1
|
Wang Z, Zang R, Niu Z, Wang W, Wang X, Tang Y. Synthesis and antiviral effect of phosphamide modified vidarabine for treating HSV 1 infections. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 52:128405. [PMID: 34624489 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.128405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Vidarabine (ARA) was one of the earliest marine-related compounds to be used clinically for antiviral therapy, however, its fast metabolism is the main defect of this drug. To overcome this, we designed and synthesized a group of phosphamide-modified ARA compounds using ProTide technology. With a phosphamide modification, these compounds could become the substrate of specific phospholipase enzymes expressed in the liver. Among all 16 synthesized compounds, most showed stronger activity against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) than ARA (EC50 of approximately 10 μM). The top three compounds were compound 2 (EC50 = 0.52 ± 0.04 μM), compound 6 (EC50 = 1.05 ± 0.09 μM) and compound 15 (EC50 = 1.18 ± 0.08 μM) (about 2 times higher than Sp type compound 2). This study provides evidence for use of the phosphamide modification, which could give ARA higher activity and liver cell targeting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Ruochen Zang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Zhao Niu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, PR China; Center for Innovation Marine Drug Screening &Evaluation, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, PR China.
| | - Yu Tang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology Qingdao 266237, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Topalis D, Gillemot S, Snoeck R, Andrei G. Thymidine kinase and protein kinase in drug-resistant herpesviruses: Heads of a Lernaean Hydra. Drug Resist Updat 2018; 37:1-16. [PMID: 29548479 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Herpesviruses thymidine kinase (TK) and protein kinase (PK) allow the activation of nucleoside analogues used in anti-herpesvirus treatments. Mutations emerging in these two genes often lead to emergence of drug-resistant strains responsible for life-threatening diseases in immunocompromised populations. In this review, we analyze the binding of different nucleoside analogues to the TK active site of the three α-herpesviruses [Herpes Simplex Virus 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2) and Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV)] and present the impact of known mutations on the structure of the viral TKs. Furthermore, models of β-herpesviruses [Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6)] PKs allow to link amino acid changes with resistance to ganciclovir and/or maribavir, an investigational chemotherapeutic used in patients with multidrug-resistant HCMV. Finally, we set the basis for the understanding of drug-resistance in γ-herpesviruses [Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and Kaposi's sarcoma associated herpesvirus (KSHV)] TK and PK through the use of animal surrogate models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitri Topalis
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49-box 1043, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Sarah Gillemot
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49-box 1043, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Robert Snoeck
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49-box 1043, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Graciela Andrei
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49-box 1043, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Synthesis and in vitro antiproliferative evaluation of novel N-alkylated 6-isobutyl- and propyl pyrimidine derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:2913-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.04.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Revised: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
4
|
Meščić A, Betzel T, Müller A, Slavik R, Čermak S, Raić-Malić S, Ametamey SM. Synthesis and biological evaluation of a new acyclic pyrimidine derivative as a probe for imaging herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase gene expression. Molecules 2013; 18:8535-49. [PMID: 23877048 PMCID: PMC6270388 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18078535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Revised: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
With the idea of finding a more selective radiotracer for imaging herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase (HSV1-tk) gene expression by means of positron emission tomography (PET), a novel [¹⁸F]fluorine radiolabeled pyrimidine with 4-hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)butyl side chain at N-1 (HHB-5-[¹⁸F]FEP) was prepared and evaluated as a potential PET probe. Unlabeled reference compound, HHB-5-FEP, was synthesized via a five-step reaction sequence starting from 5-(2-acetoxyethyl)-4-methoxypyrimidin-2-one. The radiosynthesis of HHB-[¹⁸F]-FEP was accomplished by nucleophilic radiofluorination of a tosylate precursor using [¹⁸F]fluoride-cryptate complex in 45% ± 4 (n = 4) radiochemical yields and high purity (>99%). The biological evaluation indicated the feasibility of using HHB-5-[¹⁸F]FEP as a PET radiotracer for monitoring HSV1-tk expression in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrijana Meščić
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 20, P.O. Box 177, HR-10 000 Zagreb, Croatia; E-Mails:
| | - Thomas Betzel
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology), Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland; E-Mails: (T.B.); (A.M.); (R.S.); (S.Č.)
| | - Adrienne Müller
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology), Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland; E-Mails: (T.B.); (A.M.); (R.S.); (S.Č.)
| | - Roger Slavik
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology), Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland; E-Mails: (T.B.); (A.M.); (R.S.); (S.Č.)
| | - Stjepko Čermak
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology), Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland; E-Mails: (T.B.); (A.M.); (R.S.); (S.Č.)
| | - Silvana Raić-Malić
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 20, P.O. Box 177, HR-10 000 Zagreb, Croatia; E-Mails:
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (S.R.-M.); (S.M.A.); Tel.: + 385-1-4597-213 (S.R.-M.); Fax: +385-1-4597-224 (S.R.-M.); Tel.: +41-44-633-7463 (S.M.A.); Fax: +41-44-633-1367 (S.M.A.)
| | - Simon M. Ametamey
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology), Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland; E-Mails: (T.B.); (A.M.); (R.S.); (S.Č.)
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (S.R.-M.); (S.M.A.); Tel.: + 385-1-4597-213 (S.R.-M.); Fax: +385-1-4597-224 (S.R.-M.); Tel.: +41-44-633-7463 (S.M.A.); Fax: +41-44-633-1367 (S.M.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yaghoubi SS, Campbell DO, Radu CG, Czernin J. Positron emission tomography reporter genes and reporter probes: gene and cell therapy applications. Am J Cancer Res 2012; 2:374-91. [PMID: 22509201 PMCID: PMC3326723 DOI: 10.7150/thno.3677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2011] [Accepted: 02/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging reporter genes (IRGs) and PET reporter probes (PRPs) are amongst the most valuable tools for gene and cell therapy. PET IRGs/PRPs can be used to non-invasively monitor all aspects of the kinetics of therapeutic transgenes and cells in all types of living mammals. This technology is generalizable and can allow long-term kinetics monitoring. In gene therapy, PET IRGs/PRPs can be used for whole-body imaging of therapeutic transgene expression, monitoring variations in the magnitude of transgene expression over time. In cell or cellular gene therapy, PET IRGs/PRPs can be used for whole-body monitoring of therapeutic cell locations, quantity at all locations, survival and proliferation over time and also possibly changes in characteristics or function over time. In this review, we have classified PET IRGs/PRPs into two groups based on the source from which they were derived: human or non-human. This classification addresses the important concern of potential immunogenicity in humans, which is important for expansion of PET IRG imaging in clinical trials. We have then discussed the application of this technology in gene/cell therapy and described its use in these fields, including a summary of using PET IRGs/PRPs in gene and cell therapy clinical trials. This review concludes with a discussion of the future direction of PET IRGs/PRPs and recommends cell and gene therapists collaborate with molecular imaging experts early in their investigations to choose a PET IRG/PRP system suitable for progression into clinical trials.
Collapse
|
6
|
Müller U, Martić M, Kraljević TG, Krištafor S, Ross TL, Ranadheera C, Müller A, Born M, Krämer SD, Raić-Malić S, Ametamey SM. Synthesis and evaluation of a C-6 alkylated pyrimidine derivative for the in vivo imaging of HSV1-TK gene expression. Nucl Med Biol 2012; 39:235-46. [PMID: 21958846 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2011.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2011] [Revised: 06/22/2011] [Accepted: 07/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ursina Müller
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Martić M, Pernot L, Westermaier Y, Perozzo R, Kraljević TG, Krištafor S, Raić-Malić S, Scapozza L, Ametamey S. Synthesis, crystal structure, and in vitro biological evaluation of C-6 pyrimidine derivatives: new lead structures for monitoring gene expression in vivo. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2011; 30:293-315. [PMID: 21623543 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2011.581258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Novel C-6 substituted pyrimidine derivatives are good substrates of herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase (HSV1-TK). Enzyme kinetic experiments showed that our lead compound, N-methyl DHBT (N-methyl-6-(1,3-dihydroxyisobutyl) thymine; N-Me DHBT), is phosphorylated at a similar rate compared to "gold standard" 9-[4-fluoro-3-(hydroxymethyl)butyl]guanine, FHBG, (K(m) = 10 ± 0.3 μM; k(cat) = 0.036 ± 0.015 sec(-1)). Additionally, it does not show cytotoxic properties on B16F1 cells up to a concentration of 10 mM. The x-ray analysis of the crystal structures of HSV1-TK with N-Me DHBT and of HSV1-TK with the fluorinated derivative N-Me FHBT confirmed the binding mode predicted by docking studies and their substrate characteristics. Moreover, the crystal structure of HSV1-TK with N-Me DHBT revealed an additional water-mediated H-bond interesting for the design of further analogues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miljen Martić
- Center for Pharmaceutical Science of ETH, PSI and USZ, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Krištafor S, Novaković I, Gazivoda Kraljević T, Kraljević Pavelić S, Lučin P, Westermaier Y, Pernot L, Scapozza L, Ametamey SM, Raić-Malić S. A new N-methyl thymine derivative comprising a dihydroxyisobutenyl unit as ligand for thymidine kinase of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1 TK). Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:6161-5. [PMID: 21911293 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.07.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2011] [Revised: 07/27/2011] [Accepted: 07/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Svjetlana Krištafor
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Krištafor S, Meščić A, Cetina M, Korunda S, Makuc D, Plavec J, Raić-Malić S. Synthesis, structural and conformational studies of Z- and E-isomers of fluorinated C-6 isobutenyl N-methyl thymine derivatives. J Fluor Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2011.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
10
|
Krištafor S, Kraljević TG, Ametamey SM, Cetina M, Ratkaj I, Haček RT, Pavelić SK, Raić-Malić S. Syntheses and Antitumor Evaluation of C(6)-Isobutyl- and C(6)-Isobutenyl-Substituted Pyrimidines, and Dihydropyrrolo[1,2-c]pyrimidine-1,3-diones. Chem Biodivers 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201000202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
11
|
Kraljević TG, Petrović M, Krištafor S, Makuc D, Plavec J, Ross TL, Ametamey SM, Raić-Malić S. Methoxymethyl (MOM) group nitrogen protection of pyrimidines bearing C-6 acyclic side-chains. Molecules 2011; 16:5113-29. [PMID: 21694675 PMCID: PMC6264546 DOI: 10.3390/molecules16065113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2011] [Revised: 06/15/2011] [Accepted: 06/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel N-methoxymethylated (MOM) pyrimidine (4−13) and pyrimidine-2,4-diones (15−17) nucleoside mimetics in which an isobutyl side-chain is attached at the C-6 position of the pyrimidine moiety were synthesized. Synthetic methods viaO-persilylated or N-anionic uracil derivatives have been evaluated for the synthesis of N-1- and/or N-3-MOM pyrimidine derivatives with C-6 acyclic side-chains. A synthetic approach using an activated N-anionic pyrimidine derivative afforded the desired N,N-1,3-diMOM and N-1-MOM pyrimidines 4 and 5 in good yield. Introduction of fluorine into the side-chain was performed with DAST as the fluorinating reagent to give a N,N-1,3-diMOM pyrimidine 13 with a 1-fluoro-3-hydroxyisobutyl moiety at C-6. Conformational study of the monotritylated N-1-MOM pyrimidine 12 by the use of the NOE experiments revealed the predominant conformation of the compound to be one where the hydroxymethyl group in the C-6 side-chain is close to the N-1-MOM moiety, while the OMTr is in proximity to the CH3-5 group. Contrary to this no NOE enhancements between the N-1-MOM group and hydroxymethyl or fluoromethyl protons in 13 were observed, which suggested a nonrestricted rotation along the C-6 side-chain. Fluorinated N,N-1,3-diMOM pyrimidine 13 emerged as a model compound for development of tracer molecules for non-invasive imaging of gene expression using positron emission tomography (PET).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Gazivoda Kraljević
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 20, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; (T.G.K.); (S.R.-M.); Tel.: +385-1-4597-213; Fax: +385-1-4597-224
| | - Martina Petrović
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 20, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Svjetlana Krištafor
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 20, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Damjan Makuc
- Slovenian NMR centre, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- EN-FIST Centre of Exellence, Dunajska 156, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janez Plavec
- Slovenian NMR centre, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- EN-FIST Centre of Exellence, Dunajska 156, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva cesta 5, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tobias L. Ross
- Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Fritz-Strassmann Weg 2, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Simon M. Ametamey
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology), Wolfgang-Pauli Strasse 10, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Silvana Raić-Malić
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 20, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; (T.G.K.); (S.R.-M.); Tel.: +385-1-4597-213; Fax: +385-1-4597-224
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kraljević TG, Krištafor S, Šuman L, Kralj M, Ametamey SM, Cetina M, Raić-Malić S. Synthesis, X-ray crystal structure study and antitumoral evaluations of 5,6-disubstituted pyrimidine derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 18:2704-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2009] [Revised: 02/05/2010] [Accepted: 02/12/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
13
|
Krištafor S, Gazivoda T, Cetina M, Makuc D, Plavec J, Raić-Malić S. Synthesis and structural characterization of the C-6 fluoroalkylated pyrimidine derivatives. J Mol Struct 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2008.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
14
|
Gazivoda T, Raić-Malić S, Hergold-Brundić A, Cetina M. Synthesis and structural characterization of the 5-(2-haloethyl)pyrimidines--hydrogen-bonded chains in alpha-(1-carbamyliminomethylene)-gamma-butyrolactone. Molecules 2008; 13:2786-95. [PMID: 19002079 PMCID: PMC6245454 DOI: 10.3390/molecules13112786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2008] [Revised: 09/26/2008] [Accepted: 10/13/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Three novel 5-(2-haloethyl)pyrimidine derivatives were synthesized and characterized by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, MS, IR spectra and elemental analysis. Iodine and chlorine atoms in the C-5 side chain were introduced by reaction of 5-(2-hydroxyethyl)pyrimidine with hydroiodic acid and phosphoryl chloride, respectively. The structure of the intermediate alpha-(1-carbamyliminomethylene)-gamma-butyrolactone was determined by X-ray crystal structure analysis. The molecule deviates very slightly from planarity. Three N-H...O hydrogen bonds link the molecules into one-dimensional chains of edge-fused rings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Gazivoda
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 20, P.O. Box 177, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Silvana Raić-Malić
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 20, P.O. Box 177, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Antonija Hergold-Brundić
- Laboratory of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mario Cetina
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Textile Technology, University of Zagreb, Prilaz baruna Filipovića 28a, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Gazivoda T, Krištafor S, Cetina M, Nagl A, Raić-Malić S. Synthesis and structural studies of C-5 aryl- and C-6 alkyl-substituted pyrimidine derivatives. Struct Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-008-9302-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
16
|
Prekupec S, Makuc D, Plavec J, Suman L, Kralj M, Pavelić K, Balzarini J, Clercq ED, Mintas M, Raić-Malić S. Novel C-6 Fluorinated Acyclic Side Chain Pyrimidine Derivatives: Synthesis, 1H and 13C NMR Conformational Studies, and Antiviral and Cytostatic Evaluations. J Med Chem 2007; 50:3037-45. [PMID: 17539622 DOI: 10.1021/jm0614329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The synthetic route for introduction of a fluoroalkyl (7-12, 14), fluoroalkenyl (15 and 16), fluorophenylalkyl (17, 19, 20, and 22), and fluorophenylalkenyl (18, 21) side chain at C-6 of the pyrimidine involved the lithiation of the pyrimidine derivatives 3 and 3a and subsequent nucleophilic addition or substitution reactions of the organolithium intermediate thus obtained with various electrophiles. Conformational properties of the novel fluorinated pyrimidine derivatives were assessed by the use of 1D difference NOE enhancements and C-F coupling constants. Compounds 4-22 were evaluated for their antiviral and cytostatic activities. Of all compounds evaluated, the 5-bromopyrimidine derivatives 5 and 6 showed the highest inhibitory activities. Among the series of fluoroalkylated pyrimidines, which is generally more active than the series of fluorophenylalkylated pyrimidines, compounds 8 and 14 displayed moderate cytostatic activities against the tested tumor cell lines. Moreover, compound 8 containing a 2-fluoromethylpropyl side chain expressed some but not highly specific activity against varicella-zoster virus (VZV). From C-6 fluorophenylalkylated pyrimidine derivatives, 17a and 21 showed a slight activity against cytomegalovirus (CMV), VZV, and Coxsackie B4 virus, respectively. Besides, compounds 17a and 21 showed no cytotoxic effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Svjetlana Prekupec
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 20, P.O. Box 177, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|