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Trimmer C, Arroyave R, Vuilleumier C, Wu L, Dumer A, DeLaura C, Kim J, Pierce GM, Borisovska M, De Nanteuil F, Emberger M, Varganov Y, Margot C, Rogers ME, Pfister P. Allosteric modulation of a human odorant receptor. Curr Biol 2023; 33:1523-1534.e4. [PMID: 36977419 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Odor perception is first determined by how the myriad of environmental volatiles are detected at the periphery of the olfactory system. The combinatorial activation of dedicated odorant receptors generates enough encoding power for the discrimination of tens of thousands of odorants. Recent studies have revealed that odorant receptors undergo widespread inhibitory modulation of their activity when presented with mixtures of odorants, a property likely required to maintain discrimination and ensure sparsity of the code for complex mixtures. Here, we establish the role of human OR5AN1 in the detection of musks and identify distinct odorants capable of enhancing its activity in binary mixtures. Chemical and pharmacological characterization indicate that specific α-β unsaturated aliphatic aldehydes act as positive allosteric modulators. Sensory experiments show decreased odor detection threshold in humans, suggesting that allosteric modulation of odorant receptors is perceptually relevant and likely adds another layer of complexity to how odors are encoded in the peripheral olfactory system.
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2
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Application of artificial intelligence to decode the relationships between smell, olfactory receptors and small molecules. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18817. [PMID: 36335231 PMCID: PMC9637086 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23176-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Deciphering the relationship between molecules, olfactory receptors (ORs) and corresponding odors remains a challenging task. It requires a comprehensive identification of ORs responding to a given odorant. With the recent advances in artificial intelligence and the growing research in decoding the human olfactory perception from chemical features of odorant molecules, the applications of advanced machine learning have been revived. In this study, Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Graphical Convolutional Network (GCN) models have been developed on odorant molecules-odors and odorant molecules-olfactory receptors using a large set of 5955 molecules, 160 odors and 106 olfactory receptors. The performance of such models is promising with a Precision/Recall Area Under Curve of 0.66 for the odorant-odor and 0.91 for the odorant-olfactory receptor GCN models respectively. Furthermore, based on the correspondence of odors and ORs associated for a set of 389 compounds, an odor-olfactory receptor pairwise score was computed for each odor-OR combination allowing to suggest a combinatorial relationship between olfactory receptors and odors. Overall, this analysis demonstrate that artificial intelligence may pave the way in the identification of the smell perception and the full repertoire of receptors for a given odorant molecule.
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Synthesis of Cyclic Fragrances via Transformations of Alkenes, Alkynes and Enynes: Strategies and Recent Progress. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27113576. [PMID: 35684511 PMCID: PMC9182196 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27113576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
With increasing demand for customized commodities and the greater insight and understanding of olfaction, the synthesis of fragrances with diverse structures and odor characters has become a core task. Recent progress in organic synthesis and catalysis enables the rapid construction of carbocycles and heterocycles from readily available unsaturated molecular building blocks, with increased selectivity, atom economy, sustainability and product diversity. In this review, synthetic methods for creating cyclic fragrances, including both natural and synthetic ones, will be discussed, with a focus on the key transformations of alkenes, alkynes, dienes and enynes. Several strategies will be discussed, including cycloaddition, catalytic cyclization, ring-closing metathesis, intramolecular addition, and rearrangement reactions. Representative examples and the featured olfactory investigations will be highlighted, along with some perspectives on future developments in this area.
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4
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Paschke AS, Selishchev D, Lyulyukin M, Kozlov D. Selective visible-light-induced photooxidation of benzylic alcohols to corresponding carbonyl compounds over titanium dioxide: A study of the structure-reactivity relationship. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2022.112263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Fitzwater E, Coppola DM. Olfactory Deprivation and Enrichment: An Identity of Opposites? Chem Senses 2020; 46:5939855. [PMID: 33103187 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjaa071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of deprivation and enrichment on the electroolfactogram of mice were studied through the paradigms of unilateral naris occlusion and odor induction, respectively. Deprivation was shown to cause an increase in electroolfactogram amplitudes after 7 days. We also show that unilateral naris occlusion is not detrimental to the gross anatomical appearance or electroolfactogram of either the ipsilateral or contralateral olfactory epithelium even after year-long survival periods, consistent with our previous assumptions. Turning to induction, the increase in olfactory responses after a period of odor enrichment, could not be shown in CD-1 outbred mice for any odorant tried. However, consistent with classical studies, it was evident in C57BL/6J inbred mice, which are initially insensitive to isovaleric acid. As is the case for deprivation, enriching C57BL/6J mice with isovaleric acid causes an increase in their electroolfactogram response to this odorant over time. In several experiments on C57BL/6J mice, the odorant specificity, onset timing, recovery timing, and magnitude of the induction effect were studied. Considered together, the current findings and previous work from the laboratory support the counterintuitive conclusion that both compensatory plasticity in response to deprivation and induction in response to odor enrichment are caused by the same underlying homeostatic mechanism, the purpose of which is to preserve sensory information flow no matter the odorant milieu. This hypothesis, the detailed evidence supporting it, and speculations concerning human odor induction are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Fitzwater
- Department of Biology, Randolph-Macon College, Ashland, VA, USA
| | - David M Coppola
- Department of Biology, Randolph-Macon College, Ashland, VA, USA
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Natsch A, Emter R. The specific biochemistry of human axilla odour formation viewed in an evolutionary context. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2020; 375:20190269. [PMID: 32306870 PMCID: PMC7209930 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human body odour is dominated by the scent of specific odourants emanating from specialized glands in the axillary region. These specific odourants are produced by an intricate interplay between biochemical pathways in the host and odour-releasing enzymes present in commensal microorganisms of the axillary microbiome. Key biochemical steps for the release of highly odouriferous carboxylic acids and sulfur compounds have been elucidated over the past 15 years. Based on the profound molecular understanding and specific analytical methods developed, evolutionary questions could be asked for the first time with small population studies: (i) a genetic basis for body odour could be shown with a twin study, (ii) no effect of genes in the human leukocyte antigen complex on the pattern of odourant carboxylic acid was found, and (iii) loss of odour precursor secretion by a mutation in the ABCC11 gene could explain why a large fraction of the population in the Far East lack body odour formation. This review summarizes what is currently known at the molecular level on the biochemistry of the formation of key odourants in the human axilla. At the same time, we present for the first time the crystal structure of the Nα-acyl-aminoacylase, a key human odour-releasing enzyme, thus describing at the molecular level how bacteria on the skin surface have adapted their enzyme to the specific substrates secreted by the human host. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Olfactory communication in humans'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Natsch
- Givaudan Schweiz AG, Kemptpark 50, CH-8310 Kemptthal, Switzerland
| | - Roger Emter
- Givaudan Schweiz AG, Kemptpark 50, CH-8310 Kemptthal, Switzerland
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7
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Zou LQ, Vogt O, Schriever VA, Croy I, Schaal B, Hummel T. Decreasing prevalence of specific anosmia to non-steroid odorants from childhood to adolescence. Physiol Behav 2020; 218:112833. [PMID: 32061678 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.112833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Specific anosmia is defined as the inability to detect a particular odorant, despite a normal olfactory function. Previous studies reported sex-related difference in detection threshold to steroid odorants, like androstenone or androstadienone during adolescence, and boys showed an increased detection threshold with age. However, such investigations have not been performed for non-steroid odorants. Hence, the current study investigated sex- and age-related effects on the prevalence of specific anosmia in children/adolescents aged 5-14 years (n = 800) to non-steroid odorants. The detection thresholds of three non-steroid odorants (bacdanol, methylsalicylate, and 3-hydrox-2-methyl-4-pyrone) with different molecular weights were measured. Results indicate that the rate of specific anosmia for all three odorants decreases from childhood to adolescence. This decrease is independent of sex and is most pronounced for odorants with higher molecular weight compared to the odorant with lower molecular weight. Thus, the development of basic olfactory functions for these three odorants continues until adolescence. The effect of molecular weight suggests that the locus of effect is at the periphery of the olfactory system, due to changes in either olfactory receptor expression patterns or perireceptor events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lai-Quan Zou
- Smell and Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany; Chemical Senses and Mental Health Lab, Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Olivia Vogt
- Smell and Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Valentin A Schriever
- Abteilung Neuropädiatrie, Klinik und Poliklinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ilona Croy
- Department of Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Benoist Schaal
- Developmental and Cognitive Ethology-Psychology Lab, Centre des Sciences du Goût, CNRS (UMR 5265), Université de Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Thomas Hummel
- Smell and Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
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8
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Liu S, Fu R, Li G. Exploring the mechanism of olfactory recognition in the initial stage by modeling the emission spectrum of electron transfer. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0217665. [PMID: 31923248 PMCID: PMC6953861 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Olfactory sense remains elusive regarding the primary reception mechanism. Some studies suggest that olfaction is a spectral sense, the olfactory event is triggered by electron transfer (ET) across the odorants at the active sites of odorant receptors (ORs). Herein we present a Donor-Bridge-Acceptor model, proposing that the ET process can be viewed as an electron hopping from the donor molecule to the odorant molecule (Bridge), then hopping off to the acceptor molecule, making the electronic state of the odorant molecule change along with vibrations (vibronic transition). The odorant specific parameter, Huang–Rhys factor can be derived from ab initio calculations, which make the simulation of ET spectra achievable. In this study, we revealed that the emission spectra (after Gaussian convolution) can be acted as odor characteristic spectra. Using the emission spectrum of ET, we were able to reasonably interpret the similar bitter-almond odors among hydrogen cyanide, benzaldehyde and nitrobenzene. In terms of isotope effects, we succeeded in explaining why subjects can easily distinguish cyclopentadecanone from its fully deuterated analogue cyclopentadecanone-d28 but not distinguishing acetophenone from acetophenone-d8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Liu
- Department of Anatomy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Rao Fu
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guangwu Li
- Department of Anatomy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Genva M, Kenne Kemene T, Deleu M, Lins L, Fauconnier ML. Is It Possible to Predict the Odor of a Molecule on the Basis of its Structure? Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20123018. [PMID: 31226833 PMCID: PMC6627536 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20123018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The olfactory sense is the dominant sensory perception for many animals. When Richard Axel and Linda B. Buck received the Nobel Prize in 2004 for discovering the G protein-coupled receptors’ role in olfactory cells, they highlighted the importance of olfaction to the scientific community. Several theories have tried to explain how cells are able to distinguish such a wide variety of odorant molecules in a complex context in which enantiomers can result in completely different perceptions and structurally different molecules. Moreover, sex, age, cultural origin, and individual differences contribute to odor perception variations that complicate the picture. In this article, recent advances in olfaction theory are presented, and future trends in human olfaction such as structure-based odor prediction and artificial sniffing are discussed at the frontiers of chemistry, physiology, neurobiology, and machine learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Genva
- Laboratory of Chemistry of Natural Molecules, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium.
| | - Tierry Kenne Kemene
- Laboratory of Chemistry of Natural Molecules, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium.
| | - Magali Deleu
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics at Interfaces, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium.
| | - Laurence Lins
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics at Interfaces, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium.
| | - Marie-Laure Fauconnier
- Laboratory of Chemistry of Natural Molecules, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium.
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10
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Maßberg D, Hatt H. Human Olfactory Receptors: Novel Cellular Functions Outside of the Nose. Physiol Rev 2018; 98:1739-1763. [PMID: 29897292 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00013.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Olfactory receptors (ORs) are not exclusively expressed in the olfactory sensory neurons; they are also observed outside of the olfactory system in all other human tissues tested to date, including the testis, lung, intestine, skin, heart, and blood. Within these tissues, certain ORs have been determined to be exclusively expressed in only one tissue, whereas other ORs are more widely distributed in many different tissues throughout the human body. For most of the ectopically expressed ORs, limited data are available for their functional roles. They have been shown to be involved in the modulation of cell-cell recognition, migration, proliferation, the apoptotic cycle, exocytosis, and pathfinding processes. Additionally, there is a growing body of evidence that they have the potential to serve as diagnostic and therapeutic tools, as ORs are highly expressed in different cancer tissues. Interestingly, in addition to the canonical signaling pathways activated by ORs in olfactory sensory neurons, alternative pathways have been demonstrated in nonolfactory tissues. In this review, the existing data concerning the expression, as well as the physiological and pathophysiological functions, of ORs outside of the nose are highlighted to provide insights into future lines of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Désirée Maßberg
- Ruhr-University Bochum, Department of Cell Physiology , Bochum , Germany
| | - Hanns Hatt
- Ruhr-University Bochum, Department of Cell Physiology , Bochum , Germany
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11
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Pshenichnyuk SA, Rakhmeyev RG, Asfandiarov NL, Komolov AS, Modelli A, Jones D. Can the Electron-Accepting Properties of Odorants Be Involved in Their Recognition by the Olfactory System? J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:2320-2325. [PMID: 29665679 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b00704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The present study examines the possible importance of the electron-accepting properties of odorant molecules and, in particular, the formation and decay of temporary negative ions via low-energy electron attachment as a possible contribution toward understanding odorant recognition by olfactory receptors (ORs). Fragments formed by dissociative electron attachment (DEA) of mustard oil odorants represented by a series of isothiocyanates are studied experimentally using DEA spectroscopy and DFT calculations. Relative intensities for the most abundant fragment species, S- and SCN-, are found to be characteristic of structurally similar odorants under investigation. This novel approach for the investigation of odorants may contribute to understanding the initial stages of the olfactory process and may provide a means to distinguish between odorants and their interactions with the olfactory receptor system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav A Pshenichnyuk
- Institute of Molecule and Crystal Physics, Ufa Federal Research Centre , Russian Academy of Sciences , Prospeκt Oktyabrya 151 , 450075 Ufa , Russia
| | - Rustam G Rakhmeyev
- Institute of Molecule and Crystal Physics, Ufa Federal Research Centre , Russian Academy of Sciences , Prospeκt Oktyabrya 151 , 450075 Ufa , Russia
| | - Nail L Asfandiarov
- Institute of Molecule and Crystal Physics, Ufa Federal Research Centre , Russian Academy of Sciences , Prospeκt Oktyabrya 151 , 450075 Ufa , Russia
| | - Alexei S Komolov
- St. Petersburg State University , Universitetskaya nab. 7/9 , 199034 St. Petersburg , Russia
| | - Alberto Modelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician" , Università di Bologna , via Selmi 2 , 40126 Bologna , Italy
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca in Scienze Ambientali , via S. Alberto 163 , 48123 Ravenna , Italy
| | - Derek Jones
- ISOF, Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività, C.N.R. , via Gobetti 101 , 40129 Bologna , Italy
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12
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Tromelin A, Chabanet C, Audouze K, Koensgen F, Guichard E. Multivariate statistical analysis of a large odorants database aimed at revealing similarities and links between odorants and odors. FLAVOUR FRAG J 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ffj.3430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Tromelin
- UMR CSGA: CNRS, INRA; Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté; 21000 Dijon France
| | - Claire Chabanet
- UMR CSGA: CNRS, INRA; Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté; 21000 Dijon France
| | - Karine Audouze
- MTi, Sorbonne Paris Cité; Université Paris Diderot; INSERM UMR-S 973 75013 Paris France
| | - Florian Koensgen
- UMR CSGA: CNRS, INRA; Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté; 21000 Dijon France
| | - Elisabeth Guichard
- UMR CSGA: CNRS, INRA; Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté; 21000 Dijon France
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13
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Noe F, Polster J, Geithe C, Kotthoff M, Schieberle P, Krautwurst D. OR2M3: A Highly Specific and Narrowly Tuned Human Odorant Receptor for the Sensitive Detection of Onion Key Food Odorant 3-Mercapto-2-methylpentan-1-ol. Chem Senses 2016; 42:195-210. [DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjw118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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14
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Abstract
The sense of smell arises from the perception of odors from chemicals. However, the relationship between the impression of odor and the numerous physicochemical parameters has yet to be understood owing to its complexity. As such, there is no established general method for predicting the impression of odor of a chemical only from its physicochemical properties. In this study, we designed a novel predictive model based on an artificial neural network with a deep structure for predicting odor impression utilizing the mass spectra of chemicals, and we conducted a series of computational analyses to evaluate its performance. Feature vectors extracted from the original high-dimensional space using two autoencoders equipped with both input and output layers in the model are used to build a mapping function from the feature space of mass spectra to the feature space of sensory data. The results of predictions obtained by the proposed new method have notable accuracy (R≅0.76) in comparison with a conventional method (R≅0.61).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Nozaki
- Department of Computational Intelligence and Systems Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takamichi Nakamoto
- Department of Computational Intelligence and Systems Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Kanagawa, Japan
- Precision and Intelligence Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Kanagawa, Japan
- * E-mail:
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15
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Individual Differences in Retronasal Odor Responsiveness: Effects of Aging and Concurrent Taste. CHEMOSENS PERCEPT 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12078-016-9206-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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16
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Differential Odour Coding of Isotopomers in the Honeybee Brain. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21893. [PMID: 26899989 PMCID: PMC4762004 DOI: 10.1038/srep21893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The shape recognition model of olfaction maintains that odorant reception probes physicochemical properties such as size, shape, electric charge, and hydrophobicity of the ligand. Recently, insects were shown to distinguish common from deuterated isotopomers of the same odorant, suggesting the involvement of other molecular properties to odorant reception. Via two-photon functional microscopy we investigated how common and deuterated isoforms of natural odorants are coded within the honeybee brain. Our results provide evidence that (i) different isotopomers generate different neuronal activation maps, (ii) isotopomer sensitivity is a general mechanism common to multiple odorant receptors, and (iii) isotopomer specificity is highly consistent across individuals. This indicates that honeybee’s olfactory system discriminates between isotopomers of the same odorant, suggesting that other features, such as molecular vibrations, may contribute to odour signal transduction.
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17
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Croy I, Olgun S, Mueller L, Schmidt A, Muench M, Gisselmann G, Hatt H, Hummel T. [Specific anosmia as a principle of olfactory perception]. HNO 2016; 64:292-5. [PMID: 26879880 DOI: 10.1007/s00106-016-0119-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Specific anosmia, the inability to perceive a specific odor, while olfactory perception is otherwise intact, is known as a rather seldom phenomenon. By testing the prevalence of specific anosmia to 20 different odors in a sample of 1600 people, we were able to estimate the general prevalence of anosmia. This revealed that specific anosmia is not rare at all. In contrast, the general likelihood for specific anosmia approaches 1. In addition, specific anosmia can be very well reversed by "smell training" during the course of 3 months. To summarize, specific anosmia seems to be a rule, not an exception, of olfactory sensation. The lack of perception of certain odors may constitute a flexible peripheral filter mechanism, which can be adapted by exposure to odors.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Croy
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Hals-, Nasen- und Ohrenheilkunde, Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Riechen und Schmecken, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Deutschland. .,Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychotherapie und Psychosomatik, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307, Dresden, Deutschland.
| | - S Olgun
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Hals-, Nasen- und Ohrenheilkunde, Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Riechen und Schmecken, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Deutschland
| | - L Mueller
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Hals-, Nasen- und Ohrenheilkunde, Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Riechen und Schmecken, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Deutschland
| | - A Schmidt
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Hals-, Nasen- und Ohrenheilkunde, Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Riechen und Schmecken, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Deutschland
| | - M Muench
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Hals-, Nasen- und Ohrenheilkunde, Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Riechen und Schmecken, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Deutschland
| | - G Gisselmann
- Institut für Zellphysiologie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Deutschland
| | - H Hatt
- Institut für Zellphysiologie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Deutschland
| | - T Hummel
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Hals-, Nasen- und Ohrenheilkunde, Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Riechen und Schmecken, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Deutschland
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18
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Peripheral adaptive filtering in human olfaction? Three studies on prevalence and effects of olfactory training in specific anosmia in more than 1600 participants. Cortex 2015; 73:180-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2015.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Revised: 05/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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19
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de March CA, Ryu S, Sicard G, Moon C, Golebiowski J. Structure-odour relationships reviewed in the postgenomic era. FLAVOUR FRAG J 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ffj.3249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Claire A. de March
- Institut de Chimie de Nice; Université Nice Sophia Antipolis; UMR CNRS 7272, parc Valrose 06108 Nice cedex 02 France
| | - SangEun Ryu
- Laboratory of Chemical Senses, Department of Brain and Cognitive Science; DGIST (Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology); 50-1 Sang-Ri, Hyeonpung-Myeon, Dalseong-Gun Daegu 711-873 Korea
| | - Gilles Sicard
- Neurobiology of Cellular Interactions and Neurophysiopathology; Aix-Marseille Université; UMR CNRS 7259 13331 Marseille cedex 03 France
| | - Cheil Moon
- Laboratory of Chemical Senses, Department of Brain and Cognitive Science; DGIST (Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology); 50-1 Sang-Ri, Hyeonpung-Myeon, Dalseong-Gun Daegu 711-873 Korea
| | - Jérôme Golebiowski
- Institut de Chimie de Nice; Université Nice Sophia Antipolis; UMR CNRS 7272, parc Valrose 06108 Nice cedex 02 France
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Block E, Jang S, Matsunami H, Sekharan S, Dethier B, Ertem MZ, Gundala S, Pan Y, Li S, Li Z, Lodge SN, Ozbil M, Jiang H, Penalba SF, Batista VS, Zhuang H. Implausibility of the vibrational theory of olfaction. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:E2766-74. [PMID: 25901328 PMCID: PMC4450420 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1503054112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The vibrational theory of olfaction assumes that electron transfer occurs across odorants at the active sites of odorant receptors (ORs), serving as a sensitive measure of odorant vibrational frequencies, ultimately leading to olfactory perception. A previous study reported that human subjects differentiated hydrogen/deuterium isotopomers (isomers with isotopic atoms) of the musk compound cyclopentadecanone as evidence supporting the theory. Here, we find no evidence for such differentiation at the molecular level. In fact, we find that the human musk-recognizing receptor, OR5AN1, identified using a heterologous OR expression system and robustly responding to cyclopentadecanone and muscone, fails to distinguish isotopomers of these compounds in vitro. Furthermore, the mouse (methylthio)methanethiol-recognizing receptor, MOR244-3, as well as other selected human and mouse ORs, responded similarly to normal, deuterated, and (13)C isotopomers of their respective ligands, paralleling our results with the musk receptor OR5AN1. These findings suggest that the proposed vibration theory does not apply to the human musk receptor OR5AN1, mouse thiol receptor MOR244-3, or other ORs examined. Also, contrary to the vibration theory predictions, muscone-d30 lacks the 1,380- to 1,550-cm(-1) IR bands claimed to be essential for musk odor. Furthermore, our theoretical analysis shows that the proposed electron transfer mechanism of the vibrational frequencies of odorants could be easily suppressed by quantum effects of nonodorant molecular vibrational modes. These and other concerns about electron transfer at ORs, together with our extensive experimental data, argue against the plausibility of the vibration theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Block
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12222;
| | - Seogjoo Jang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College, and Graduate Center, City University of New York, Flushing, NY 11367;
| | - Hiroaki Matsunami
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology and Department of Neurobiology, Duke Institute for Brain Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710;
| | | | - Bérénice Dethier
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12222
| | - Mehmed Z Ertem
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520; Chemistry Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973
| | - Sivaji Gundala
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12222
| | - Yi Pan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; and
| | - Shengju Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; and
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; and
| | - Stephene N Lodge
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12222
| | - Mehmet Ozbil
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Huihong Jiang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; and
| | - Sonia F Penalba
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12222
| | | | - Hanyi Zhuang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; and Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Jiao tong University School of Medicine/Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
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21
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Abstract
Our understanding of mammalian olfactory coding has been impeded by the paucity of information about the odorant receptors (ORs) that respond to a given odorant ligand in awake, freely behaving animals. Identifying the ORs that respond in vivo to a given odorant ligand from among the ∼1100 ORs in mice is intrinsically challenging but critical for our understanding of olfactory coding at the periphery. Here, we report an in vivo assay that is based on a novel gene-targeted mouse strain, S100a5-tauGFP, in which a fluorescent reporter selectively marks olfactory sensory neurons that have been activated recently in vivo. Because each olfactory sensory neuron expresses a single OR gene, multiple ORs responding to a given odorant ligand can be identified simultaneously by capturing the population of activated olfactory sensory neurons and using expression profiling methods to screen the repertoire of mouse OR genes. We used this in vivo assay to re-identify known eugenol- and muscone-responsive mouse ORs. We identified additional ORs responsive to eugenol or muscone. Heterologous expression assays confirmed nine eugenol-responsive ORs (Olfr73, Olfr178, Olfr432, Olfr610, Olfr958, Olfr960, Olfr961, Olfr913, and Olfr1234) and four muscone-responsive ORs (Olfr74, Olfr235, Olfr816, and Olfr1440). We found that the human ortholog of Olfr235 and Olfr1440 responds to macrocyclic ketone and lactone musk odorants but not to polycyclic musk odorants or a macrocyclic diester musk odorant. This novel assay, called the Kentucky in vivo odorant ligand-receptor assay, should facilitate the in vivo identification of mouse ORs for a given odorant ligand of interest.
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Abstract
Our understanding of mammalian olfactory coding has been impeded by the paucity of information about the odorant receptors (ORs) that respond to a given odorant ligand in awake, freely behaving animals. Identifying the ORs that respond in vivo to a given odorant ligand from among the ∼1100 ORs in mice is intrinsically challenging but critical for our understanding of olfactory coding at the periphery. Here, we report an in vivo assay that is based on a novel gene-targeted mouse strain, S100a5-tauGFP, in which a fluorescent reporter selectively marks olfactory sensory neurons that have been activated recently in vivo. Because each olfactory sensory neuron expresses a single OR gene, multiple ORs responding to a given odorant ligand can be identified simultaneously by capturing the population of activated olfactory sensory neurons and using expression profiling methods to screen the repertoire of mouse OR genes. We used this in vivo assay to re-identify known eugenol- and muscone-responsive mouse ORs. We identified additional ORs responsive to eugenol or muscone. Heterologous expression assays confirmed nine eugenol-responsive ORs (Olfr73, Olfr178, Olfr432, Olfr610, Olfr958, Olfr960, Olfr961, Olfr913, and Olfr1234) and four muscone-responsive ORs (Olfr74, Olfr235, Olfr816, and Olfr1440). We found that the human ortholog of Olfr235 and Olfr1440 responds to macrocyclic ketone and lactone musk odorants but not to polycyclic musk odorants or a macrocyclic diester musk odorant. This novel assay, called the Kentucky in vivo odorant ligand-receptor assay, should facilitate the in vivo identification of mouse ORs for a given odorant ligand of interest.
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Dunkel A, Steinhaus M, Kotthoff M, Nowak B, Krautwurst D, Schieberle P, Hofmann T. Nature's chemical signatures in human olfaction: a foodborne perspective for future biotechnology. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:7124-43. [PMID: 24939725 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201309508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 347] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Revised: 02/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The biocatalytic production of flavor naturals that determine chemosensory percepts of foods and beverages is an ever challenging target for academic and industrial research. Advances in chemical trace analysis and post-genomic progress at the chemistry-biology interface revealed odor qualities of nature's chemosensory entities to be defined by odorant-induced olfactory receptor activity patterns. Beyond traditional views, this review and meta-analysis now shows characteristic ratios of only about 3 to 40 genuine key odorants for each food, from a group of about 230 out of circa 10 000 food volatiles. This suggests the foodborn stimulus space has co-evolved with, and roughly match our circa 400 olfactory receptors as best natural agonists. This perspective gives insight into nature's chemical signatures of smell, provides the chemical odor codes of more than 220 food samples, and beyond addresses industrial implications for producing recombinants that fully reconstruct the natural odor signatures for use in flavors and fragrances, fully immersive interactive virtual environments, or humanoid bioelectronic noses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Dunkel
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technische Universität München, Lise-Meitnerstrasse 34, 85354 Freising-Weihenstephan (Germany)
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24
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A computational microscope focused on the sense of smell. Biochimie 2014; 107 Pt A:3-10. [PMID: 24952349 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2014.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In this article, we review studies of the protagonists of the perception of smell focusing on Odorant-Binding Proteins and Olfactory Receptors. We notably put forward studies performed by means of molecular modeling, generally combined with experimental data. Those works clearly emphasize that computational approaches are now a force to reckon with. In the future, they will certainly be more and more used, notably in the framework of a computational microscope meant to observe how the laws of physics govern the biomolecular systems originating our sense of smell.
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25
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Dunkel A, Steinhaus M, Kotthoff M, Nowak B, Krautwurst D, Schieberle P, Hofmann T. Genuine Geruchssignaturen der Natur – Perspektiven aus der Lebensmittelchemie für die Biotechnologie. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201309508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Dunkel
- Lehrstuhl für Lebensmittelchemie und molekulare Sensorik, Technische Universität München, Lise‐Meitner‐Straße 34, 85354 Freising‐Weihenstephan (Deutschland)
| | - Martin Steinhaus
- Deutsche Forschungsanstalt für Lebensmittelchemie – Leibniz Institut, Lise‐Meitner‐Straße 34, 85354 Freising‐Weihenstephan (Deutschland)
| | - Matthias Kotthoff
- Deutsche Forschungsanstalt für Lebensmittelchemie – Leibniz Institut, Lise‐Meitner‐Straße 34, 85354 Freising‐Weihenstephan (Deutschland)
| | - Bettina Nowak
- Deutsche Forschungsanstalt für Lebensmittelchemie – Leibniz Institut, Lise‐Meitner‐Straße 34, 85354 Freising‐Weihenstephan (Deutschland)
| | - Dietmar Krautwurst
- Deutsche Forschungsanstalt für Lebensmittelchemie – Leibniz Institut, Lise‐Meitner‐Straße 34, 85354 Freising‐Weihenstephan (Deutschland)
| | - Peter Schieberle
- Deutsche Forschungsanstalt für Lebensmittelchemie – Leibniz Institut, Lise‐Meitner‐Straße 34, 85354 Freising‐Weihenstephan (Deutschland)
| | - Thomas Hofmann
- Lehrstuhl für Lebensmittelchemie und molekulare Sensorik, Technische Universität München, Lise‐Meitner‐Straße 34, 85354 Freising‐Weihenstephan (Deutschland)
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26
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Hartmann C, Triller A, Spehr M, Dittrich R, Hatt H, Buettner A. Sperm-Activating Odorous Substances in Human Follicular Fluid and Vaginal Secretion: Identification by Gas Chromatography-Olfactometry and Ca2+Imaging. Chempluschem 2013; 78:695-702. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201300008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2013] [Revised: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Charlier L, Topin J, Ronin C, Kim SK, Goddard WA, Efremov R, Golebiowski J. How broadly tuned olfactory receptors equally recognize their agonists. Human OR1G1 as a test case. Cell Mol Life Sci 2012; 69:4205-13. [PMID: 22926438 PMCID: PMC11115053 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-012-1116-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2012] [Revised: 07/25/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The molecular features that dominate the binding mode of agonists by a broadly tuned olfactory receptor are analyzed through a joint approach combining cell biology, calcium imaging, and molecular modeling. The odorant/receptor affinities, estimated through statistics accrued during molecular dynamics simulations, are in accordance with the experimental ranking. Although in many systems receptors recognize their target through a network of oriented interactions, such as H-bonding, the binding by broadly tuned olfactory receptors is dominated by non-polar terms. We show how such a feature allows chemicals belonging to different chemical families to similarly activate the receptors through compensations of interactions within the binding site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Landry Charlier
- Institut de Chimie de Nice, UMR CNRS, Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis 7272, 06108 Nice Cedex 2, France
- Present Address: Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, CNRS-UMR 5247, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Montpellier 1, Université Montpellier 2, 15 Avenue Charles Flahault, BP 14491, 34093 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Jérémie Topin
- Institut de Chimie de Nice, UMR CNRS, Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis 7272, 06108 Nice Cedex 2, France
| | - Catherine Ronin
- Laboratoire de Neuroglycobiologie, GLM, CNRS, 31 Ch. J. Aiguier, 13402 Marseille, France
| | - Soo-Kyung Kim
- Materials and Process Simulation Center (MC139-74), California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd., Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - William A. Goddard
- Materials and Process Simulation Center (MC139-74), California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd., Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - Roman Efremov
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Modeling, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ul. Miklukho-Maklaya, 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Jérôme Golebiowski
- Institut de Chimie de Nice, UMR CNRS, Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis 7272, 06108 Nice Cedex 2, France
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30
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Knaapila A, Zhu G, Medland SE, Wysocki CJ, Montgomery GW, Martin NG, Wright MJ, Reed DR. A genome-wide study on the perception of the odorants androstenone and galaxolide. Chem Senses 2012; 37:541-52. [PMID: 22362865 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjs008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Twin pairs and their siblings rated the intensity of the odorants amyl acetate, androstenone, eugenol, Galaxolide, mercaptans, and rose (N = 1573). Heritability was established for ratings of androstenone (h (2) = 0.30) and Galaxolide (h(2) = 0.34) but not for the other odorants. Genome-wide association analysis using 2.3 million single nucleotide polymorphisms indicated that the most significant association was between androstenone and a region without known olfactory receptor genes (rs10966900, P = 1.2 × 10(-7)). A previously reported association between the olfactory receptor OR7D4 and the androstenone was not detected until we specifically typed this gene (P = 1.1 × 10(-4)). We also tested these 2 associations in a second independent sample of subjects and replicated the results either fully (OR7D4, P = 0.00002) or partially (rs10966900, P = 0.010; N = 266). These findings suggest that 1) the perceived intensity of some but not all odorants is a heritable trait, 2) use of a current genome-wide marker panel did not detect a known olfactory genotype-phenotype association, and 3) person-to-person differences in androstenone perception are influenced by OR7D4 genotype and perhaps by variants of other genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antti Knaapila
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, 3500 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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31
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Characteristic vibration patterns of odor compounds from bread-baking volatiles upon protein binding: density functional and ONIOM study and principal component analysis. J Mol Model 2011; 18:2227-40. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-011-1227-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2011] [Accepted: 08/16/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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32
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Veitinger T, Riffell JR, Veitinger S, Nascimento JM, Triller A, Chandsawangbhuwana C, Schwane K, Geerts A, Wunder F, Berns MW, Neuhaus EM, Zimmer RK, Spehr M, Hatt H. Chemosensory Ca2+ dynamics correlate with diverse behavioral phenotypes in human sperm. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:17311-25. [PMID: 21454470 PMCID: PMC3089573 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.211524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2010] [Revised: 03/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In the female reproductive tract, mammalian sperm undergo a regulated sequence of prefusion changes that "prime" sperm for fertilization. Among the least understood of these complex processes are the molecular mechanisms that underlie sperm guidance by environmental chemical cues. A "hard-wired" Ca(2+) signaling strategy that orchestrates specific motility patterns according to given functional requirements is an emerging concept for regulation of sperm swimming behavior. The molecular players involved, the spatiotemporal characteristics of such motility-associated Ca(2+) dynamics, and the relation between a distinct Ca(2+) signaling pattern and a behavioral sperm phenotype, however, remain largely unclear. Here, we report the functional characterization of two human sperm chemoreceptors. Using complementary molecular, physiological, and behavioral approaches, we comparatively describe sperm Ca(2+) responses to specific agonists of these novel receptors and bourgeonal, a known sperm chemoattractant. We further show that individual receptor activation induces specific Ca(2+) signaling patterns with unique spatiotemporal dynamics. These distinct Ca(2+) dynamics are correlated to a set of stimulus-specific stereotyped behavioral responses that could play vital roles during various stages of prefusion sperm-egg chemical communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Veitinger
- From the Department of Chemosensation, Institute for Biology II, Rheinisch-Westfaelische Technische Hochschule-Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- the Department of Cellular Physiology, Ruhr-University, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Jeffrey R. Riffell
- the Department of Neuroscience, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721
| | - Sophie Veitinger
- From the Department of Chemosensation, Institute for Biology II, Rheinisch-Westfaelische Technische Hochschule-Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- the Department of Cellular Physiology, Ruhr-University, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | | | - Annika Triller
- the Department of Cellular Physiology, Ruhr-University, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | | | - Katlen Schwane
- the Department of Cellular Physiology, Ruhr-University, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Andreas Geerts
- the Bayer Schering Pharma AG Pharma Research Center, 42096 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Frank Wunder
- the Bayer Schering Pharma AG Pharma Research Center, 42096 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Michael W. Berns
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0412
- the Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Eva M. Neuhaus
- the Charité-NeuroScience Research Center, 10117 Berlin, Germany, and
| | - Richard K. Zimmer
- the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Neuroscience Program, and Brain Research Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095-1606
| | - Marc Spehr
- From the Department of Chemosensation, Institute for Biology II, Rheinisch-Westfaelische Technische Hochschule-Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Hanns Hatt
- the Department of Cellular Physiology, Ruhr-University, 44780 Bochum, Germany
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Alfinito E, Millithaler JF, Reggiani L, Zine N, Jaffrezic-Renault N. Human olfactory receptor 17-40 as an active part of a nanobiosensor: a microscopic investigation of its electrical properties. RSC Adv 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1ra00025j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Reed DR, Knaapila A. Genetics of taste and smell: poisons and pleasures. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2010; 94:213-40. [PMID: 21036327 PMCID: PMC3342754 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-375003-7.00008-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Eating is dangerous. While food contains nutrients and calories that animals need to produce heat and energy, it may also contain harmful parasites, bacteria, or chemicals. To guide food selection, the senses of taste and smell have evolved to alert us to the bitter taste of poisons and the sour taste and off-putting smell of spoiled foods. These sensory systems help people and animals to eat defensively, and they provide the brake that helps them avoid ingesting foods that are harmful. But choices about which foods to eat are motivated by more than avoiding the bad; they are also motivated by seeking the good, such as fat and sugar. However, just as not everyone is equally capable of sensing toxins in food, not everyone is equally enthusiastic about consuming high-fat, high-sugar foods. Genetic studies in humans and experimental animals strongly suggest that the liking of sugar and fat is influenced by genotype; likewise, the abilities to detect bitterness and the malodors of rotting food are highly variable among individuals. Understanding the exact genes and genetic differences that affect food intake may provide important clues in obesity treatment by allowing caregivers to tailor dietary recommendations to the chemosensory landscape of each person.
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Reisert J, Restrepo D. Molecular tuning of odorant receptors and its implication for odor signal processing. Chem Senses 2009; 34:535-45. [PMID: 19525317 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjp028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of the odorant receptor (OR) family by Buck and Axel in 1991 provided a quantum jump in our understanding of olfactory function. However, the study of the responsiveness of ORs to odor ligands was challenging due to the difficulties in deorphanizing the receptors. In this manuscript, we review recent findings of OR responsiveness that have come about through improved OR deorphanization methods, site-directed mutagenesis, structural modeling studies, and studies of OR responses in situ in olfactory sensory neurons. Although there has been a major leap in our understanding of receptor-ligand interactions and how these contribute to the input to the olfactory system, an improvement of our understanding of receptor structure and dynamics and interactions with intracellular and extracellular proteins is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Reisert
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, 3500 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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36
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37
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Wang Z, Song J, Han Z, Jiang Z, Zheng W, Chen J, Song Z, Shang S. Quantitative structure-activity relationship of terpenoid aphid antifeedants. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2008; 56:11361-11366. [PMID: 18991452 DOI: 10.1021/jf802324v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A series of terpenoid compounds containing a six-member-ring were synthesized from alpha- and beta-pinenes. Antifeedant activity of these terpenoid compounds were tested on the aphid, Lipaphis erysimi (Kalt.), with promising results. Stepwise regression was applied to study the quantitative structure-activity relationship of these compounds. The statistically best model showed that the relative number of O atoms, molecular volume, HOMO-LUMO energy gap, and total charge on the positively charged fragments were the most statistically significant descriptors to predict the antifeedant activity. The possible mechanism of interaction between the antifeedant and aphid chemoreceptor was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongde Wang
- Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
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