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Gao H, Chen F, Wang S. Hesperidin reduces systolic blood pressure in diabetic patients and has no effect on blood pressure in healthy individuals: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Phytother Res 2024; 38:3706-3719. [PMID: 38772688 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, there have been a number of studies where hesperidin was administered to modify arterial blood pressure, but the conclusions of each study are contradictory. In order to investigate the effect of hesperidin on blood pressure, we searched the CNKI, Wanfang Database, the VIP database, Sinomed database, Pubmed, Embase and The Cochrane Library databases, and searched the literature on hesperidin and blood pressure published in Chinese and English journals, mainly focusing on patients' systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure. The search time frame was from the inception of the databases until December 2023. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach was used to assess the overall quality and used Cohen's kappa coefficient (κ) to measure agreement. We did preliminary screening of the retrieved literature through Notexpress, 14 articles with a total of 656 patients were included. Cochrance data conversion tool was used for data conversion, and RevMan 5.3 was used for meta-analysis, and finally Stata was used to make the Egger's test for the included study. The results of total population blood pressure showed that hesperidin had no antihypertensive effect on the population, but the conclusions changed when the population was divided into groups. The results of different populations showed that hesperidin had no effect on systolic blood pressure (weighted mean difference [WMD] = -0.50, 95% CI: -3.25 ~ 2.26, Z = 0.35, p = 0.72) and diastolic blood pressure (WMD = -0.51, 95% CI: -2.53 ~ 1.51, Z = 0.50, p = 0.62) in healthy individuals. However, hesperidin reduced systolic blood pressure in patients with type 2 diabetes (WMD = -4.32, 95% CI: - 7.77 ~ - 0.87, Z = 2.45, p = 0.01), and had a tendency to reduce diastolic blood pressure in diabetic patients (WMD = -3.72, 95% CI: -7.63 ~ 0.18, Z = 1.87, p = 0.06). The results in patients with type 2 diabetes needed to be further supported by future research focusing on individuals with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong, China
| | - Fang Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong, China
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2
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Hu J, Li L, He Y, Hong G, Zhang C. Searching for the Virulence-contributing Genes of the Magnaporthe oryzae by Transcriptome Analysis. Pathogens 2024; 13:105. [PMID: 38392843 PMCID: PMC10891974 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13020105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Magnaporthe oryzae is a fungal pathogen that causes rice blast. Plant metabolites such as plant hormones and phytoalexin can promote or inhibit the rice blast infection. To study the effect of plant metabolites on M. oryzae, we selected salicylic acid (SA), abscisic acid (ABA), and a phytoalexin sakuranetin to treat M. oryzae grown on the medium. Through the analysis of transcriptome data, 185 and 38 genes, 803 and 156 genes, and 1525 and 428 genes were up- or down-regulated after SA, ABA, or sakuranetin treatment. Among these differentially expressed genes (DEGs), most of them were annotated to the cellular process and metabolic process in the biological process category and binding and catalytic activity in the molecular function category by GO analysis. According to KEGG pathway analysis, metabolism is the pathway with the highest number of DEGs, and the main enriched pathway is carbohydrate, lipid, and amino acid metabolism. In addition, we also found two ABA-induced up-regulated genes that may contribute to M. oryzae infection from the transcriptome data. We verified their expressions in M. oryzae that infected rice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Gaojie Hong
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (J.H.)
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3
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Zhou H, Zhang J, Bai L, Liu J, Li H, Hua J, Luo S. Chemical Structure Diversity and Extensive Biological Functions of Specialized Metabolites in Rice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17053. [PMID: 38069376 PMCID: PMC10707428 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242317053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is thought to have been domesticated many times independently in China and India, and many modern cultivars are available. All rice tissues are rich in specialized metabolites (SPMs). To date, a total of 181 terpenoids, 199 phenolics, 41 alkaloids, and 26 other types of compounds have been detected in rice. Some volatile sesquiterpenoids released by rice are known to attract the natural enemies of rice herbivores, and play an indirect role in defense. Momilactone, phytocassane, and oryzalic acid are the most common diterpenoids found in rice, and are found at all growth stages. Indolamides, including serotonin, tryptamine, and N-benzoylserotonin, are the main rice alkaloids. The SPMs mainly exhibit defense functions with direct roles in resisting herbivory and pathogenic infections. In addition, phenolics are also important in indirect defense, and enhance wax deposition in leaves and promote the lignification of stems. Meanwhile, rice SPMs also have allelopathic effects and are crucial in the regulation of the relationships between different plants or between plants and microorganisms. In this study, we reviewed the various structures and functions of rice SPMs. This paper will provide useful information and methodological resources to inform the improvement of rice resistance and the promotion of the rice industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Juan Hua
- Research Center of Protection and Utilization of Plant Resources, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China (J.L.)
| | - Shihong Luo
- Research Center of Protection and Utilization of Plant Resources, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China (J.L.)
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Lin T, Chen X, Du L, Wang J, Hu Z, Cheng L, Liu Z, Liu H. Traceability Research on Dendrobium devonianum Based on SWATHtoMRM. Foods 2023; 12:3608. [PMID: 37835262 PMCID: PMC10572708 DOI: 10.3390/foods12193608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
SWATHtoMRM technology was used in this experiment to further identify and trace the sources of Dendrobium devonianum and Dendrobium officinale produced in the same area using TOF and MS-MRM. After the conversion of the R package of SWATHtoMRM, 191 MRM pairs of positive ions and 96 pairs of negative ions were obtained. Dendrobium devonianum and Dendrobium officinale can be separated very well using the PCA and PLS-DA analysis of MRM ion pairs; this shows that there are obvious differences in chemical composition between Dendrobium devonianum and Dendrobium officinale, which clearly proves that the pseudotargeted metabolomics method based on SWATHtoMRM can be used for traceability identification research. A total of 146 characteristic compounds were obtained, with 20 characteristic compounds in Dendrobium devonianum. The enrichment pathways of the characteristic compounds were mainly concentrated in lipids and atherosclerosis, chagas disease, fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis, proteoglycans in cancer, the IL-17 signaling pathway, the sphingolipid signaling pathway, diabetic cardiomyopathy, arginine and proline metabolism, etc., among which the lipid and atherosclerosis pathways were more enriched, and 11 characteristic compounds affected the expression levels of IL-1, TNFα, CD36, IL-1β, etc. These can be used as a reference for research on variety improvement and active substance accumulation in Dendrobium devonianum and Dendrobium officinale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Lin
- Quality Standards and Testing Technology Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China; (T.L.); (X.C.); (L.D.); (Z.L.)
| | - Xinglian Chen
- Quality Standards and Testing Technology Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China; (T.L.); (X.C.); (L.D.); (Z.L.)
| | - Lijuan Du
- Quality Standards and Testing Technology Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China; (T.L.); (X.C.); (L.D.); (Z.L.)
| | - Jing Wang
- Longling Agricultural Environmental Protection Monitoring Station, Baoshan 678300, China; (J.W.); (Z.H.)
| | - Zhengxu Hu
- Longling Agricultural Environmental Protection Monitoring Station, Baoshan 678300, China; (J.W.); (Z.H.)
| | - Long Cheng
- SCIEX Analytical Instrument Trading Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200335, China;
| | - Zhenhuan Liu
- Quality Standards and Testing Technology Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China; (T.L.); (X.C.); (L.D.); (Z.L.)
| | - Hongcheng Liu
- Quality Standards and Testing Technology Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China; (T.L.); (X.C.); (L.D.); (Z.L.)
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5
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Junaid M, Basak B, Akter Y, Afrose SS, Nahrin A, Emran R, Shahinozzaman M, Tawata S. Sakuranetin and its therapeutic potentials - a comprehensive review. Z NATURFORSCH C 2023; 78:27-48. [PMID: 35844107 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2022-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Sakuranetin (SKN), a naturally derived 7-O-methylated flavonoid, was first identified in the bark of the cherry tree (Prunus spp.) as an aglycone of sakuranin and then purified from the bark of Prunus puddum. It was later reported in many other plants including Artemisia campestris, Boesenbergia pandurata, Baccharis spp., Betula spp., Juglans spp., and Rhus spp. In plants, it functions as a phytoalexin synthesized from its precursor naringenin and is the only known phenolic phytoalexin in rice, which is released in response to different abiotic and biotic stresses such as UV-irradiation, jasmonic acid, cupric chloride, L-methionine, and the phytotoxin coronatine. Till date, SKN has been widely reported for its diverse pharmacological benefits including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimycobacterial, antiviral, antifungal, antileishmanial, antitrypanosomal, glucose uptake stimulation, neuroprotective, antimelanogenic, and antitumor properties. Its pharmacokinetics and toxicological properties have been poorly understood, thus warranting further evaluation together with exploring other pharmacological properties such as antidiabetic, neuroprotective, and antinociceptive effects. Besides, in vivo studies or clinical investigations can be done for proving its effects as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory, antimelanogenic, and antitumor agent. This review summarizes all the reported investigations with SKN for its health-beneficial roles and can be used as a guideline for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Junaid
- Natural Products Research Division, Advanced Bioinformatics, Computational Biology and Data Science Laboratory, Bangladesh, Chattogram, 4226, Bangladesh
| | - Bristy Basak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Yeasmin Akter
- Natural Products Research Division, Advanced Bioinformatics, Computational Biology and Data Science Laboratory, Bangladesh, Chattogram, 4226, Bangladesh.,Department of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering, Noakhali Science & Technology University, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Syeda Samira Afrose
- Natural Products Research Division, Advanced Bioinformatics, Computational Biology and Data Science Laboratory, Bangladesh, Chattogram, 4226, Bangladesh
| | - Afsana Nahrin
- Natural Products Research Division, Advanced Bioinformatics, Computational Biology and Data Science Laboratory, Bangladesh, Chattogram, 4226, Bangladesh.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Rashiduzzaman Emran
- Bioscience and Bioinformatics Research Center (BBRC), 5/2, Shehora, Dhaka Road, Mymensingh, 2200, Bangladesh.,Department of Agricultural Extension (DAE), Khamarbari, Farmgate, Dhaka, 1215, Bangladesh
| | - Md Shahinozzaman
- The Red-Green Research Centre, Tejgaon, Dhaka, 1215, Bangladesh.,PAK Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
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Valletta A, Iozia LM, Fattorini L, Leonelli F. Rice Phytoalexins: Half a Century of Amazing Discoveries; Part I: Distribution, Biosynthesis, Chemical Synthesis, and Biological Activities. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:260. [PMID: 36678973 PMCID: PMC9862927 DOI: 10.3390/plants12020260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cultivated rice is a staple food for more than half of the world's population, providing approximately 20% of the world's food energy needs. A broad spectrum of pathogenic microorganisms causes rice diseases leading to huge yield losses worldwide. Wild and cultivated rice species are known to possess a wide variety of antimicrobial secondary metabolites, known as phytoalexins, which are part of their active defense mechanisms. These compounds are biosynthesized transiently by rice in response to pathogens and certain abiotic stresses. Rice phytoalexins have been intensively studied for over half a century, both for their biological role and their potential application in agronomic and pharmaceutical fields. In recent decades, the growing interest of the research community, combined with advances in chemical, biological, and biomolecular investigation methods, has led to a notable acceleration in the growth of knowledge on rice phytoalexins. This review provides an overview of the knowledge gained in recent decades on the diversity, distribution, biosynthesis, chemical synthesis, and bioactivity of rice phytoalexins, with particular attention to the most recent advances in this research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Valletta
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Maria Iozia
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Fattorini
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Leonelli
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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He S, Qiao X, Zhang S, Xia J, Wang L, Liu S. Urate oxidase from tea microbe Colletotrichum camelliae is involved in the caffeine metabolism pathway and plays a role in fungal virulence. Front Nutr 2023; 9:1038806. [PMID: 36687674 PMCID: PMC9846643 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1038806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tea is one of the most well-known, healthy beverages in the world. Tea plants produce caffeine as a secondary metabolite. Colletotrichum camelliae is one of the most important microbes frequently isolated from tea fields, and it causes anthracnose disease in tea plant. In the present work, we performed molecular microbiology and transcriptomic analyses of the C. camelliae - tea plant interaction to investigate the mechanism of fungal virulence and plant defense. Upon infection of tea plant with C. camelliae, we observed alterations in the expression of fungal transcripts, including those of many genes associated with caffeine metabolism, such as those encoding various transporters, xanthine dehydrogenase, and urate oxidase (UOX). In particular, the deletion of C. camelliae urate oxidase (CcUOX), which is involved in the caffeine metabolism pathway, reduced fungal tolerance to caffeine, and impaired fungal virulence. CcUOX is involved in caffeine metabolism by the degradation of uric acid contents. C. camelliaeΔCcUOX mutants impaired uric acid degradation in vivo. The CcUOX gene was cloned from C. camelliae, overexpressed in Escherichia coli, and the recombinant CcUOX protein displayed maximum activity at 30°C and a pH of 4.0. The recombinant CcUOX efficiently reduced uric acid in vitro suggesting a promising application in caffeine-contaminated environment management and in producing food with low purine contents to prevent uric acid related human diseases, such as hyperuricemia and gout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan He
- Laboratory of Tea and Medicinal Plant Biology, College of Plant Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaoyan Qiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Resources Innovation and Utilization/Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences Tea Research Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuhan Zhang
- Laboratory of Tea and Medicinal Plant Biology, College of Plant Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jinglin Xia
- Laboratory of Tea and Medicinal Plant Biology, College of Plant Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Institute of Chemical and Industrial Bioengineering, Jilin Engineering Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Shouan Liu
- Laboratory of Tea and Medicinal Plant Biology, College of Plant Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China,Laboratory of Molecular Plant Pathology, College of Plant Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China,*Correspondence: Shouan Liu,
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Gurung P, Shrestha R, Lim J, Thapa Magar TB, Kim HH, Kim YW. Euonymus alatus Twig Extract Protects against Scopolamine-Induced Changes in Brain and Brain-Derived Cells via Cholinergic and BDNF Pathways. Nutrients 2022; 15:nu15010128. [PMID: 36615789 PMCID: PMC9823662 DOI: 10.3390/nu15010128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In the current study, the therapeutic and preventive effects of Euonymus alatus (EA) twig extract were investigated in a mouse model of cognitive deficit and B35 cells. Twig extract 1 was extracted with 70% ethanol and later twig extract 2 was extracted through liquid-liquid extraction with 70% ethanol and hexane. EA twig 2 (300 mg/kg) along with the standard drug donepezil (5 mg/kg) were orally administered to the mice for 34 days. Scopolamine was given intraperitoneally for 7 days. Administration of EA twig extract 2 significantly improved the passive avoidance test (PAT) in mice. EA twigs extract also restored the scopolamine-reduced brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)/extracellular regulated kinase (ERK)/cyclic AMP responsive element binding protein (CREB) signaling in B35 cells and the mouse hippocampus. In addition, EA twig extract significantly inhibited the acetylcholine esterase (AChE) activity in B35 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Chromatography and ESI MS analysis of EA twig extract revealed the presence of flavonoids; epicatechin, taxifolin, aromadendrin, and naringenin with catechin being the most abundant. These flavonoids exerted protective effects alone and had the possibility of synergistic effects in combination. Our work unmasks the ameliorating effect of EA twig extract 2 on scopolamine-associated cognitive impairments through the restoration of cholinergic systems and the BDNF/ERK/CREB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Gurung
- Dongsung Cancer Center, Dongsung Biopharmaceutical, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Rajeev Shrestha
- Dongsung Cancer Center, Dongsung Biopharmaceutical, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Junmo Lim
- Dongsung Cancer Center, Dongsung Biopharmaceutical, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Han-Hyuk Kim
- Medical Convergence Textile Center, Gyeongbuk Technopark, Gyeongsan 38412, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Wan Kim
- Dongsung Cancer Center, Dongsung Biopharmaceutical, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence:
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Duda-Madej A, Stecko J, Sobieraj J, Szymańska N, Kozłowska J. Naringenin and Its Derivatives-Health-Promoting Phytobiotic against Resistant Bacteria and Fungi in Humans. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:1628. [PMID: 36421272 PMCID: PMC9686724 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11111628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Naringenin is a trihydroxyflavanone present in large amount in different citrus fruits, e.g., oranges, pomelos, grapefruits, but also in tomatoes, fenugreek and coffee. It has a wide range of pharmacological and biological effects beneficial to human health. Its antioxidant, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, antifungal and antimicrobial activity is frequently reported in scientific literature. In this review we presented the current state of knowledge on the antimicrobial activity of naringenin and its natural and synthetic derivatives as a phytobiotic against resistant Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria as well as fungi in humans. Most of the data reported here have been obtained from in vitro or in vivo studies. Over the past few years, due to the overuse of antibiotics, the occurrence of bacteria resistant to all available antibiotics has been growing. Therefore, the main focus here is on antibiotic resistant strains, which are a significant, worldwide problem in the treatment of infectious diseases. The situation is so alarming that the WHO has listed microbial resistance to drugs on the list of the 10 most important health problems facing humanity. In addition, based on scientific reports from recent years, we described the potential molecular mechanism of action of these bioflavonoids against pathogenic strains of microorganisms. As plant-derived substances have been pushed out of use with the beginning of the antibiotic era, we hope that this review will contribute to their return as alternative methods of preventing and treating infections in the epoch of drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Duda-Madej
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Chałubińskiego 4, 50-368 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jakub Stecko
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Ludwika Pasteura 1, 50-367 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jakub Sobieraj
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Ludwika Pasteura 1, 50-367 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Natalia Szymańska
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Ludwika Pasteura 1, 50-367 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Joanna Kozłowska
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biocatalysis, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C.K. Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
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Cuesta-Rubio O, Hernández IM, Fernández MC, Rodríguez-Delgado I, De Oca Porto RM, Piccinelli AL, Celano R, Rastrelli L. Chemical characterization and antioxidant potential of ecuadorian propolis. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2022; 203:113415. [PMID: 36049527 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The chemical composition and the antioxidant potential of Ecuadorian propolis samples (n = 19) collected in different provinces were investigated. HPLC-DAD-ESI/MSn and GC-EI-MS analysis of the methanol extracts enabled us to define six types of Ecuadorian propolis based on their secondary metabolite composition. 68 compounds were identified, 59 of which are reported for the first time in Ecuadorian propolis. The detected compounds include flavonoids, diterpenes, triterpenes, organic acid derivatives, alkylresorcinol derivatives and nemorosone. Plants belonging to genera Populus, Mangifera and Clusia seemed to be vegetable sources employed by bees to produce Ecuadorian propolis. Total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of propolis extracts were determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu assay and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and ferric reducing/antioxidant potential assays, respectively. As expected, the variable chemical composition affected the differences in terms of antioxidant potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osmany Cuesta-Rubio
- Universidad Técnica de Machala, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y de La Salud, Ave. Panamericana km 5½, 070101, Machala, Ecuador.
| | - Ingrid Márquez Hernández
- Universidad Técnica de Machala, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y de La Salud, Ave. Panamericana km 5½, 070101, Machala, Ecuador.
| | - Mercedes Campo Fernández
- Universidad Técnica de Machala, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y de La Salud, Ave. Panamericana km 5½, 070101, Machala, Ecuador.
| | - Irán Rodríguez-Delgado
- Universidad Técnica de Machala, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecurarias, Ave. Panamericana km 5½, 070101, Machala, Ecuador.
| | - Rodny Montes De Oca Porto
- Instituto de Medicina del Deporte, Laboratorio Antidoping, Calle 100 y Aldabó, 1210800, La Habana, Cuba.
| | - Anna Lisa Piccinelli
- Universitá degli Studi di Salerno, Dipartimento di Farmacia, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy.
| | - Rita Celano
- Universitá degli Studi di Salerno, Dipartimento di Farmacia, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy.
| | - Luca Rastrelli
- Universitá degli Studi di Salerno, Dipartimento di Farmacia, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy.
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da Cruz Ramos Pires GH, Freire VT, Pereira RG, Amaral de Siqueira LJ, Umehara E, Lago JHG, Caseli L. Sakuranetin interacting with cell membranes models: Surface chemistry combined with molecular simulation. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 216:112546. [PMID: 35588685 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Sakuranetin, a natural compound with activity in lipidic biointerfaces, was isolated from Baccharis retusa and studied with two models of lipid membranes: Langmuir monolayers and Molecular Simulation. For that, the mammalian lipid DPPC was chosen. Sakuranetin condensed the monolayers at high surface pressures, decreased the surface compressional modulus, reduced the molecular order of the acyl chains (diminution of all-trans/gauche conformers ratio), and increased the heterogeneity of the interface, forming aggregates. Molecular simulation data gave information on the bioactive compound's most favorable thermodynamic positions along the lipid monolayer, which was the lipid-air interface. These combined results lead to the conclusion that this lipophilic compound may interact with the lipidic layers, preferentially at the lipid-air interface, to minimize the free energy, and reaches this conformation disturbing the thermodynamic, structural, mechanical, rheological, and morphological properties of the well-packed DPPC monolayer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vitor Torres Freire
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Paulo, Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Eric Umehara
- Federal University of ABC, Santo André, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Luciano Caseli
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Paulo, Diadema, SP, Brazil.
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Förster C, Handrick V, Ding Y, Nakamura Y, Paetz C, Schneider B, Castro-Falcón G, Hughes CC, Luck K, Poosapati S, Kunert G, Huffaker A, Gershenzon J, Schmelz EA, Köllner TG. Biosynthesis and antifungal activity of fungus-induced O-methylated flavonoids in maize. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 188:167-190. [PMID: 34718797 PMCID: PMC8774720 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Fungal infection of grasses, including rice (Oryza sativa), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), and barley (Hordeum vulgare), induces the formation and accumulation of flavonoid phytoalexins. In maize (Zea mays), however, investigators have emphasized benzoxazinoid and terpenoid phytoalexins, and comparatively little is known about flavonoid induction in response to pathogens. Here, we examined fungus-elicited flavonoid metabolism in maize and identified key biosynthetic enzymes involved in the formation of O-methylflavonoids. The predominant end products were identified as two tautomers of a 2-hydroxynaringenin-derived compound termed xilonenin, which significantly inhibited the growth of two maize pathogens, Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium verticillioides. Among the biosynthetic enzymes identified were two O-methyltransferases (OMTs), flavonoid OMT 2 (FOMT2), and FOMT4, which demonstrated distinct regiospecificity on a broad spectrum of flavonoid classes. In addition, a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (CYP) in the CYP93G subfamily was found to serve as a flavanone 2-hydroxylase providing the substrate for FOMT2-catalyzed formation of xilonenin. In summary, maize produces a diverse blend of O-methylflavonoids with antifungal activity upon attack by a broad range of fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Förster
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena D-07745, Germany
| | - Vinzenz Handrick
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena D-07745, Germany
| | - Yezhang Ding
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, California 92093-0380, USA
| | - Yoko Nakamura
- Research Group Biosynthesis/NMR, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena D-07745, Germany
| | - Christian Paetz
- Research Group Biosynthesis/NMR, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena D-07745, Germany
| | - Bernd Schneider
- Research Group Biosynthesis/NMR, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena D-07745, Germany
| | - Gabriel Castro-Falcón
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, USA
| | - Chambers C Hughes
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, USA
| | - Katrin Luck
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena D-07745, Germany
| | - Sowmya Poosapati
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, California 92093-0380, USA
| | - Grit Kunert
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena D-07745, Germany
| | - Alisa Huffaker
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, California 92093-0380, USA
| | - Jonathan Gershenzon
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena D-07745, Germany
| | - Eric A Schmelz
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, California 92093-0380, USA
| | - Tobias G Köllner
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena D-07745, Germany
- Author for communication:
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13
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Wei Y, Zhang Y, Meng J, Wang Y, Zhong C, Ma H. Transcriptome and metabolome profiling in naturally infested Casuarina equisetifolia clones by Ralstonia solanacearum. Genomics 2021; 113:1906-1918. [PMID: 33771635 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2021.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Casuarina equisetifolia is an important pioneer tree and suffers from bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum. We collected resistant (R) and susceptible (S) C. equisetifolia clones naturally infected by R. solanacearum and compared their transcriptome and metabolome with a clone (CK) from a non-infested forest, in order to study their response and resistance to bacterial wilt. We identified 18 flavonoids differentially accumulated among the three clonal groups as potential selection biomarkers against R. solanacearum. Flavonoid synthesis-related genes were up-regulated in the resistant clones, probably enhancing accumulation of flavonoids and boosting resistance against bacterial wilt. The down-regulation of auxin/indoleacetic acid-related genes and up-regulation of brassinosteroid, salicylic acid and jasmonic acid-related differentially expressed genes in the R vs CK and R vs S clonal groups may have triggered defense signals and increased expression of defense-related genes against R. solanacearum. Overall, this study provides an important insight into pathogen-response and resistance to bacterial wilt in C. equisetifolia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongcheng Wei
- Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Longdong, Guangzhou 510520, China.
| | - Yong Zhang
- Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Longdong, Guangzhou 510520, China.
| | - Jingxiang Meng
- Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Longdong, Guangzhou 510520, China.
| | - Yujiao Wang
- Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Longdong, Guangzhou 510520, China.
| | - Chonglu Zhong
- Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Longdong, Guangzhou 510520, China.
| | - Haibin Ma
- Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Longdong, Guangzhou 510520, China.
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14
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Westrick NM, Smith DL, Kabbage M. Disarming the Host: Detoxification of Plant Defense Compounds During Fungal Necrotrophy. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:651716. [PMID: 33995447 PMCID: PMC8120277 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.651716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
While fungal biotrophs are dependent on successfully suppressing/subverting host defenses during their interaction with live cells, necrotrophs, due to their lifestyle are often confronted with a suite of toxic metabolites. These include an assortment of plant defense compounds (PDCs) which can demonstrate broad antifungal activity. These PDCs can be either constitutively present in plant tissue or induced in response to infection, but are nevertheless an important obstacle which needs to be overcome for successful pathogenesis. Fungal necrotrophs have developed a number of strategies to achieve this goal, from the direct detoxification of these compounds through enzymatic catalysis and modification, to the active transport of various PDCs to achieve toxin sequestration and efflux. Studies have shown across multiple pathogens that the efficient detoxification of host PDCs is both critical for successful infection and often a determinant factor in pathogen host range. Here, we provide a broad and comparative overview of the various mechanisms for PDC detoxification which have been identified in both fungal necrotrophs and fungal pathogens which depend on detoxification during a necrotrophic phase of infection. Furthermore, the effect that these mechanisms have on fungal host range, metabolism, and disease control will be discussed.
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15
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Zheng J, Wu Z, Yang N, Zhou K, Hu W, Ou S, Liu P. Widely Targeted UHPLC-MS/MS Metabolomic Analysis on the Chemical Variation in Blueberry-Filled Pastries During Processing. Front Nutr 2020; 7:569172. [PMID: 33240917 PMCID: PMC7680857 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.569172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of components in fruits are sensitive to heat-processing. Nevertheless, fruits are becoming popular ingredients in processed foods, like bakery foods. Therefore, the fate of the components in the fruit-involved food during thermal processing is important for the assessment of their nutritional values and sensory properties. Unfortunately, comprehensive knowledge of the compositional alteration in real food products during processing is limited. In the current study, a popular bakery food, blueberry-filled pastry, was taken as the object, and a widely targeted metabolomic approach was applied to investigate the holistic compositional variation of blueberry filling during pastry preparation. Amongst the total of 630 chemicals identified, 288 chemicals were screened as differential compounds between samples collected at different processing stages. The most variation of the chemicals was observed during the process of stir-frying. A total of 197 chemicals varied significantly in concentrations during stir-frying, while only 75 chemicals altered significantly in contents during baking. Amongst 288 differential compounds, 117 belonged to the group of phenolic compounds, with the others found to be sugars and organic acids, amino acids, lipids, nucleotides, etc. The possible mechanisms of the chemical alterations during thermal processing were also discussed in the current study. The data provide comprehensive information on the compositional changes in berry-containing fillings during thermal processing, and hints and emphasis for further investigation of the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zheng
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongjun Wu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nan Yang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kangning Zhou
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenzhong Hu
- College of Life Science, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, China.,Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, China
| | - Shiyi Ou
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pengzhan Liu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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16
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Sanches Silva A, Reboredo-Rodríguez P, Sanchez-Machado DI, López-Cervantes J, Barreca D, Pittala V, Samec D, Orhan IE, Gulcan HO, Forbes-Hernandez TY, Battino M, Nabavi SF, Devi KP, Nabavi SM. Evaluation of the status quo of polyphenols analysis: Part II-Analysis methods and food processing effects. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 19:3219-3240. [PMID: 33337047 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays due to the concern with the environmental impact of analytical techniques and in order to reduce the ecological footprint there is a tendency to use more efficient and faster procedures that use a smaller amount of organic solvents. Polyphenols have been widely studied in plant-based matrices due to their wide and potent biological properties; however there are no standardized procedures both for sample preparation and analysis of these compounds. The second of a two-part review will carry out a critical review of the extraction procedures and analytical methods applied to polyphenols and their selection criteria over a wide range of factors in relation to commerce-associated, environmental, and economic factors. It is foreseen that in the future the analysis of polyphenols in plant-based matrices includes the use of techniques that allow the simultaneous determination of different subclasses of polyphenols using fast, sophisticated, and automated techniques that allow the minimal consumption of solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Sanches Silva
- National Institute for Agricultural and Veterinary Research (INIAV), I.P., Vairão, Vila do Conde, Portugal.,Center for Study in Animal Science (CECA), University of Oporto, Oporto, Portugal
| | - Patricia Reboredo-Rodríguez
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, CITACA, Faculty of Science, University of Vigo - Ourense Campus, Ourense, E32004, Spain
| | | | | | - Davide Barreca
- Dipartimento di Scienze chimiche, biologiche, farmaceutiche ed ambientali, Università di Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Valeria Pittala
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Dunja Samec
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute 'Ruđer Bošković', Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ilkay Erdogan Orhan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - H Ozan Gulcan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Eastern Mediterranean University, Gazimagusa, The Northern Cyprus via Mersin, Turkey
| | - Tamara Y Forbes-Hernandez
- Nutrition and Food Science Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, CITACA, CACTI, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Maurizio Battino
- Nutrition and Food Science Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, CITACA, CACTI, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain.,College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Seyed Fazel Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kasi Pandima Devi
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Seyed Mohammad Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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17
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Wu LS, Dong WG, Si JP, Liu JJ, Zhu YQ. Endophytic fungi, host genotype, and their interaction influence the growth and production of key chemical components of Dendrobium catenatum. Fungal Biol 2020; 124:864-876. [PMID: 32948274 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2020.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
To examine how host plant genotype, endophytic fungal species, and their interaction may affect growth and key chemical content and composition in an important orchid species, we assessed four Dendrobium catenatum cultivars co-cultured with three fungi previously isolated from D. catenatum. Fungal endophytes (Tulasnella sp., Leptosphaeria microscopica, and Guignardia sp.) specifically affected the growth and chemical composition of the four cultivars. Fungal infection significantly increased certain growth traits, especially mid-stem thickness, stem biomass, stem polysaccharide and ethanol-soluble extractive content, and leaf flavonoid and phenol content. Presence or abundance of some key chemical components was also altered by fungal treatment. These increases and alterations were highly dependent on the host genotype. The findings of this study contribute to our understanding of Dendrobium and endophytic fungi interactions, and provide vital information for improving the development and use of endophytic fungi in D. catenatum breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Shang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, 311300, PR China
| | - Wei-Guo Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, 311300, PR China
| | - Jin-Ping Si
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, 311300, PR China.
| | - Jing-Jing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, 311300, PR China
| | - Yu-Qiu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, 311300, PR China
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18
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Yadav V, Wang Z, Wei C, Amo A, Ahmed B, Yang X, Zhang X. Phenylpropanoid Pathway Engineering: An Emerging Approach towards Plant Defense. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9040312. [PMID: 32340374 PMCID: PMC7238016 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9040312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogens hitting the plant cell wall is the first impetus that triggers the phenylpropanoid pathway for plant defense. The phenylpropanoid pathway bifurcates into the production of an enormous array of compounds based on the few intermediates of the shikimate pathway in response to cell wall breaches by pathogens. The whole metabolomic pathway is a complex network regulated by multiple gene families and it exhibits refined regulatory mechanisms at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and post-translational levels. The pathway genes are involved in the production of anti-microbial compounds as well as signaling molecules. The engineering in the metabolic pathway has led to a new plant defense system of which various mechanisms have been proposed including salicylic acid and antimicrobial mediated compounds. In recent years, some key players like phenylalanine ammonia lyases (PALs) from the phenylpropanoid pathway are proposed to have broad spectrum disease resistance (BSR) without yield penalties. Now we have more evidence than ever, yet little understanding about the pathway-based genes that orchestrate rapid, coordinated induction of phenylpropanoid defenses in response to microbial attack. It is not astonishing that mutants of pathway regulator genes can show conflicting results. Therefore, precise engineering of the pathway is an interesting strategy to aim at profitably tailored plants. Here, this review portrays the current progress and challenges for phenylpropanoid pathway-based resistance from the current prospective to provide a deeper understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Yadav
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (V.Y.); (Z.W.); (C.W.); (B.A.); (X.Y.)
| | - Zhongyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (V.Y.); (Z.W.); (C.W.); (B.A.); (X.Y.)
| | - Chunhua Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (V.Y.); (Z.W.); (C.W.); (B.A.); (X.Y.)
| | - Aduragbemi Amo
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China;
| | - Bilal Ahmed
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (V.Y.); (Z.W.); (C.W.); (B.A.); (X.Y.)
| | - Xiaozhen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (V.Y.); (Z.W.); (C.W.); (B.A.); (X.Y.)
| | - Xian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (V.Y.); (Z.W.); (C.W.); (B.A.); (X.Y.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-029-8708-2613
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19
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Murata K, Kitano T, Yoshimoto R, Takata R, Ube N, Ueno K, Ueno M, Yabuta Y, Teraishi M, Holland CK, Jander G, Okumoto Y, Mori N, Ishihara A. Natural variation in the expression and catalytic activity of a naringenin 7-O-methyltransferase influences antifungal defenses in diverse rice cultivars. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 101:1103-1117. [PMID: 31630460 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Phytoalexins play a pivotal role in plant-pathogen interactions. Whereas leaves of rice (Oryza sativa) cultivar Nipponbare predominantly accumulated the phytoalexin sakuranetin after jasmonic acid induction, only very low amounts accumulated in the Kasalath cultivar. Sakuranetin is synthesized from naringenin by naringenin 7-O-methyltransferase (NOMT). Analysis of chromosome segment substitution lines and backcrossed inbred lines suggested that NOMT is the underlying cause of differential phytoalexin accumulation between Nipponbare and Kasalath. Indeed, both NOMT expression and NOMT enzymatic activity are lower in Kasalath than in Nipponbare. We identified a proline to threonine substitution in Kasalath relative to Nipponbare NOMT as the main cause of the lower enzymatic activity. Expanding this analysis to rice cultivars with varying amounts of sakuranetin collected from around the world showed that NOMT induction is correlated with sakuranetin accumulation. In bioassays with Pyricularia oryzae, Gibberella fujikuroi, Bipolaris oryzae, Burkholderia glumae, Xanthomonas oryzae, Erwinia chrysanthemi, Pseudomonas syringae, and Acidovorax avenae, naringenin was more effective against bacterial pathogens and sakuranetin was more effective against fungal pathogens. Therefore, the relative amounts of naringenin and sakuranetin may provide protection against specific pathogen profiles in different rice-growing environments. In a dendrogram of NOMT genes, those from low-sakuranetin-accumulating cultivars formed at least two clusters, only one of which involves the proline to threonine mutation, suggesting that the low sakuranetin chemotype was acquired more than once in cultivated rice. Strains of the wild rice species Oryza rufipogon also exhibited differential sakuranetin accumulation, indicating that this metabolic diversity predates rice domestication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Murata
- Graduate School of Sustainability Science, Tottori University, Tottori, 680-8553, Japan
| | - Takashige Kitano
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori, 680-8553, Japan
| | - Riko Yoshimoto
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori, 680-8553, Japan
| | - Ryo Takata
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-Cho, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Naoki Ube
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, Tottori, 680-8553, Japan
| | - Kotomi Ueno
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori, 680-8553, Japan
| | - Makoto Ueno
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Shimane University, Nishikawatsu 1060, Matsue, 690-8504, Japan
| | - Yukinori Yabuta
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori, 680-8553, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Teraishi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-Cho, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | | | - Georg Jander
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Yutaka Okumoto
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-Cho, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Naoki Mori
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-Cho, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ishihara
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori, 680-8553, Japan
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20
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A Review on Sources and Pharmacological Aspects of Sakuranetin. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12020513. [PMID: 32085443 PMCID: PMC7071307 DOI: 10.3390/nu12020513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Sakuranetin belongs to the group of methoxylated flavanones. It is widely distributed in Polyomnia fruticosa and rice, where it acts as a phytoalexin. Other natural sources of this compound are, among others, grass trees, shrubs, flowering plants, cheery, and some herbal drugs, where it has been found in the form of glycosides (mainly sakuranin). Sakuranetin has antiproliferative activity against human cell lines typical for B16BL6 melanoma, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and colon cancer (Colo 320). Moreover, sakuranetin shows antiviral activity towards human rhinovirus 3 and influenza B virus and was reported to have antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiinflammatory, antiparasitic, antimutagenic, and antiallergic properties. The aim of this review is to present the current status of knowledge of pro-health properties of sakuranetin.
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21
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Abstract
The intake of flavanones, the predominant flavonoid in the Citrus genus in human diets is variable but considerable. It is thus unsurprising that they have attracted interest for their claimed positive effects on health. However, to substantiate any purported impact on health and decipher the underlying mechanism(s), knowledge of pharmacokinetics is crucial. The aim of this article is to review currently known aspects of the fate of flavanones in the organism including absorption, metabolism, distribution, and excretion as well as possible kinetic interactions with clinically used drugs. There are three principal keynotes: (1) The level of parent flavanones in plasma is negligible. The major reason for this is that although flavanones are absorbed into enterocytes after oral intake, they are rapidly metabolized, in particular, into conjugates, sulfates and glucuronides, which are the major forms circulating in plasma. (2) A large fraction reaches the colon where it is efficiently metabolized into small absorbable phenolics. (3) The form (aglycone vs. glycoside) and species (e.g. human vs. rat) have important impact. In conclusion, knowledge of the pharmacokinetics of flavanones, in particular of metabolites, their achievable plasma concentration and half-lives, should be borne in mind when their biological effects are investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iveta Najmanová
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Vopršalová
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Přemysl Mladěnka
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
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22
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Nie H, Zhang L, Zhuang H, Yang X, Qiu D, Zeng H. Secreted protein MoHrip2 is required for full virulence of Magnaporthe oryzae and modulation of rice immunity. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:6153-6167. [PMID: 31154490 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-09937-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
MoHrip2, identified from Magnaporthe oryzae as an elicitor, can activate plant defense responses either in the form of recombinant protein in vitro or ectopic expressed protein in rice. However, its intrinsic function in the infective interaction of M. oryzae-rice is largely unknown. Here, we found that mohrip2 expression was significantly induced at stages of fungal penetration and colonization. Meanwhile, the induced MoHrip2 mainly accumulated in the rice apoplast by outlining the entire invasive hyphae during infection, and its secretion was via the conventional endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-to-Golgi pathway, demonstrating the nature of MoHrip2 as an apoplastic effector. What's more, the disease facilitating function of MoHrip2 was revealed by the significantly compromised virulence of Δmohrip2 mutants on rice seedlings and even on the wounded rice leaves. Inoculations of these mutant strains on rice leaf sheaths showed a reduction in penetration and subsequent expansion of fungal growth, which is probably due to activated host immunity including the expression of certain defense-related genes and the production of certain phytoalexins. Altogether, these results demonstrated the necessity of MoHrip2 in suppression of host immunity and the full virulence of M. oryzae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haizhen Nie
- The State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Huiqian Zhuang
- The State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiufen Yang
- The State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Dewen Qiu
- The State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Hongmei Zeng
- The State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
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23
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Schenke D, Utami HP, Zhou Z, Gallegos MT, Cai D. Suppression of UV-B stress induced flavonoids by biotic stress: Is there reciprocal crosstalk? PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 134:53-63. [PMID: 30558728 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Plants respond to abiotic UV-B stress with enhanced expression of genes for flavonoid production, especially the key-enzyme chalcone synthase (CHS). Some flavonoids are antioxidative, antimicrobial and/or UV-B protective secondary metabolites. However, when plants are challenged with concomitant biotic stress (simulated e.g. by the bacterial peptide flg22, which induces MAMP triggered immunity, MTI), the production of flavonoids is strongly suppressed in both Arabidopsis thaliana cell cultures and plants. On the other hand, flg22 induces the production of defense related compounds, such as the phytoalexin scopoletin, as well as lignin, a structural barrier thought to restrict pathogen spread within the host tissue. Since all these metabolites require the precursor phenylalanine for their production, suppression of the flavonoid production appears to allow the plant to focus its secondary metabolism on the production of pathogen defense related compounds during MTI. Interestingly, several flavonoids have been reported to display anti-microbial activities. For example, the plant flavonoid phloretin targets the Pseudomonas syringae virulence factors flagella and type 3 secretion system. That is, suppression of flavonoid synthesis during MTI might have also negative side-effects on the pathogen defense. To clarify this issue, we deployed an Arabidopsis flavonoid mutant and obtained genetic evidence that flavonoids indeed contribute to ward off the virulent bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) DC3000. Finally, we show that UV-B attenuates expression of the flg22 receptor FLS2, indicating that there is negative and reciprocal interaction between this abiotic stress and the plant-pathogen defense responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Schenke
- Department of Molecular Phytopathology and Biotechnology, Institute of Phytopathology, Christian-Albrechts Universität zu Kiel, 24118, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Hashlin Pascananda Utami
- Department of Molecular Phytopathology and Biotechnology, Institute of Phytopathology, Christian-Albrechts Universität zu Kiel, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Zheng Zhou
- Department of Molecular Phytopathology and Biotechnology, Institute of Phytopathology, Christian-Albrechts Universität zu Kiel, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - María-Trinidad Gallegos
- Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), Profesor Albareda, 1, 18008, Granada, Spain
| | - Daguang Cai
- Department of Molecular Phytopathology and Biotechnology, Institute of Phytopathology, Christian-Albrechts Universität zu Kiel, 24118, Kiel, Germany
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24
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Wang W, Li Y, Dang P, Zhao S, Lai D, Zhou L. Rice Secondary Metabolites: Structures, Roles, Biosynthesis, and Metabolic Regulation. Molecules 2018; 23:E3098. [PMID: 30486426 PMCID: PMC6320963 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23123098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is an important food crop providing energy and nutrients for more than half of the world population. It produces vast amounts of secondary metabolites. At least 276 secondary metabolites from rice have been identified in the past 50 years. They mainly include phenolic acids, flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids, alkaloids, and their derivatives. These metabolites exhibit many physiological functions, such as regulatory effects on rice growth and development, disease-resistance promotion, anti-insect activity, and allelopathic effects, as well as various kinds of biological activities such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, cytotoxic, and anti-inflammatory properties. This review focuses on our knowledge of the structures, biological functions and activities, biosynthesis, and metabolic regulation of rice secondary metabolites. Some considerations about cheminformatics, metabolomics, genetic transformation, production, and applications related to the secondary metabolites from rice are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixuan Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Yuying Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Pengqin Dang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Siji Zhao
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Daowan Lai
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Ligang Zhou
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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25
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Jeong H, Lee J, Kim S, Yeo YY, So H, Wu H, Song YS, Jang CY, Kim HD, Kim MJ, Chang M. Hepatic Metabolism of Sakuranetin and Its Modulating Effects on Cytochrome P450s and UDP-Glucuronosyltransferases. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23071542. [PMID: 29949932 PMCID: PMC6100415 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23071542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sakuranetin (SKN), found in cherry trees and rice, is a flavanone with various pharmacological activities. It is biosynthesized from naringenin in rice or cherry trees, and the metabolism of SKN has been studied in non-human species. The present study aimed to investigate the metabolic pathways of SKN in human liver microsomes and identify the phase I and phase II metabolites, as well as evaluate the potential for drug–herb interactions through the modulation of drug metabolizing enzymes (DMEs). HPLC-DAD and HPLC-electrospray mass spectrometry were used to study the metabolic stability and identify the metabolites from human liver microsomes incubated with SKN. The potential of SKN to inhibit the DMEs was evaluated by monitoring the formation of a DME-specific product. The cytochrome P450 2B6 and 3A4-inductive effects were studied using promoter reporter assays in human hepatocarcinoma cells. The major pathways for SKN metabolism include B-ring hydroxylation, 5-O-demethylation, and conjugation with glutathione or glucuronic acid. The phase I metabolites were identified as naringenin and eriodictyol. SKN was found to be a UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGT) 1A9 inhibitor, whereas it induced transactivation of the human pregnane X receptor-mediated cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyesoo Jeong
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Korea.
| | - Jimin Lee
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Korea.
| | - Soolin Kim
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Korea.
| | - Yoo Yeon Yeo
- Department of Biological Sciences and Research Institute of Women's Health, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Korea.
| | - Hyunyoung So
- Department of Biological Sciences and Research Institute of Women's Health, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Korea.
| | - Honghua Wu
- Center for Research and Development of Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.
| | - Yun Seon Song
- College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Korea.
| | - Chang-Young Jang
- College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Korea.
| | - Hee-Doo Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Korea.
| | - Min Jung Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences and Research Institute of Women's Health, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Korea.
| | - Minsun Chang
- Department of Biological Sciences and Research Institute of Women's Health, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Korea.
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26
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Xylosylated Detoxification of the Rice Flavonoid Phytoalexin Sakuranetin by the Rice Sheath Blight Fungus Rhizoctonia solani. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23020276. [PMID: 29382171 PMCID: PMC6017487 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23020276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sakuranetin (1) is a rice flavanone-type phytoalexin. We have already reported that the metabolites from the detoxification of 1 by Pyriculariaoryzae are naringenin (2) and sternbin. In this study, we investigated whether the rice sheath blight fungus Rhizoctoniasolani, another major rice pathogen, can detoxify 1. The extract of R. solani suspension culture containing 1 was analyzed by LC-MS to identify the metabolites of 1. Three putative metabolites of 1 were detected in the extract from the R. solani suspension culture 12 h after the addition of 1, and they were identified as 2, sakuranetin-4′-O-β-d-xylopyranoside (3), and naringenin-7-O-β-d-xylopyranoside (4) by NMR, LC-MS/MS, and GC-MS analyses. The accumulation of 2, 3, and 4 reached their maximum levels 9–12 h after the addition of 1, whereas the content of 1 decreased to almost zero within 9 h. The antifungal activities of 3 and 4 against R. solani were negligible, and 2 showed weaker antifungal activity than 1. We concluded that 2, 3, and 4 are metabolites from the detoxification of 1 by R. solani. Xylosylation is a rare and efficient detoxification method for phytoalexins.
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