODS We conducted a content analysis of publicly available smartphone apps related to virtual reality on the Google Play Store and the Apple App Store as of March 2020. RESULTS The initial search yielded 525 apps, with 84 apps (52 on the Google Play Store and 32 on the Apple App Store) included for analysis. The most common phobic stimulus depicted was bodies of water or weather events (25/84, 29.8%), followed by heights (24/84, 28.6%), and animals (23/84, 27.4%). More than half of the apps were visually abstract (39/84, 53.5%). Most apps were free to use (48/84, 57.1%), while the rest were free to try (22/84, 26.2%) or required payment for use (14/84, 16.7%), with the highest cost for use being US $6. The average overall app rating was 2.9 stars out of 5, but the number of ratings ranged from 0 to 49,233. None of the 84 apps advertised compliance with the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, offered the ability to monitor data, provided clinician control over variables in the app experiences, or explicitly stated use by or development with clinicians. CONCLUSIONS None of the smartphone apps reviewed were explicitly developed for phobia therapy. However, 16 of the 84 included apps were considered ideal candidates to investigate further as part of treatment due to their accessibility, depiction of phobia-relevant stimuli, low or no cost, and high user scores. Most of these apps were visually abstract and free to use, making them accessible and potentially flexible as part of clinical exposure hierarchies. However, none of the apps were designed for clinical use, nor did they provide tools for clinician workflows. Formal evaluation of these accessible smartphone apps is needed to understand the clinical potential of accessible VRET solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charvi Sunkara
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Rajvi Thakkar
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Triton Ong
- Doxy.me Research, Doxy.me Inc, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Brian E Bunnell
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
- Doxy.me Research, Doxy.me Inc, Rochester, NY, United States
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Khan NH, Hassan S, Bahader S, Fatima S, Zaidi SMIH, Virk R, Jiang K, Jiang E. How Daily Obstacles Affect Frontline Healthcare Professionals’ Mental Health during Omicron: A Daily Diary Study of Handwashing Behavior. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19148748. [PMID: 35886597 PMCID: PMC9320559 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Based on coping theory, the current research examines how and why COVID-19 phobia affects frontline healthcare professionals’ mental health, as well as their burnout and work-related stress. We focused on the mediating role of burnout and work-related stress in this study. In the current study, we also examined the moderating influence of healthcare professionals’ handwashing behavior using the Hayes Process model. We employed a daily diary approach to collect data from respondents in Pakistan’s frontline healthcare professionals (n = 79, 79 × 10 = 790) who were directly treating COVID-19 patients during the omicron wave. According to the findings of the study, COVID-19 phobia significantly disturbs healthcare professionals’ mental health, as well as significantly strengthens burnout and work-related stress. The findings also demonstrated that burnout significantly negatively influences mental health. The mediation influence of burnout and work-related stress in the association between COVID-19 phobia and mental health has shown to be significant. The moderation analysis revealed that high handwashing behavior significantly buffers the negative impact of COVID-19 phobia, as well as the adverse effect of burnout on healthcare professionals’ mental health. Moreover, our findings have theoretical and managerial implications, as well as new research directions for scholars to understand the adverse impact of daily obstacles on professionals’ (nurses and doctors, etc.) mental health and work performance, as well as issues based on resource conversation philosophy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sajid Hassan
- Department of Psychology, International Islamic University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan; (S.H.); (S.B.)
| | - Sher Bahader
- Department of Psychology, International Islamic University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan; (S.H.); (S.B.)
| | - Sidra Fatima
- University Gillani Law College, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60000, Pakistan;
| | | | - Razia Virk
- Department of Bio-Sciences, University Wah, Rawalpindi 47040, Pakistan;
| | - Kexin Jiang
- Institute of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China;
| | - Enshe Jiang
- Institute of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China;
- Correspondence:
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Khan AN, Khan NA, Ali A, Islam T. Editorial: Dark and Bright Side of Social Media in Current Normal. Front Psychol 2022; 13:926855. [PMID: 35874374 PMCID: PMC9298538 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.926855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Nawaz Khan
- Research Center of Hubei Micro & Small Enterprises Development, School of Economics and Management, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan, China
| | - Naseer Abbas Khan
- Department of Industrial Economics and Project Management, South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russia
| | - Ahsan Ali
- School of Economics and Management, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tahir Islam
- Research Center of Hubei Micro & Small Enterprises Development, School of Economics and Management, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan, China
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AY T, HIZLI SAYAR FG. Association between Metacognitive Beliefs and COVID-19 phobia in a community population: a cross-sectional study. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022:1-11. [PMID: 35791304 PMCID: PMC9247909 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03315-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the relationship between metacognitive beliefs and COVID-19 phobia. The sample included 514 Turkish adults, 295 of whom are women (57,4%), and 219 are men (42,6%). Their ages ranged between 18 and 70 years (M = 32.96, SD = 10.79). COVID-19 Phobia Scale (C19P-S) and Metacognitions Questionnaire-30 (MCQ-30) were administered. Our analysis showed that women reported significantly higher COVID-19 phobia. The participants with chronic illnesses showed significantly higher COVID-19 phobia and MCQ-30 scores. It was found that C19P-S total score positively correlated with negative beliefs about worry concerning uncontrollability of thoughts, the need to control thoughts, cognitive self-consciousness, positive beliefs, cognitive confidence, and MCQ-30 total score respectively (r = .47, p < .001; r = .33, p < .001; r = .30, p < .001; r = .29, p < .001; r = .12, p < .001; r = .44, p < .001). Then, hierarchical multiple regression was conducted, and the relationships were tested via structural equation modeling. To sum up, it can be concluded that negative beliefs about worry concerning the uncontrollability of thoughts contribute to COVID-19 phobia. However, explained variance was small suggesting that there are additional factors involved. These results provided preliminary findings relating to the association between metacognitive beliefs and coronavirus phobia symptoms. Further longitudinal research is necessary to determine the causal direction of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuğba AY
- Gebze Technical College, Turkish Ministry of National Education, Kocaeli, Turkey
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The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the development of anxiety disorders - a literature review. CURRENT PROBLEMS OF PSYCHIATRY 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/cpp-2021-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction: The COVID-19 is a disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. A number of psychological symptoms have been identified in people living during the COVID-19 pandemic. Most of them are associated with widely understood anxiety disorders, which have always been a significant problem for mental health.
Materials and methods: The available literature was reviewed on the Pubmed platform and from other sources. The analysis included original studies, reviews, meta-analyzes and internet sources. The aim of the study was to review the literature on the relationship between the COVID-19 pandemic and the occurrence and severity of symptoms of anxiety disorders.
Results: The studies conducted so far show that the COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the mental state of people around the world, especially in the area of anxiety disorders. Many studies indicate an increase in the prevalence of symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder. Research also indicates a greater incidence of post-traumatic stress disorder and panic disorder in society. Symptoms of somatization were also quite often observed in patients. However, the state of published studies indicates that the pandemic did not significantly affect the severity of symptoms associated with social phobia. In the context of phobic disorders, a new type has been formulated: COVID-19-related phobia.
Conclusions: The conducted literature review shows that the current COVID-19 pandemic is associated with an increase in the prevalence of symptoms of anxiety disorders in the general population. The multifaceted nature of the issue of anxiety disorders in the COVID-19 pandemic clearly indicates the need to continue research in this area.
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Karadag M, Demir B. The impact of impulsivity and school attendance on COVID-19 spread: A web-based cross-sectional questionnaire. PSYCHOLOGY IN THE SCHOOLS 2022; 60:PITS22700. [PMID: 35572173 PMCID: PMC9088339 DOI: 10.1002/pits.22700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Some personal and social decisions can be influential in the spread of COVID-19. There are no studies examining school attendance, impulsivity, COVID-19 phobia, and psychological resilience together while the effect of some individual and social measures on COVID-19 has been frequently investigated. In this study 360 participants were evaluated through an online questionnaire method during the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic. Sociodemographic data form prepared by the researchers, COVID-19 Phobia Scale, Barratt Impulsivity Scale, and Brief Resilience Scale were used in the study. In all, 20.6% (n = 74) of participants had previously experienced COVID-19. The rate of individuals who experienced the death of any of their relatives due to COVID-19 was 17.8%. Only 65.8% of respondents fully complied with government-implemented measures for the outbreak. School attendance (OR = 1.983, p = .033) and impulsivity (OR = 1.115, p < .001) were found to be positively correlated with COVID-19. The presence of a significantly higher psychiatric disease admission history in patients with COVID-19 in binary comparisons did not reach the level of significance in regression analysis. Our results suggest that high school attendance and impulsivity scores are positively correlated with COVID-19 in young people. Government strategies related to schools need to be carefully reviewed for this reason.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Karadag
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry DepartmentGaziantep University Medical SchoolGaziantepTurkey
| | - Bahadir Demir
- Psychiatry DepartmentGaziantep University Medical SchoolGaziantepTurkey
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Ong T, Wilczewski H, Soni H, Nisbet Q, Paige SR, Barrera JF, Welch BM, Bunnell BE. The Symbiosis of Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy and Telemental Health: A Review. FRONTIERS IN VIRTUAL REALITY 2022; 3:848066. [PMID: 37483657 PMCID: PMC10361704 DOI: 10.3389/frvir.2022.848066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Phobias and related anxiety are common and costly mental health disorders. Experts anticipate the prevalence of phobias will increase due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Exposure therapies have been established as effective and reliable treatments for anxiety, including recent innovations in virtual reality-based exposure therapy (VRET). With the recent advent of telemental health (TMH), VRET is poised to become mainstream. The combination of VRET and TMH has the potential to extend provider treatment options and improve patient care experiences. In this narrative review, we describe how recent events have accelerated VRET + TMH, identify barriers to VRET + TMH implementation, and discuss strategies to navigate those barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Triton Ong
- Doxy.me Research, Doxy.me Inc., Rochester, NY, United States
| | | | - Hiral Soni
- Doxy.me Research, Doxy.me Inc., Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Quinn Nisbet
- Doxy.me Research, Doxy.me Inc., Rochester, NY, United States
| | | | - Janelle F. Barrera
- Doxy.me Research, Doxy.me Inc., Rochester, NY, United States
- Biomedical Informatics Center, Public Health and Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Brandon M. Welch
- Doxy.me Research, Doxy.me Inc., Rochester, NY, United States
- Innovation in Mental Health Lab, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Brian E. Bunnell
- Doxy.me Research, Doxy.me Inc., Rochester, NY, United States
- Biomedical Informatics Center, Public Health and Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
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Ali AM, Alkhamees AA, Abd Elhay ES, Taha SM, Hendawy AO. COVID-19-Related Psychological Trauma and Psychological Distress Among Community-Dwelling Psychiatric Patients: People Struck by Depression and Sleep Disorders Endure the Greatest Burden. Front Public Health 2022; 9:799812. [PMID: 35071173 PMCID: PMC8777039 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.799812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 has created a general state of worry and distress, especially among vulnerable groups such as those with psychiatric diagnoses. Worldwide, psychiatric care provision has drastically suffered during the pandemic, with many patients unable to access proper care, which may have implications for increased mental health consequences in patients with psychiatric disorders (e.g., relapse and suicide). This cross-sectional study used structural equation modeling to investigate COVID-19-related trauma and distress among Arab psychiatric population during COVID-19 quarantine. Patients with pre-existing psychiatric disorders (N = 168) completed an online survey that comprised the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale 21 (DASS-21), the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R), and a questionnaire on COVID-19-related attitudes/perceptions, sources of information, used protective measures, and socio-demographic information. Respondents commonly reported feeling down-hearted/blue, trouble concentrating, along with symptoms of avoidance and rumination related to the pandemic. Patients with depression and sleep disorders expressed higher COVID-19-related trauma than patients with other disorders. Perceived physical health mediated the effect of co-morbid chronic physical disorders on COVID-19 trauma, psychological distress, perceived vulnerability to COVID-19, and perceived likelihood of recovery in case of contracting COVID-19. Perceived physical health and perceived vulnerability to COVID-19 were strong direct predictors of COVID-19-related trauma and psychological distress. Staying at home negatively predicted COVID-19 trauma and exerted an indirect negative effect on psychological distress via COVID-19 trauma. COVID-19 trauma, age, and marital status directly predicted psychological distress, with COVID-19 trauma being the strongest predictor. Educational level, income, having family members working in the medical field, keeping up to date with the news on deaths/infected cases or the development of COVID-19 drugs or vaccines, satisfaction with available information on COVID-19, and using different protective measures were not associated with significant differences in COVID-19 trauma and psychological distress scores. Immuno-psychiatric interventions should be designed to target COVID-19-trauma and distress among younger single patients with perceived poor physical health, especially those diagnosed with depression and sleep disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira M. Ali
- Department of Behavioral Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan,Department of Psychiatric Nursing and Mental Health, Faculty of Nursing, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Abdulmajeed A. Alkhamees
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia,*Correspondence: Abdulmajeed A. Alkhamees
| | - Eman S. Abd Elhay
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing and Mental Health, Faculty of Nursing, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Samah M. Taha
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing and Mental Health, Faculty of Nursing, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Amin O. Hendawy
- Department of Biological Production, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan,Department of Animal and Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
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Sahin CE, Deger MS, Sezerol MA, Ozdemir MY. Covid-19 phobia in prehospital emergency medical services workers in Turkey. Niger J Clin Pract 2022; 25:1239-1246. [DOI: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_2035_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Obschonka M, Cai Q, Chan ACY, Marsalis S, Basha SAJ, Lee SK, Gewirtz AH. International psychological research addressing the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic: A rapid scoping review and implications for global psychology. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 57:1-19. [PMID: 34904220 DOI: 10.1002/ijop.12823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 a global pandemic. Given that keeping abreast of international perspectives and research results is of particular importance for such massive global emergencies, we employed a scoping review methodology to rapidly map the field of international psychological research addressing this important early phase of the pandemic. We included a total of 79 studies, with data mostly collected between March and June 2020. This review aimed to systematically identify and map the nature and scope of international studies examining psychological aspects of the unfolding COVID-19 pandemic. We mapped key research themes, subfields of psychology, the nature and extent of international research collaboration, data methods employed, and challenges and enablers faced by psychological researchers in the early stages of the pandemic. Among the wide range of themes covered, mental health and social behaviours were the key themes. Most studies were in clinical/health psychology and social psychology. Network analyses revealed how authors collaborated and to what extent the studies were international. Europe and the United States were often at the centre of international collaboration. The predominant study design was cross-sectional and online with quantitative analyses. We also summarised author reported critical challenges and enablers for international psychological research during the COVID pandemic, and conclude with implications for the field of psychology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Obschonka
- School of Management, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Qiyue Cai
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Athena C Y Chan
- Department of Family Social Science, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Scott Marsalis
- University Libraries, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Sydni A J Basha
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Sun-Kyung Lee
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Abigail H Gewirtz
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.,Department of Family Social Science, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Association between Immunoglobulin G Levels and Adverse Effects Following Vaccination with the BNT162b2 Vaccine among Japanese Healthcare Workers. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9101149. [PMID: 34696257 PMCID: PMC8539103 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9101149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to assess the association between the amount of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and the duration of adverse effects of COVID-19 vaccinations in the Japanese population. This cross-sectional study was conducted from April 2020 to August 2021 among workers at a community hospital. All participants received two doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine (Pfizer-BioNTech) in March and April 2021. Vaccine side effects were measured using a self-administered questionnaire. Serum anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG was measured 3 months after vaccination. There was a total of 338 participants (mean age: 44.7 years). The incidence of adverse reactions after vaccination was higher in women. Adverse reactions associated with higher IgG levels included: erythema at the injection site after the first dose; induration and inflammation at the injection site; and systemic symptoms, e.g., fever and headache after the second dose. IgG levels were higher in younger participants. These findings could mitigate fears regarding the mild adverse effects of the COVID-19 vaccine and encourage uptake of the BNT162b2 vaccine.
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14
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Di Pierro F, Derosa G, Maffioli P, Bertuccioli A, Togni S, Riva A, Allegrini P, Khan A, Khan S, Khan BA, Altaf N, Zahid M, Ujjan ID, Nigar R, Khushk MI, Phulpoto M, Lail A, Devrajani BR, Ahmed S. Possible Therapeutic Effects of Adjuvant Quercetin Supplementation Against Early-Stage COVID-19 Infection: A Prospective, Randomized, Controlled, and Open-Label Study. Int J Gen Med 2021; 14:2359-2366. [PMID: 34135619 PMCID: PMC8197660 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s318720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Quercetin, a well-known naturally occurring polyphenol, has recently been shown by molecular docking, in vitro and in vivo studies to be a possible anti-COVID-19 candidate. Quercetin has strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and antiviral properties, and it is characterized by a very high safety profile, exerted in animals and in humans. Like most other polyphenols, quercetin shows a very low rate of oral absorption and its clinical use is considered by most of modest utility. Quercetin in a delivery-food grade system with sunflower phospholipids (Quercetin Phytosome®, QP) increases its oral absorption up to 20-fold. Methods In the present prospective, randomized, controlled, and open-label study, a daily dose of 1000 mg of QP was investigated for 30 days in 152 COVID-19 outpatients to disclose its adjuvant effect in treating the early symptoms and in preventing the severe outcomes of the disease. Results The results revealed a reduction in frequency and length of hospitalization, in need of non-invasive oxygen therapy, in progression to intensive care units and in number of deaths. The results also confirmed the very high safety profile of quercetin and suggested possible anti-fatigue and pro-appetite properties. Conclusion QP is a safe agent and in combination with standard care, when used in early stage of viral infection, could aid in improving the early symptoms and help in preventing the severity of COVID-19 disease. It is suggested that a double-blind, placebo-controlled study should be urgently carried out to confirm the results of our study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Di Pierro
- Scientific & Research Department, Velleja Research, Milan, Italy.,Digestive Endoscopy, Fondazione Poliambulanza, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Derosa
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Pamela Maffioli
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Togni
- Indena Research and Development Department, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonella Riva
- Indena Research and Development Department, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Amjad Khan
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Saeed Khan
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Dow International Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Bilal Ahmad Khan
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Dow International Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Naireen Altaf
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Dow International Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Maria Zahid
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Dow International Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Ikram Din Ujjan
- Department of Pathology, Liaquat University of Medical & Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Roohi Nigar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Liaquat University of Medical & Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Mehwish Imam Khushk
- Department of Pathology, Liaquat University of Medical & Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Maryam Phulpoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Liaquat University of Medical & Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Amanullah Lail
- Department of Paediatric Dow International Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Bikha Ram Devrajani
- Department of Medicine, Liaquat University of Medical & Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Sagheer Ahmed
- Shifa College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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